【弯道超车】Unit 1 Past and present 核心考点(单词+短语+句型+语法)-2026年春译林版(2024)八年级英语下册精讲精练 (含答案解析)

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名称 【弯道超车】Unit 1 Past and present 核心考点(单词+短语+句型+语法)-2026年春译林版(2024)八年级英语下册精讲精练 (含答案解析)
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/ 让学习更有效 新课备课备考 | 英语学科
/ 让学习更有效 新课备课备考 | 英语学科
2026年春译林版(2024)八年级英语下册核心考点精讲精练
Unit 1 Past and present
核心词汇
1. 课标三级词汇(必考重点)
分类 词汇 词性 释义 常见搭配/短语
时间概念 past n. 过去 in the past(在过去)
present n. 现在 at present(现在)
since prep./conj. 自从 since then(从那时起)
变化相关 change v./n. 变化;改变 changes over the years(多年来的变化)
develop v. 发展 develop into(发展成)
improve v. 改善;提高 improve the situation(改善情形)
realize v. 意识到 realize the problem(意识到问题)
交通相关 transport n. 交通 transport at different times(不同时代的交通)
form n. 形式 different forms of transport(不同的交通形式)
underground n. 地铁 take the underground(乘地铁)
bus n. 公交车 on the bus(在公交车上)
by bike 骑自行车 used to go to school by bike(过去常常骑自行车上学)
居住相关 northern adj. 北方的 in the northern part of town(在城镇的北部)
married adj. 已婚的 get married(结婚)
block n. 街区 move two blocks away(搬离了两个街区)
area n. 区域 live in this area(住在这个区域)
环境相关 pollution n. 污染 Was pollution a problem then (那个时候污染是一个问题么?)
factory n. 工厂 steel factory(钢铁厂)
waste n. 废料 put the waste into the river(把垃圾投放到河里)
situation n. 情形 improve the situation(改善情形)
人际交往 lonely adj. 孤独的 feel a bit lonely(感到一些孤单)
interview n./v. 采访 an interview with sb.(与某人的采访)
recently adv. 最近 Where have you been recently (你最近去哪儿了?)
方位表达 north n. 北方 in the north of(在……的北部)
south n. 南方 in the south of China(在中国南方)
east n. 东方 in eastern China(在中国的东部)
west n. 西方 the western part of(……的西部)
2. 不规则动词过去分词(本单元重点)
原形 过去式 过去分词 原形 过去式 过去分词
hit hit hit hurt hurt hurt
learn learnt/learned learnt/learned hear heard heard
get got got/gotten sit sat sat
make made made spill spilt spilt
feel felt felt ring rang rung
sing sang sung eat ate eaten
fall fell fallen see saw seen
give gave given steal stole stolen
break broke broken do did done
go went gone come came come
run ran run grow grew grown
ride rode ridden write wrote written
核心短语
1. 必背短语
短语 释义 课文例句/拓展例句
in the past 在过去 In the past, people used to write letters.(过去人们常常写信。)
over the years 这些年来 do a history project on the changes in Beijing over the years(做一个关于北京这些年变化的历史项目)
used to do sth. 过去常常做某事 *You used to share food with me. *(你以前经常和我分享食物。)
take turns to do sth. 轮流做某事 take turns to talk about it(轮流去讨论它)
know a lot about 很了解 know a lot about Sunshine Town(很了解阳光城)
get married 结婚 get married in 1996(1996年结婚)
move away 搬走 Most of my old friends have moved away.(我大多数的老朋友已经搬走了。)
from time to time 偶尔 I feel a bit lonely from time to time.(我偶尔感到一些孤单。)
take action 采取行动 The government took action to improve the situation.(政府采取行动去改善这个情形。)
in some ways 在某些方面 In some ways, life is better now.(在某些方面,现在的生活更好了。)
keep in touch with 与……保持联系 keep in touch with each other(和彼此保持联系)
make a living 谋生 Most families made a living by fishing.(大多数家庭以捕鱼为生。)
attract sb. to do sth. 吸引某人做某事 It has attracted millions of people to work and live here.(它吸引了数百万人来这里工作和生活。)
millions of 数百万的 millions of tourists(数百万游客)
as a result 结果 As a result, we are studying much more actively.(结果,我们学习更积极了。)
2. 短语速查表
分类 短语 释义
时间表达 at that time 那个时候
since then 自从那个时候起
in the past ten years 在过去十年里
over the past 40 years 在过去的40年里
交通出行 by bus/train/plane 乘公交车/火车/飞机
take the underground 乘地铁
ride a bike 骑自行车
居住生活 live in the northern part of town 住在城镇的北部
move to another city 搬到另一个城市
all one's life 一生
环境变化 turn into 变成
put waste into 把废料投入
realize the problem 意识到问题
improve the situation 改善情形
人际交往 write a report on 写一篇关于……的报道
interview sb. to get information 采访某人获取信息
communicate with 与……交流
数量表达 hundreds of 数百的
thousands of 数千的
核心句型
1. 描述过去与现在的对比
*In the past, there were always too many people on the bus. It took a long time to wait for the next one. *(过去,公交车上总是有很多人。等下一辆车要花很长时间。)—— there be + 描述过去状况
*Now, times have changed. People can take the underground, the taxi or the high-speed train to get around. *(现在时代变了。人们可以乘地铁、出租车或高铁出行。)—— times have changed + 现在的情况
*In the past, Shenzhen was a small fishing village. But now, it has developed into a high-tech hub. *(过去,深圳是一个小渔村。但现在,它已经发展成为一个高科技中心。)
2. 现在完成时的核心句型
*I've lived here since I was born. *(我自从出生就住在这里。)
*Have you ever moved house *(你曾经搬过家么?)
*The city has attracted millions of people to work and live here for more than 40 years. *(四十多年来,这座城市吸引了数百万人来这里工作和生活。)
*So far, red tourism has developed quickly. *(到目前为止,红色旅游业发展迅速。)
*He has been in love with music since he was a little boy. *(从小他就爱上了音乐。)
3. used to 句型(描述过去的习惯)
*You used to share food with me. *(你以前经常和我分享食物。)
*You used to be so kind to me. *(你曾经对我如此善良。)
*My father used to ride a bike to work, but now he drives a car. *(我爸爸过去骑自行车上班,但现在开车。)
*I used to feel lonely, but now I have many friends. *(我过去感到孤独,但现在我有很多朋友。)
4. 课文经典句型(关于阳光镇的变化)
*I've lived here in the northern part of town with my parents. *(我和父母住在城镇的北部。)
*We've lived in this area since then. *(我们自从那个时候就住在这个区域。)
*There was once a steel factory near Sunshine River. They often put the waste into the river. *(阳光河附近曾经有一个钢铁厂。他们经常把废料倒入河里。)
*Later the government realized the problem and took action to improve the situation. Now the river is much cleaner. *(后来政府意识到了问题并采取行动改善情形。现在河流干净多了。)
*It has become impossible to see my old friends as often as before. I feel a bit lonely from time to time. *(现在不可能像以前那样经常见到我的老朋友了。我偶尔感到一些孤单。)
*It's nice to have a beautiful modern town. *(拥有一个美丽的现代化城镇真好。)
5. 描述变化的优美表达
*Times have changed. *(时代已经变了。)
*Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past ten years. *(我的家乡在过去十年里发生了巨大的变化。)
*My hometown is becoming more and more beautiful. *(我的家乡变得越来越美丽了。)
*Over the years, our hometown has changed a lot. *(这些年来,我们的家乡变化很大。)
*The 24 Solar Terms show us how to live with nature – by understanding its changes and following its laws. *(二十四节气向我们展示了如何与自然相处——通过理解它的变化,遵循它的规律。)—— 比喻性表达
6. 宾语从句(描述认知变化)
*They helped them understand why things happened at certain times, and how they should react. *(它们帮助人们理解为什么事情会在特定时间发生,以及他们应该如何应对。)
*Do you know where the real Flaming Mountains are *(你知道真正的火焰山在哪里吗?)
