(共14张PPT)
专题五 应用文写作
破难点
微技能3 起承转合
“起”指文章开头；“承”意味着承接上文展开叙述；“转”代表转折，指进一步描写、解释、分析；“合”指总结上文并结尾。常见的用于“起承转合”的连接词：
起：first(ly)、in the first place、first of all、for one thing、to begin with
承：besides、in addition、moreover、what's more、furthermore、for another、additionally、second(ly)、third(ly)、last(ly)
转：though/although、in spite of、despite、even if/though、but、however、on the other hand、yet、on the contrary、whereas、nevertheless、in contrast、worse still、unfortunately/fortunately、unluckily/ luckily、in fact、as a matter of fact、actually
合：overall、in a word、in general、in short、above all、after all、generally speaking、to sum up、finally、in conclusion、at last、in summary、as a result、thus、eventually、hence、on the whole
以2025年浙江1月卷为例，先逐一写出句子，再添加适当连接词连句成文：
你将参加英语课上的“一分钟演讲”活动。请你针对部分同学在校园内用手机拍摄短视频的现象写一篇演讲稿，内容包括：1.陈述看法；2.提出建议。
1. 今天我想就一些学生在校园内用手机拍摄短视频这一趋势发表演讲。(speak on; on campus)
2. 在我看来，尽管它能让学生捕捉到有趣的瞬间，但也有诸多令人担忧的问题，比如分散我们对学习的注意力，扰乱学习环境。(although; distract)
3. 学校应当制定明确的规则，规定何时何地拍摄短视频是合适的。(establish)
4. 对学生进行教育，使其优先考虑学业责任，合理适度地使用手机，这是至关重要的。(educate sb to do; it is＋adj.＋to do; in a moderate manner)
5. 让我们共同努力，营造一个积极健康的校园环境。(let us do)
【参考范文】
My Views on Filming Short Videos on Campus
Good morning, everyone! Today I'll speak on students filming short videos with their mobile phones on campus.
From my perspective, although this lets students capture interesting moments, it has drawbacks, such as distracting attention from studies and disrupting the learning environment. Here are my suggestions. Firstly, the school should establish clear rules on when and where to film short videos. Secondly, it's crucial to educate students to prioritize academics and use their phones in a moderate manner.
In conclusion, let us work together to create a positive and healthy campus environment. Thank you for listening!
A(2024浙江1月卷)
限时：15分钟
请你写一篇短文向校英文报“Sports and Health”栏目投稿，向同学们推荐一项适合课间开展的运动。内容包括：
1. 介绍这项运动；2. 说明推荐理由。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；2. 请按如下格式作答。
Step 1 逐一写出句子
1. 在我们繁忙的学校生活中，在休息时间寻找一项合适的运动至关重要。
2. 跳绳以其简单高效的特点脱颖而出。
3. 我推荐跳绳有几个原因。
4. 它只需要一根绳子和小小的空间，这使得人人都能参与。
5. 通过在休息时间跳绳，我们可以恢复精力，为下一堂课做准备。
6. 鉴于跳绳的众多优点，让我们把它变成日常校园生活的一部分，享受它给我们的生活带来的活力。
Step 2 添加适当连接词，连句成文
Stand Up and Exercise, Everybody!
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
In our busy school life, finding a suitable way to exercise during breaks is essential. Simple yet effective, rope skipping stands out as an excellent choice.
There are several reasons why I recommend rope skipping. For one, it requires only a rope and minimal space, making it highly accessible. Additionally, by engaging in rope skipping during breaks, we can refresh ourselves, preparing us for the next class.
Given its numerous advantages, let's make rope skipping a part of our daily school routine and enjoy the vitality it brings to our lives.
