2026届高考英语二轮-完形填空之说明文和议论文复习课件(全国通用)(共39张PPT)

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名称 2026届高考英语二轮-完形填空之说明文和议论文复习课件(全国通用)(共39张PPT)
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科目 英语
更新时间 2026-02-28 00:00:00

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(共39张PPT)
考点一 利用文章首段的观点或看法解题
考点二 注重文章尾段的结论解题
考点三 利用段落主题句解题
考点四 利用说明顺序解题
完形填空的其他技巧参看完形填空讲义01
真题动向 考查考生在具体语篇情境中,准确使用词汇的能力
必备知识 知识点1说明文完形填空的特点
知识点2议论文完形填空的特点
知识点3利用文章首段的观点或看法解题
关键能力 根据文章的首段的观点和看法进行推理解题
命题预测 考向 考查上下文语境中,准确使用词汇的能力和逻辑推理能力
析·考情精解
01
构·知能架构
02
破·考点攻坚
03
剖析考情动向 精研考点分布
析·考情精解
part one
01
析·考情精解
命题轨迹透视 从近三年高考试题来看,完形填空有时考说明文和议论文,题目难度适中。命题趋势:在语篇中考查学生快速获取信息的能力,强化语言知识核心素养的培养。 考点频次总结 考点 2023年 2022年
完形填空记叙文 (2023年全国乙卷·完形填空;说明文;254词;人际关系) (2022年浙江卷·完形填空;议论文;266词;诚信)
2026命题预测 预计在2026年高考中,可能会以说明文和议论文为命题情景,考查考生获取信息和逻辑推理的能力,完形填空主要考查学生的逻辑思维能力和语言的得体性。(二轮复习说明文和议论文不可偏废,它们是新课标明确提出的考试体裁) 构·知能架构
part two
02
搭建知识网络 整合能力体系
构·知能架构
破·考点攻坚
part three
03
破解考点规律 攻克解题难关
考点一 利用文章首段的观点或看法解题
真题动向
(2026·浙江省绍兴市柯桥区适应性考试)We all have weaknesses and strengths — no matter who we are. Sometimes the weaknesses seem to outweigh the strengths and sometimes it’s the other way around. Some people get sick easily. Some struggle to 16 their finances properly. Some people are 17 communicators and struggle with relationships.
Many people accept it as just bad 18 — but not everyone. Some people facing huge 19 still manage to achieve surprising things. They 20 above their weaknesses and do not allow them to limit their possibilities.
16.A.manage B.obtain C.share D.Divide
17.A.ridiculous B.forgetful C.useless D.hopeless
考查动词词义辨析。句意:有些人很难妥善打理自己的财务状况。A. manage管理、打理;B. obtain获得;C. share分享;D. divide划分。根据后文“their finances properly”可知,此处指合理管理个人财务,“manage finances”为常用搭配。故选A项。
考查形容词词义辨析。句意:有些人不擅长与人交流,在人际关系上屡屡受挫。A. ridiculous荒谬的;B. forgetful健忘的;C. useless无用的;D. hopeless糟糕的、无望的。根据后文“struggle with relationships”可知,这类人在人际交往方面能力欠缺,“hopeless communicators”表示“不擅长沟通的人”。故选D项。
考点一 利用文章首段的观点或看法解题
真题动向
(2026·浙江省绍兴市柯桥区适应性考试)We all have weaknesses and strengths — no matter who we are. Sometimes the weaknesses seem to outweigh the strengths and sometimes it’s the other way around. Some people get sick easily. Some struggle to 16 their finances properly. Some people are 17 communicators and struggle with relationships.
Many people accept it as just bad 18 — but not everyone. Some people facing huge 19 still manage to achieve surprising things. They 20 above their weaknesses and do not allow them to limit their possibilities.