7. 时间标志词与现在完成时
标志词 用法 例句
since since + 时间点/从句 I have lived here since 2010.
for for + 时间段 He has worked here for 10 years.
already 已经(肯定句) I have already finished my homework.
yet 尚未(否定/疑问句) Have you finished your homework yet
ever 曾经(疑问句) Have you ever been to Beijing
never 从未(否定句) I have never seen such a beautiful view.
so far 到目前为止 So far, we have learned 500 new words.
recently 最近 I haven't seen him recently.
语法聚焦
本单元的核心语法是现在完成时,这是初中阶段最重要的时态之一,用于连接过去与现在。
1. 现在完成时的基本用法
用法 说明 例句(本单元语境)
表示影响 过去发生的动作对现在造成影响或结果 I have seen the film.(我已经看过这部电影了——知道内容)
表示持续 过去开始的动作或状态持续到现在 I have lived here since I was born.(我自从出生就住在这里)
表示经历 表示到目前为止的经历(曾经历过某事) Have you ever moved house (你曾经搬过家吗?)
表示完成 表示到目前为止已经完成的事 My sister has learnt English for 3 years.(我妹妹已经学英语三年了)
2. 现在完成时的基本结构
句型 结构 例句
肯定句 主语 + have/has + 过去分词 They have moved away.
否定句 主语 + haven't/hasn't + 过去分词 I haven't seen him recently.
一般疑问句 Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词? Have you ever been to Shanghai
特殊疑问句 疑问词 + have/has + 主语 + 过去分词? How long has he lived here
3. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
对比维度 现在完成时 一般过去时
时间关联 过去→现在(有关联) 仅过去(无关联)
标志词 over the years, since, for, already, yet, ever, never, so far last week, in 2020, yesterday, ...ago
原句示例 I have lived here for 3 years.(现在还住在这里) I lived there in 2020.(现在不住那里了)
错误示例 I have finished it yesterday. I finished it yesterday.
4. 现在完成时的标志词分类
类别 标志词 例句
持续类 for + 时间段, since + 时间点/从句 I have known him for 5 years.
经历类 ever, never, twice, before I have never been to the USA.
结果类 already, yet, so far I have already finished my homework.
5. 延续性动词与非延续性动词
类别 说明 例句对比
延续性动词 可以和时间段连用 He has lived here for 10 years.
非延续性动词 不能和时间段连用,需转换为延续性动词 He has arrived for 2 hours. He has been here for 2 hours.
常用非延续性动词转换:
buy → have
borrow → keep
leave → be away (from)
arrive/get to/reach → be in/at
die → be dead
join → be in/be a member of
marry → be married
6. 现在完成时的常见易错点
错误 正确 说明
I have joined the club last week. I joined the club last week. last week 是一般过去时标志
Have you ever saw the new library Have you ever seen the new library 现在完成时需要过去分词
She has gone to school last Monday. She went to school last Monday. last Monday 是一般过去时标志
In the past, Shenzhen has been a small village. In the past, Shenzhen was a small village. "In the past" 用一般过去时
重点词汇辨析
1. used to do / be used to doing / be used to do
短语 用法 例句
used to do 过去常常做(现在不做了) I used to play basketball.(我过去常打篮球。)
be used to doing 习惯于做 I am used to getting up early.(我习惯早起。)
be used to do 被用来做 Wood is used to make paper.(木头被用来造纸。)
2. lonely / alone
词汇 用法 例句
lonely "孤独的",强调主观感受(感到寂寞) I feel a bit lonely from time to time.(我偶尔感到孤单。)
alone "独自的",强调客观状态(没有同伴) He lives alone, but he doesn't feel lonely.(他独自居住,但不感到孤独。)
3. marry / get married / be married
结构 用法 例句
marry sb. 和某人结婚(及物动词) He married a doctor.(他和一个医生结婚了。)
get married 结婚(强调动作) They got married in 1996.(他们1996年结婚的。)
be married 已婚(强调状态) They have been married for 20 years.(他们已经结婚20年了。)
4. southern / south
词汇 用法 例句
southern adj. "南方的",修饰名词 in southern China(在中国南方)
south n. "南方",用于方位表达 in the south of China(在中国的南部)
5. 方位形容词总结
形容词 名词 用法 例句
northern north 北方的 in northern China = in the north of China
southern south 南方的 in southern China = in the south of China
eastern east 东方的 in eastern China = in the east of China
western west 西方的 in western China = in the west of China
6. 概数表达(hundreds of / millions of)
结构 用法 例句
具体数字 + million 不加 of two million people(两百万人)
millions of 加 of,表示"数百万的" millions of tourists(数百万游客)
thousands of 加 of,表示"数千的" thousands of students(数千名学生)
hundreds of 加 of,表示"数百的" hundreds of factories(数百家工厂)
1.—Look! The bus is so ________ that I can’t get on it.
—Let’s wait for the next one. It will come soon.
A.strange B.crowded C.busy D.empty
2.—Look! There is a car flying on the road.
—Yes. How dangerous it is to drive at such a high ________!
A.height B.weight C.speed D.attention
3.Now you don’t need to wait in line to buy tickets, and you can book them online. It’s quite ________.
A.convenient B.difficult C.enjoyable D.clear
4.Jack has read ________ science books, but I’m sorry to say that he has learned ________ from them.
A.a few; little B.a few; a little C.few; little D.few; a little
5.—Sam, good books are good friends. They help us open up a new world.
—________. Reading novels helps me relax after work.
A.That’s true B.I don’t agree
C.It doesn’t matter D.My pleasure
6.Shenzhou XVII astronauts ______ in space for over two months. Their work has helped China’s space development a lot.
A.have stayed B.stayed C.stay D.will stay
7.—Why is your uncle so proud of Shenzhen
—Because it ______ from a small fishing village to a world-famous tech city in 40 years.
A.changes B.changed C.has changed D.will change
8.Nanjing ______ great changes in the past five years. Now it’s one of the most modern cities in East China.
