(共36张PPT)
Oxford English
Module 3 Culture and history
Grammar
现在完成时
Unit 6
Ancient stories
Revision
The present perfect tense(现在完成时)
定义：1.表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
现在完成时定义
Someone has broken the door. (窗户现在是坏的)
I have already lost the key. (我现在没有钥匙)
I haven’t read that book yet .(不了解书的内容)
I have just cleaned my hands. (手是干净的)
定义：2.表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作或状态。
She has learned English for 5 years. (学了5年还在继续)
He has lived in Beijing since ( 自从)he was born .
Have you stayed here since ( 自从) 3 o’clock
Team racing
Two teams have a race. The team that first give a correct sentence get one point.
根据以下图片和文字提示，用现在完成时态补充句子。
Ready
Revision
Revision
Revision
I _______________________________
have taken several photos in Beijing.
take, several photos, Beijing
The boy ___________________________.
not eat; Beijing roast duck
hasn’t eaten Beijing roast duck
My uncle ___________________.
New York; be
has been to New York
They ______________________
_________________.
Hong Kong Disneyland; go; by bike
have gone to Hong Kong
Disneyland by bike
1. 肯定句: 现在完成时的肯定句式是
“have (has)＋过去分词”。
2. 否定句：现在完成时的否定句式是
“haven’t (hasn’t)＋过去分词”。
3. 疑问句：现在完成时的一般疑问句式
是把助动词 have或has提到主语之前。
回答用 Yes, …have (has).
/No, …haven’t (hasn’t).
现在完成时构成
看图说话
I/He/She can’t play computer games now,
because I/he/she haven’t/hasn't…
Revision
现在完成时时间状语
1. 现在完成时与不明确的过去时间状语副词
before（以前），just（刚刚），already（已经），yet（已经），ever（曾经），never（从来没有）等连用。
I haven’t seen him before.我以前没有见过他。
They have just done their homework.
他们刚做完作业。
Have you ever been to Beijing
你曾经去过北京吗？
I have never visited the Great Wall.
我从没游览过长城。
含义 用法 例句
already 已经 肯定句 I have already finished
my homework.
just 刚刚 肯定句 She has just cleaned
the kitchen.
ever 曾经 疑问句 Have you ever visited
the Great Wall
never 从未 否定句 She’s never talked to
a foreigner.
yet 尚未；还未 否定句、疑问句 He has not heard from
her yet.
Has Mr Wang arrived
yet
Team racing
Two teams have a race. The team that first give a correct sentence get one point.
根据以下图片和文字提示，用现在完成时态补充句子。
Ready
Revision
The boy ______________________
already; make a cake
has already made a cake.
___ Tim ____________________
______________
Has ever been to the Palace Museum by bus
Palace Museum, ever be, by bus
the plane, arrive, yet, not
The plane __________________
hasn’t arrived yet.
the Great Wall, never, have been to
Mary ____________________________.
has never been to the Great Wall
Australia, ever, have been to
Have you ____________________
ever been to Australia
The Great Wall; climb; ever
___ she ________________________
Has ever climbed the Great Wall
1)They have tried to capture our city for ten years.
2)I haven’t laughed like this since my childhood.
3) I’ve been busy since I came back.
4) It has been raining since morning.
5) We have known each other for twenty years.
6)I haven’t seen her for a long time.
Look and read
2.现在完成时与for/since等引导的持续性时间状语
或these days（目前）recently（最近），so far（到目前为止）等包括“现在时间”在内的时间状语连用。
I have known him for six years.
我认识他六年了. （for+一段时间）
He has lived in Beijing since ( 自从)he was born .
从他出生以来就居住在北京了。（since+句子）
Have you stayed here since ( 自从) 3 o’clock
从3点钟（开始）你就呆这里了？（since+时间点）
The doctor has saved over two hundred people’s lives so far.
到目前为止，这位医生已挽救了二百多人的生命。
I have lived here for more than twenty years.
I have lived here since I was born.
My aunt has worked in a company since 1949. I have not heard from my uncle for a long time.
since 用来说明动作起始时间（时间点）“自从……”
for用来说明动作延续时间长度（时间段） “长达……”
since/for区别
Mr. Brown has had his TV ________ 15 years.
I’ve taken driving lessons _________ last month.
My sister has had her cell phone ________ a month .
My friends haven’t visited me ___________ my birthday.
We haven’t used our car ______ a long time .
She hasn’t had a good cup of coffee _____2 years.
Tom has worn glasses _________ he was 7 years old.
practice
for
for
for
for
since
since
since
practice
have tried
for
haven’t laughed
since
’ve been busy
since
has been raining since
have known
for
haven’t seen
for
go
Ready
They ____ ____ to capture our city
____ ten years.
2. I _______ _______ like this _____ my childhood.
3. I ___ ____ ____ _____ I came back.
4. It ___ _____ ______ _____ morning.
5. We ____ _______ each other ____ twenty years.
6. I _______ _____ her ____ a long time.
practice
Hans is from Hamburg in Germany. He is talking to Doris. Read their conversation and answer the questions. (P 87)
1. Where does Hans live
He ____ in __________.