18.A.impression B.character C.quality D.Fortune
19.A.criticism B.pressure C.limitations D.Losses
考查名词词义辨析。句意:很多人将这些问题归咎于运气不好,但并非所有人都会这样。A. impression印象;B. character性格;C. quality品质;D. fortune运气。根据常识可知,很多人将自身短板归因于运气的原因。故选D项。
考查名词词义辨析。句意:有些人即便面临重重局限,依然能取得令人惊叹的成就。A. criticism批评;B. pressure压力;C. limitations局限;D. losses损失。根据前文提到的各类弱点,以及后文“achieve surprising things”的转折可知,此处指自身条件的局限。故选C项。

说明文和议论文有一个共同特点,文章的首段总是提出要说明的事实或结论或提出论点或提出要解决的问题。根据文章作者提出的结论或论点,可以比较清晰的感悟作者的写作态度和目的,而下文将对其进行详细的说明或进行论证。明察作者的写作思路和态度就能一连串的解决首段一系列的问题,它们是相辅相成的。本题中的We all have weaknesses and strengths — no matter who we are. Sometimes the weaknesses seem to outweigh the strengths and sometimes it’s the other way around. 就是作者的观点,整个后面的文章都围绕这个问题进行阐述,所以这是文章的整体思路,是文章的走势。
考点一 利用文章首段的观点或看法解题
真题动向
Many people accept it as just bad 18 — but not everyone. Some people facing huge 19 still manage to achieve surprising things. They 20 above their weaknesses and do not allow them to limit their possibilities.
20.A.rise B.behave C.operate D.Escape
考查动词词义辨析。句意:他们超越自身弱点,不让这些弱点限制自己的发展可能。A. rise上升、超越;B. behave表现;C. operate运转;D. escape逃离。根据后文“do not allow them to limit their possibilities.”可知,强者能超越自身弱点。故选A项。
必备知识
知识点1 说明文完形填空的特点
考点一 利用文章首段的观点或看法解题
文体特征
说明文往往围绕一个问题从不同的侧面来加以说明,通常结构严谨,句子结构复杂,因此也是高考完形填空题中较难理解的一种文体。其主要特点为:
1. 开头点题
在说明文类的完形填空中,作者一般在文章的首句直接提出说明的对象,这是掌握说明细节的前提。
2. 结构清晰
说明文一般按一定的顺序展开。理清文章的说明顺序,对于正确把握文意和上下文的逻辑关系,选择正确答案具有重要意义。
必备知识
考点一 利用文章首段的观点或看法解题
3.难度较大
说明文往往采用比较正式的文体,表述准确严谨,生词术语较多,句子较长,结构较为复杂。
4.遣词用字简练
说明文一般采用简练的语言,按一定的方法介绍事物的类别、性质、特点、构造、成因、关系或事物的运动变化、发展的过程及其规律。
5.条理清晰
说明文十分讲究条理性,一般采取时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序或认知顺序来说明事物或事理。
必备知识
考点一 利用文章首段的观点或看法解题
应试策略
1. 快速弄清文章大意
对于此类文章我们结合选择项,进行粗读或略读,对文章的大意要先有一个大体的了解。说明文往往生词较多,而题材又比较广泛,所以阅读时,首先要能够掌握文章的大意。
2. 弄清楚说明的顺序
把握了说明顺序,就能准确把握文章的脉络,加强对整篇文章的理解。
3. 把握文章的组织结构,理清事实细节
把握语篇特征对理解文意与答题极为有利。说明性的文章一般都是一篇完整的、意思表达清楚的、逻辑比较严密的短文。在阅读这类文章时,我们一定要仔细研读文章的开头和结尾,从主题句着手,找出支持句,然后寻找文章的结论。这时,我们还要特别注意,不要被表面的一些细节所迷惑,我们在理解细节的基础上,还要斟酌文字的内涵意义,从而对文章进行深层次的理解。
必备知识
考点一 利用文章首段的观点或看法解题
4. 注重上下文语境
应逐句精读短文,逐题分析选项,对特定的语境作深入的理解,克服"思维定势",根据全文大意和词不离句、句不离文的原则逐项填空。
5. 熟练做题方法,遵循四个原则:
(1)上下一致。每个选择项必须从全文出发,从大处着手,避免孤立地分析每一空格,造成误选。
(2)语法正确。从语法地角度去考虑动词的时态、语态以及词类用法。
(3)逻辑合理。在完形填空题中,逻辑推理非常重要,有时每个选择项从语法上讲都正确,但是有的是不合语境逻辑的。
(4)符合搭配。英语中固定搭配很多,需要熟练掌握,才能做好此类题目。
必备知识
知识点2 议论文完形填空的特点
考点一 利用文章首段的观点或看法解题
文体特征