A.sees B.saw C.has seen D.will see
9.—Have you finished reading the book about space exploration
—Not yet. I ______ it for three days and I’ll continue reading tonight.
A.read B.am reading C.have been reading D.will read
10.The government has built more parks in our city. Now people can ______ find a place to relax at weekends.
A.hardly B.easily C.suddenly D.quietly
11.—How long ______ you ______ in Nanjing
—Since I was born. My family has lived here for over 15 years.
A.have; been B.did; live C.will; live D.do; live
12.You needn’t tell Jim the good news because I ________ him already.
A.tell B.have told C.was telling D.told
13.—My brother ______ in Beijing for 5 years. He works as a software engineer there.
—Really I hope to visit him soon.
A.lives B.lived C.has lived D.will live
14.Becky has ________ fed the dog, but she hasn’t watered the flowers ________.
A.never; already B.already; yet C.yet; before D.yet; already
15.Travelling by underground is a fast and eco-friendly way to ________ in big cities.
A.get around B.get on C.get up D.get off
16.I don’t drive, so I depend on buses and the underground to get ________ the city.
A.of B.around C.for D.at
17.—Have you ever been to the new Jiangsu Grand Theatre
—Yes. I ______ there with my parents last month. It’s amazing.
A.go B.went C.have gone D.will go
18.I _______ this book for two weeks. I have to return it to the library tomorrow.
A.borrowed B.have borrowed C.kept D.have kept
19.Healthy eating _________ regular exercise ________ good for an energetic person.
A.as well as, is B.together with, are C.and, is D.along with, are
20.Many people moved to Shenzhen in the early days to find jobs and ________.
A.make a living B.lead the move C.build a house D.take a break
21.Jack is a ________ man with a ________ of expensive cars.
A.wealth, wealthy B.wealth, wealth C.wealthy, wealth D.wealthy, wealthy
22.He was chosen to ________ the team because of his rich experience and strong leadership.
A.follow B.lead C.leave D.join
23.My grandma always tells me that love is the key ________ a happy life.
A.about B.to C.of D.by
24.Many people in big cities choose to take the to avoid traffic jams.
A.bike B.underground C.plane D.ship
25.There ________ a lot of trees in our school yard ten years ago, but now there are few.
A.is B.are C.was D.were
26.It’s ________ to live near the subway station; you can go anywhere easily.
A.convenient B.difficult C.expensive D.boring
27.More subways make it ________ for people to go to different places.
A.convenient B.expensive C.uncrowded D.impossible
28.He drove at a high ________ on the highway.
A.speed B.time C.way D.distance
29.—Do you often go to the park now
—No, I ________ go there, but I have no time recently.
A.use to B.used to C.am used to D.was used to
30.—________ has your father worked in this factory
—For about 20 years.
A.How far B.How long C.How often D.How soon
31.Great changes ________ in our hometown since 2010.
A.take place B.took place C.have taken place D.will take place
32.—_______ have you lived in this town
—Since I was born.
A.How long B.How far C.How often D.How soon
33.The city’s ________ has changed a lot over the past 10 years.
A.transport B.message C.risk D.setting
34.The little girl ________ her bike yesterday and ________ her leg.
A.fell off; hurt B.fell down; hurt C.fell off; hurts D.fell down; hurts
35.There _______ a small river here many years ago, but now there _______ a big park.
A.was; is B.is; was C.was; was D.is; is
36.My father _______ to Shanghai three times. He knows the city very well.
A.went B.has gone C.has been D.goes
37.He used to ________ a bike to school, but now he takes the underground.
A.ride B.riding C.to ride D.ridden
38.—Would you like some more food
—Thank you. I ________ enough.
A.will have B.have had C.have D.had
39.—How long has your brother ________China
— ________last month.
A.returned to, since B.been to, for C.come to, for D.been in, since
40.—Great changes have taken place in our school.
—Yes. It is no longer _______ it used to be.
A.what B.how C.that D.who
41.—Bruce ________ a lot in the past five years.
—I agree. He ________ be shy, but now he is an active and confident boy.
A.has changed; used to B.changed; used
C.has changed; is used to D.changed; is used to
42.—Did you have fun meeting your old friend
—Yes, indeed. It’s years ________ we last saw each other.
A.that B.when C.until D.since
43.—Will you visit Yunlong Lake next week
—I as well as my sister ________ yet. We will discuss tonight.
A.decide B.decided C.hasn’t decide D.haven’t decided
44.The special machine can carve anything hard. Because of this new________, artists can create designs with more detail.
A.material B.technology C.transport D.programme
45.My new house is in a ________ place for it’s near my son’s school. He can walk there by himself.
A.crowded B.quiet C.common D.convenient
46.After the rain stopped, the water level of the lake ________ slowly, and the workers ________ the bridge to make it safer.
A.raised; rose B.rises; raised C.rose; raised D.has raised; has risen
47.Can you _________ an example to show that we change electricity into other forms of energy
A.set B.give C.save D.think
48.Lucy, together with her roommates, ________ to clean the classroom every Friday. They ________ never late for the task.
A.go; are B.goes; is C.goes; are D.go; is
49.He missed the chance ________ first time, but he decided to try ________ second time.
A.the; a B.a; the C.the; the D.a; a
50.We should take part in more ________ activities after school.
A.educational B.entertaining C.interesting D.exciting
51.How time flies! Four years ________ since I ________ to our middle school.
A.have passed; came B.has past; came
C.has passed; came D.have passed; have come
52.There ______ a lot of trees in this area, but now there are tall buildings.
A.used to be B.used to have C.was used to be D.was used to have
53.His father ________ by running a small shop.
A.makes a living B.earns money C.gets income D.makes money
54.The company ________ its top salesmen with a trip to Europe as a ________ for their outstanding performance.
A.awarded; award B.rewarded; reward C.awarded; reward D.rewarded; award
55.She ________ live in Shanghai, but now she lives in Beijing.
A.used to B.is used to C.gets used to D.was used to
56.My hometown ________ a small village, but now it is a big city.
A.used to be B.was used to be C.is used to be D.used to being
57.The school sports meeting will ________ next Friday if the weather is fine.
A.take part B.take care C.take place D.take down
58.Big cities like Shanghai and Shenzhen usually offer more ________ for young people.
A.job skills B.job interviews C.job markets D.job chances
59.—Do you want me to clean the bathroom this afternoon
—No, thanks. I ________ it already.
A.will clean B.have cleaned
C.was cleaning D.am cleaning
60.He ________ to live in the countryside, but now he lives in the city.
A.used B.fought C.rowed D.searched
61.It’s time to relax! Stop studying for a while and just ________ with your friends.
A.have fun B.have food C.have time D.have a look
62.The ________ between the two cities is very convenient now.
A.height B.difference C.secret D.transport
63.________ you ever ________ to the new museum
A.Do; go B.Did; go C.Have; been D.Will; go
64.________ staying at home, he went to the park with his friends.
A.Instead of B.Instead C.Although D.Therefore
65.They have ________ arrived at the airport, so we don’t have to hurry.
