高考英语二轮讲义-阅读理解之推理判断（复习课件）（全国通用）(共58张PPT)
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| 名称 | 高考英语二轮讲义-阅读理解之推理判断（复习课件）（全国通用）(共58张PPT) |
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| 格式 | pptx | ||
| 文件大小 | 2.9MB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2026-03-01 00:00:00 | ||
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(共58张PPT)
考点一 考查引申推断题
考点二 考查目的和意图题
考点三 考查写作态度题
考点四 考查描述人物或事件特征
考点五 考查文章出处
考点六 考查预测文章走势
考点七 考查写作手法
考点八 考查读者对象
考点九 考查文章结构
真题动向 考查考生通过阅读语篇进行推理判断的能力
必备知识 如何进行引申推断：（1）思维导图（2）引申推断的设问方式（3）错误选项的特点（4）解题技巧
关键能力 根据文章中的定位内容进行引申推断，得出相应的结论
命题预测 考向 根据文章中的定位内容进行引申推断，得出相应的结论
析·考情精解
01
构·知能架构
02
破·考点攻坚
03
剖析考情动向 精研考点分布
析·考情精解
part one
01
析·考情精解
命题轨迹透视 从近三年高考试题来看，阅读理解中考查推理判断题5个左右，题目难度较大。命题趋势：在语篇中考查学生根据文章内容进行推理判断的能力。 考点频次总结 考点 2025年 2024年 2023年
引申推断 2025年新高考一卷（阅读理解B27；2.5分） 2025年新高考一卷（阅读理解B25；2.5分） 2024新课标I卷（C31） 2024全国甲卷（B29） 2023年新高考全国I卷（阅读理解B27）
2023年新高考全国I卷（阅读理解C30、31）
写作目的和意图 2025年全国一卷（阅读理解D34；2.5分） 2024·新课标I卷（阅读B27，2.5） 2023 新高考全国Ⅱ卷（阅读理解C31）
2023 新高考全国Ⅰ卷（阅读理解B26）
对人或事物的描述或评价 2025年1月浙江卷·阅读逻辑（B27，2.5分） 2023 新高考全国Ⅱ卷（阅读理解B26）
2026命题预测 预计在2026年高考中，会以多种体裁和题材语篇为命题情景，考查考生根据文章内容进行推理判断的能力，阅读理解中的推理判断题是必考点。 构·知能架构
part two
02
搭建知识网络 整合能力体系
构·知能架构
破·考点攻坚
part three
03
破解考点规律 攻克解题难关
考点一 考查引申推断题
真题动向
1. （2025年新高考一卷·阅读理解B27；2.5分）
I walked into class believing that writing is important as a means of communication. However, my students demonstrated something more important to me. When the final bell rang in June, I walked away with a yearbook full of messages about writing’s most powerful significance — the ability to connect people, to put us in another’s skin, to teach us what it means to be human.
27. What does the author’s experience show
A. Teaching is learning. B. Still waters run deep.
C. Knowledge is power. D. Practice makes perfect.
命题解读 新情境：文章以一名写作课老师，通过教学实践逐渐认识到学生写作动力的来源以及写作真正意义的成长故事为命题情境，培养学生推理判断能力。
新考法：考查考生根据语境进行推理判断的能力。
新角度：本题命题人打破技巧方法，采用根据事实细节进行推理判断的能力，考查角度新颖。
【答案】A
【解析】A推理判断题。根据最后一段“I walked into class believing that writing is important as a means of communication. However, my students demonstrated something more important to me. When the final bell rang in June, I walked away with a yearbook full of messages about writing’s most powerful significance — the ability to connect people, to put us in another’s skin, to teach us what it means to be human. 结合全文内容可知，文章通过作者的教学经历，说明她在教导学生的同时，自己也领悟到写作的真正意义，这一过程体现了“教学相长”的理念。选项A“Teaching is learning(教学相长)”符合文中描述的作者通过教学获得的新认识。故选A。
考点一 考查引申推断题
真题动向
（2025年新高考一卷·阅读理解B25；2.5分）
But things were different for their first essay, which was about the question: “Why is writing important ” Most of the essays filled less than one page, and few contained a sentence that could be interpreted as a thesis (论点) statement. I was shocked. Then I realized that the problem was the question itself. They could have written pages on the necessity of computers, but writing, in and of itself, simply didn’t strike them as important. This would have to change.
25. Why did the students perform poorly in writing their first essay
A. They were not given enough time. B. They had a very limited vocabulary.
C. They misunderstood the question. D. They had little interest in the topic.
【答案】D
【解析】D推理判断题。根据第二段中“Most of the essays filled less than one page, and few contained a sentence that could be interpreted as a thesis (论点) statement. I was shocked. Then I realized that the problem was the question itself. They could have written pages on the necessity of computers, but writing, in and of itself, simply didn’t strike them as important.可推知，学生们在写第一篇作文时表现不佳，是因为他们对写作这个话题本身不感兴趣。故选D。
考点一 考查引申推断题
必备知识
知识点：如何进行引申推断
根据阅读文章整体或某一段落的内容进行引申推断得出推断结果。引申推断的方法：1.通过分析文章内容，推断出文章中事实的结论，得出新的判断；2.推理判断的结论不是文章中的原句，而是在文章基础上，通过逻辑推理得出的结论。
（1）思维导图
能力：根据文章中的定位内容进行引申推断，得出相应的结论。
考点一 考查引申推断题
必备知识
（2）引申推断的设问方式
1. What can be inferred about the ......
2．What can be inferred about ......from the last paragraph
3．What can we learn from ......
4．What can we infer about ...... from the text
（3）错误选项的特点
1. 似是而非：只是对原文信息简单重述，而不是依据文章提供事实依据推断出来的结论。
2. 夸大事实：对文章的事实或证据进行夸大；有时，选项内容与原文一致无需推断。
3. 推理过度：选项往往过于绝对化或片面化(以偏概全)，有时会出现only, all等词语。
4. 掺入常识：根据考生已有常识是正确的，但不是根据文章中的证据推断出来的结论。
（4）解题技巧：
引申推断题属于深层理解题，要求根据语篇内容，推断具体细节。做此类题目关键是要正确把握文章的内在关系，理解文章的真正含义，要忠实于原文，千万不能主观臆断，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。
考点一 考查引申推断题
命题预测
After finishing his training, John started his own workshop. His days are now spent bringing damaged and aging furniture back to its former glory. The work is challenging, requiring careful analysis and a steady hand. However, the greatest reward comes from the emotional connection he builds with his clients. Often, they bring items of great emotional value — a grandmother’s favorite chair or a table around which a family has gathered for decades. Seeing their joyful reactions upon seeing a cherished piece restored is, for John, the most satisfying part of his job.
What can we infer from Paragraph 3 about John’s work
A．It mainly focuses on repairing expensive furniture
B．The emotional satisfaction outweighs the technical challenges
C．Clients often complain about the high cost of restoration
D．It requires little skill but much patience
（2026·江苏省扬州市七校月考）
考点一 考查引申推断题
命题预测
【答案】B、
【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段“The work is challenging, requiring careful analysis and a steady hand. However, the greatest reward comes from the emotional connection he builds with his clients. Often, they bring items of great emotional value — a grandmother’s favorite chair or a table around which a family has gathered for decades. Seeing their joyful reactions upon seeing a cherished piece restored is, for John, the most satisfying part of his job. (这项工作很有挑战性，需要仔细的分析和稳定的手。然而，最大的回报来自于他与客户建立的情感联系。他们经常带来具有巨大情感价值的物品——祖母最喜欢的椅子或一家人围坐了几十年的桌子。看到他们看到心爱的物品被修复后的喜悦反应，对John来说，这是他工作中最令人满意的部分。)”可知，John的工作虽然具有挑战性，但最大的回报来自于与客户建立的情感联系，看到他们心爱的物品被修复后的喜悦反应，这对他来说是最令人满意的部分。由此可推断，情感上的满足感超过了技术上的挑战。故选B。
考点一 考查引申推断题
命题预测
Two years ago, she felt trapped by endless housework and an unhappy marriage. She was desperate for an escape. The turning point came in March 2023 at a live show of a female comedian where, during audience interaction, Fang humorously introduced herself as “the director of the information center” in her village. Fang’s quick-witted, humorous answer stole the show, and the clip later went viral online.
Impressed, the comedian invited Fang to join a comedy training session, and even got Fang’s travel, accommodation, and training expenses covered. That marked the beginning of Fang’s journey into becoming a stand-up comedian. Stand-up became her-emotional release, giving her the courage to leave her 30-year marriage. In her debut-on the comedy competition, Fang delivered a hilarious yet touching set about how the stand-up comedy empowered her to divorce her husband and build a new life with her two daughters.
What can be inferred about Fang’s comedy training
A．It was funded by her family. B．It required years to complete.
C．It came after her viral moment. D．It focused on basic writing skills.
（2026·湖南省湖南师范大学附属中学月考五））
考点一 考查引申推断题
命题预测
【答案】C
【进行】推理判断题。根据第二段尾句“Fang’s quick-witted, humorous answer stole the show, and the clip later went viral online.(她机智又风趣的回答惊艳全场，相关片段随后在网上走红)”以及第三段首句“Impressed, the comedian invited Fang to join a comedy training session, and even got Fang’s travel, accommodation, and training expenses covered.(这位喜剧演员深受触动，邀请房主任参加喜剧训练营，甚至包揽了她的交通、住宿和培训费用)”可知，房主任是在视频走红之后，才获得了参加喜剧培训的机会。由此可推断，她的喜剧培训是在走红之后开展的。故选C项。
考点二 考查目的和意图题
真题动向
（2025年全国一卷·阅读理解D34；2.5分）
Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) to trap the plastics. In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent. Additionally, the research didn’t include all types of plastics. The team focused only on three common types — polystyrene, polyethylene and polypropylene — and they didn’t study other chemicals previously found in water such as vinyl chloride.
Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure — a task that’s becoming increasingly difficult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought.
34. What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning bottled water in paragraph 4
A. The importance of plastic recycling. B. The severity of the microplastic problem.
C. The danger in overusing pure water. D. The difficulty in treating polluted water.
【答案】B
【解析】B推理判断题。根据第四段的“Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure — a task that’s becoming increasingly diffcult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought.可推断，作者提到瓶装水是为了说明微塑料污染的严重性。故选B。
考点二 考查目的和意图题
真题动向
（2024·新课标I卷·阅读B27，2.5）
Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. “Sometimes it surprises me that it works so well,” he says. “I will do anything to help an animal. That’s my job.”
27. Why does the author mention the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association
A. To prove Farber’s point. B. To emphasize its importance.
C. To praise veterinarians. D. To advocate animal protection.
【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容“Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. ( 法伯确信，随着时间的推移，综合疗法会越来越受欢迎，如果过去有任何迹象的话，他可能是对的:自1982年以来，美国综合兽医协会的会员已经从30个增加到700多个。)”可知，法伯认为综合疗法会越来越受欢迎，随后作者列举了美国综合兽医协会的会员已经从30个增加到700多个的例子，因此推断美国整体兽医协会是为证明法伯的观点。故选A。
考点二 考查目的和意图题
必备知识
知识点：如何判断写作目的和意图
（1）思维导图
此类题型要求考生根据文章的论述，推测作者的写作意图及应用某种写作手法的目的。这类题型要求考生不仅能理解文章的内容，还要具备对作者所阐述的问题及使用的写作手法进行分析和归纳总结的能力。
考点二 考查目的和意图题
必备知识
（2）目的意图题的设问方式
What is the main purpose of the author writing the text
The purpose of the text is to get more people to _______.
The writer of the story wants to tell us that________.
The fact…is mentioned by the author to show________.
The author writers the last paragraph in order to ________.