议论文都是由论点(作者的观点,也就是被证明的对象、论据(用来证明论点的依据,是说明论点的理由和材料)和论证(运用论据证明论点的过程与方法),这三个要素构成的,这也是一个提出问题——分析问题——解决问题的过程。因此,典型的议论文一般就由序论(提出问题,即what)、本论(分析问题,即why)和结论(解决问题,即how)三个部分构成,其具体的结构模式又有以下三种:
模式一:引言段(提出观点)——正方论点心(支持作者的观点的较弱论点)、正方论点2(支持作者的观点的较强论点)、正方论点3(支持作者观点的最强论点)——结论段(总结+解决方法,论断或建议) 在这种模式中,文章主体段(中间部分)的每一个部分论述一个论点,这些论点以其重要性按序排列,最有力、最重要的论点在最后面,以示强调。
必备知识
考点一 利用文章首段的观点或看法解题
模式二:引言段(提出观点)——反面意见(反方观点+作者的反驳)、正方论点1(支持作者观点的较弱论点)、正方论点2(支持作者观点的较强论点)、正方论点3(支持作者观点的最强论点)——结论段(总结+解决方法,论断或建议)
在这种模式中,文章立体段的一开始就提出对立方的反面意见及作者对这种意见的反驳,以后各部分仍分别陈述作者的不同论点。
模式三:引言段(提出观点)——反方观点1+进行反驳的正方论点、反方观点2+进行反驳的正方论点、反方观点3+进行反驳的正方论点——结论段(总结+解决方法,论断或建议)
在这种模式中,作者在文章主体段的每一部分都先提出一个反面观点,然后再进行反驳。
必备知识
考点一 利用文章首段的观点或看法解题
议论文有自己的语言个性,它不同于记叙文的生动形象,也不同于说明文的简明易懂。议论是对具体事物、事理作出的理论上分析与阐述,因此,它的语言自然客观的、抽象的、概括的。同时,它的语言也很准确,合乎逻辑。文中会较多地使用,诸如since(既然),now that(既然),therefore(因而),in that case(在那种情况下),so(所以),It follows that…(因而…),If…,we may conclude that …(如果……,我们可以这样下结论……),Should it be the case (如果是这样的话……),I don’t want to…,but…(我并不想……),It is true that…,but…(诚然……但是……),Even if …(即使……)等有辩论和推理含义的连接和过渡词语与结构,以增强语言的准确性和逻辑性。此外,作者的写作态度一般也较诚恳,在文章中通常使用的是与读者平等交流的语气,不会给人以居高临下、以势居人、逼人接受的感觉,在遣词造句方面多使用虚拟语气、让步状语从句和can, may, might, could, would, should等情态动词。
必备知识
考点一 利用文章首段的观点或看法解题
应试策略
技巧一 把握首句
议论文完形填空的首句一般是主旨句,作者通常在首段提出总论点,然后在每段的首句提出分论点。
技巧二 依据结构查论点
文章论点提出一般有以下三种。
开门见山:直接提出论点,然后用正反、对比、举例等论据加以论证,最后总结全文。
抛砖引玉:先通过叙述生活中的一件事情或现象,不表明自己的观点,而是通过对具体现象的分析,最后得出结论。
文末总结:先列举生活中的现象,不表明自己的观点,而是通过对具体现象的分析,最后得出结论。
技巧三 末段结论
议论文的尾段就是结论,也是对论点的照应。
必备知识
考点一 利用文章首段的观点或看法解题
说明文和议论文有一个共同特点,文章的首段总是提出要说明的事实或结论或提出论点或提出要解决的问题。根据文章作者提出的结论或论点,可以比较清晰的感悟作者的写作态度和目的,而下文将对其进行详细的说明或进行论证。明察作者的写作思路和态度就能一连串的解决首段一系列的问题,它们是相辅相成的。
知识点3 利用文章首段的观点或看法解题
命题预测
考点一 利用文章首段的观点或看法解题
1.(江西省九江市高三一模)
If you want to stand out, 10,000 hours of training will take you much further than your natural abilities. Mozart is considered by many as the greatest composer who ever lived. Traditionally, many people 1 outstanding achievements like Mozart’s are due to talent, or even inborn inspiration or 2 .
This assumption holds especially true for child prodigies (神童) like Mozart whose music talent 3 the world at the age of six. But looking more 4 at this phenomenon, we find that these individuals actually had to practice countless hours before showing their 5 remarkable talent. In fact, scientists indicate that a prodigy’s training typically 6 at a very early age, with massive time invested in practice.