2. How long has Hans lived in Hamburg
He ____ ____ there _____ _____.
3. How long has Doris lived in Shanghai
She ___ ____ there ___ ____ _____.
4. Where was Doris born
She ____ _____ ___ _________.
A1
lives
Hamburg
has lived
since 1996
has lived
for 14 years
was born in Shanghai
Doris is talking about herself. Read what she says and then decide whether the following sentences are T (True) or F (False). Correct any false ones. (P 88)
1. Doris has lived in Shanghai for four
years.
2. She has studied at New Point Junior
High School since September 2010.
3. She has been in the Science Club since
November 2011.
4. She has been in the Volleyball Club for
two months.
A2
fourteen
2011
一、现在完成时和“for+一段时间”连用时，要注意以下几点：
瞬间动词不能与“for+一段时间”连用表示动作的连续性，应改用持续性动词。如：
He has left for five minutes. ( )
He has been away for five minutes. ( )
瞬间动词的否定形式可以与“for + 一段时间”连用，说明某个动作不发生的状态已持续了一段时间。如：
I haven’t met him for years.
注意：
瞬间动词表示短暂的动作，如come，go，leave，start，begin，become，receive，die等；
而持续性动词表示能持续一段时间的动作，如work，stay，leave，live，learn等。
瞬间动词 & 持续性动词
二、现在完成时和“since+过去某个时间点”连用时，要注意以下几点：
持续性动词与“since+过去某个时间点”连用表示持续的动作和状态。
瞬间动词的否定形式与“since+过去某个时间点”连用表示某动作不发生的状态已经持续了一段时间。如：
I have waited here for you since 2 o’clock.
I haven’t heard from him since March.
注意：
since后除了可跟表示过去某个时间点的名词或名词短语构成时间状语外，也可引导时间状语从句，且从句中的谓语动词通常用一般过去时。如：
Helen has not been back to her primary school since she left.
注意：for和since不能同时使用。如：
Alice has lived in Beijing for twenty years since 1993.
1. 少数瞬间动词可以转换为其相应的持续性动词，如：
borrow → have/has kept，
buy → have/has had
瞬间动词与持续性动词的转换
瞬间动词转换为表持续的动词或者表状态的短语后即可在现在完成时中与表示一段时间的状语连用。
2. 有些瞬间动词可以用相应的介词短语、形容词、副词或名词与be的现在完成时连用，表示状态的延续，如：
arrive in/at到达 → have/has been in/at,
join 加入→ have/has been in或
have/has been a member of,
die 死→ have/has been dead,
leave离开 → have/has been away,
begin/start 开始→ have/has been on,
end/finish结束 → have /has been over
句子转换
1. The film began five minutes ago.
2. His pet dog died 2 years ago.
3. My teacher left Nanjing 3 days ago.
4. The football match began at 9:00a.m.
5. I bought this watch 5years ago.
The film has been on for five minutes.
His pet dog has been dead for 2 years.
My teacher has been away from Nanjing for 3 days.
The football match has been on since9:00a.m
I have had this watch for 5 years.
practice
1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作，和现在不发生关系。
现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况。
简言之，如果同时考虑过去和现在，就用现在完成时。如果不考虑现在，就不用现在完成时。如：
一般过去时与现在完成时
now
past
future
现在完成时
一般过去时
She has just had her lunch.
她刚吃过午饭。(表示她现在不饿。)
She had her lunch two hours ago.
她两小时前吃了午饭。
(仅说明事实，不知道她现在饿不饿。)
2）一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，
而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，
或无时间状语。
◎ 一般过去时的时间状语有：yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now,等具体的时间状语。
◎ 共同的时间状语有：this morning, tonight, this summer, before, already,等。
◎ 现在完成时的时间状语有：for, since, ever, never, just, already, yet, in past years等不确定的时间状语。
I have visited the Bund in Shanghai yesterday / last week
/ three years ago / in 1980. ( )
I__________(graduate) in 1993 and in that year I _______(begin) to teach English in a middle school. In 1998 ,I _______(move) to Beijing. I_______________ (teach) English in a School for nearly 8 years since then.
1993
now
1998
8 years
graduated
began
moved
have taught
practice
如果与表示“到现在为止的某个/任意时间”的词语连用，如ever, before, never, yet, recently, already, lately等，通常用现在完成时。如：
I have never seen that film.
I have read the book recently.
如果考虑的是“到现在为止”的一段时间，通常使用现在完成时。如果考虑的是一个已经过去的时间，就用一般过去时。如：
You have helped me a lot.
你已经帮了我很多忙了。(到目前为止)
My grandmother took good care of me.
我奶奶曾悉心地照顾我。 (在她活着的时候。)
注意：
注意：
have gone
left
came
have tried
have won
have left
didn’t take
Read the following conversation between the captain and a soldier from the story “The Trojan plete it with the correct tenses of the verbs in brackets. (P 89)
B1
went
opened
bought
never been
have
visited
have seen
have read
bought
Complete the diary below with the correct tenses of the verbs in brackets. (P 89)
B2
1. I____ already ______ (see) the film. I ______ (see) it
last week.