（3）解题技巧：
写作意图推断题要求考生根据文章的论述，揣测作者的写作意图及作者运用某种写作手法的目的。作者一般不直接表明自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的事实，客观地使读者信服某种想法或观点。这种题型要求考生不但能理解文章的大意，同时还要具备对作者阐述问题的方法进行分析和归纳总结的能力。
一般来说，我们可以通过分析文章的文体特点，理解作者的词句选择和识别文章的语气来推断出作者的写作意图。
考点二 考查目的和意图题
命题预测
（2026·河北省邢台市高三月考）
Oceana also estimates that by 2030, an annual 602 million kilograms of the company’s plastic packaging will be polluting the world’s ocean and waterways. The report says that this amount is enough to fill the stomachs of 18 million blue whales. Oceana made its estimates using the company’s own reported data on its use of plastic packaging between 2018 and 2023, and a forecast of the company’s future sales growth based on past trends. A 2024 study found that a main product by the company is already the world’s worst plastic-polluting brand.
Why does the author mention “18 million blue whales” in paragraph 2
A．To report the data of the injured whales.
B．To prove the success of wildlife conservation.
C．To present the company’s future sales growth.
D．To show the shocking amount of plastic waste.
考点二 考查目的和意图题
命题预测
（2026·河北省邢台市高三月考）
Oceana also estimates that by 2030, an annual 602 million kilograms of the company’s plastic packaging will be polluting the world’s ocean and waterways. The report says that this amount is enough to fill the stomachs of 18 million blue whales. Oceana made its estimates using the company’s own reported data on its use of plastic packaging between 2018 and 2023, and a forecast of the company’s future sales growth based on past trends. A 2024 study found that a main product by the company is already the world’s worst plastic-polluting brand.
【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段“Oceana also estimates that by 2030, an annual 602 million kilograms of the company’s plastic packaging will be polluting the world’s ocean and waterways. The report says that this amount is enough to fill the stomachs of 18 million blue whales. (Oceana还估计，到2030年，该公司每年将有6.02亿公斤的塑料包装污染全球海洋和水道。报告称，这个数量足以填满1800万头蓝鲸的胃)”可知，提到1800万头蓝鲸是为了凸显塑料垃圾数量惊人。故选D项。
考点二 考查目的和意图题
命题预测
（2026·浙江省北斗星盟高三一模）
Yvette Henry was in her kitchen fixing up dinner. So were all four of her kids. Then she remembered a TikTok video about “living room kids” and “bedroom kids,” and realized she and her husband had built a home dynamic where their children felt emotionally safe in shared spaces.
A living room kid refers to a child who spends much of their home time in shared spaces such as the living room, kitchen or dining room. A bedroom kid refers to a child who spends most of their free time in the privacy of their bedroom. If you’re a parent, pay attention to your children’s needs and what rooms they prefer. There’s nothing wrong with either.
Why is Yvette Henry’s story mentioned in the first paragraph
A．To present a parenting concept.
B．To criticize a common family problem.
C．To introduce a popular social media platform.
D．To highlight the importance of family harmony.
考点二 考查目的和意图题
命题预测
【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Yvette Henry was in her kitchen fixing up dinner. So were all four of her kids. Then she remembered a TikTok video about “living room kids” and “bedroom kids,” and realized she and her husband had built a home dynamic where their children felt emotionally safe in shared spaces. (Yvette Henry当时正在厨房准备晚餐，她的四个孩子也都在厨房帮忙。这时，她想起了一个关于“客厅孩子”（指常待在客厅等共享空间的孩子）和“卧室孩子”（指常待在自己卧室的孩子）的TikTok视频，随即意识到，她和丈夫营造了一种家庭氛围，让孩子们在共享空间里能感受到情感上的安全。)”以及第二段中“A living room kid refers to a child who spends much of their home time in shared spaces such as the living room, kitchen or dining room. A bedroom kid refers to a child who spends most of their free time in the privacy of their bedroom. (“客厅孩子”指的是那些在家时大部分时间都待在客厅、厨房或餐厅等共享空间里的孩子。“卧室孩子”则是指那些大部分空闲时间都在自己卧室这个私密空间里度过的孩子。)”可知，第一段通过讲述了Yvette Henry一家的情况，提出了“客厅孩子”和“卧室孩子”两个概念；接着文章围绕“客厅孩子”和“卧室孩子”展开讨论，介绍了这两种不同的家庭动态。由此可推断，第一段提到Yvette Henry的故事是为了呈现一种育儿观念，即关注孩子在家庭共享空间和私人空间中的不同表现和需求。故选A项。
考点三 考查写作态度题
真题动向
（2024·全国甲卷·阅读理解C31）
Doctors see up to 150 patients every day. The train’s equipment allows for basic checkups. “I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned,” says Ducke. “They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want. ”
31. What is Ducke’s attitude toward the Saint Lukas’ services
A. Appreciative. B. Doubtful C. Ambiguous. D. Cautious.
【答案】A
【解析】推断判断题。根据最后一段的““I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned, ” says Ducke. “They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want. ”(“医生和他们的助手在这么小的空间里工作和生活，但仍然保持专注和非常关注，这给我留下了深刻的印象，”Ducke说。这是许多农村人获得他们想要的治疗的最好机会。”)”可知，Ducke对Saint Lukas的服务持赞赏的态度，故选A。
考点三 考查写作态度题
真题动向
（2023 新高考全国Ⅰ卷·阅读理解D35）
In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates Did they follow those least willing to change their minds This happened some of the time, but it wasn’t the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.”Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.
( )35.What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’ studies
A. Unclear. B. Dismissive. C. Doubtful. D. Approving.
【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.”可知,虽然纳瓦哈斯领导的研究有局限性,仍然存在许多问题,但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响是巨大的。由此推知,作者对纳瓦哈斯的研究表示一定的赞许和支持。
考点三 考查写作态度题
必备知识
知识点：如何判断观点态度题
（1） 思维导图
（2）解题方法：
做此类题目必须透过文章的字面意义去理解。作者的态度和观点无非也就是三种：支持、赞同、乐观；反对、批评、怀疑、悲观；中立、客观。作者的态度和观点常用一些形容词、副词和不定意义的动词来表达，如possible, impossible, seem, strange等。
褒义词有：supportive(支持的)；positive(积极的)；optimistic(乐观的)；enthusiastic(热情的)等。
贬义词有：negative(否定的，消极的)；ironic(讽刺的)；critical(批评的)；disgusted(厌恶的)；disappointed(失望的)等。
中性词有：indifferent(漠不关心的)；uninterested(不感兴趣的)；objective(客观的)；neutral(中立的)等。
考点三 考查写作态度题
命题预测
（2026·河南省天一大联考顶尖计划）
Scientific evidence now supports what these farmers have long understood. A recent study in Nature Communications Earth & Environment found that over half of the recognised Afro-descendant lands lie within the most biologically rich regions on Earth. In Ecuador, the figure reaches an astonishing 99%. Forest loss within these territories is 29% lower than in state-protected areas and 55% lower than in their surroundings — evidence that traditional cultivation can be one of nature’s most effective friends.
The roots of this knowledge reach back to the 1500s, when Africans carried their farming wisdom across the Atlantic. Once in the Americas, they combined African and local crops — beans, rice, peas, and others — to create sustainable gardens. By imitating (模仿) the forest’s diversity to survive unseen, they unknowingly built a lasting model of coexistence with nature.
Today, surrounded by endless sugar fields, only a few old family farms are left. Yet inside them, scientists keep finding hundreds of kinds of plants and insects — a living sign of strength and new life. “Food forests,” González says, “are everything. They are life itself, wherever they grow.”
What is the author’s attitude towards food forests
A．Critical. B．Doubtful. C．Appreciative. D．Uncaring.
考点三 考查写作态度题
命题预测
【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段“Forest loss within these territories is 29% lower than in state-protected areas and 55% lower than in their surroundings — evidence that traditional cultivation can be one of nature’s most effective friends.(这些区域的森林消失率，比国家保护区低29%，比周边区域低55%——这一事实证明，传统耕作模式可以成为助力自然保护的绝佳方式之一)”以及最后一段“Yet inside them, scientists keep finding hundreds of kinds of plants and insects — a living sign of strength and new life. (然而，在这些森林中，科学家们不断发现数百种植物和昆虫——这是力量和新生的鲜活标志)”可推知，作者对食物森林持赞赏态度。故选C项。
考点四 考查描述人物或事件特征
真题动向
（2023 新高考全国Ⅱ卷·阅读理解B26）
Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden programme at four low-income schools. The programme aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.
Jaramillo’s students live in neighbourhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks,” she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new.
Urban Sprouts’ classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands-on experiments such as soil testing, flower-and-seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and work in the garden. Several times a year, students cook the vegetables they grow, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools.
Programme evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes.“We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now they’re eating differently,” Jaramillo says.
She adds that the programme’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,” she says, “and they feel successful.”
( )26.Which of the following best describes the impact of the programme
A. Far-reaching. B. Predictable. C. Short-lived. D. Unidentifiable.
考点四 考查描述人物或事件特征
真题动向
【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“…the programme’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students…”可知,该项目的好处不仅限于营养。一些学生对园艺工作非常感兴趣,他们会把种子带回家,开始种自己的菜园。此外,在花园工作似乎对Jaramillo的接受特殊教育的学生有镇静作用。由此可推知,这个项目的影响是深远的。故选A项。
描写人物、事物特征的形容词
generous慷慨的；brave勇敢的；demanding要求高的; 苛求的; 费力的; 要求极严的; 难满足的；impatient不耐烦的； outgoing外向的；easy-going随和的；organized有条理的；modest谦虚的；optimistic乐观的；cautious小心，谨慎的；caring乐于助人的; 关心他人的; 体贴人的； skillful熟练的; 灵巧的; 擅长于 (at; in); 制作精巧的；responsible负责任的； determined有决心的；modest谦虚的；creative有创造力的；ambitious有雄心的；adventurous冒险的；cooperative 有合作意识的；honest诚实的；capable adj. 有能力的,有才能的；confident adj.自信的；diligent adj.勤奋的；voluntary adj.自愿的,主动的；energetic adj. 精力旺盛的；humorous adj.幽默的；enthusiastic adj.热情的；experienced adj.有经验的；intelligent聪明的; 智能的; 有才智的; 悟性强的; 有智力的; grateful感激的；helpful有帮助的；talkative健谈的；athletic运动型; 体育运动的; 健壮的；patient有耐心的；innovative创新的；tolerant忍受的；positive 积极的；committed坚信的; 尽心尽力的; 坚定的；considerate 体贴的；ashamed惭愧的; regretful后悔的；disappointed失望的；amazed吃惊的；satisfied满意的；disappointed失望的；shocked震惊的；overjoyed过度高兴的；pleased满意的；indifferent冷漠的；sorrowful悲伤的；sympathetic同情的；hardworking勤劳的；embarrassed尴尬的；proud自豪的； courageous勇敢的; 无畏的；independent独立的；sensitive敏感的。
考点四 考查描述人物或事件特征
必备知识
知识点：如何判断人物或事件的特征
（1）人物和事件特征的设问方式
1．Which of the following best describes......
2．According to the text, which words can best describe ......
3.Which of the following best describe ...... according to Paragraph ...
4.How would the author feel about the outcome of the event
5.What did the author think of ......
（2）解题技巧
把描述人物的性格特征的词一一列出，基本上考题不会超出这些词汇，考前把它们的意思记熟。预测每个词需要和什么样的事迹相对应，这样在考场上就能迅速地找到答案。对这种题要迅速解决，以给其他试题提供做题时间。
考点四 考查描述人物或事件特征
命题预测
（2026·湖南省湖南师范大学附属中学月考五）
Yang Tianzhen, a judge on the show, remarks that Fang embodies the, resilient spirit of Chinese women with strength created from misfortune. Tan Xiaobong, producer of the show, admits she initially had doubts when first encountering Fang’s audition tape. When they met in person, all her doubts vanished. Her raw authenticity and strong ability to consistently transform life experiences into comedy made casting her an undeniable choice.