1.A.admit B.assume C.realize D.Hope
2.A.motivation B.progress C.fate D.determination
本文是议论文。文章主要通过讨论和分析莫扎特等天才的例子,来论证一个观点,即出色的能力并非仅来源于天赋,而是需要大量的严格练习。
考查动词词义辨析。句意:传统上,许多人认为像莫扎特这样的杰出成就是由于天赋,甚至是天生的灵感或命运。A. admit承认;B. assume认为;C. realize认识到;D. hope希望。根据前文“Mozart is considered by many as the greatest composer who ever lived.”可知,莫扎特被许多人认为是有史以来最伟大的作曲家,所以许多人认为像莫扎特这样的杰出成就是由于天赋。故选B项。
考查名词词义辨析。句意:传统上,许多人认为像莫扎特这样的杰出成就是由于天赋,甚至是天生的灵感或命运。A. motivation动机;B. progress进展;C. fate命运;D. determination决心。根据前文“due to talent, or even inborn inspiration or”可知,空处和talent以及inborn inspiration并列,结合选项,应是“fate命运”符合语境。故选C项。
命题预测
考点一 利用文章首段的观点或看法解题
1.(江西省九江市高三一模)
If you want to stand out, 10,000 hours of training will take you much further than your natural abilities. Mozart is considered by many as the greatest composer who ever lived. Traditionally, many people 1 outstanding achievements like Mozart’s are due to talent, or even inborn inspiration or 2 .
This assumption holds especially true for child prodigies (神童) like Mozart whose music talent 3 the world at the age of six. But looking more 4 at this phenomenon, we find that these individuals actually had to practice countless hours before showing their 5 remarkable talent. In fact, scientists indicate that a prodigy’s training typically 6 at a very early age, with massive time invested in practice.
3.A.amazed B.excited C.questioned D.Scared
4.A.slowly B.hurriedly C.widely D.closely
考查副词词义辨析。句意:但仔细观察这现象,我们发现这些人实际上必须练习无数个小时才能展示他们所谓的非凡才能。A. slowly缓慢地;B. hurriedly匆匆忙忙地;C. widely广泛地;D. closely紧密地。根据后文“we find that these individuals actually had to practice countless hours before showing their ____remarkable talent.”可知,发现了一个结论,应是仔细观察这现象才能得出。故选D项。
考查动词词义辨析。句意:这种假设对于像莫扎特这样的神童来说尤其正确,他的音乐天赋在6岁时就让世界惊叹不已。A. amazed使惊奇;B. excited使兴奋;C. questioned质询;D. scared使害怕。根据后文“the world at the age of six.”可知,6岁展现的天赋应是让世界惊叹不已。故选A项。
本题中的If you want to stand out, 10,000 hours of training will take you much further than your natural abilities.就是作者的观点,整个后面的文章都围绕这个问题进行阐述,所以这是文章的整体思路,是文章的走势。
命题预测
考点一 利用文章首段的观点或看法解题
This assumption holds especially true for child prodigies (神童) like Mozart whose music talent 3 the world at the age of six. But looking more 4 at this phenomenon, we find that these individuals actually had to practice countless hours before showing their 5 remarkable talent. In fact, scientists indicate that a prodigy’s training typically 6 at a very early age, with massive time invested in practice.
5.A.old-fashioned B.so-called C.well-organized D.newly-discovered
6.A.begins B.exists C.ends D.grows
考查动词词义辨析。句意:事实上,科学家指出,神童的训练通常在很小的时候就开始了,并投入了大量的时间在练习上。A. begins开始;B. exists存在;C. ends结束;D. grows生长。根据后文“with massive time invested in practice”可知,投入了大量的时间在练习上,所以是训练很早就开始了。故选A项。
考查形容词词义辨析。句意:但仔细观察这一现象,我们发现这些人实际上必须练习无数个小时才能展示他们所谓的非凡才能。A. old-fashioned过时的;B. so-called所谓的;C. well-organized有序的;D. newly-discovered新发现的。根据主语“these individuals”可知,这些人指的是前文提到的神童,所以应是他们“所谓的非凡才能”符合语境。故选B项。
2. (辽宁省鞍山市普通高中高三第二次质量监测节选)
Reducing the use of plastic is a balance between what you can afford and what you can get. I’ve ___ 41___ a lot from a plastic-free lifestyle. It helps me ___42 ___ my carbon footprint and save money.