A.already B.yet C.still D.just
66.—That’s a nice mobile phone.
—Yes, it is. My aunt ________ it for my last birthday.
A.buy B.will buy C.has bought D.bought
67.To my surprise, ________ young talent from across the world has come to Shenzhen to find jobs.
A.a number of B.many C.a wealth of D.a lot
68.The old town has ________ historical buildings.
A.a wealth of B.a lot C.many of D.plenty
69.The hospital is ________ the community, so it’s easy for people to reach.
A.at the heart of B.far from C.next to D.in front of
70.Most people in the village are farmers. They ________ by growing crops in the fields.
A.make a decision B.make a plan
C.make a living D.make a mistake
71.In the past, people _______ by bike or on foot, but now they _______ more by car.
A.travel; travel B.travelled; travel
C.travel; travelled D.travelled; travelled
72.He __________ to the UK last month.
A.has gone B.went C.has been D.goes
73.I __________ my key. I can’t find it anywhere.
A.lost B.have lost C.lose D.was losing
74.In big cities like Beijing, many people ________ by subway because it’s fast and convenient.
A.get away B.get around C.get up D.get over
75.In the past, there were only a few buses and they were always ________.
A.comfortable B.crowded C.convenient D.fast
76.—How long __________ you __________ here
—Since 2018.
A.did; live B.have; lived C.do; live D.were; living
77.The sun ________ in the east every morning, and it ________ our spirits when we see it shining brightly.
A.raises; rises B.rises; raises C.rise; raise D.raised; rose
78.They got to the bus stop ________ ten minutes ago.
A.since B.for C./ D.in
79.With the help of our English teacher, Bill ________ a lot. He’s good at English now.
A.changed B.has changed C.is changing D.changes
80.—________ you ________ your homework
—Yes, I have. I ________ it only an hour ago.
A.Did; finish; did B.Have; finished; did
C.Are; finishing; did D.Have; finished; have done
81.China ______ the 19th Asian Games in Hangzhou successfully. Many foreign athletes have praised the excellent organization.
A.holds B.held C.has held D.will hold
82.We believe nothing is impossible to a ________ heart.
A.educational B.helpless C.hopeful D.world-famous
83.I ________ all my writing late at night after a full day’s work, but now I write mainly at the weekend because of the health problem.
A.am used to do B.am used to doing C.used to doing D.used to do
84.With the development of high-speed rail, ______ from Nanjing to Shanghai has become much faster and more convenient.
A.treatment B.tradition C.training D.transport
85.—How naughty Wilson is! He often drives his toy car ________ high speed.
—That’s why everything in the house is ________ a complete mess.
A.at; in B.at; at C.in; in D.in; at
86.He won an ________ for his wonderful performance in the school English speech contest.
A.award B.gift C.prize D.medal
87.The subway is always ________ during rush hour because many people go to work or school.
A.empty B.crowded C.quiet D.clean
88.The library has a ________ of books on science and technology for students to read.
A.wealth B.number C.lot D.few
89.She ________ live in the countryside, but now she has moved to the city center.
A.used to B.is used to C.gets used to D.was used to
90.Beijing is ________ the heart of China, both politically and culturally.
A.on B.in C.at D.to
/ 让学习更有效 新课备课备考 | 英语学科
/ 让学习更有效 新课备课备考 | 英语学科
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
参考答案及试题解析
1.B
【解析】句意:——看!这辆公交车如此拥挤,以至于我上不去。——我们等下一辆吧。它很快就来了。
考查形容词辨析。strange奇怪的;crowded拥挤的;busy忙碌的;empty空的。根据“I can’t get on it”可知无法上车,说明公交车很拥挤。故选B。
2.C
【解析】句意:——看!有一辆车在路上飞驰。——是的。以这么高的速度开车是多么危险啊!
考查名词辨析。height高度;weight重量;speed速度;attention注意力。根据前文“a car flying on the road”可知,车在路上“飞驰”,强调的是速度快,因此应选用“speed”。故选C。
3.A
【解析】句意:现在你不需要排队买票,可以在网上预订,这相当方便。
考查形容词辨析。convenient方便的;difficult困难的;enjoyable令人愉快的;clear清楚的。根据前文“不需要排队,可以在网上订票”可知,这种做法很方便。故选A。