Raised in poverty, Fang left school early for factory work. After marriage, she carried heavy domestic duties. Discovering comedy through podcasts opened a new world. After initial struggles at open mics, she found her voice. “Stand-up soon became my edy helped me make peace with life,” Fang edy became both emotional relief and a path to independence. She concluded powerfully by marking her milestones: signing as a comedian on April 8, 2023. Moreover, her daughter praised her natural talent and perseverance, seeing her as an inspiring example.
Which two words best describe Fang Zhuren
A．Resilient and persistent. B．Ambitious and arrogant.
C．Cautious and conservative. D．Humorous and considerate.
考点四 考查描述人物或事件特征
命题预测
【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段第一句评委的评价“Fang embodies the resilient spirit of Chinese women with strength created from misfortune.(房主任身上体现了中国女性在困境中淬炼出力量的坚韧精神)”，以及第五段“After initial struggles at open mics, she found her voice.(在经历了开放麦初期的挣扎后，她找到了自己的表演风格)”和以及“Moreover, her daughter praised her natural talent and perseverance, seeing her as an inspiring example.(此外，她的女儿称赞她天赋过人且坚韧不拔，将她视为催人奋进的榜样)”可知，Resilient（坚韧的）和persistent（执着的）最能精准描述房主任的性格特质。故选A项。
描述词补充
描述人物特征：generous慷慨的；brave勇敢的；demanding要求高的；苛求的；费力的；要求极严的；难满足的；impatient不耐烦的；outgoing外向的；easy-going随和的；
描述事件特征：grateful感激的；helpful有帮助的；innovative创新的；positive积极的；ashamed惭愧的；regretful后悔的；disappointed失望的；amazed吃惊的；satisfied满意的；disappointed失望的；shocked震惊的；pleased满意的；indifferent冷漠的；sorrowful悲伤的；sympathetic同情的；sensitive敏感的。
考点五 考查文章出处
真题动向
Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object—the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world. The image of the reader appears throughout history, in art made long before books as we now know them came into being. In artists’ representations of books and reading, we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time.
In this “book of books”, artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed (描绘) alone in many settings and poses—absorbed in a volume, deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate to.
Books themselves may be used symbolically in paintings to demonstrate the intellect (才智), wealth or faith of the subject. Before the wide use of the printing press, books were treasured objects and could be works of art in their own right. More recently, as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway, artists have used them as the raw material for artworks—transforming covers, pages or even complete volumes into paintings and sculptures.
Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed to make the printed page outdated. From a 21st-century point of view, the printed book is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader. To serve its function, a book must be activated by a user: the cover opened, the pages parted, the contents reviewed, perhaps notes written down or words underlined. And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked, a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, “off-line” activity.
( )28.Where is the text most probably taken from
A. An introduction to a book. B. An essay on the art of writing.
C.A guidebook to a museum. D.A review of modern paintings.
（2023 新高考全国Ⅱ卷·阅读理解C28）
考点五 考查文章出处
真题动向
【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object—the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world.”(《阅读艺术:书籍爱好者的艺术》是对一种日常物品——书籍的颂扬,在这本书中,书籍被来自世界各地博物馆的近三百件艺术品展示。)及下文内容可知,本文主要是对于《阅读艺术:书籍爱好者的艺术》这本书的介绍。由此可推知,本文可能取自对一本书的介绍。故选A项。
第一步：扫描题干，识别关键词如, poster海报，travel brochure旅游指南，journal杂志，instruction说明书, digest文摘，science journal科学期刊等词。
第二步：浏览全文，特别关注第一段和最后一段，找到文章主旨句。在应用文中，还要重点关注小标题。牢记选项词。
第三步：对文中信息及各类出处综合特点进行对比分析，核对选项。
考点五 考查文章出处
必备知识
知识点：如何判断文章出处题
（1）思维导图
考点五 考查文章出处
必备知识
知识点：如何判断文章出处题
（2）文章出处的设问方式
①Where is this text probably taken from
②In which section of a website can the text appear
（3）解题技巧
“推断文章出处”类试题应从文章的内容或结构入手来判断其出处：
旅游指南类文章(a travel guide)：此类文章旨在介绍某一旅游景点的自然景观和人文特色，目的是吸引游客来访。
广告英语类文章(an advertisement)：现代生活中广告无处不在，英语阅读理解也是如此。有时会考查微型海报、通知、启示、时刻表、图表等。
课件展示类文章(a class presentation)：此类文章往往紧扣主题，口语性强、语言活泼，形式新颖，伴随有图片、图表、文字介绍等信息。
网络网页类文章(an Internet page)：此类文章往往会提供超级链接标志，如For more information, please click here.
考点五 考查文章出处
必备知识
新闻报道类文章(a news report)：此类文章内容广泛，涉及人物、时政、教育、体育、科技等，突出新颖性、突发性和真实性。新闻呈“倒金字塔”结构，第一段概括全文内容最重要。
研究报告类文章(a research paper)：此类文章重点介绍科技领域最新研究成果：新发现、新思想、新发明。第一段概括介绍，然后分段陈述。文章结构严谨，语言规范，句式复杂。
图书评论类文章(a book review)：书评、影评类文章涉及到作者介绍，内容梗概、人物性格评论，写作特色以及个人好恶等内容。
科普杂志类文章(a science magazine)：此类文章内容广泛，涉及到日常生活习惯、健康饮食、太空与海洋、创造与发明、计算机发展、人类未来、动物世界等。其重点是普及科学知识，提高科学素养。
考点五 考查文章出处
命题预测
（2026·河南省青桐鸣高三12月联考）
A new high-strength, degradable surgical adhesive (黏合剂) developed at the South China University of Technology offers a simple and highly effective way to stop bleeding, seal air leaks in the lungs, and even repair broken bones. Created by Professor Shi Xuetao and his team, this new type of glue represents a major breakthrough in medical adhesives.
Where is the text probably taken from
A．A medical textbook.
B．A personal blog post.
C．A product advertisement.
D．A science news report.
考点五 考查文章出处
命题预测
（2026·河南省青桐鸣高三12月联考）
A new high-strength, degradable surgical adhesive (黏合剂) developed at the South China University of Technology offers a simple and highly effective way to stop bleeding, seal air leaks in the lungs, and even repair broken bones. Created by Professor Shi Xuetao and his team, this new type of glue represents a major breakthrough in medical adhesives.
【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段“A new high-strength, degradable surgical adhesive (黏合剂) developed at the South China University of Technology offers a simple and highly effective way to stop bleeding, seal air leaks in the lungs, and even repair broken bones. Created by Professor Shi Xuetao and his team, this new type of glue represents a major breakthrough in medical adhesives.结合文章主要说明了华南理工大学团队研发出一种高强度可降解医用黏合剂，可止血、封肺漏气、修骨折，对肺部伤口密封率达100%，已进入技术转化阶段，有望提升手术效果与患者安全性。可知，文章是一则科学新闻报道。故选D。
考点六 考查预测文章走势
真题动向
（2023 全国乙卷·阅读理解C31）
What comes into your mind when you think of British food Probably fish and chips, or a Sunday dinner of meat and two vegetables. But is British food really so uninteresting Even though Britain has a reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine, it is producing more top class chefs who appear frequently on our television screens and whose recipe books frequently top the best seller lists.
It’s thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat-and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits. It is recently reported that the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain’s consumers would like to change or improve their cooking in some way. There has been a rise in the number of students applying for food courses at UK universities and colleges. It seems that TV programmes have helped change what people think about cooking.
According to a new study from market analysts, 1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes on TV has encouraged them to try different food. Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients(配料) than they used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before. One in four adults say that TV chefs have made them much more confident about expanding their cookery knowledge and skills, and young people are also getting more interested in cooking. The UK's obsession(痴迷) with food is reflected through television scheduling. Cookery shows and documentaries about food are broadcast more often than before. With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it’s no longer “uncool” for boys to like cooking.
( )31.What might the author continue talking about
A. The art of cooking in other countries.
B. Male chefs on TV programmes.
C. Table manners in the UK.
D. Studies of big eaters.
考点六 考查预测文章走势
真题动向
（2023 全国乙卷·阅读理解C31）
What comes into your mind when you think of British food Probably fish and chips, or a Sunday dinner of meat and two vegetables. But is British food really so uninteresting Even though Britain has a reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine, it is producing more top class chefs who appear frequently on our television screens and whose recipe books frequently top the best seller lists.
It’s thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat-and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits. It is recently reported that the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain’s consumers would like to change or improve their cooking in some way. There has been a rise in the number of students applying for food courses at UK universities and colleges. It seems that TV programmes have helped change what people think about cooking.
According to a new study from market analysts, 1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes on TV has encouraged them to try different food. Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients(配料) than they used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before. One in four adults say that TV chefs have made them much more confident about expanding their cookery knowledge and skills, and young people are also getting more interested in cooking. The UK's obsession(痴迷) with food is reflected through television scheduling. Cookery shows and documentaries about food are broadcast more often than before. With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it’s no longer “uncool” for boys to like cooking.
【答案】B
【解析】推理判断题。根据文章尾句“With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it s no longer ‘uncool’ for boys to like cooking.”可知,随着越来越多的男厨师出现在电视上,男孩喜欢烹饪已经不再是“不酷”的事了。由此可推知,接下来作者可能会接着讨论电视节目上的男厨师们。故选B项。
考点六 考查预测文章走势
真题动向
（2023 全国乙卷·阅读理解C31）
What comes into your mind when you think of British food Probably fish and chips, or a Sunday dinner of meat and two vegetables. But is British food really so uninteresting Even though Britain has a reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine, it is producing more top class chefs who appear frequently on our television screens and whose recipe books frequently top the best seller lists.
It’s thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat-and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits. It is recently reported that the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain’s consumers would like to change or improve their cooking in some way. There has been a rise in the number of students applying for food courses at UK universities and colleges. It seems that TV programmes have helped change what people think about cooking.
According to a new study from market analysts, 1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes on TV has encouraged them to try different food. Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients(配料) than they used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before. One in four adults say that TV chefs have made them much more confident about expanding their cookery knowledge and skills, and young people are also getting more interested in cooking. The UK's obsession(痴迷) with food is reflected through television scheduling. Cookery shows and documentaries about food are broadcast more often than before. With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it’s no longer “uncool” for boys to like cooking.
做这类题时，应把握作者的写作思路(如文章可能按事件发展的经过描写，也可能按因果关系，对比关系来叙述)，从而作出比较科学的，合情合理的猜测。和原文中表达一致的答案，一定不能选。
考点六 考查预测文章走势
必备知识
知识点：如何判断文章走势
（1）判断方式
利用因果关系推断、利用对比关系推断、利用文章最后一段的内容及最后几句话推断。
（2）文章走势的设问方式
1. What will be discussed further in the coming paragraph
2．What may the researchers do next according to the last paragraph
3．What would the author most probably discuss next
4．Where does the article go next
5.What would the following paragraph talk about
（3）解题技巧
对事件可能的结局或下一段可能涉及的内容等进行猜测推理。做此类题目时，务必把握作者的写作思路，如文章可能按事件发展的经过描写，也可能按因果关系、对比关系来叙述，从而做出比较科学的、合情合理的预测判断。特别要注意文章最后一段的内容及最后几句话。
考点六 考查预测文章走势
命题预测
（2026·河南省湘豫联考）
From their remains it becomes possible to piece together certain facts about ancient societies on the tip of civilization. First, it is clear that the earliest settlements already had significant social divisions. Hunter-gatherer societies have very few social divisions. All members of the group are roughly equal in social power. One of the features of civilization is the increasing complexity of social divisions, and with them, of social grade. In Catal Huyuk, tombs (坟墓) have revealed that some people were buried with jewelry and wealth, while others were buried with practically nothing. It is very clear that even at such an ancient time, there were already major divisions between rich and poor.
What would the text discuss about next
A．A further illustration of social divisions. B．The complexity of these early settlements.
C．The exploration of ancient burial practices. D．A contrast of the agricultural productivity.