41.A.heard B.benefited C.received D.Suffered
42.A.record B.rebuild C.reduce D.recall
命题预测
考点一 利用文章首段的观点或看法解题
根据前文“I’ve benefit a lot from a plastic-free lifestyle. (我从无塑料的生活方式中受益良多。)”可知是“减少”碳足迹.A. record记录;B. rebuild重建;C. reduce减少;D. recall召回。故选C。
根据下文“save money(省钱)”,可知作者从无塑料的生活方式中“获益”。A. heard听说;B. benefited受益;C. received收到;D. suffered遭受。故选B。
本题易错选B以为是词汇复现,根据说明文的特点此空后面的句子They have studied the problem for years, but the exact causes are still not fully understood.是对空中名词的解释,根据句意:他们多年来一直研究该问题,但其确切原因仍未完全阐明,可知选puzzle。
(2026·河北省保定市月考)The more research that can be done, the 40 . For now, we can only do what we can to keep our oceans clean and 41 . Whale strandings remain a great 42 to scientists. They have studied the problem for years, but the exact causes are still not fully understood. Human activities, such as ocean pollution and noise, may 43 the situation worse. Every stranding event reminds us that humans should treat marine life with 44 . We need to learn to live in harmony with the ocean and all the creatures that 45 in it.
40.A.safer B.better C.clearer D.Easier
41.A.quiet B.calm C.healthy D.safe
考点二 注重文章尾段的结论解题
真题动向
考查形容词词义辨析。句意:目前,我们只能尽我们所能保持海洋清洁和健康。A. quiet安静的;B. calm平静的;C. healthy健康的;D. safe安全的。呼应“clean”可知,此处指让海洋清洁和健康。故选C。
考查形容词词义辨析。句意:能做的研究越多,情况就越好。A. safer更安全的;B. better更好的;C. clearer更清楚的;D. easier更容易的。根据下文“For now, we can only do what we can to keep our oceans clean”可知,研究做的越多,情况就越好,因为可以采取现有的措施保护海洋。故选B。
(2026·河北省保定市月考)The more research that can be done, the 40 . For now, we can only do what we can to keep our oceans clean and 41 . Whale strandings remain a great 42 to scientists. They have studied the problem for years, but the exact causes are still not fully understood. Human activities, such as ocean pollution and noise, may 43 the situation worse. Every stranding event reminds us that humans should treat marine life with 44 . We need to learn to live in harmony with the ocean and all the creatures that 45 in it.
42.A.puzzle B.problem C.danger D.Loss
43.A.take B.turn C.get D.make
考点二 注重文章尾段的结论解题
真题动向
考查形容词词义辨析。句意:鲸鱼搁浅对科学家来说仍然是一个很大的谜团。A. puzzle谜团;B. problem问题;C. danger危险;D. loss损失。根据后文“They have studied the problem for years, but the exact causes are still not fully understood.”可知,搁浅对科学家而言是未解之谜。故选A。
考查动词词义辨析。句意:人类活动,如海洋污染和噪音,可能会使情况变得更糟。A. take拿、取;B. turn转变;C. get变得;D. make使、让。“make+宾语+形容词”为固定结构,意为“使……处于某种状态”,结合上文“ Human activities, such as ocean pollution and noise”可知,此处表示人类活动使搁浅情况更糟,符合语法及语境。故选D。
(2026·河北省保定市月考)The more research that can be done, the 40 . For now, we can only do what we can to keep our oceans clean and 41 . Whale strandings remain a great 42 to scientists. They have studied the problem for years, but the exact causes are still not fully understood. Human activities, such as ocean pollution and noise, may 43 the situation worse. Every stranding event reminds us that humans should treat marine life with 44 . We need to learn to live in harmony with the ocean and all the creatures that 45 in it.
44.A.care B.respect C.interest D.Patience
45.A.swim B.exist C.live D.grow
考点二 注重文章尾段的结论解题
真题动向
44.考查名词词义辨析。句意:每一次搁浅事件都提醒我们,人类应该尊重海洋生物。A. care关心;B. respect尊重;C. interest兴趣;D. patience耐心。结合后文“We need to learn to live in harmony with the ocean”可知,人类应尊重海洋生物,“尊重”是和谐共处的前提。故选B。
考查动词词义辨析。句意:我们需要学会与海洋以及生活在其中的所有生物和谐共处。A. swim游泳;B. exist存在;C. live生活、居住;D. grow生长。live in意为“生活在……中”,侧重生物在海洋中的生存状态,符合海洋生活生活在海洋的语境。故选C。
考点二 注重文章尾段的结论解题
真题动向
说明文和议论文的尾段往往给我们传递非常重要的信息,常常是议论文得出的结论,而这个结论往往也是积极向上的,说明文会在尾段进一步总结,它们能反映作者的态度和情感。因此,利用好尾段信息对完形填空解题很有帮助。本文中的Every stranding event reminds us that humans should treat marine life with 44 . We need to learn to live in harmony with the ocean and all the creatures that 45 in it.就是文章的结论,文章的中心句。
必备知识
说明文和议论文的尾段往往给我们传递非常重要的信息,常常是议论文得出的结论,而这个结论往往也是积极向上的,说明文会在尾段进一步总结,它们能反映作者的态度和情感。因此,利用好尾段信息对完形填空解题很有帮助。
注重文章尾段的结论解题
考点二 注重文章尾段的结论解题
(河南省洛阳市高三开学联考)
Thankfully, the gender 13 has improved since I first started. Now, I have several female engineers working in my team. As the head, I get a thrill from 14 people in roles and on projects according to their abilities and seeing them achieve great results. Helping a person 15 by focusing on her strengths gives me a huge amount of satisfaction.