2. My father ____ just _____ (come) back from work. He
is tired now.
3. I ______________ (work) here since I ______ (move) here in 1999.
4. So far I _______________(make) quite a few friends here.
5. How long _______ the Wangs _______(stay) here
For two weeks.
6. I ________ just ___________ (finish) my homework.
7. He ________ (go) to school on foot yesterday.
moved
have worked
have made
went
have stayed
have finished
saw
have seen
has come
practice
汉译英。
他已经找到他的自行车了。
He has already found his bicycle.
2. 你曾经去过北京吗？
Have you ever been to Beijing
3. 他们还没有动身。
They haven’t started yet．
4. 你曾唱过这首英文歌吗？
Have you ever sung this English song
5. 我们从来没有听说过这件事。
We have never heard of it．
6. 我已经做完家庭作业了。
I have already finished my homework．
Summary.
。
含有since或for引导的时间状语的现在完成时。
现在完成时和一般过去时在含义和用法上的区别。
Thank You !Unit6 Ancient stories
Grammar现在完成时
同步练习
判断句子正误T/F。
（ ）1.He has drank three cups of tea.
（ ）2.They have lived there since three year
（ ）3.He ate a lot of food yesterday.
（ ）4.We planted trees last Sunday. So far we planted over 3,000 trees there.
（ ）5.I have borrowed this book for two weeks.
单选
（ ）1.She isn’t here now because she ____ the zoo.【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
A.has been to B. have gone to C. has gone to D.went
（ ）2. My brother ____ college for over three years.
A. has gone to B. has been to 21世纪教育网版权所有
C. has been in D. has been at
（ ）3.Lily has made lots of friends since she ___ here.21·世纪*教育网
A. come B. has been C. came D. coming
（ ）4.My parents ______ in Beijing since 1995.
A. are living B. have lived C. Lived D.live
（ ）5.His grandma ______ for 2 years.
A.died B. has died C. was dead D. has been dead
（ ）6.Jim's been to the Great wall before ,__________he
A.isn't B.wasn't C.hasn't D.doesn't
（ ）7.How long ___he______ the library book
A.has, borrow B.has ,kept C.has, bought D.did, buy
（ ）8.The doctor has saved more than 300 patients______he became a doctor.
A.from B.since C.because D.forwww-2-1-cnjy-com
（ ）9.“Why ______ she _______ angry ”“Because he _____ at her just now .”
A. did…get…shouted B. has…got…shouted
C. did…get…has shouted D. has…got…has shouted
（ ）10.— _____ you ever _____ America
— Yes, I have.
A. Have…gone to B. Have…gone in 21*cnjy*com
C. Have…been to D. Have …been in
用since和for填空
1.We haven’t seen each other ______ a long time.
2.His father has been in the Party ______ 10 years ago.21cnjy.com
3.The film has been on ______ 20 minutes.
4.Mr Green has worked here ______ he came to China.2·1·c·n·j·y
5.His grandparents have been dead ______ several years.【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
6. It’s five years _______ we met last time.
7. He has lived in Nanjing ______ the year before last.
8. I’ve known him ______we were children.
9. It’s about ten years ______ she left the city.【出处：21教育名师】
10.My friends haven’t visited me _______ my birthday.【版权所有：21教育】
四、 句型转换
1.He died 10 years ago.
--- He ____ ____ ____ for 10 years / since 10 years ago.2-1-c-n-j-y
2. He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago.
--- He ____ ____ the book for 2 weeks.
3. He bought the motorbike a month ago.
---He ____ ____ the motorbike for a month.
4. He arrived here three days ago.
--- He ____ ____ here since three days ago.
5. They turned off the light 2 hours ago.
--- The light ____ ____ ____ for 2 hours.
6. He left here 2 years ago.
--- He ____ ____ ____ from here for 2 years.
7. The film began 30 minutes ago.
--- The film ____ ____ ____ for 30 minutes.
8. They opened the door an hour ago.
--- The door ____ ____ ____ for an hour.
9. They closed the door an hour ago.
--- The door ____ ____ ____ for an hour.
10. He joined the army last year.
--- He ____ ____ a ____ for a year.
--- He ____ ____ ____ the army for a year.
--- It ____ a year ____ he joined the army.
Unit6 Ancient stories
Grammar现在完成时
同步练习
参考答案
一、FTTFF
二、1-5 CDCBD 6-10 CBBAC
三、1.for 2.since 3. for 4.since 5.for21教育网
6.since 7.since 8.since 9.since 10.since21·cn·jy·com
四、1.He has been dead for 10 years / since 10 years ago.www.21-cn-jy.com
2.He has kept the book for 2 weeks.
3.He has had the motorbike for a month.
4.He has been here since three days ago.
5.The light has been on for 2 hours.
6.He has been away from here for 2 years.
7.The film has been on for 30 minutes.
8.The door has been open for an hour.
9. The door has been closed for an hour.
10. He has been a soldier for a year.
He has been in the army for a year.
It is a year since he joined the army.
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