考点六 考查预测文章走势
命题预测
【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“First, it is clear that the earliest settlements already had significant social divisions. Hunter-gatherer societies have very few social divisions. All members of the group are roughly equal in social power. One of the features of civilization is the increasing complexity of social divisions, and with them, of social grade. In Catal Huyuk, tombs (坟墓) have revealed that some people were buried with jewelry and wealth, while others were buried with practically nothing. It is very clear that even at such an ancient time, there were already major divisions between rich and poor.(首先，很明显，最早的定居点已经有了显著的社会划分。狩猎采集社会几乎没有社会分化。这个群体的所有成员在社会权力上大致相等。文明的特征之一是社会划分日益复杂，社会等级也随之复杂。在catalal Huyuk，坟墓显示，一些人被埋葬时带着珠宝和财富，而另一些人被埋葬时几乎什么都没有。很明显，即使在如此古老的时代，贫富之间也已经有了很大的分歧)”可知，文章最后聚焦早期定居点的社会分化，按行文逻辑，接下来可能会进一步阐释这一社会分化现象。故选A项。
考点七 考查写作手法
真题动向
（2025年新高考一卷·阅读理解D32；2.5分）
Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans.
32. How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph
A. By quoting an expert. B. By defining a concept.
C. By giving examples. D. By providing statistics.
【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段内容“Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans.(微塑料已经成为地球上常见的污染源——它们出现在在深海和喜马拉雅山上，被困在火山岩中，填满海鸟的胃，甚至落在南极的新雪中。它们甚至出现了在人类身体里。)”可推断，作者通过举例提出微塑料污染的问题。故选C。
考点七 考查写作手法
必备知识
知识点：写作手法题解题指导
类型
1、指文章的组织方式；2、全文或某个段落所运用的写作方法。
题目特点:
How did the researchers carry out the new study
How did researchers collect evidence for the study
How did the researchers reach their conclusion
This advertisement is made more believable by
The author supports his view by
How did the two professors reach the conclusion of their study
In which way did researchers draw a conclusion
必备词汇:
by analyzing different categories分析不同的类别
analyzing the reasons分析原因
classifying分类
考点七 考查写作手法
必备知识
comparing data比较数据
comparing the statistics比较统计数据
conducting experiments进行实验
写作手法题解题技巧
根据"原文定位"来判断
先根据题干判断是具体某段还是全文写作手法，然后寻找标志词，进而找到答案。
①by giving examples 通过举例。标志词:for example，for instance
②by analyzing causes通过分析原因。标志词:as a result/consequence!ens
③by giving definition通过下定义。标志词:that is to say
④by listing data statistics/figures通过列数字。标志词:具体数字
⑤by describing a process通过描述过程。标志词:first，second，third，finally
⑥by following time order遵作时间顺序。标志词:in1920，in the 1940s，nowadays
⑦by making comparison/contrast通过对比。标志词:but, while,
⑧by making classifications 过分类。标志词:first.next.then
⑨by analyzing cause and effect 通过分析因果。标志词:That is because....
考点七 考查写作手法
命题预测
（2026·辽宁省点石联考东北“三省一区”月考）
The device was tested in a study with more than 12,700 people over the course of a year. The results showed that the AI stethoscope was able to detect unusual heart activity that a doctor might miss with a traditional stethoscope. Patients examined with the AI stethoscope were also twice as likely to have their heart failure spotted. And the device was 3.5 times more likely to detect atrial fibrillation, which is an irregular heartbeat, and was better at detecting when one or more of a patient’s heart valves were not working properly.
How does the author prove the new stethoscope’s effectiveness
A．By quoting experts. B．By providing data.
C．By analyzing causes. D．By offering comments.
考点七 考查写作手法
命题预测
【答案】B
【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段中的“The device was tested in a study with more than 12,700 people over the course of a year. The results showed that the AI stethoscope was able to detect unusual heart activity that a doctor might miss with a traditional stethoscope. Patients examined with the AI stethoscope were also twice as likely to have their heart failure spotted. And the device was 3.5 times more likely to detect atrial fibrillation, which is an irregular heartbeat, and was better at detecting when one or more of a patient’s heart valves were not working properly.(这款设备在一项为期一年、涉及12700多人的研究中接受了测试。结果显示，这款人工智能听诊器能够检测出医生使用传统听诊器可能遗漏的心脏异常活动。使用该听诊器检查的患者，其心力衰竭被发现的概率也提高了一倍。而且该设备检测心房颤动（一种心律不齐症状）的概率是传统听诊器的3.5倍，在检测患者心脏瓣膜异常方面也表现更优。)”可知，作者通过列举具体数据来证明这款新型听诊器的检测有效性。故选B项。
考点八 考查读者对象
真题动向
（2026·四川省成都市诊断性考试）
We have been busy working on some exciting changes to our free collection displays at Tate Britain. Discover new stories and voices alongside much-loved familiar favourites.
Carnation, Lily, Lily, Rose by John Singer Sargent
In Carnation, Lily, Lily, Rose (1885) John Singer Sargent paints two children from life as they light Chinese lanterns in a garden of flowers on a twilit summer evening. It took almost a year to finish, probably because he could only paint for a few minutes every evening when the light was exactly right.
Ophelia by Sir John Everett Millais, Baronet
Ophelia (1851) is a visitor favourite, our top-selling postcard and one of the most popular Pre-Raphaelite works in Tate's collection. Millais painted the tragic death of Shakespeare's Ophelia in painstaking detail over many months. Artist, poet and model Elizabeth Siddal posed for the painting, wearing a wedding dress in a bathtub of water in Millais's studio.
Norham Castle, Sunrise by JMW Turner
Norham Castle, Sunrise (1845) is an unfinished painting created late in JMW Turner's career. Turner saw the castle during his first tour of Northern Britain and painted the scene many times in his life.
Dreams Have No Titles by Zineb Sedira
Dreams Have No Titles (2022) is a film combining the artist’s life story with fiction and documentary and using non-professional actors. Sedira, her parents, son and friends all appear in this film about community and connection. It was made during the 60th anniversary of Algeria’s independence from French occupation.
Who is this text most probably intended for
A．Book collectors. B．Film lovers.
C．Art enthusiasts. D．Environmental activists.
考点八 考查读者对象
必备知识
知识点： 读者对象题解题指导
1.【提问方式】
1) Who is the passage written for_____
2) The text is written mainly for_____.
3) Who are the intended readers of the passage
4) The passage is probably written for______.
5) Who might be most interested in this piece of information
6) The passage is probably written by________.
2.【技巧点拨】
要理解短文内容，特别是要从作者的措辞和语气去判断这篇文章是为谁而写和哪些人写的。
考点八 考查读者对象
命题预测
（2026·河南省新未来质量检测）
But more than definition and clarification, we need contextualization — to look around the term as we use it and see when and how it’s used, and what kind of reaction it causes when that happens. Here, there’s a lot to look at: how to teach it, how to assess it, what role it plays in the learning process, how to use it in misleading school mission statements, how to casually drop it in classroom walkthroughs or walkthrough documents.
Who is most likely to be the target audience for this article
A．profession seekers. B．Course designers.
C．Thoughtful parents. D．Self-learning students.
考点八 考查读者对象
命题预测
（2026·河南省新未来质量检测）
But more than definition and clarification, we need contextualization — to look around the term as we use it and see when and how it’s used, and what kind of reaction it causes when that happens. Here, there’s a lot to look at: how to teach it, how to assess it, what role it plays in the learning process, how to use it in misleading school mission statements, how to casually drop it in classroom walkthroughs or walkthrough documents.
【答案】B
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Here, there’s a lot to look at: how to teach it, how to assess it, what role it plays in the learning process, how to use it in misleading school mission statements, how to casually drop it in classroom walkthroughs or walkthrough documents.(在这里，有很多内容值得探讨：如何教授它、如何评估它、它在学习过程中扮演着怎样的角色、如何将其运用在具有误导性的学校使命宣言中、又如何在课堂巡查或巡查报告中随意提及它)”可知，课程设计者最有可能是本文的目标读者。故选B。
考点九 考查文章结构
真题动向
（北京西城模拟）
Plants, and the insects which rely on them, are the living foundations of our planet. But these foundations are under stress because we have a tendency to replace fields and forests with decorative trees and shrubs imported from around the world. Adding to the problem, our obsession (痴迷) with perfection leads us to use a lot of pesticides (杀虫剂).
These actions are part of the reason global biodiversity is crashing. There are over three billion fewer wild birds in North America than there were in 1970. Recent research shows that insect numbers, even in nature reserves, have fallen, and 40 percent of all insect species may be extinct within a few decades. This is discouraging news; however, there are actions we can take to help bring at least some species back.
The first step is to redefine our concept of “garden” to include more than just plants. We need to intentionally share our space, and not just with the birds, bees and butterflies that visit our flowers, but also with the little insects that may eat a part (very rarely all) of our plants. Therefore, we must limit pesticide use. It’s crucial to support nature’s recovery, and it’s much better for everyone: no doctor has ever recommended long-term exposure to pesticides.
Many drought-tolerant plants brought in from across the planet are being passed off as ecofriendly. However, mostly they’re not. Yes, you’re saving water, but these foreign plants can become disasters when they escape our yards. Helping the environment can be about more than saving water. Even in drier areas, like the American West, the selection of attractive native plants to choose from is vast. If dry is your style, there are native wildflowers, flowering bushes and trees that allow you to save water and nature.
Xeriscapes (节水型园艺) leave many gardeners thirsting for green, and there’s an important alternative that has been largely ignored. For those disenchanted with dry landscaping, using underappreciated and water-loving native plants to make your garden a real-life oasis (绿洲) could be lifesaving to wildlife. In nature, this unsung group of native plants is limited to riparian zones, the narrow belts of green along water bodies, but if consumers demand them, nurseries will increasingly carry these riparian species, and the presence of such plants in the garden will provide for many animals including not just butterflies and their relatives but also colorful birds.
考点九 考查文章结构
真题动向
The ideal garden would offer a combination of drought-tolerant native plants and a few species that need a little more water, providing options for little guests and the bigger ones that will come to eat them. As more creatures stop by to share our yards, we will be making nature, and us all, a little healthier.
Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage
CP: Central Point P: Point Sp: Sub-point C: Conclusion
A. B.
C. D.
【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。文章第一段指出植物以及依赖它们的昆虫是我们星球的生命基础，但这个基础目前的状况并不乐观，并指出了造成这种情况的原因；第二段举例说明全球生物多样性减少，并引出下文的解决措施；这是中心论点。第三段开始讲解决问题的措施，提出了减少农药的使用；第四段和第五段谈的是节水措施；最后一段提出了理想的花园要有耐旱的本地植物和一些需要更多水的植物，就此得出结论，即人们要帮助大自然保持其生物多样性，因此文章的结构应为D项。故选D。
考点九 考查文章结构
必备知识
知识点：文章结构解题指导
1.篇章结构主要的设题方式常有：
（1）How is the passage organized
（2）Which of the following best shows the structure/organization of the passage
（3）What will the author most probably talk about next
（4）The author develops the passage mainly by _________.
（5）The first paragraph serves as a（n） __________.
（6）The example of … is given to show/illustrate that__________.