13.A.characteristic B.role C.balance D.Preference
14.A.placing B.inspiring C.concerning D.Updating
命题预测
考查名词词义辨析。句意:值得庆幸的是,自从我开始工作以来,性别平衡已经有所改善。A. characteristic特点;B. role角色;C. balance平衡;D. preference偏爱。根据下文“Now, I have several female engineers working in my team.”可知,现在作者的团队里已经不止一个女性了,也就是说性别平衡已经有所改善。故选C。
考查动词词义辨析。句意:作为主管,根据人们的能力分配他们的角色和项目,并看到他们取得了巨大的成果,这让我感到兴奋。A. placing放置;B. inspiring激励;C. concerning与……有关;D. updating更新。根据下文“in roles and on projects according to their abilities”可知,是根据人们的能力将人们分配不同的角色和项目。故选A。
考点二 注重文章尾段的结论解题
(河南省洛阳市高三开学联考)
Thankfully, the gender 13 has improved since I first started. Now, I have several female engineers working in my team. As the head, I get a thrill from 14 people in roles and on projects according to their abilities and seeing them achieve great results. Helping a person 15 by focusing on her strengths gives me a huge amount of satisfaction.
15.A.explore B.develop C.compete D.Qualify
命题预测
考查动词词义辨析。句意:通过关注一个人的优势来帮助她发展,这给了我巨大的满足感。A. explore探索;B. develop发展;C. compete完成;D. qualify取得资格。根据上文“As the head, I get a thrill from___14___people in roles and on projects according to their abilities and seeing them achieve great results.”可知,作者看到了别人的优点而给他们分配了适合的角色和项目,并看到他们取得了巨大的成就。由此可知,作者是通过关注一个人的优势而帮助她发展。故选B。
考点二 注重文章尾段的结论解题
本文中的Helping a person develop by focusing on her strengths gives me a huge amount of satisfaction. 就是文章的结论,文章的中心句。
(2026·江苏省扬州市七校月考)
One commitment is to respect standards of academic excellence when evaluating scholarship. When Princeton decides whether to hire or 2 professors, we evaluate their scholarship by 3 to the standards of their disciplines, not by whether their work is popular with the public, government officials, or powerful interest groups. We expect faculty members and students to 4 the truth not to the preferences of the public or powerful groups.
……
That brings me to another of the commitments that define scholarly communities. We treat 11 disagreement as desirable and beneficial. When people ask hard but fair questions about our ideas, we should regard their 12 as a compliment (赞誉). It means they are taking your ideas seriously. New generations of scientists replace older theories with better ones.
……
Finally, Let me mention one other principle that is 15 to this and other scholarly communities. That's a commitment to honesty.
2.A.contradict B.promote C.persuade D.investigate
3.A.permanence B.assumption C.engagement D.reference
考点三 利用段落主题句解题
真题动向
考查动词词义辨析。句意:当普林斯顿大学决定是否聘用或提升教授时,我们会根据他们学科的标准来评估他们的学术成就,而不是根据他们的工作是否受到公众、政府官员或强大的利益集团的欢迎。A. contradict 反驳;B. promote 晋升;C. persuade 说服;D. investigate 调查。与hire(聘用)并列,应选“晋升”,都是指教授的职业发展相关动作,故选B。
考查名词词义辨析。句意:同上。A. permanence 永久;B. assumption 假设;C. engagement 参与;D. reference 参考。根据下文“to the standards of their disciplines”可知是参考标准,by reference to 为固定搭配,意为“参照,依据”,符合语境,故选D。
(2026·江苏省扬州市七校月考)
One commitment is to respect standards of academic excellence when evaluating scholarship. When Princeton decides whether to hire or 2 professors, we evaluate their scholarship by 3 to the standards of their disciplines, not by whether their work is popular with the public, government officials, or powerful interest groups. We expect faculty members and students to 4 the truth not to the preferences of the public or powerful groups.