4.A
【解析】句意:杰克读了几本科学书,但很遗憾地说,他从中学到的东西很少。
考查不定代词辨析。a few一些,修饰可数名词复数,表肯定;a little一点,修饰不可数名词,表肯定;few很少,修饰可数名词复数,表否定;little很少,修饰不可数名词,表否定。第一空后“science books”为可数名词复数,且根据句意转折“but...he has learned little”可知,前半句应表示肯定含义“读了几本”,故用a few;第二空表示“学到很少”,且“learn”的内容为不可数概念,故用little表否定。故选A。
5.A
【解析】句意:——萨姆,好书是好朋友。它们帮助我们打开一个新世界。——确实如此。读小说帮助我下班后放松。
考查情景交际。That’s true确实如此;I don’t agree我不同意;It doesn’t matter没关系;My pleasure不客气/我的荣幸。根据对话内容,第一个人说“好书是好朋友,能帮助我们打开新世界”,第二个人接着说“读小说帮助我下班后放松”,可见第二个人对第一个人的观点表示赞同,并补充自己的例子,因此应选择表示赞同的交际用语。故选A。
6.A
【解析】句意:神舟十七号宇航员已经在太空两个多月。他们的工作极大地推动了中国航天的发展。
考查动词的时态。根据时间状语“for over two months”可知,此句强调动作从过去持续到现在并对现在产生影响,应用现在完成时。故选A。
7.C
【解析】句意:——你叔叔为什么如此为深圳感到自豪?——因为它在40年里从一个小渔村变成了世界著名的科技城市。
考查动词时态辨析。根据“in 40 years”可知,强调从过去到现在的变化和结果,应使用现在完成时。故选C。
8.C
【解析】句意:在过去的五年里,南京(见证了)巨大的变化。现在它是华东地区最现代化的城市之一。
考查时态辨析。sees(一般现在时,第三人称单数形式);saw(一般过去时);has seen(现在完成时);will see(一般将来时)。根据时间状语“in the past five years”可知,动作从过去持续到现在,强调对现在的影响(现在成为现代化城市之一),应使用现在完成时。故选C。
9.C
【解析】句意:——你读完那本关于太空探索的书了吗?——还没有。我一直读了三天了,今晚我会继续读。
考查现在完成进行时。根据“I…it for three days and I’ll continue reading tonight.”可知,此处强调动作从过去持续到现在,并且仍在进行,应用现在完成进行时。故选C。
10.B
【解析】句意:政府在我们城市建了更多公园。现在人们周末可以轻松地找到一个放松的地方。
考查副词辨析。hardly几乎不;easily容易地;suddenly突然地;quietly安静地。根据“The government has built more parks in our city.”可知,现在找地方放松应该更容易了。故选B。
11.A
【解析】句意:——你在南京待了多久了?——自从我出生以来。我的家人已经在这里住了15年多了。
考查现在完成时。have; been现在完成时;did; live一般过去时;will; live一般将来时;do; live一般现在时。根据“Since I was born.”以及“My family has lived here for over 15 years.”可知,此处询问的是从过去某一点开始并持续到现在的动作或状态,应用现在完成时,其结构为“have/has+过去分词”。主语为you,助动词应用have。故选A。
12.B
【解析】句意:你不必把这个好消息告诉吉姆了,因为我已经告诉他了。
考查动词时态。根据时间副词“already”和语境“because I…him already”可知,动作“告诉”发生在过去并对现在造成影响(即“他已知道,无需再告诉”),应用现在完成时have told。故选B。
13.C
【解析】句意:——我哥哥在北京已经住了5年了。他在那里做软件工程师。——真的吗?我希望很快能去拜访他。
考查现在完成时。根据“for 5 years”可知,此处强调从过去持续到现在的动作或状态,应用现在完成时。故选C。
14.B
【解析】句意:贝基已经喂过狗了,但她还没有浇花。
考查副词辨析。never从不;already已经;yet还(用于否定句和疑问句);before以前。第一空表示“已经喂过狗”,用肯定句的already;第二空表示“还没有浇花”,否定句中表示“还”用yet。故选B。
15.A
【解析】句意:在大城市,乘坐地铁是一种快速又环保的出行方式。
考查动词短语辨析。get around出行,四处走动;get on上车;get up起床;get off下车。根据“Travelling by underground”可知,乘坐地铁是一种出行方式,所以此处应该用get around。故选A。
16.B
【解析】句意:我不开车,所以我依靠公共汽车和地铁在城市里出行。
考查介词辨析。of……的;around围绕;for为了;at在(某处)。根据语境可知,此处是在表达依靠公共汽车和地铁在城市里出行,get around表示“四处走动;出行”,符合语境,所以应该用around。故选B。
17.B
【解析】句意:——你去过新的江苏大剧院吗?——是的。我上个月和父母一起去了那里。太棒了。
考查动词时态。根据“last month”可知,动作发生在过去,句子应使用一般过去时。故选B。
18.D
【解析】句意:这本书我已经借了两周了,明天必须把它还给图书馆。
考查现在完成时和延续性动词用法。borrowed(借,短暂性动词);have borrowed(已经借,短暂性动词的现在完成时);kept(保存/借,延续性动词);have kept(已经保存/借,延续性动词的现在完成时)。根据时间状语“for two weeks”可知,动作持续了两周,需用延续性动词的现在完成时。borrow是短暂性动词,不能与时间段连用,而keep可表示“借(并持有)”,是延续性动词。故选D。
19.A
【解析】句意:健康饮食和定期锻炼对一个精力充沛的人有好处。
考查主谓一致及连词用法。as well as以及,is是;together with和……一起,are是;and和,is是;along with与……一起。as well as/together with/along with连接两个并列成分作主语时,谓语动词的单复数由前一个主语决定。本句中前一个主语是Healthy eating,所以谓语动词用单数is。故选A。
20.A
【解析】句意:早期许多人搬到深圳是为了找工作并维持生计。
考查动词短语辨析。make a living谋生;lead the move率先采取行动;build a house建造房屋;take a break休息。根据前文“to find jobs”可知,搬去深圳的目的是找工作并维持生计,因此“谋生”符合逻辑。故选A。
21.C
【解析】句意:杰克是个富有的人,拥有大量昂贵的汽车。
考查词性辨析。wealth财富;wealthy富有的。根据句子结构第一空需要形容词wealthy修饰man;第二空需要构成 “a wealth of”的这一短语,表示“……的一个财富”,故选C。
22.B
【解析】句意:由于他丰富的经验和强大的领导能力,他被选来带领团队。
考查动词辨析。follow跟随;lead领导;leave离开;join加入。根据“because of his rich experience and strong leadership”可知,应是被选来“领导”团队,lead符合语境。故选B。
23.B
【解析】句意:我的奶奶总是告诉我,爱是幸福生活的关键。
考查介词辨析。about关于;to朝,向;of……的;by通过。根据“love is the key...a happy life”可知,此处是在表达“爱是幸福生活的关键”,此处应该用“the key to”表示“……的关键”。故选B。
24.B
【解析】句意:大城市里的许多人选择乘坐地铁来避免交通拥堵。
考查名词辨析。bike自行车;underground地铁;plane飞机;ship轮船。根据“to avoid traffic jams”可知,在大城市中,“地铁”通常不受地面交通拥堵影响。故选B。
25.D
【解析】句意:十年前我们校园里有很多树,但现在几乎没有了。
考查there be句型的时态和主谓一致。四个选项依次为:is(是,单数现在时);are(是,复数现在时);was(是,单数过去时);were(是,复数过去时)。根据时间状语“ten years ago”可知,句子需用一般过去时;主语“a lot of trees”为复数,因此be动词应用复数过去式were。故选D。
26.A
【解析】句意:住在地铁站附近很方便;你可以轻松地去任何地方。
考查形容词辨析。convenient方便的;difficult困难的;expensive昂贵的;boring无聊的。根据后半句“你可以轻松地去任何地方”可知,住在地铁站附近是“方便”的。故选A。