2.篇章结构主要的解题策略常有：
（1）了解文章结构的组织形式。从段落组织方式上讲，常见的文章结构有三种：总分式结构（总→分；总→分→总；分→总）、并列式结构（段落之间是平行关系，并且相对独立）、对照式结构（结构形式上是一正一反）。
考点九 考查文章结构
必备知识
（2）了解文章的论证方法。从论证方法上讲，常见的议论文结构有以下两类： Put forward a question →Analyze the question → Solve the question 即“提出问题、分析问题、解决问题”的过程；Argument/idea → Evidence → conclusion/ restating the idea 即“由论点到论据到结论或者强调论点”的过程。
（3）了解文章的修辞手法。从修辞手法上讲，在高考阅读中主要考查下定义、分类说明、列举例证和对比等写作手法。其中，“引用”和“例证”是议论文和说明文中最常用的写作手法之一。是历年 高考阅读试题中必不可缺的命题方向。“引用”和“例证”的共同目的就是增强说服力，以更好的达到说理、说明的目的。“引用”和“例证”的共同功能就是服务于段落或篇章的主题。
考点一 考查引申推断题
考点二 考查目的和意图题
考点三 考查写作态度题
考点四 考查描述人物或事件特征
考点五 考查文章出处
考点六 考查预测文章走势
考点七 考查写作手法
考点八 考查读者对象
考点九 考查文章结构
真题动向 考查考生通过阅读语篇进行推理判断的能力
必备知识 如何进行引申推断：（1）思维导图（2）引申推断的设问方式（3）错误选项的特点（4）解题技巧
关键能力 根据文章中的定位内容进行引申推断，得出相应的结论
命题预测 考向 根据文章中的定位内容进行引申推断，得出相应的结论
析·考情精解
01
构·知能架构
02
破·考点攻坚
03
剖析考情动向 精研考点分布
析·考情精解
part one
01
析·考情精解
命题轨迹透视 从近三年高考试题来看，阅读理解中考查推理判断题5个左右，题目难度较大。命题趋势：在语篇中考查学生根据文章内容进行推理判断的能力。 考点频次总结 考点 2025年 2024年 2023年
引申推断 2025年新高考一卷（阅读理解B27；2.5分） 2025年新高考一卷（阅读理解B25；2.5分） 2024新课标I卷（C31） 2024全国甲卷（B29） 2023年新高考全国I卷（阅读理解B27）
2023年新高考全国I卷（阅读理解C30、31）
写作目的和意图 2025年全国一卷（阅读理解D34；2.5分） 2024·新课标I卷（阅读B27，2.5） 2023 新高考全国Ⅱ卷（阅读理解C31）
2023 新高考全国Ⅰ卷（阅读理解B26）
对人或事物的描述或评价 2025年1月浙江卷·阅读逻辑（B27，2.5分） 2023 新高考全国Ⅱ卷（阅读理解B26）
2026命题预测 预计在2026年高考中，会以多种体裁和题材语篇为命题情景，考查考生根据文章内容进行推理判断的能力，阅读理解中的推理判断题是必考点。 构·知能架构
part two
02
搭建知识网络 整合能力体系
构·知能架构
破·考点攻坚
part three
03
破解考点规律 攻克解题难关
考点一 考查引申推断题
真题动向
1. （2025年新高考一卷·阅读理解B27；2.5分）
I walked into class believing that writing is important as a means of communication. However, my students demonstrated something more important to me. When the final bell rang in June, I walked away with a yearbook full of messages about writing’s most powerful significance — the ability to connect people, to put us in another’s skin, to teach us what it means to be human.
27. What does the author’s experience show
A. Teaching is learning. B. Still waters run deep.
C. Knowledge is power. D. Practice makes perfect.
命题解读 新情境：文章以一名写作课老师，通过教学实践逐渐认识到学生写作动力的来源以及写作真正意义的成长故事为命题情境，培养学生推理判断能力。
新考法：考查考生根据语境进行推理判断的能力。
新角度：本题命题人打破技巧方法，采用根据事实细节进行推理判断的能力，考查角度新颖。
【答案】A
【解析】A推理判断题。根据最后一段“I walked into class believing that writing is important as a means of communication. However, my students demonstrated something more important to me. When the final bell rang in June, I walked away with a yearbook full of messages about writing’s most powerful significance — the ability to connect people, to put us in another’s skin, to teach us what it means to be human. 结合全文内容可知，文章通过作者的教学经历，说明她在教导学生的同时，自己也领悟到写作的真正意义，这一过程体现了“教学相长”的理念。选项A“Teaching is learning(教学相长)”符合文中描述的作者通过教学获得的新认识。故选A。
考点一 考查引申推断题
真题动向
（2025年新高考一卷·阅读理解B25；2.5分）
But things were different for their first essay, which was about the question: “Why is writing important ” Most of the essays filled less than one page, and few contained a sentence that could be interpreted as a thesis (论点) statement. I was shocked. Then I realized that the problem was the question itself. They could have written pages on the necessity of computers, but writing, in and of itself, simply didn’t strike them as important. This would have to change.
25. Why did the students perform poorly in writing their first essay
A. They were not given enough time. B. They had a very limited vocabulary.
C. They misunderstood the question. D. They had little interest in the topic.
【答案】D
【解析】D推理判断题。根据第二段中“Most of the essays filled less than one page, and few contained a sentence that could be interpreted as a thesis (论点) statement. I was shocked. Then I realized that the problem was the question itself. They could have written pages on the necessity of computers, but writing, in and of itself, simply didn’t strike them as important.可推知，学生们在写第一篇作文时表现不佳，是因为他们对写作这个话题本身不感兴趣。故选D。
考点一 考查引申推断题
必备知识
知识点：如何进行引申推断
根据阅读文章整体或某一段落的内容进行引申推断得出推断结果。引申推断的方法：1.通过分析文章内容，推断出文章中事实的结论，得出新的判断；2.推理判断的结论不是文章中的原句，而是在文章基础上，通过逻辑推理得出的结论。
（1）思维导图
能力：根据文章中的定位内容进行引申推断，得出相应的结论。
考点一 考查引申推断题
必备知识
（2）引申推断的设问方式
1. What can be inferred about the ......
2．What can be inferred about ......from the last paragraph
3．What can we learn from ......
4．What can we infer about ...... from the text
（3）错误选项的特点
1. 似是而非：只是对原文信息简单重述，而不是依据文章提供事实依据推断出来的结论。
2. 夸大事实：对文章的事实或证据进行夸大；有时，选项内容与原文一致无需推断。
3. 推理过度：选项往往过于绝对化或片面化(以偏概全)，有时会出现only, all等词语。
4. 掺入常识：根据考生已有常识是正确的，但不是根据文章中的证据推断出来的结论。
（4）解题技巧：
引申推断题属于深层理解题，要求根据语篇内容，推断具体细节。做此类题目关键是要正确把握文章的内在关系，理解文章的真正含义，要忠实于原文，千万不能主观臆断，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。
考点一 考查引申推断题
命题预测
After finishing his training, John started his own workshop. His days are now spent bringing damaged and aging furniture back to its former glory. The work is challenging, requiring careful analysis and a steady hand. However, the greatest reward comes from the emotional connection he builds with his clients. Often, they bring items of great emotional value — a grandmother’s favorite chair or a table around which a family has gathered for decades. Seeing their joyful reactions upon seeing a cherished piece restored is, for John, the most satisfying part of his job.
What can we infer from Paragraph 3 about John’s work
A．It mainly focuses on repairing expensive furniture
B．The emotional satisfaction outweighs the technical challenges
C．Clients often complain about the high cost of restoration
D．It requires little skill but much patience
（2026·江苏省扬州市七校月考）
考点一 考查引申推断题
命题预测
【答案】B、
【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段“The work is challenging, requiring careful analysis and a steady hand. However, the greatest reward comes from the emotional connection he builds with his clients. Often, they bring items of great emotional value — a grandmother’s favorite chair or a table around which a family has gathered for decades. Seeing their joyful reactions upon seeing a cherished piece restored is, for John, the most satisfying part of his job. (这项工作很有挑战性，需要仔细的分析和稳定的手。然而，最大的回报来自于他与客户建立的情感联系。他们经常带来具有巨大情感价值的物品——祖母最喜欢的椅子或一家人围坐了几十年的桌子。看到他们看到心爱的物品被修复后的喜悦反应，对John来说，这是他工作中最令人满意的部分。)”可知，John的工作虽然具有挑战性，但最大的回报来自于与客户建立的情感联系，看到他们心爱的物品被修复后的喜悦反应，这对他来说是最令人满意的部分。由此可推断，情感上的满足感超过了技术上的挑战。故选B。
考点一 考查引申推断题
命题预测
Two years ago, she felt trapped by endless housework and an unhappy marriage. She was desperate for an escape. The turning point came in March 2023 at a live show of a female comedian where, during audience interaction, Fang humorously introduced herself as “the director of the information center” in her village. Fang’s quick-witted, humorous answer stole the show, and the clip later went viral online.
Impressed, the comedian invited Fang to join a comedy training session, and even got Fang’s travel, accommodation, and training expenses covered. That marked the beginning of Fang’s journey into becoming a stand-up comedian. Stand-up became her-emotional release, giving her the courage to leave her 30-year marriage. In her debut-on the comedy competition, Fang delivered a hilarious yet touching set about how the stand-up comedy empowered her to divorce her husband and build a new life with her two daughters.
What can be inferred about Fang’s comedy training
A．It was funded by her family. B．It required years to complete.
C．It came after her viral moment. D．It focused on basic writing skills.
（2026·湖南省湖南师范大学附属中学月考五））
考点一 考查引申推断题
命题预测
【答案】C
【进行】推理判断题。根据第二段尾句“Fang’s quick-witted, humorous answer stole the show, and the clip later went viral online.(她机智又风趣的回答惊艳全场，相关片段随后在网上走红)”以及第三段首句“Impressed, the comedian invited Fang to join a comedy training session, and even got Fang’s travel, accommodation, and training expenses covered.(这位喜剧演员深受触动，邀请房主任参加喜剧训练营，甚至包揽了她的交通、住宿和培训费用)”可知，房主任是在视频走红之后，才获得了参加喜剧培训的机会。由此可推断，她的喜剧培训是在走红之后开展的。故选C项。
考点二 考查目的和意图题
真题动向
（2025年全国一卷·阅读理解D34；2.5分）
Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) to trap the plastics. In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent. Additionally, the research didn’t include all types of plastics. The team focused only on three common types — polystyrene, polyethylene and polypropylene — and they didn’t study other chemicals previously found in water such as vinyl chloride.
Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure — a task that’s becoming increasingly difficult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought.
34. What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning bottled water in paragraph 4
A. The importance of plastic recycling. B. The severity of the microplastic problem.
C. The danger in overusing pure water. D. The difficulty in treating polluted water.
【答案】B
【解析】B推理判断题。根据第四段的“Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure — a task that’s becoming increasingly diffcult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought.可推断，作者提到瓶装水是为了说明微塑料污染的严重性。故选B。
考点二 考查目的和意图题
真题动向
（2024·新课标I卷·阅读B27，2.5）
Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. “Sometimes it surprises me that it works so well,” he says. “I will do anything to help an animal. That’s my job.”
27. Why does the author mention the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association
A. To prove Farber’s point. B. To emphasize its importance.
C. To praise veterinarians. D. To advocate animal protection.
【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容“Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. ( 法伯确信，随着时间的推移，综合疗法会越来越受欢迎，如果过去有任何迹象的话，他可能是对的:自1982年以来，美国综合兽医协会的会员已经从30个增加到700多个。)”可知，法伯认为综合疗法会越来越受欢迎，随后作者列举了美国综合兽医协会的会员已经从30个增加到700多个的例子，因此推断美国整体兽医协会是为证明法伯的观点。故选A。
考点二 考查目的和意图题
必备知识
知识点：如何判断写作目的和意图
（1）思维导图
此类题型要求考生根据文章的论述，推测作者的写作意图及应用某种写作手法的目的。这类题型要求考生不仅能理解文章的内容，还要具备对作者所阐述的问题及使用的写作手法进行分析和归纳总结的能力。
考点二 考查目的和意图题
必备知识
（2）目的意图题的设问方式
What is the main purpose of the author writing the text
The purpose of the text is to get more people to _______.
The writer of the story wants to tell us that________.
The fact…is mentioned by the author to show________.
The author writers the last paragraph in order to ________.
