Unit 1 Laugh out loud! Grammar课件
文档属性
| 名称 | Unit 1 Laugh out loud! Grammar课件 |
|
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| 格式 | pptx | ||
| 文件大小 | 5.7MB | ||
| 资源类型 | 试卷 | ||
| 版本资源 | 外研版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2026-03-03 00:00:00 | ||
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文档简介
(共39张PPT)
Unit 1
Non-defining attributive clauses
To learn the use of non-defining attributive clauses
To know the differences and similarities between restrictive attributive clauses and non-defining attributive clauses
To apply non-defining attributive clauses
Look at the sentences from the reading passage and answer the questions.
a I walk through the doors into the waiting area, where there’s familiar atmosphere of boredom and tension.
b ... laughter produces chemicals to make people feel better, which means clown doctors can be helpful.
c I spent much of the time when I was there feeling frightened ...
1
1) What do “where”, “which” and “when” refer to in each sentence
a I walk through the doors into the waiting area, where there’s familiar atmosphere of boredom and tension.
b ... laughter produces chemicals to make people feel better, which means clown doctors can be helpful.
c I spent much of the time when I was there feeling frightened ...
2) Which sentences contain a clause with essential information and which with extra information
Sentence (c) contains a clause with essential information,
sentences (a) and (b) contain clauses with extra information.
a I walk through the doors into the waiting area, where there’s familiar atmosphere of boredom and tension.
b ... laughter produces chemicals to make people feel better, which means clown doctors can be helpful.
c I spent much of the time when I was there feeling frightened ...
If you take away the clauses, do the sentences still make sense
If we take away the clause of sentence c, the meaning of it is incomplete.
If we take away the clauses of sentences a and b, the two sentences still make sense.
a I walk through the doors into the waiting area, where there’s familiar atmosphere of boredom and tension.
b ... laughter produces chemicals to make people feel better, which means clown doctors can be helpful.
c I spent much of the time when I was there feeling frightened ...
3) Which clauses are separated by a comma, the ones with essential information or the ones with extra information
Sentences (a) and (b) with extra information are separated by commas.
a I walk through the doors into the waiting area, where there’s familiar atmosphere of boredom and tension.
b ... laughter produces chemicals to make people feel better, which means clown doctors can be helpful.
c I spent much of the time when I was there feeling frightened ...
Now look for more sentences with non-defining attributive clauses in the reading passage, and summarise their uses in your own words.
1) People sit uncomfortably on plastic chairs, looking through old magazines, all of which have been read hundreds of times previously.
2) We have to be very sensitive and work closely with the doctors and nurses, who keep us updated on each patient.
常用who, whom, which, whose, as, when, where 等关系词引导。
e.g. My house, which I bought last year, has got a beautiful garden.
This notebook was left by Tom, who was here a moment ago.
一、引导词
非限制性定语从句
1. which指代前面主句或主句的一部分内容时。
which此时常译为“这一情况、这一件事情、这一点”等。
e.g. The child was chosen monitor of the class, which made his parents very proud.
那孩子当选为班长，这使他的父母感到很自豪。
（which = the child was chosen monitor of the class）
He told us that he had given up smoking, which was true.
他告诉我们他已经戒了烟，这是真的。
（which = that he had given up smoking）
二、如何使用非限制性定语从句
2. 具有“唯一性意义”的专有名词（如人名、地名等）或普通名词（如father，mother等），后面通常用非限制性定语从句。
e.g. Beijing, which is the capital of China, will hold the 2008 Olympic Games.
北京，中国的首都，将举办2008年的奥运会。
Her father, who is a model worker, will come to our school to give us a talk.
她的父亲，一位劳动模范，将来我们学校作一个报告。
3. 由“不定数量词（如some, several, many, a few等） / 数词 + of + whom / which”表示“整体中的一部分”的概念时，通常用非限制性定语从句。
e.g. He bought some fish from the market, a few of which are still alive.
他从市场上买了一些鱼，有几条还活着。
三、as和which引导的非限制性定从从句的区别
e.g. There hasn’t been any news about him since he left home, which upsets me.
As is known to all, smoking is harmful to one's health.
= Smoking is harmful to one’s health, as is known to all.
as which
意义 常用来表示说话人对某事的态度、解释或评论等，表示“正如……” 一般表示某事的状况或结果
位置 可以放在主句的前面或后面 多放在主句之后
用适当的关系词填空。
1. Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, ________ it will keep for two or three weeks.