……
That brings me to another of the commitments that define scholarly communities. We treat 11 disagreement as desirable and beneficial. When people ask hard but fair questions about our ideas, we should regard their 12 as a compliment (赞誉). It means they are taking your ideas seriously. New generations of scientists replace older theories with better ones.
4.A.be attached to B.be loyal to C.be critical to D.be glued to
……
11.A.desperate B.comprehensive C.respectful D.optimistic
考点三 利用段落主题句解题
真题动向
考查形容词短语辨析。句意:我们期望教师和学生忠于真理,而非迎合公众或权势集团的偏好。A. be attached to 依恋;B. be loyal to 忠于;C. be critical to 对……关键;D. be glued to 粘在。根据下文“not to the preferences of the public or powerful groups. ”,可知期望教师和学生“忠于真理”,而不是迎合公众或权势集团的偏好,故选B。
考查形容词词义辨析。句意:我们将尊重的分歧视为可取且有益的。A. desperate 绝望的;B. comprehensive 全面的;C. respectful 尊重的;D. optimistic 乐观的。根据下文“disagreement ”和常识可知学术分歧应基于相互尊重,故选C。
That brings me to another of the commitments that define scholarly communities. We treat 11 disagreement as desirable and beneficial. When people ask hard but fair questions about our ideas, we should regard their 12 as a compliment (赞誉). It means they are taking your ideas seriously. New generations of scientists replace older theories with better ones.
……
Finally, Let me mention one other principle that is 15 to this and other scholarly communities. That's a commitment to honesty.
12.A.guarantee B.property C.inquiry D.Superiority
……
15.A.fundamental B.primitive C.dynamic D.subsequent
考点三 利用段落主题句解题
真题动向
考查名词词义辨析。句意:当人们对我们的观点提出尖锐但公平的问题时,我们应将他们的询问视为一种赞誉。A. guarantee 保证;B. property 财产;C. inquiry 询问;D. superiority 优越。根据上文的“hard but fair questions”,即询问,故选C。
考查形容词词义辨析。句意:最后,让我提一下另一个对这个和其他学术社区至关重要的原则。A. fundamental 根本的;B. primitive 原始的;C. dynamic 动态的;D. subsequent 随后的。根据后文“That's a commitment to honesty. ”可知诚信是学术社区的“根本”原则,故选A。
真题动向
说明文和议论文的语言组织结构很严谨,句子之间的逻辑关系紧凑,层次分明。因此,段落中的主题句总是统领整个段落,段中的所有的说明和论述都会围绕题展开。所以,整段内的选项要侧重主题句的思想选择,这样成功率很高。
【提醒】第一段的主题句One commitment is to respect standards of academic excellence when evaluating scholarship. 第二段主题句We treat 11 disagreement as desirable and beneficial. 第三段主题句That's a commitment to honesty,后面的选项都统领在其语境的范围内,都侧重主题句的方向选即可。
考点三 利用段落主题句解题
必备知识
说明文和议论文的语言组织结构很严谨,句子之间的逻辑关系紧凑,层次分明。因此,段落中的主题句总是统领整个段落,段中的所有的说明和论述都会围绕题展开。所以,整段内的选项要侧重主题句的思想选择,这样成功率很高。
利用段落主题句解题
考点三 利用段落主题句解题
Be someone else. Look at the situation from a _____53_____ point of view. Good writers use this technique. Fiction writers often imagine they are the _____54_____ in their books. If your goal involves other people, put yourself in their _____55_____. The best fishermen think like fish!