B(2023新课标Ⅰ&Ⅱ卷)
限时：15分钟
假定你是李华，外教Ryan准备将学生随机分为两人一组，让大家课后练习口语，你认为这样分组存在问题。请你给外教写一封邮件，内容包括：
1. 说明问题；2. 提出建议。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；2. 请按如下格式作答。
Step 1 逐一写出句子
1. 我写信是想和您谈谈关于课后口语练习随机分组的计划。
2. 有些学生可能会与英语水平不同的学生搭档。
3. 英语水平较高的学生可能找不到适合与初学者练习的话题，而初学者可能会因为紧张或尴尬而不敢开口。
4. 我建议根据学生的英语水平进行分组。
5. 希望我的建议对您有帮助。
6. 感谢您的考虑以及您为帮助我们提高英语水平所付出的努力。
Step 2 添加适当连接词，连句成文
Dear Ryan，
I'm Li Hua from Class 3. ______________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
I'm writing to talk about the plan to randomly divide us into pairs for the after-class oral English practice.
If we are paired randomly, some students may end up with partners who have different English levels. In this case, the advanced student might not be able to find suitable topics to practise with the beginner, while the beginner might feel nervous or embarrassed to speak up. To address this, I suggest grouping students by their English levels.
I hope my suggestions are helpful. Thank you for your consideration and efforts to improve our English.(共22张PPT)
专题五 应用文写作
破难点
微技能1 词汇亮化
高考英语应用文写作评分标准第四档(10～12分)和第五档(13～15分)明确指出作文的语言要有“较复杂结构或较高级词汇”。那么，我们在写作中，如何达到这个要求呢？
一、 遣词避免“人云亦云”
写作时，不重复使用常见表达，恰当得体地变换表达，会给阅卷老师耳目一新的感觉。下面用一些满分作文里的句子进行示范。
1. tell→inform/share 告诉
I'm writing to inform you that we will have a volleyball match next month.
2. proper→appropriate 合适的
In my view, you'd better bring an appropriate gift for your Chinese friend.
3. chance→opportunity 机会
If offered the opportunity to be a volunteer, I will do it well and live up to your expectations.
4. be sure to→be bound to 一定
You are bound to have a good knowledge of the history of our school.
5. be worried about→be concerned about 担心
I am concerned about your health and want to know if you are getting better now.
二、 何为高级词汇
1. 晚学的词更高级
一般说来，从小学到高中，越是后面学的词越显得高级。高中学的词比初中学的词高级，高三学的词比高一学的词高级。因此，我们在表达同一意思时，可以多选后学的词。例：
①I am writing to apply for the job as an assistant.→句中job可以替换为occupation。
类似替换：disadvantage→drawback(缺点)、ability→capability(能力)、way→approach(方法)、happiness→delight(快乐)等。
②Computers become more and more important nowadays.→句中important可以替换为significant。
类似替换：difficult→tough(困难的)、proper→appropriate(合适的)、hard-working→diligent(勤奋的)、brave→courageous(勇敢的)、sure→ convinced(确信的)等。表示“越来越重要”中的“越来越”，用increasingly较more and more显得更高级。
③The village looks very pretty.→句中very可以替换为awfully。
类似替换：quickly→swiftly(快速地)、greatly→enormously(非常)、about→approximately(大约)等。
④We are sure to finish the task today.→句中finish可以替换为accomplish。
类似替换：talk→communicate(谈话)、help→assist(帮助)等。
2. 短语比单词出彩
如果能使用地道的动词短语和介词短语等替代平淡的单词，就可以让句子更“出彩”。例：
①You'd better master grammar.
→You'd better have a command of grammar.
类似替换：see→catch sight of(看见)、like→be keen on(喜爱)、affect→have an effect on(影响)等。
②The good news makes me excited.
→The good news makes me in high spirits.
③I represent our class to write this letter to invite you to join in our open-air concert.
→On behalf of our class, I am writing to invite you to join in our open-air concert.
④It is beneficial for you to have a brief understanding of Tang poems in advance.
→It is of benefit for you to have a brief understanding of Tang poems in advance.
⑤There will be many activities to mark this unforgettable occasion including many matches.
→There will be a wide range of activities to mark this unforgettable occasion including many matches.