27.A
【解析】句意:更多的地铁使人们去不同的地方更方便。
考查形容词辨析。convenient方便的;expensive昂贵的;uncrowded不拥挤的;impossible不可能的。根据“More subways make it...for people to go to different places.”可知,地铁增多会提高出行便利性,convenient符合语境。故选A。
28.A
【解析】句意:他在高速公路上以很高的速度行驶。
考查名词辨析。speed速度;time时间;way方式;distance距离。根据“drove at a high”可知,此处表示“以高速行驶”,固定搭配为“at a high speed”。故选A。
29.B
【解析】句意:——你现在经常去公园吗?——不,我过去常去那里,但最近没时间。
考查动词短语。use to错误表达;used to do sth过去常常做某事;be used to do sth被用来做某事;be used to doing sth习惯做某事。根据“but I have no time recently”可知,现在没时间去,所以是“过去常常”去,表示过去的习惯或状态。故选B。
30.B
【解析】句意:——你父亲在这家工厂工作多久了?——大约20年了。
考查疑问词组辨析。How far多远;How long多久;How often多久一次;How soon多久以后。答句“For about 20 years”表示一段时间,因此询问的是“工作多长时间”。故选B。
31.C
【解析】句意:自2010年以来,我们的家乡发生了巨大的变化。
考查现在完成时。根据时间状语“since 2010”可知,动作从过去持续到现在,强调对现在的影响,应使用现在完成时,谓语结构为“have/has done”,故选C。
32.A
【解析】句意:——你在这个小镇住了多久了?——自从我出生就住在这里。
考查特殊疑问词组辨析。How long多久(询问时长);How far多远(询问距离);How often多久一次(询问频率);How soon多久以后(询问将来时间)。根据答语“Since I was born.”(自从我出生)可知,问句询问居住的时长,应用How long。故选A。
33.A
【解析】句意:这个城市的交通在过去十年里发生了很大变化。
考查名词辨析。transport交通;message信息;risk风险;setting设置,环境。根据“has changed a lot over the past 10 years”并结合选项可知,应该是城市的交通发生了变化,transport符合语境。故选A。
34.A
【解析】句意:这个小女孩昨天从自行车上摔下来,伤到了腿。
考查动词短语辨析和时态。fell off从……摔下;fell down摔倒;hurt受伤 (过去式与原形一致)。根据“her bike”可知,“从自行车上摔下”用fell off;根据“yesterday”可知,句子时态为一般过去时,hurt的过去式仍为hurt。故选A。
35.A
【解析】句意:许多年前这里有一条小河,但现在这里有一个大公园。
考查时态。was是,be的第一和第三人称单数过去式;is是,be的第三人称单数现在时形式。第一空的时间状语“many years ago”表示过去,应用过去式was;第二空的时间状语“now”表示现在,应用is。故选A。
36.C
【解析】句意:我父亲去过上海三次。他对这座城市非常了解。
考查现在完成时。根据“three times”和“He knows the city very well.”可知,此处强调过去的经历对现在的影响,很了解上海,且父亲现在不在上海,应用“has been to”表示“去过”,而不用“has gone to”。故选C。
37.A
【解析】句意:他过去常常骑自行车上学,但现在他乘地铁。
考查used to的用法。 ride骑,动词原形;riding骑,动名词/现在分词;to ride骑,动词不定式;ridden骑,过去分词。根据固定搭配“used to +动词原形”表示“过去常常做某事”,此处应填动词原形ride。故选A。
38.B
【解析】句意:——你还想再吃点食物吗?——谢谢。我已经吃得够多了。
考查动词时态。根据“Thank you. I...enough.”可知,此处表达的是已经吃了足够多的食物,强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,即现在已经不饿了,所以应该用现在完成时,其结构是“have/has+动词的过去分词”,主语是I,所以助动词用have,“吃”的英文是have,其过去分词是had,因此此处应填have had。故选B。
39.D
【解析】句意:——你哥哥来中国多久了?——从上个月(到现在)。
考查现在完成时与延续性动词的用法。returned to返回,短暂性动词;since自从;been to去过,短暂性;for后接时间段;come to 来到,短暂性;been in在……,延续性。问句“How long…”询问时间长度,需与延续性状态动词连用,且答句“last month”表示过去的时间点,需用“since”连接。只有“been in”表示持续在中国,且“since last month”符合结构。故选D。
40.A
【解析】句意:——我们学校发生了巨大的变化。——是的,它不再是过去的样子了。
考查表语从句连接词。what什么;how如何;that无实义;who谁。空格处引导表语从句,从句中缺少表语,表示“它过去的样子”,需用what作be的表语。故选A。
41.A
【解析】句意:——布鲁斯在过去五年里改变了很多。——我同意。他过去很害羞,但现在是一个积极又自信的男孩。
考查动词时态和固定短语。used to“过去常常”;is used to“习惯于”。第一空,根据时间状语“in the past five years”可知,句子时态要用现在完成时,主语为“Bruce”,助动词用has,动词change的过去分词为changed,排除B和D;第二空,根据下文“but now he is an active and confident boy.” 可知,此处表达的是“过去害羞”,应用固定搭配used to be shy,排除C。故选A。
42.D
【解析】句意:——你和老朋友见面玩得开心吗?——是的,确实。自从我们上次见面已经好几年了。
考查连词辨析。that那个;when当……时;until直到;since自从。根据“It’s years...we last saw each other.”可知,此处为“It’s + 时间段 + since + 从句”的固定句型,表示“自从……以来已经多久了”。故选D。
43.D
【解析】句意:——你下周要去云龙湖吗?——我和我姐姐还没决定。我们今晚再商量。
考查现在完成时和主谓一致。根据时间状语“yet (还、仍)”可知,此句时态应用现在完成时; “as well as”连接两个主语时,谓语动词需与距离谓语较远的那个主语,即“I”保持一致;又因为“I”为第一人称,所以助动词应用have,否定形式为haven’t,动词“decide”的过去分词为decided。故选D。
44.B
【解析】句意:这台特殊的机器可以雕刻任何坚硬的东西。由于这项新技术,艺术家们可以创作出更精细的设计。
考查名词辨析。material材料;technology技术;transport运输;programme项目/程序。根据前文“The special machine can carve anything hard”可知,机器能够雕刻坚硬物品,这应归功于一种新的技术或方法,使得艺术家能够实现更精细的设计。选项中“technology”最符合语境。故选B。
45.D
【解析】句意:我的新房子在一个便利的地方,因为它离我儿子的学校很近,他可以自己走路去那里。
考查形容词辨析。crowded拥挤的;quiet安静的;common普通的;convenient便利的。根据“for it’s near my son’s school. He can walk there by himself.”可知,这里说的是房子的位置很便利,故选D。
46.C
【解析】句意:雨停后,湖的水位缓慢上升,工人们升高了桥以使其更安全。
考查动词辨析。raised使升高,举起,动词过去式,及物动词;rises上升,上涨,动词三单,不及物动词;rose过去式,原形为rise;has raised现在完成时;has risen现在完成时。第一空主语是“the water level”,表示水位自行上升,用不及物动词rise,且根据前句“stopped”可知用一般过去时rose;第二空主语是“the workers”,表示工人抬高桥,用及物动词raise,同样用一般过去时raised。故选C。
47.B
【解析】句意:你能举一个例子来说明我们把电能转换成其他形式的能量吗?