（3）解题技巧：
写作意图推断题要求考生根据文章的论述，揣测作者的写作意图及作者运用某种写作手法的目的。作者一般不直接表明自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的事实，客观地使读者信服某种想法或观点。这种题型要求考生不但能理解文章的大意，同时还要具备对作者阐述问题的方法进行分析和归纳总结的能力。
一般来说，我们可以通过分析文章的文体特点，理解作者的词句选择和识别文章的语气来推断出作者的写作意图。
考点二 考查目的和意图题
命题预测
（2026·河北省邢台市高三月考）
Oceana also estimates that by 2030, an annual 602 million kilograms of the company’s plastic packaging will be polluting the world’s ocean and waterways. The report says that this amount is enough to fill the stomachs of 18 million blue whales. Oceana made its estimates using the company’s own reported data on its use of plastic packaging between 2018 and 2023, and a forecast of the company’s future sales growth based on past trends. A 2024 study found that a main product by the company is already the world’s worst plastic-polluting brand.
Why does the author mention “18 million blue whales” in paragraph 2
A．To report the data of the injured whales.
B．To prove the success of wildlife conservation.
C．To present the company’s future sales growth.
D．To show the shocking amount of plastic waste.
考点二 考查目的和意图题
命题预测
（2026·河北省邢台市高三月考）
Oceana also estimates that by 2030, an annual 602 million kilograms of the company’s plastic packaging will be polluting the world’s ocean and waterways. The report says that this amount is enough to fill the stomachs of 18 million blue whales. Oceana made its estimates using the company’s own reported data on its use of plastic packaging between 2018 and 2023, and a forecast of the company’s future sales growth based on past trends. A 2024 study found that a main product by the company is already the world’s worst plastic-polluting brand.
【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段“Oceana also estimates that by 2030, an annual 602 million kilograms of the company’s plastic packaging will be polluting the world’s ocean and waterways. The report says that this amount is enough to fill the stomachs of 18 million blue whales. (Oceana还估计，到2030年，该公司每年将有6.02亿公斤的塑料包装污染全球海洋和水道。报告称，这个数量足以填满1800万头蓝鲸的胃)”可知，提到1800万头蓝鲸是为了凸显塑料垃圾数量惊人。故选D项。
考点二 考查目的和意图题
命题预测
（2026·浙江省北斗星盟高三一模）
Yvette Henry was in her kitchen fixing up dinner. So were all four of her kids. Then she remembered a TikTok video about “living room kids” and “bedroom kids,” and realized she and her husband had built a home dynamic where their children felt emotionally safe in shared spaces.
A living room kid refers to a child who spends much of their home time in shared spaces such as the living room, kitchen or dining room. A bedroom kid refers to a child who spends most of their free time in the privacy of their bedroom. If you’re a parent, pay attention to your children’s needs and what rooms they prefer. There’s nothing wrong with either.
Why is Yvette Henry’s story mentioned in the first paragraph
A．To present a parenting concept.
B．To criticize a common family problem.
C．To introduce a popular social media platform.
D．To highlight the importance of family harmony.
考点二 考查目的和意图题
命题预测
【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Yvette Henry was in her kitchen fixing up dinner. So were all four of her kids. Then she remembered a TikTok video about “living room kids” and “bedroom kids,” and realized she and her husband had built a home dynamic where their children felt emotionally safe in shared spaces. (Yvette Henry当时正在厨房准备晚餐，她的四个孩子也都在厨房帮忙。这时，她想起了一个关于“客厅孩子”（指常待在客厅等共享空间的孩子）和“卧室孩子”（指常待在自己卧室的孩子）的TikTok视频，随即意识到，她和丈夫营造了一种家庭氛围，让孩子们在共享空间里能感受到情感上的安全。)”以及第二段中“A living room kid refers to a child who spends much of their home time in shared spaces such as the living room, kitchen or dining room. A bedroom kid refers to a child who spends most of their free time in the privacy of their bedroom. (“客厅孩子”指的是那些在家时大部分时间都待在客厅、厨房或餐厅等共享空间里的孩子。“卧室孩子”则是指那些大部分空闲时间都在自己卧室这个私密空间里度过的孩子。)”可知，第一段通过讲述了Yvette Henry一家的情况，提出了“客厅孩子”和“卧室孩子”两个概念；接着文章围绕“客厅孩子”和“卧室孩子”展开讨论，介绍了这两种不同的家庭动态。由此可推断，第一段提到Yvette Henry的故事是为了呈现一种育儿观念，即关注孩子在家庭共享空间和私人空间中的不同表现和需求。故选A项。
考点三 考查写作态度题
真题动向
（2024·全国甲卷·阅读理解C31）
Doctors see up to 150 patients every day. The train’s equipment allows for basic checkups. “I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned,” says Ducke. “They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want. ”
31. What is Ducke’s attitude toward the Saint Lukas’ services
A. Appreciative. B. Doubtful C. Ambiguous. D. Cautious.
【答案】A
【解析】推断判断题。根据最后一段的““I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned, ” says Ducke. “They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want. ”(“医生和他们的助手在这么小的空间里工作和生活，但仍然保持专注和非常关注，这给我留下了深刻的印象，”Ducke说。这是许多农村人获得他们想要的治疗的最好机会。”)”可知，Ducke对Saint Lukas的服务持赞赏的态度，故选A。
考点三 考查写作态度题
真题动向
（2023 新高考全国Ⅰ卷·阅读理解D35）
In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates Did they follow those least willing to change their minds This happened some of the time, but it wasn’t the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.”Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.
( )35.What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’ studies
A. Unclear. B. Dismissive. C. Doubtful. D. Approving.
【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.”可知,虽然纳瓦哈斯领导的研究有局限性,仍然存在许多问题,但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响是巨大的。由此推知,作者对纳瓦哈斯的研究表示一定的赞许和支持。
考点三 考查写作态度题
必备知识
知识点：如何判断观点态度题
（1） 思维导图
（2）解题方法：
做此类题目必须透过文章的字面意义去理解。作者的态度和观点无非也就是三种：支持、赞同、乐观；反对、批评、怀疑、悲观；中立、客观。作者的态度和观点常用一些形容词、副词和不定意义的动词来表达，如possible, impossible, seem, strange等。
褒义词有：supportive(支持的)；positive(积极的)；optimistic(乐观的)；enthusiastic(热情的)等。
贬义词有：negative(否定的，消极的)；ironic(讽刺的)；critical(批评的)；disgusted(厌恶的)；disappointed(失望的)等。
中性词有：indifferent(漠不关心的)；uninterested(不感兴趣的)；objective(客观的)；neutral(中立的)等。
考点三 考查写作态度题
命题预测
（2026·河南省天一大联考顶尖计划）
Scientific evidence now supports what these farmers have long understood. A recent study in Nature Communications Earth & Environment found that over half of the recognised Afro-descendant lands lie within the most biologically rich regions on Earth. In Ecuador, the figure reaches an astonishing 99%. Forest loss within these territories is 29% lower than in state-protected areas and 55% lower than in their surroundings — evidence that traditional cultivation can be one of nature’s most effective friends.
The roots of this knowledge reach back to the 1500s, when Africans carried their farming wisdom across the Atlantic. Once in the Americas, they combined African and local crops — beans, rice, peas, and others — to create sustainable gardens. By imitating (模仿) the forest’s diversity to survive unseen, they unknowingly built a lasting model of coexistence with nature.
Today, surrounded by endless sugar fields, only a few old family farms are left. Yet inside them, scientists keep finding hundreds of kinds of plants and insects — a living sign of strength and new life. “Food forests,” González says, “are everything. They are life itself, wherever they grow.”
What is the author’s attitude towards food forests
A．Critical. B．Doubtful. C．Appreciative. D．Uncaring.
考点三 考查写作态度题
命题预测
【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段“Forest loss within these territories is 29% lower than in state-protected areas and 55% lower than in their surroundings — evidence that traditional cultivation can be one of nature’s most effective friends.(这些区域的森林消失率，比国家保护区低29%，比周边区域低55%——这一事实证明，传统耕作模式可以成为助力自然保护的绝佳方式之一)”以及最后一段“Yet inside them, scientists keep finding hundreds of kinds of plants and insects — a living sign of strength and new life. (然而，在这些森林中，科学家们不断发现数百种植物和昆虫——这是力量和新生的鲜活标志)”可推知，作者对食物森林持赞赏态度。故选C项。
考点四 考查描述人物或事件特征
真题动向
（2023 新高考全国Ⅱ卷·阅读理解B26）
Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden programme at four low-income schools. The programme aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.
Jaramillo’s students live in neighbourhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks,” she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new.
Urban Sprouts’ classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands-on experiments such as soil testing, flower-and-seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and work in the garden. Several times a year, students cook the vegetables they grow, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools.
Programme evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes.“We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now they’re eating differently,” Jaramillo says.
She adds that the programme’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,” she says, “and they feel successful.”
( )26.Which of the following best describes the impact of the programme
A. Far-reaching. B. Predictable. C. Short-lived. D. Unidentifiable.
考点四 考查描述人物或事件特征
真题动向
【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“…the programme’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students…”可知,该项目的好处不仅限于营养。一些学生对园艺工作非常感兴趣,他们会把种子带回家,开始种自己的菜园。此外,在花园工作似乎对Jaramillo的接受特殊教育的学生有镇静作用。由此可推知,这个项目的影响是深远的。故选A项。
描写人物、事物特征的形容词
generous慷慨的；brave勇敢的；demanding要求高的; 苛求的; 费力的; 要求极严的; 难满足的；impatient不耐烦的； outgoing外向的；easy-going随和的；organized有条理的；modest谦虚的；optimistic乐观的；cautious小心，谨慎的；caring乐于助人的; 关心他人的; 体贴人的； skillful熟练的; 灵巧的; 擅长于 (at; in); 制作精巧的；responsible负责任的； determined有决心的；modest谦虚的；creative有创造力的；ambitious有雄心的；adventurous冒险的；cooperative 有合作意识的；honest诚实的；capable adj. 有能力的,有才能的；confident adj.自信的；diligent adj.勤奋的；voluntary adj.自愿的,主动的；energetic adj. 精力旺盛的；humorous adj.幽默的；enthusiastic adj.热情的；experienced adj.有经验的；intelligent聪明的; 智能的; 有才智的; 悟性强的; 有智力的; grateful感激的；helpful有帮助的；talkative健谈的；athletic运动型; 体育运动的; 健壮的；patient有耐心的；innovative创新的；tolerant忍受的；positive 积极的；committed坚信的; 尽心尽力的; 坚定的；considerate 体贴的；ashamed惭愧的; regretful后悔的；disappointed失望的；amazed吃惊的；satisfied满意的；disappointed失望的；shocked震惊的；overjoyed过度高兴的；pleased满意的；indifferent冷漠的；sorrowful悲伤的；sympathetic同情的；hardworking勤劳的；embarrassed尴尬的；proud自豪的； courageous勇敢的; 无畏的；independent独立的；sensitive敏感的。
考点四 考查描述人物或事件特征
必备知识
知识点：如何判断人物或事件的特征
（1）人物和事件特征的设问方式
1．Which of the following best describes......
2．According to the text, which words can best describe ......
3.Which of the following best describe ...... according to Paragraph ...
4.How would the author feel about the outcome of the event
5.What did the author think of ......
（2）解题技巧
把描述人物的性格特征的词一一列出，基本上考题不会超出这些词汇，考前把它们的意思记熟。预测每个词需要和什么样的事迹相对应，这样在考场上就能迅速地找到答案。对这种题要迅速解决，以给其他试题提供做题时间。
考点四 考查描述人物或事件特征
命题预测
（2026·湖南省湖南师范大学附属中学月考五）
Yang Tianzhen, a judge on the show, remarks that Fang embodies the, resilient spirit of Chinese women with strength created from misfortune. Tan Xiaobong, producer of the show, admits she initially had doubts when first encountering Fang’s audition tape. When they met in person, all her doubts vanished. Her raw authenticity and strong ability to consistently transform life experiences into comedy made casting her an undeniable choice.
Raised in poverty, Fang left school early for factory work. After marriage, she carried heavy domestic duties. Discovering comedy through podcasts opened a new world. After initial struggles at open mics, she found her voice. “Stand-up soon became my edy helped me make peace with life,” Fang edy became both emotional relief and a path to independence. She concluded powerfully by marking her milestones: signing as a comedian on April 8, 2023. Moreover, her daughter praised her natural talent and perseverance, seeing her as an inspiring example.