3. 具体化表达更高级
具体化表达指将想表达的意思讲具体、讲细致，精准选词，多实少虚，避免空洞，比如写“好”，要写出到底是怎样的好法。例：
①Mrs Green is a good teacher.
→Mrs Green is a kind and patient teacher.
→Mrs Green is a kind and patient teacher who knows how to encourage students.
②I will go to Hainan next month.
→I will fly to Hainan next month.
→I eagerly look forward to flying to Hainan next month.
③Yesterday, our school held a 5-km race.
→Yesterday, our school held a 5-km cross-country race.
→Yesterday, our school held a 5-km cross-country race, which attracted many participants.
限时：20分钟
1 常见词汇：When I had no idea about what to write, you helped me with your knowledge.
升级词汇：When I had no idea about what to write, you _____________ _________________________________________________(用你广博的知识和独特的见解启发了我)．
2 常见词汇：You helped me improve my article and correct grammatical mistakes.
升级词汇：You ____________________________________(仔细润色了我的草稿) and helped me correct grammatical mistakes.
enlightened me with your broad knowledge and unique insights
carefully polished my script/draft
3 常见词汇：Having been uneasy and nervous before the contest, I felt less frightened when I saw your encouraging smiles.
升级词汇： Having been uneasy and nervous before the contest, I felt _____________________(更放心) when I saw your encouraging smiles.
4 常见词汇：Thank you so much.
升级词汇： _______________ (无法用言语表达) when I want to express my thanks.
much more reassured
Words fail me
5 常见词汇：As we all know, Beijing is famous for its long history and many tourist attractions.
升级词汇：As we all know, Beijing ______________________(享有……的声誉) its long history and many tourist attractions.
6 常见词汇：I'm fluent in spoken English, thus making it easy for me to communicate with visitors.
升级词汇：I ________________________ spoken English, thus making it easy for me to communicate with visitors.
has a reputation for
have a good command of
7 常见词汇：Aimed to help us know the importance of working, an activity themed “Working Is the Most Beautiful” was held last week.
升级词汇：Aimed to help us _____________ the importance of working, an activity themed “Working Is the Most Beautiful” was held last week.
8 常见词汇： I decided to follow their examples to take my own responsibility to be a reliable person in the future.
升级词汇：I _________________ to follow their examples to take my own responsibility to be a reliable person in the future.
be aware of
made up my mind
9 常见词汇：I went on a gathering with my classmates last weekend, which was a good experience.
升级词汇：I went on a gathering with my classmates last weekend, ______________________(的确是) a good experience.
10 常见词汇：A good education is necessary for success in today's competitive world.
升级词汇：A good education is ________________ for success in today's competitive world.
which definitely was
indispensable
11 常见词汇：Knowing that you are interested in the oil painting, I'm writing to invite you to take part in the activity to be held next week in our community.
升级词汇：Knowing that you are _______________ the oil painting, I'm writing to invite you to ________________ the activity to be held next week in our community.
12 常见词汇：Communicating with your parents will help.
升级词汇：Communicating with your parents _____________________ _______________ solving the problem.
fascinated by
participate in
will contribute to/be beneficial to
13 常见词汇：I'm happy to learn that you will visit China and I will offer you some advice.
升级词汇：I'm ___________ to learn that you will ________________ China and my sincere advice is ____________(如下所示)．
14 常见词汇：Most students like athletes and regard them as models because of their spirit.
升级词汇：Most students _______ athletes and regard them as models because of their _______________________(坚持不懈的精神)．
overjoyed
pay a visit to
as follows
adore
spirit of persistence
15 常见词汇：The spirit of athletes inspires us to try. Thus, we should make a special column.
升级词汇：The spirit of athletes inspires us to _____________________ (尽全力成功). __________________(因此), we should ___________(创建) a special column.
16 常见词汇：I'm outgoing and warm-hearted and I'm good at spoken English, which helps me communicate with others smoothly.
升级词汇：Outgoing and warm-hearted personalities _______________ my _________________ spoken English will _______________ my smooth communication with others.
do our utmost to succeed
As a consequence
establish
combined with
good command of
contribute to
17 常见词汇：I have been a volunteer for the Chinese Painting Exhibition in Suzhou.