53.A.personal B.global C.different D.Positive
54.A.features B.themes C.creatures D.Characters
55.A.locations B.positions C.images D.impressions
命题预测
根据下文的The best fishermen think like fish!可知,渔民把自己放在了鱼的位置,故此处用“位置”符合语境。A. locations定位;B. positions位置;C. images形象;D. impressions印象。故选B。
根据上文的Be someone else.可知,此处是指站在他人的角度看待问题,即不同的视角。A. personal个人的;B. global全球的;C. different不同的;D. positive积极的。故选C。
考点三 利用段落主题句解题
根据上文的Be someone else.和常识可知,小说家常常把自己当作书中的角色。A. features特点;B. themes主题;C. creatures生物;D. characters角色。故选D。
【提醒】此处Be someone else是主题句,后面的选项都统领在其语境的范围内,都侧重主题句的方向选即可。
(2025·黑龙江省大庆外国语学校高三第一次教学质量检测)
After studying architecture in Chaux-de-Fonds, the young Le Corbusier 4 his hometown, travelling to Italy then on to Budapest and Vienna. He 5 came to Paris and settled there for years. Later, he learned German in order to 6 a job in the Berlin office of Peter Behrens, who is often referred to as the first ever industrial designer.
4.A.left B.missed C.remember D.mentioned
5.A.suddenly B.eventually C.secretly D.casually
6.A.offer B.arrange C.cancel D.land
考点四 利用说明顺序解题
真题动向
考查动词词义辨析。句意:在拉绍德封学习建筑后,年轻的勒·柯布西耶离开了他的家乡,前往意大利,然后前往布达佩斯和维也纳。A. left离开;B. missed错过;C. remember记得;D. mentioned提及。根据下文“travelling to Italy then on to Budapest and Vienna”可知,柯布西耶前往意大利、布达佩斯和维也纳,因此是离开了他的家乡。故选A。
考查副词词义辨析。句意:他最终来到巴黎,并在那里定居多年。A. suddenly突然地;B. eventually最终;C. secretly秘密地;D. casually随意地。上文“the young Le Corbusier ____4____ his hometown, travelling to Italy then on to Budapest and Vienna”和下文“settled there for years”是按照时间顺序介绍柯布西耶的个人经历,由此推知,此处指他最终来到巴黎并定居。故选B。
考查动词词义辨析。句意:后来,为了在通常被称为史上第一个工业设计师的彼得·贝伦斯的柏林办公室谋得一份工作,他学习了德语。A. offer提供;B. arrange安排;C. cancel取消;D. land谋得。根据上文“he learned German”可知,柯布西耶学习了德语,再结合下文“a job in the Berlin office of Peter Behrens, who is often referred to as the first ever industrial designer”可推知,他学习德语的目的是在著名的彼得·贝伦斯的柏林办公室谋得一份工作。故选D。
必备知识
知识点 利用说明顺序解题
考点四 利用说明顺序解题
利用说明顺序(即逻辑顺序、时间顺序、空间顺序等)解英语完形填空时,可以遵循以下系统方法:
1. 通读全文,把握说明结构
目的:快速理解文章主题和说明逻辑(如因果、步骤、对比等)。
技巧:重点读首段、尾段及每段首句,标注关键词(如first, however, therefore等)。
2. 分析空格上下文逻辑
时间顺序:空格处可能需填时间标志词(before, after, finally)或动词时态。
例:若前文是"First, heat the water",后文可能是"Next, add the tea leaves."
因果顺序:空格可能是结果(thus, consequently)或原因(due to, because)。
对比/递进:注意however, similarly, moreover等逻辑词。
必备知识
知识点 利用说明顺序解题
考点四 利用说明顺序解题
3. 常见考点总结
说明顺序类型 典型线索词 解题方向
时间顺序 first, then, finally 填时间副词或动作顺序词
因果顺序 because, so, therefore 填原因/结果相关词
对比顺序 but, however, whereas 填反义词或转折词
举例顺序 for example, such as 填具体事例或概括词
How long can human beings live Most scientists who study old age think that the human body is 1 _______to live no longer than 120 years. However,110 years is probably the longest that anyone could hope to live-if he or she is 2_______ healthy and lucky. Some scientists even say we can live as long as 130 years! Yet, our cells simply cannot continue to reproduce 3_______. They wear out, and as a result , we get old and 4 ______die .
1. A. designed B. selected C. improved D. discovered
2. A. completely B. generally C. apparently D. extremely
3. A. rapidly B. harmlessly C. endlessly D. separately
4. A. eventually B. hopelessly C. automatically D. desperately
命题预测
根据上下文可知,此处表示110岁很可能是任何一个人可能会希望活的最长的时间了——如果一个人极其健康和幸运的话,extremely“极度,极其”。
这里表示人类细胞不能永无止境地自我繁殖,所以人才会变老。endlessly“无止况地,无限地”。
此处表示我们人体的设计就是最长活到120岁。design“设计”。
考点四 利用说明顺序解题
get old的最终结果就是死亡,因此用eventually表示“最终”。