Which two words best describe Fang Zhuren
A．Resilient and persistent. B．Ambitious and arrogant.
C．Cautious and conservative. D．Humorous and considerate.
考点四 考查描述人物或事件特征
命题预测
【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段第一句评委的评价“Fang embodies the resilient spirit of Chinese women with strength created from misfortune.(房主任身上体现了中国女性在困境中淬炼出力量的坚韧精神)”，以及第五段“After initial struggles at open mics, she found her voice.(在经历了开放麦初期的挣扎后，她找到了自己的表演风格)”和以及“Moreover, her daughter praised her natural talent and perseverance, seeing her as an inspiring example.(此外，她的女儿称赞她天赋过人且坚韧不拔，将她视为催人奋进的榜样)”可知，Resilient（坚韧的）和persistent（执着的）最能精准描述房主任的性格特质。故选A项。
描述词补充
描述人物特征：generous慷慨的；brave勇敢的；demanding要求高的；苛求的；费力的；要求极严的；难满足的；impatient不耐烦的；outgoing外向的；easy-going随和的；
描述事件特征：grateful感激的；helpful有帮助的；innovative创新的；positive积极的；ashamed惭愧的；regretful后悔的；disappointed失望的；amazed吃惊的；satisfied满意的；disappointed失望的；shocked震惊的；pleased满意的；indifferent冷漠的；sorrowful悲伤的；sympathetic同情的；sensitive敏感的。
考点五 考查文章出处
真题动向
Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object—the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world. The image of the reader appears throughout history, in art made long before books as we now know them came into being. In artists’ representations of books and reading, we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time.
In this “book of books”, artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed (描绘) alone in many settings and poses—absorbed in a volume, deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate to.
Books themselves may be used symbolically in paintings to demonstrate the intellect (才智), wealth or faith of the subject. Before the wide use of the printing press, books were treasured objects and could be works of art in their own right. More recently, as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway, artists have used them as the raw material for artworks—transforming covers, pages or even complete volumes into paintings and sculptures.
Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed to make the printed page outdated. From a 21st-century point of view, the printed book is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader. To serve its function, a book must be activated by a user: the cover opened, the pages parted, the contents reviewed, perhaps notes written down or words underlined. And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked, a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, “off-line” activity.
( )28.Where is the text most probably taken from
A. An introduction to a book. B. An essay on the art of writing.
C.A guidebook to a museum. D.A review of modern paintings.
（2023 新高考全国Ⅱ卷·阅读理解C28）
考点五 考查文章出处
真题动向
【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object—the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world.”(《阅读艺术:书籍爱好者的艺术》是对一种日常物品——书籍的颂扬,在这本书中,书籍被来自世界各地博物馆的近三百件艺术品展示。)及下文内容可知,本文主要是对于《阅读艺术:书籍爱好者的艺术》这本书的介绍。由此可推知,本文可能取自对一本书的介绍。故选A项。
第一步：扫描题干，识别关键词如, poster海报，travel brochure旅游指南，journal杂志，instruction说明书, digest文摘，science journal科学期刊等词。
第二步：浏览全文，特别关注第一段和最后一段，找到文章主旨句。在应用文中，还要重点关注小标题。牢记选项词。
第三步：对文中信息及各类出处综合特点进行对比分析，核对选项。
考点五 考查文章出处
必备知识
知识点：如何判断文章出处题
（1）思维导图
考点五 考查文章出处
必备知识
知识点：如何判断文章出处题
（2）文章出处的设问方式
①Where is this text probably taken from
②In which section of a website can the text appear
（3）解题技巧
“推断文章出处”类试题应从文章的内容或结构入手来判断其出处：
旅游指南类文章(a travel guide)：此类文章旨在介绍某一旅游景点的自然景观和人文特色，目的是吸引游客来访。
广告英语类文章(an advertisement)：现代生活中广告无处不在，英语阅读理解也是如此。有时会考查微型海报、通知、启示、时刻表、图表等。
课件展示类文章(a class presentation)：此类文章往往紧扣主题，口语性强、语言活泼，形式新颖，伴随有图片、图表、文字介绍等信息。
网络网页类文章(an Internet page)：此类文章往往会提供超级链接标志，如For more information, please click here.
考点五 考查文章出处
必备知识
新闻报道类文章(a news report)：此类文章内容广泛，涉及人物、时政、教育、体育、科技等，突出新颖性、突发性和真实性。新闻呈“倒金字塔”结构，第一段概括全文内容最重要。
研究报告类文章(a research paper)：此类文章重点介绍科技领域最新研究成果：新发现、新思想、新发明。第一段概括介绍，然后分段陈述。文章结构严谨，语言规范，句式复杂。
图书评论类文章(a book review)：书评、影评类文章涉及到作者介绍，内容梗概、人物性格评论，写作特色以及个人好恶等内容。
科普杂志类文章(a science magazine)：此类文章内容广泛，涉及到日常生活习惯、健康饮食、太空与海洋、创造与发明、计算机发展、人类未来、动物世界等。其重点是普及科学知识，提高科学素养。
考点五 考查文章出处
命题预测
（2026·河南省青桐鸣高三12月联考）
A new high-strength, degradable surgical adhesive (黏合剂) developed at the South China University of Technology offers a simple and highly effective way to stop bleeding, seal air leaks in the lungs, and even repair broken bones. Created by Professor Shi Xuetao and his team, this new type of glue represents a major breakthrough in medical adhesives.
Where is the text probably taken from
A．A medical textbook.
B．A personal blog post.
C．A product advertisement.
D．A science news report.
考点五 考查文章出处
命题预测
（2026·河南省青桐鸣高三12月联考）
A new high-strength, degradable surgical adhesive (黏合剂) developed at the South China University of Technology offers a simple and highly effective way to stop bleeding, seal air leaks in the lungs, and even repair broken bones. Created by Professor Shi Xuetao and his team, this new type of glue represents a major breakthrough in medical adhesives.
【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段“A new high-strength, degradable surgical adhesive (黏合剂) developed at the South China University of Technology offers a simple and highly effective way to stop bleeding, seal air leaks in the lungs, and even repair broken bones. Created by Professor Shi Xuetao and his team, this new type of glue represents a major breakthrough in medical adhesives.结合文章主要说明了华南理工大学团队研发出一种高强度可降解医用黏合剂，可止血、封肺漏气、修骨折，对肺部伤口密封率达100%，已进入技术转化阶段，有望提升手术效果与患者安全性。可知，文章是一则科学新闻报道。故选D。
考点六 考查预测文章走势
真题动向
（2023 全国乙卷·阅读理解C31）
What comes into your mind when you think of British food Probably fish and chips, or a Sunday dinner of meat and two vegetables. But is British food really so uninteresting Even though Britain has a reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine, it is producing more top class chefs who appear frequently on our television screens and whose recipe books frequently top the best seller lists.
It’s thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat-and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits. It is recently reported that the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain’s consumers would like to change or improve their cooking in some way. There has been a rise in the number of students applying for food courses at UK universities and colleges. It seems that TV programmes have helped change what people think about cooking.
According to a new study from market analysts, 1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes on TV has encouraged them to try different food. Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients(配料) than they used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before. One in four adults say that TV chefs have made them much more confident about expanding their cookery knowledge and skills, and young people are also getting more interested in cooking. The UK's obsession(痴迷) with food is reflected through television scheduling. Cookery shows and documentaries about food are broadcast more often than before. With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it’s no longer “uncool” for boys to like cooking.
( )31.What might the author continue talking about
A. The art of cooking in other countries.
B. Male chefs on TV programmes.
C. Table manners in the UK.
D. Studies of big eaters.
考点六 考查预测文章走势
真题动向
（2023 全国乙卷·阅读理解C31）
What comes into your mind when you think of British food Probably fish and chips, or a Sunday dinner of meat and two vegetables. But is British food really so uninteresting Even though Britain has a reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine, it is producing more top class chefs who appear frequently on our television screens and whose recipe books frequently top the best seller lists.
It’s thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat-and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits. It is recently reported that the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain’s consumers would like to change or improve their cooking in some way. There has been a rise in the number of students applying for food courses at UK universities and colleges. It seems that TV programmes have helped change what people think about cooking.
According to a new study from market analysts, 1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes on TV has encouraged them to try different food. Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients(配料) than they used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before. One in four adults say that TV chefs have made them much more confident about expanding their cookery knowledge and skills, and young people are also getting more interested in cooking. The UK's obsession(痴迷) with food is reflected through television scheduling. Cookery shows and documentaries about food are broadcast more often than before. With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it’s no longer “uncool” for boys to like cooking.
【答案】B
【解析】推理判断题。根据文章尾句“With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it s no longer ‘uncool’ for boys to like cooking.”可知,随着越来越多的男厨师出现在电视上,男孩喜欢烹饪已经不再是“不酷”的事了。由此可推知,接下来作者可能会接着讨论电视节目上的男厨师们。故选B项。
考点六 考查预测文章走势
真题动向
（2023 全国乙卷·阅读理解C31）
What comes into your mind when you think of British food Probably fish and chips, or a Sunday dinner of meat and two vegetables. But is British food really so uninteresting Even though Britain has a reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine, it is producing more top class chefs who appear frequently on our television screens and whose recipe books frequently top the best seller lists.
It’s thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat-and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits. It is recently reported that the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain’s consumers would like to change or improve their cooking in some way. There has been a rise in the number of students applying for food courses at UK universities and colleges. It seems that TV programmes have helped change what people think about cooking.
According to a new study from market analysts, 1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes on TV has encouraged them to try different food. Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients(配料) than they used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before. One in four adults say that TV chefs have made them much more confident about expanding their cookery knowledge and skills, and young people are also getting more interested in cooking. The UK's obsession(痴迷) with food is reflected through television scheduling. Cookery shows and documentaries about food are broadcast more often than before. With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it’s no longer “uncool” for boys to like cooking.
做这类题时，应把握作者的写作思路(如文章可能按事件发展的经过描写，也可能按因果关系，对比关系来叙述)，从而作出比较科学的，合情合理的猜测。和原文中表达一致的答案，一定不能选。
考点六 考查预测文章走势
必备知识
知识点：如何判断文章走势
（1）判断方式
利用因果关系推断、利用对比关系推断、利用文章最后一段的内容及最后几句话推断。
（2）文章走势的设问方式
1. What will be discussed further in the coming paragraph
2．What may the researchers do next according to the last paragraph
3．What would the author most probably discuss next
4．Where does the article go next
5.What would the following paragraph talk about
（3）解题技巧
对事件可能的结局或下一段可能涉及的内容等进行猜测推理。做此类题目时，务必把握作者的写作思路，如文章可能按事件发展的经过描写，也可能按因果关系、对比关系来叙述，从而做出比较科学的、合情合理的预测判断。特别要注意文章最后一段的内容及最后几句话。
考点六 考查预测文章走势
命题预测
（2026·河南省湘豫联考）
From their remains it becomes possible to piece together certain facts about ancient societies on the tip of civilization. First, it is clear that the earliest settlements already had significant social divisions. Hunter-gatherer societies have very few social divisions. All members of the group are roughly equal in social power. One of the features of civilization is the increasing complexity of social divisions, and with them, of social grade. In Catal Huyuk, tombs (坟墓) have revealed that some people were buried with jewelry and wealth, while others were buried with practically nothing. It is very clear that even at such an ancient time, there were already major divisions between rich and poor.
What would the text discuss about next
A．A further illustration of social divisions. B．The complexity of these early settlements.
C．The exploration of ancient burial practices. D．A contrast of the agricultural productivity.