升级词汇：I ________________ a volunteer for the Chinese Painting Exhibition in Suzhou.
18 常见词汇：I'd appreciate it if you could offer me the opportunity.
升级词汇：I'd appreciate it if you could __________________________ ______________(考虑我的申请)．
19 常见词汇：Hope you can agree with my application.
升级词汇：Hope my application will ____________________(得到您的批准)．
have served as
take my application into consideration
meet your approval
20 常见词汇：I am writing to apply for the position because I want to improve my English level and accumulate experience.
升级词汇：I am writing to apply for the position, __________________ (为了) improving my English level and accumulating experience.
with the purpose of(共22张PPT)
专题五 应用文写作
破难点
微技能2 句式美化
写作时，句型上的变化也能为文章增添亮点。如下结构或句型常被用作亮眼句型：非谓语、定语从句、名词性从句、无灵主语、倒装、强调句型、省略、状语从句、固定句型等单个或混合式复杂句型。
一、 并列句
1. A beautiful smile can make us happy, and it enables others to feel delighted.
→A beautiful smile can not only make us happy, but (also) enable others to feel delighted.
2. If you always eat hamburgers for meals, you'll get malnourished.
→Don't always eat hamburgers for meals, or (else) you'll get malnourished.
二、 倒装句
1. We can experience the pleasure of working in this way.
→Only in this way can we experience the pleasure of working.
2. I didn't make such great progress in my study until I received your help.
→Not until I received your help did I make such great progress in my study.
3. I am so eager to improve myself that I sincerely apply for this opportunity.
→So eager am I to improve myself that I sincerely apply for this opportunity.
三、 强调句
1. The platform provides them with a chance to experience the charm of Chinese art.
→It is the platform that provides them with a chance to experience the charm of Chinese art.
2. Through this experience I became aware of the meaning of working.
→It was through this experience that I became aware of the meaning of working.
四、 表肯定的否定句
1. Receiving education is the most important in our life.
→Nothing is more important than receiving education in our life.
2. The importance of protecting our eyes should be emphasized.
→We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.
五、 主从复合句
1. In the face of difficulty, we should never give up easily, or we will achieve nothing.
→Whatever difficulty we meet, we should never give up easily, or nothing will be achieved.
2. Respecting the old is part of traditional Chinese culture, and this is universally accepted.
→It's widely/universally accepted that respecting the old is part of traditional Chinese culture.
3. Finally, your passion for teaching is highly favoured.
→What is worth mentioning is that your passion for teaching is highly favoured.
4. Material collecting took us a whole week, and during that time we interviewed our teachers and took pictures of every aspect of school life.
→Material collecting took us a whole week, during which time we interviewed our teachers and took pictures of every aspect of school life.
六、 非谓语动词短语
1. It covers a wide variety of topics to attract senior students and finally leads us into the outer world as a silent friend.
→It covers a wide variety of topics to attract senior students, leading us into the outer world as a silent friend.
2. We are recruiting a student assistant to facilitate the daily teaching work of our foreign teacher Robert, as well as to provide a valuable platform for students to accumulate practical working experience.
→Aiming to facilitate the daily teaching work of our foreign teacher Robert, as well as to provide a valuable platform for students to accumulate practical working experience, we are recruiting a student assistant.
3. I am so delighted to receive your email, but I am fully occupied with making preparations for the coming exam.
→Receiving your email is such a refreshing thing, but I am fully occupied with making preparations for the coming exam.
七、 虚拟语气
1. Additionally, I owe many thanks to my teachers and judges, because with their help, I have done such an excellent job.
→Additionally, I owe many thanks to my teachers and judges, without whose help I couldn't have done such an excellent job.
2. After the experience, I realized the importance of working with our own hands.
→If there had not been the experience, I would not have realized the importance of working with our own hands.
3. It is necessary that both children and parents should take action to make small changes.
→It is high time that both children and parents took/should take action to make small changes.