考查动词辨析。set设置;give给;save拯救,节省;think思考。give an example表示“举例”,此处是请求对方举个例子,所以应该用give。故选B。
48.C
【解析】句意:露西和她的室友们每周五都去打扫教室。她们做这个任务从不迟到。
考查主谓一致。第一个空,together with引导的介词短语不影响谓语动词的数,谓语动词与主语Lucy保持一致,故用goes;第二个空,主语是They,是复数形式,所以be动词用are。故选C。
49.A
【解析】句意:他第一次错失了这个机会,但他决定再试一次。
考查冠词的用法。a一个,不定冠词;the这个,定冠词。“the first time”为固定表达,意为“第一次”,表示具体的序数词用法,序数词前需加定冠词the;“a second time”为固定表达,意为“再一次,又一次”,故选A。
50.A
【解析】句意:放学后我们应该参加更多有教育意义的活动。
考查形容词辨析。educational 有教育意义的;entertaining 娱乐性的;interesting 有趣的;exciting 令人兴奋的。根据“We should take part in more...activities”可知学生放学后应参与有益于学习或成长的活动,强调“教育性”更符合常理。故选A。
51.C
【解析】句意:时间过得真快!自从我来到我们的中学,四年已经过去了。
考查动词时态和主谓一致。第一空主语“Four years”表示一段时间,视作单数,谓语用单数形式,排除A、D;第二空“since I...to our middle school”是since引导的时间状语从句,从句用一般过去时,主句用现在完成时,past不是动词,不能作谓语,排除B。故选C。
52.A
【解析】句意:这个地区过去有很多树,但现在都是高楼。
考查固定句型used to do。used to be过去是/有;used to have过去拥有;was used to be被用来做,语法错误(be used to不与there be连用);was used to have被用来拥有,语法错误(be used to不与there be连用)。根据句意,此处表示“过去有树”,且there be句型中be动词需用原形,因此用there used to be。故选A。
53.A
【解析】句意:他的父亲通过经营一家小商店谋生。
考查动词短语辨析。makes a living谋生;earns money赚钱;gets income获得收入;makes money赚钱。根据“by running a small shop”可知,经营小商店是一种谋生的方式,且“make a living”是固定搭配,意为“谋生”,最符合语境。故选A。
54.B
【解析】句意:这家公司奖励业绩出色的顶尖销售员一次欧洲之旅,作为对他们出色表现的回报。
考查动词和名词。reward作动词时意为奖励;酬谢,常用搭配为reward sb. with sth.(用某物奖励某人),rewarded是其过去式;award作动词时意为授予;颁发,常用搭配为award sb. sth.(授予某人某物)。reward作名词时意为奖励;回报;award作名词时意为奖品;奖项。根据句子结构“...its top salesmen with a trip”,第一空需用rewarded(动词过去式,符合句子时态),契合reward sb. with sth.的固定搭配;第二空“as a...for their outstanding performance”需用reward(名词),表示作为……的回报。故选B。
55.A
【解析】句意:她过去住在上海,但现在她住在北京。
考查used to的用法。used to过去常常;is used to习惯于;gets used to变得习惯于;was used to过去习惯于。根据“but now she lives in Beijing”可知,前半句表示“过去住在上海”,强调过去的习惯或状态,且现在已不再如此,应用“used to do sth.”结构,后面接动词原形。故选A。
56.A
【解析】句意:我的家乡过去是一个小村庄,但现在是一个大城市。
考查动词短语辨析。used to be过去曾经是,后接动词原形,表示过去存在但现在已结束的状态;was used to be结构错误;is used to be结构错误;used to being搭配错误。根据“but now it is a big city”可知,此处描述的是过去与现在的情况形成对比,应使用used to be表示“过去曾经是”。故选A。
57.C
【解析】句意:如果天气好,学校运动会将在下周五举行。
考查动词短语辨析。take part 参加 (常与in连用);take care小心;take place发生,举行;take down记下,取下。根据“The school sports meeting will…next Friday if the weather is fine.”可知,此处指举行运动会,应用 take place。故选C。
58.D
【解析】句意:像上海和深圳这样的大城市通常为年轻人提供更多的就业机会。
考查名词短语辨析。job skills工作技能;job interviews工作面试;job markets就业市场;job chances就业机会。根据主语“Big cities”和谓语“offer”,可知大城市能“提供”的是“机会”。“job chances”更直接地表示“就业机会”,而“job markets”指“就业市场”,侧重于市场环境本身。此处强调“机会”更贴切。故选D。
59.B
【解析】句意:——今天下午你想让我打扫浴室吗?——不用了,谢谢。我已经打扫过了。
考查现在完成时。will clean将要打扫(一般将来时);have cleaned已经打扫(现在完成时);was cleaning正在打扫(过去进行时);am cleaning正在打扫(现在进行时)。根据答句中“already(已经)”可知,动作发生在过去但对现在有影响(即现在不需要再打扫),应使用现在完成时。故选B。
60.A
【解析】句意:他过去住在乡村,但现在他住在城里。
考查动词短语辨析。used过去常常;fought战斗;rowed划船;searched搜索。根据“but now he lives in the city”可知,前后是转折关系,表示过去住在乡村,现在住在城里,应使用短语used to do sth.表示过去常常做某事。故选A。
61.A
【解析】句意:是时候放松一下了!暂时停止学习,和朋友们一起玩得开心。
考查动词短语。have fun玩得开心;have food吃东西;have time有时间;have a look看一看。根据“It’s time to relax!”可知,此处强调放松、娱乐,与朋友们一起“玩得开心”最符合语境。故选A。
62.D
【解析】句意:现在这两座城市之间的交通非常便利。
考查名词辨析。height高度;difference不同;secret秘密;transport交通。根据语境可知,此处是在描述两座城市之间交通很便利,所以应该用transport。故选D。
63.C
【解析】句意:——你曾经去过新博物馆吗?
考查现在完成时。根据“ever”以及句意可知,此处表达“曾经去过某地”,应用现在完成时,其结构为“have/has+过去分词”,主语为you,助动词用have,“去过”为“have been to”。故选C。
64.A
【解析】句意:他没有待在家里,而是和朋友去了公园。
考查短语辨析。Instead of代替,而不是;Instead代替,反而;Although虽然,尽管;Therefore因此,所以。根据“...staying at home, he went to the park with his friends.”可知,此处是在描述他没有选择待在家里,“而是”去了公园,应该用Instead of。故选A。
65.A
【解析】句意:他们已经到达机场了,所以我们不必匆忙。
考查副词辨析。already已经;yet还,仍然(常用于否定句和疑问句);still仍然;just刚刚。根据“have…arrived”及“so we don’t have to hurry.”可知,本句是现在完成时,此处表示“已经到达”,且句子为肯定句,应使用already。故选A。
66.D
【解析】句意:——那是一部不错的手机。——是的,确实。我阿姨在我上一个生日时买了它。
考查动词时态。根据时间状语“for my last birthday”(在我上一个生日时)可知,动作发生在过去,应使用一般过去时,动词用过去式。故选D。
67.C
【解析】句意:令我惊讶的是,来自世界各地的众多年轻人才来到深圳找工作。
考查短语辨析。a number of许多,后接可数名词复数;many许多,后接可数名词复数;a wealth of大量的,许多,后接可数名词复数或不可数名词;a lot非常,很,副词短语,不能直接修饰名词。根据“…young talent from across the world has come to Shenzhen to find jobs.”可知,此处指大量的年轻人才,且talent为不可数名词,应用a wealth of。故选C。
68.A
【解析】句意:这座古镇有大量的历史建筑。