考点六 考查预测文章走势
命题预测
【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“First, it is clear that the earliest settlements already had significant social divisions. Hunter-gatherer societies have very few social divisions. All members of the group are roughly equal in social power. One of the features of civilization is the increasing complexity of social divisions, and with them, of social grade. In Catal Huyuk, tombs (坟墓) have revealed that some people were buried with jewelry and wealth, while others were buried with practically nothing. It is very clear that even at such an ancient time, there were already major divisions between rich and poor.(首先，很明显，最早的定居点已经有了显著的社会划分。狩猎采集社会几乎没有社会分化。这个群体的所有成员在社会权力上大致相等。文明的特征之一是社会划分日益复杂，社会等级也随之复杂。在catalal Huyuk，坟墓显示，一些人被埋葬时带着珠宝和财富，而另一些人被埋葬时几乎什么都没有。很明显，即使在如此古老的时代，贫富之间也已经有了很大的分歧)”可知，文章最后聚焦早期定居点的社会分化，按行文逻辑，接下来可能会进一步阐释这一社会分化现象。故选A项。
考点七 考查写作手法
真题动向
（2025年新高考一卷·阅读理解D32；2.5分）
Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans.
32. How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph
A. By quoting an expert. B. By defining a concept.
C. By giving examples. D. By providing statistics.
【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段内容“Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans.(微塑料已经成为地球上常见的污染源——它们出现在在深海和喜马拉雅山上，被困在火山岩中，填满海鸟的胃，甚至落在南极的新雪中。它们甚至出现了在人类身体里。)”可推断，作者通过举例提出微塑料污染的问题。故选C。
考点七 考查写作手法
必备知识
知识点：写作手法题解题指导
类型
1、指文章的组织方式；2、全文或某个段落所运用的写作方法。
题目特点:
How did the researchers carry out the new study
How did researchers collect evidence for the study
How did the researchers reach their conclusion
This advertisement is made more believable by
The author supports his view by
How did the two professors reach the conclusion of their study
In which way did researchers draw a conclusion
必备词汇:
by analyzing different categories分析不同的类别
analyzing the reasons分析原因
classifying分类
考点七 考查写作手法
必备知识
comparing data比较数据
comparing the statistics比较统计数据
conducting experiments进行实验
写作手法题解题技巧
根据"原文定位"来判断
先根据题干判断是具体某段还是全文写作手法，然后寻找标志词，进而找到答案。
①by giving examples 通过举例。标志词:for example，for instance
②by analyzing causes通过分析原因。标志词:as a result/consequence!ens
③by giving definition通过下定义。标志词:that is to say
④by listing data statistics/figures通过列数字。标志词:具体数字
⑤by describing a process通过描述过程。标志词:first，second，third，finally
⑥by following time order遵作时间顺序。标志词:in1920，in the 1940s，nowadays
⑦by making comparison/contrast通过对比。标志词:but, while,
⑧by making classifications 过分类。标志词:first.next.then
⑨by analyzing cause and effect 通过分析因果。标志词:That is because....
考点七 考查写作手法
命题预测
（2026·辽宁省点石联考东北“三省一区”月考）
The device was tested in a study with more than 12,700 people over the course of a year. The results showed that the AI stethoscope was able to detect unusual heart activity that a doctor might miss with a traditional stethoscope. Patients examined with the AI stethoscope were also twice as likely to have their heart failure spotted. And the device was 3.5 times more likely to detect atrial fibrillation, which is an irregular heartbeat, and was better at detecting when one or more of a patient’s heart valves were not working properly.
How does the author prove the new stethoscope’s effectiveness
A．By quoting experts. B．By providing data.
C．By analyzing causes. D．By offering comments.
考点七 考查写作手法
命题预测
【答案】B
【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段中的“The device was tested in a study with more than 12,700 people over the course of a year. The results showed that the AI stethoscope was able to detect unusual heart activity that a doctor might miss with a traditional stethoscope. Patients examined with the AI stethoscope were also twice as likely to have their heart failure spotted. And the device was 3.5 times more likely to detect atrial fibrillation, which is an irregular heartbeat, and was better at detecting when one or more of a patient’s heart valves were not working properly.(这款设备在一项为期一年、涉及12700多人的研究中接受了测试。结果显示，这款人工智能听诊器能够检测出医生使用传统听诊器可能遗漏的心脏异常活动。使用该听诊器检查的患者，其心力衰竭被发现的概率也提高了一倍。而且该设备检测心房颤动（一种心律不齐症状）的概率是传统听诊器的3.5倍，在检测患者心脏瓣膜异常方面也表现更优。)”可知，作者通过列举具体数据来证明这款新型听诊器的检测有效性。故选B项。
考点八 考查读者对象
真题动向
（2026·四川省成都市诊断性考试）
We have been busy working on some exciting changes to our free collection displays at Tate Britain. Discover new stories and voices alongside much-loved familiar favourites.
Carnation, Lily, Lily, Rose by John Singer Sargent
In Carnation, Lily, Lily, Rose (1885) John Singer Sargent paints two children from life as they light Chinese lanterns in a garden of flowers on a twilit summer evening. It took almost a year to finish, probably because he could only paint for a few minutes every evening when the light was exactly right.
Ophelia by Sir John Everett Millais, Baronet
Ophelia (1851) is a visitor favourite, our top-selling postcard and one of the most popular Pre-Raphaelite works in Tate's collection. Millais painted the tragic death of Shakespeare's Ophelia in painstaking detail over many months. Artist, poet and model Elizabeth Siddal posed for the painting, wearing a wedding dress in a bathtub of water in Millais's studio.
Norham Castle, Sunrise by JMW Turner
Norham Castle, Sunrise (1845) is an unfinished painting created late in JMW Turner's career. Turner saw the castle during his first tour of Northern Britain and painted the scene many times in his life.
Dreams Have No Titles by Zineb Sedira
Dreams Have No Titles (2022) is a film combining the artist’s life story with fiction and documentary and using non-professional actors. Sedira, her parents, son and friends all appear in this film about community and connection. It was made during the 60th anniversary of Algeria’s independence from French occupation.
Who is this text most probably intended for
A．Book collectors. B．Film lovers.
C．Art enthusiasts. D．Environmental activists.
考点八 考查读者对象
必备知识
知识点： 读者对象题解题指导
1.【提问方式】
1) Who is the passage written for_____
2) The text is written mainly for_____.
3) Who are the intended readers of the passage
4) The passage is probably written for______.
5) Who might be most interested in this piece of information
6) The passage is probably written by________.
2.【技巧点拨】
要理解短文内容，特别是要从作者的措辞和语气去判断这篇文章是为谁而写和哪些人写的。
考点八 考查读者对象
命题预测
（2026·河南省新未来质量检测）
But more than definition and clarification, we need contextualization — to look around the term as we use it and see when and how it’s used, and what kind of reaction it causes when that happens. Here, there’s a lot to look at: how to teach it, how to assess it, what role it plays in the learning process, how to use it in misleading school mission statements, how to casually drop it in classroom walkthroughs or walkthrough documents.
Who is most likely to be the target audience for this article
A．profession seekers. B．Course designers.
C．Thoughtful parents. D．Self-learning students.
考点八 考查读者对象
命题预测
（2026·河南省新未来质量检测）
But more than definition and clarification, we need contextualization — to look around the term as we use it and see when and how it’s used, and what kind of reaction it causes when that happens. Here, there’s a lot to look at: how to teach it, how to assess it, what role it plays in the learning process, how to use it in misleading school mission statements, how to casually drop it in classroom walkthroughs or walkthrough documents.
【答案】B
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Here, there’s a lot to look at: how to teach it, how to assess it, what role it plays in the learning process, how to use it in misleading school mission statements, how to casually drop it in classroom walkthroughs or walkthrough documents.(在这里，有很多内容值得探讨：如何教授它、如何评估它、它在学习过程中扮演着怎样的角色、如何将其运用在具有误导性的学校使命宣言中、又如何在课堂巡查或巡查报告中随意提及它)”可知，课程设计者最有可能是本文的目标读者。故选B。
考点九 考查文章结构
真题动向
（北京西城模拟）
Plants, and the insects which rely on them, are the living foundations of our planet. But these foundations are under stress because we have a tendency to replace fields and forests with decorative trees and shrubs imported from around the world. Adding to the problem, our obsession (痴迷) with perfection leads us to use a lot of pesticides (杀虫剂).
These actions are part of the reason global biodiversity is crashing. There are over three billion fewer wild birds in North America than there were in 1970. Recent research shows that insect numbers, even in nature reserves, have fallen, and 40 percent of all insect species may be extinct within a few decades. This is discouraging news; however, there are actions we can take to help bring at least some species back.
The first step is to redefine our concept of “garden” to include more than just plants. We need to intentionally share our space, and not just with the birds, bees and butterflies that visit our flowers, but also with the little insects that may eat a part (very rarely all) of our plants. Therefore, we must limit pesticide use. It’s crucial to support nature’s recovery, and it’s much better for everyone: no doctor has ever recommended long-term exposure to pesticides.
Many drought-tolerant plants brought in from across the planet are being passed off as ecofriendly. However, mostly they’re not. Yes, you’re saving water, but these foreign plants can become disasters when they escape our yards. Helping the environment can be about more than saving water. Even in drier areas, like the American West, the selection of attractive native plants to choose from is vast. If dry is your style, there are native wildflowers, flowering bushes and trees that allow you to save water and nature.
Xeriscapes (节水型园艺) leave many gardeners thirsting for green, and there’s an important alternative that has been largely ignored. For those disenchanted with dry landscaping, using underappreciated and water-loving native plants to make your garden a real-life oasis (绿洲) could be lifesaving to wildlife. In nature, this unsung group of native plants is limited to riparian zones, the narrow belts of green along water bodies, but if consumers demand them, nurseries will increasingly carry these riparian species, and the presence of such plants in the garden will provide for many animals including not just butterflies and their relatives but also colorful birds.
考点九 考查文章结构
真题动向
The ideal garden would offer a combination of drought-tolerant native plants and a few species that need a little more water, providing options for little guests and the bigger ones that will come to eat them. As more creatures stop by to share our yards, we will be making nature, and us all, a little healthier.
Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage
CP: Central Point P: Point Sp: Sub-point C: Conclusion
A. B.
C. D.
【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。文章第一段指出植物以及依赖它们的昆虫是我们星球的生命基础，但这个基础目前的状况并不乐观，并指出了造成这种情况的原因；第二段举例说明全球生物多样性减少，并引出下文的解决措施；这是中心论点。第三段开始讲解决问题的措施，提出了减少农药的使用；第四段和第五段谈的是节水措施；最后一段提出了理想的花园要有耐旱的本地植物和一些需要更多水的植物，就此得出结论，即人们要帮助大自然保持其生物多样性，因此文章的结构应为D项。故选D。
考点九 考查文章结构
必备知识
知识点：文章结构解题指导
1.篇章结构主要的设题方式常有：
（1）How is the passage organized
（2）Which of the following best shows the structure/organization of the passage
（3）What will the author most probably talk about next
（4）The author develops the passage mainly by _________.
（5）The first paragraph serves as a（n） __________.
（6）The example of … is given to show/illustrate that__________.
2.篇章结构主要的解题策略常有：
（1）了解文章结构的组织形式。从段落组织方式上讲，常见的文章结构有三种：总分式结构（总→分；总→分→总；分→总）、并列式结构（段落之间是平行关系，并且相对独立）、对照式结构（结构形式上是一正一反）。
考点九 考查文章结构
必备知识
（2）了解文章的论证方法。从论证方法上讲，常见的议论文结构有以下两类： Put forward a question →Analyze the question → Solve the question 即“提出问题、分析问题、解决问题”的过程；Argument/idea → Evidence → conclusion/ restating the idea 即“由论点到论据到结论或者强调论点”的过程。
（3）了解文章的修辞手法。从修辞手法上讲，在高考阅读中主要考查下定义、分类说明、列举例证和对比等写作手法。其中，“引用”和“例证”是议论文和说明文中最常用的写作手法之一。是历年 高考阅读试题中必不可缺的命题方向。“引用”和“例证”的共同目的就是增强说服力，以更好的达到说理、说明的目的。“引用”和“例证”的共同功能就是服务于段落或篇章的主题。