限时：30分钟
1 Moreover, her belief in my abilities has encouraged me to make progress towards excellence, and motivated me to participate in public speaking.(改为强调句型＋非谓语动词结构)
→_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2 Too much stress not only makes us lose our motivation to study, but also ruins our health.(改为倒装句)
→______________________________________________________________________________________
Moreover, it's her belief in my abilities that has encouraged me to make progress towards excellence, motivating me to participate in public speaking.
Not only does too much stress make us lose our motivation to study, but it can also ruin our health.
3 If we save their natural habitats, we will save endangered species.(改为倒装句)
→_________________________________________________________________________
4 When we are faced with difficulties, we need friends to give us comfort and help.(改为非谓语动词结构)
→_________________________________________________________
Only if we save their natural habitats will we save endangered species.
Faced with difficulties, we need friends to give us comfort and help.
5 Additionally, in a Chinese tea appreciation club you can learn about the history and culture of Chinese tea, as well as participate in tea ceremonies. (改为there be 句型＋定语从句)
→____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
6 The players were exhausted, but they all regarded this competition as a good way of boosting physical quality.(改为倒装句)
→_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Additionally, there is a Chinese tea appreciation club where you can learn about the history and culture of Chinese tea, as well as participate in tea ceremonies.
Exhausted as the players were, they all regarded this competition as a good way of boosting physical quality.
7 It was really a long and difficult race, but I was inspired that most of our classmates participated in it with their persistence.(but后面改为主语从句)
→________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
8 Last Saturday we held a basketball competition. It drew the attention of all the students.(改为定语从句)
→_______________________________________________________________________________________________
It was really a long and difficult race, but what inspired me was that most of our classmates participated in it with their persistence.
Last Saturday we held a basketball competition, which drew the attention of all the students.
9 As a successful and fantastic activity, it attracted all the students and made us relaxed.(介词短语改为形容词短语做状语)
→________________________________________________________________________________________
10 In the warm sunshine, we arrived in our destination on foot, talking and laughing.(介词短语改为非谓语动词结构)
→___________________________________________________________________________________________
Successful and fantastic, the activity attracted all the students and made us relaxed.
Bathed in the warm sunshine, we arrived in our destination on foot, talking and laughing.
11 Everyone is immersed in the charm of nature and this activity definitely offers relaxation to us. (改为独立主格结构)
→_____________________________________________________________________________________________
12 Throughout the week, an exhibition of posters drawn by students themselves was arranged to make practical suggestions on how to save electricity known to the public.(词汇亮化＋改为非谓语动词结构)
→________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Everyone immersed in the charm of nature, this activity definitely offers relaxation to us.
Throughout the week, an exhibition of posters drawn by students themselves was arranged, publicizing practical suggestions on how to save electricity.
13 She also performed well in other courses and is the best student in her class.(词汇亮化＋改为非谓语动词结构)
→_________________________________________________________
14 An expert will give us a lecture about the history and masterpieces of calligraphy.(改为被动语态＋非谓语动词结构)
→_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
She also performed well in other courses, ranking top in her class.
A lecture will be given by an expert to enrich the knowledge about the history and masterpieces of calligraphy.
15 I hope that my recommendation can be helpful.(改为词汇亮化＋强调句型)
→_________________________________________________________
16 Because there is an abundance of vocabulary and precise explanations, it enables you to have a good command of Chinese characters. (从句改为介词短语)
→________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I do hope that my recommendation can be of help to you.
With an abundance of vocabulary and precise explanations, it enables you to have a good command of Chinese characters.
17 While I am reading his magnificent masterpieces, I usually feel free, energetic and confident or sad, lonely and isolated.(改为省略句)
→_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
18 Not any shortcut but constant practice and hard work helped him succeed in mastering English.(改为强调句型)
→__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
While reading his magnificent masterpieces, I usually feel free, energetic and confident or sad, lonely and isolated.
It is not any shortcut but constant practice and hard work that helped him succeed in mastering English.