考查形容词短语。a wealth of大量的;a lot 许多(后需接of才能修饰名词);many of……中的许多(后接限定范围的名词);plenty大量(后需接of才能修饰名词)。根据空格后直接跟名词“historical buildings”,且无需限定范围,应使用可直接修饰名词的短语“a wealth of”。故选A。
69.A
【解析】句意:这家医院位于社区的中心,所以人们很容易到达。
考查介词短语辨析。at the heart of在……的中心;far from远离;next to紧挨着;in front of在……前面。根据后半句“so it’s easy for people to reach”可知,医院应该位于社区的中心位置,这样人们才能方便到达。故选A。
70.C
【解析】句意:村里大多数人都是农民。他们通过在田里种庄稼来谋生。
考查动词短语辨析。make a decision做决定;make a plan制定计划;make a living谋生;make a mistake犯错误。根据“Most people in the village are farmers.”可知,农民的主要工作是种庄稼,这是一种谋生的方式。故选C。
71.B
【解析】句意:过去人们骑自行车或步行出行,但现在他们更多地开车出行。
考查时态辨析。根据“In the past”可知,第一空表示过去的动作,应用一般过去时;根据“now”可知,第二空表示现在的习惯,应用一般现在时。故选B。
72.B
【解析】句意:他上个月去了英国。
考查动词时态。has gone现在完成时;went过去式;has been现在完成时;goes第三人称单数形式。根据时间状语“last month”可知,时态为一般过去时,陈述过去发生的事,动词用过去式。故选B。
73.B
【解析】句意:我弄丢了我的钥匙,我到处都找不到它。
考查现在完成时。根据后句“I can’t find it anywhere.”可知,丢失钥匙的动作发生在过去,且对现在造成影响(现在找不到钥匙),应使用现在完成时。故选B。
74.B
【解析】句意:在北京这样的大城市,许多人乘坐地铁出行,因为它快速又方便。
考查动词短语辨析。get away逃离;get around出行,四处走动;get up起床;get over克服。根据“by subway”(乘坐地铁)和“fast and convenient”(快速方便)可知,此处指乘坐地铁“出行”,get around符合语境。故选B。
75.B
【解析】句意:过去,只有几辆公共汽车,而且它们总是很拥挤。
考查形容词辨析。comfortable舒适的;crowded拥挤的;convenient方便的;fast快速的。根据前半句“there were only a few buses”可推断,公共汽车数量少,因此是“拥挤的”。故选B。
76.B
【解析】句意:——你在这里住了多久了?——自从2018年。
考查现在完成时。did...live是一般过去时;have...lived是现在完成时;do...live是一般现在时;were...living是过去进行时。答语“Since 2018”表示“从2018年至今”,强调动作从过去持续到现在,需用现在完成时。故选B。
77.B
【解析】句意:太阳每天早晨从东方升起,当我们看到它明亮地照耀时,它振奋了我们的精神。
考查动词辨析。raises(提高,使升起);rises(升起,上升)。第一空主语“The sun”为第三人称单数,需用第三人称单数形式,且表示太阳升起应用不及物动词rise(rises);第二空主语it指太阳,表示振奋精神应用及物动词raise(raises)。故选B。
78.C
【解析】句意:他们十分钟前到达了公交车站。
考查时间介词辨析。since自从;for持续;/不填;in在……之后。句中已有明确的时间点“ten minutes ago”,表示“十分钟前”,且谓语动词got为get的过去式,此时无需再加任何介词,直接用时间状语即可。故选C。
79.B
【解析】句意:在我们英语老师的帮助下,比尔已经改变了很多。他现在擅长英语了。
考查现在完成时。changed改变,一般过去时;has changed已经改变,现在完成时;is changing正在改变,现在进行时;changes改变,一般现在时。根据后句“He’s good at English now.”可知,比尔现在英语很好,强调过去的动作(改变)对现在造成的结果和影响,应用现在完成时。故选B。
80.B
【解析】句意:——你完成作业了吗?——是的,我完成了。我一小时前刚做完。
考查动词时态。根据答语“Yes, I have.”可知,问句应用现在完成时,结构为“Have you finished... ”,因此第一空和第二空填Have和finished;答句中“only an hour ago”表示过去的具体时间,需用一般过去时,谓语动词用did。故选B。
81.B
【解析】句意:中国成功举办了在杭州举行的第19届亚运会。许多外国运动员称赞了出色的组织工作。
考查动词时态辨析。根据“China...the 19th Asian Games in Hangzhou successfully.”,举办第19届亚运会这一动作发生在过去,属于过去发生的具体事件,应用一般过去时。故选B。
82.C
【解析】句意:我们相信,对于一颗充满希望的心来说,没有什么是不可能的。
考查形容词辨析。educational教育的;helpless无助的;hopeful充满希望的;world-famous世界闻名的。根据句意“nothing is impossible”可知,此处强调积极乐观的心态,应选用表示“充满希望的”形容词。故选C。
83.D
【解析】句意:过去我常常在一天的工作结束后,在深夜完成所有的写作,但现在由于健康问题,我主要在周末写作。
考查动词短语辨析。am used to do被用来做某事;am used to doing习惯于做某事;used to doing无此搭配;used to do过去常常做某事。根据“but now I write mainly at the weekend because of the health problem”可知,此处表示过去常常在深夜写作,现在主要在周末写作,应用used to do。故选D。
84.D
【解析】句意:随着高铁的发展,从南京到上海的交通变得更快、更方便了。
考查名词辨析。treatment治疗;tradition传统;training训练;transport交通。根据“With the development of high-speed rail…from Nanjing to Shanghai has become much faster and more convenient.”可知,这里讨论的是交通方式的变化。故选D。
85.A
【解析】句意:——威尔逊真淘气!他经常把他的玩具车开得飞快。——这就是为什么房子里的一切都一团糟。
考查介词辨析。第一空:at high speed意为“以高速,急速”,用介词at;第二空:in a mess意为“一团糟, 凌乱无序”,用介词in。故选A。
86.A
【解析】句意:他在学校英语演讲比赛中表现出色,赢得了一个奖项。
考查名词辨析。award奖项(常指因成就或表现获得的正式奖励);gift礼物(通常指赠送的物品);prize奖品(多指比赛或竞赛中赢得的);medal奖牌(通常指金属制成的奖章)。根据“won”和“wonderful performance”可知,此处强调因表现优异而获得的正式奖励,award最符合语境。故选A。
87.B
【解析】句意:在高峰时段,地铁总是很拥挤,因为很多人去上班或上学。
考查形容词辨析。empty空的;crowded拥挤的;quiet安静的;clean干净的。根据“because many people go to work or school”可知,高峰时段人很多,所以地铁应该是拥挤的。故选B。
88.A
【解析】句意:图书馆有大量的科学技术类书籍供学生阅读。
考查名词辨析。wealth丰富,大量;number数量(a number of“许多”,后接可数名词复数);lot许多(a lot of“许多”,后接可数或不可数名词);few很少(a few“一些”,后接可数名词复数)。根据“has a…of books”和介词“of”的搭配,a wealth of“大量的、丰富的”,符合此语境,且与science and technology搭配恰当。故选A。
89.A
【解析】句意:她过去住在乡下,但现在她已经搬到了市中心。
考查used to的用法。used to过去常常;is used to习惯于;gets used to逐渐习惯于;was used to过去习惯于。根据后半句“but now she has moved to the city center”可知,现在她已搬到市中心,因此前半句应表示“过去住在乡下”,强调过去的习惯或状态,且现在已不再如此,应用“used to do”结构。故选A。
90.B
【解析】句意:北京位于中国的心脏地带,无论是在政治上还是文化上。
考查介词辨析。on在……上;in在……里;at在(具体的小地点);to到。根据“Beijing is ... the heart of China”和常识可知,北京是中国的城市,位于中国境内,应用介词in。故选B。
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