2. The school shop, ________ customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays.
3. Mary was much kinder to Jack, ________, of course, made all the others upset.
where
whose
which
4. I didn’t become a serious climber until last year, ________ I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree.
5. I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, ________ my classmates recommended to me.
6. After the flooding, people _________ were stuck in that area urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive.
who/that
when
which
限制性定语从句与主句之间不能用逗号隔开；
非限制性定语从句与主句之间通常用逗号隔开。
e.g. Everyone who / that knows Jack likes him.
Liu Ying, who is our monitor, is kind and always ready to help others.
一、形式不同
限制性定语从句对先行词进行修饰和限制，说明先行词的性质、身份、特征等状况，如果去掉，主句的意思就会不完整、不明确或失去意义；
非限制性定语从句对先行词进行补充说明，与主句的关系不是十分密切，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然完整。
e.g. The woman (that / who / whom) you met just now is my mother.
The students went to the hospital to see Professor Nora, whom they respect greatly.
二、功能不同
My sister who works in Shanghai sends me an email almost every day. (翻译)
My sister, who works in Shanghai, sends me an email almost every day. (翻译)
我在上海工作的姐姐几乎每天都给我发电子邮件。
我姐姐在上海工作，她几乎每天都给我发电子邮件。
(我的姐姐可能不止一位，除了在上海工作的姐姐，还有其他姐姐，删去从句后可能表意不明)
(我只有一个姐姐，删去从句后句意依然明确)
翻译时：
一般把限制性定语从句翻译在它所修饰的先行词之前，
非限制性定语从句与主句分开翻译。
e.g. He is the man whose car was stolen.
他就是汽车被盗的那个人。
I’ve invited Mary, who lives in the next flat.
我邀请了Mary，她就住在隔壁。
三、翻译不同
在限制性定语从句中，关系代词作宾语时可以省略
在非限制性定语从句中关系词一律不能省略；
非限制性定语从句不能由that引导。
e.g. I want to see the teacher (whom) you met just now.
我想见你刚才遇到的那位老师。
That old man is John’s father, whom your son helped with the luggage yesterday.
那位老人是约翰的父亲，你儿子昨天帮他扛行李了。
四、关系词用法不同
限制性定语从句的先行词常常是名词或代词；
非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是名词或代词，也可以短语或整个句子。
e.g. They tried to think of a plan by which they could finish the task earlier.
This house, for which Mr. Smith paid $150,000, is now worth $300,000.
He said he was busy, which was untrue.
五、先行词不同
①无论在限制性定语从句中，还是在非限制性定语从句中，无论先行词是人还是物，只要关系代词在从句中作定语，关系代词就要用whose
e.g. This is the singer whose name is known to all of us.
At about 3:00 in the afternoon, we came to the village, whose scenery was really beautiful.
②无论是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句，都可以用关系副词或“介词+ which / whom”来引导。
e.g. Do you still remember the days when we stayed together in the countryside
The woman with whom you shook hands just now is head of the company.
They went to the Royal Theatre, where they saw Ibsen’s Peer Gynt.
This house, for which he paid $150,000, is now worth $300,000.
Read the passage and rewrite the tips using
non-defining attributive clauses. Add more tips to the list if you can.
SECRETS TO HAPPINESS
Achieving a positive state of mind isn’t easy for everyone. But there are ways to maintain a healthy mind even during times of difficulty.
2
1) Go for a walk in the countryside. There you can enjoy the beautiful views and a peaceful atmosphere.
Go for a walk in the countryside, where you can enjoy the beautiful views and a peaceful atmosphere.
2) Spend time with your family and friends. This will activate chemicals in your brain to make you feel happier.
Spend time with your family and friends, which will activate chemicals in your brain to make you feel happier.
3) Try to accept your mistakes. You can learn a lot through them.
Try to accept your mistakes, where/through which you can learn a lot.
4) Close your eyes and picture the future. You’ve made your dreams come true.
Close your eyes and picture the future, where you've made your dreams come true.
Complete the joke with the sentence parts in the box using who / which and put commas in the correct position.
has lost his patience by now he thinks will impress Holmes
is lying next to him he finds annoying
3
One day, Sherlock Holmes and Dr Watson go camping. They put up their tent under the stars and go to sleep. Suddenly, in the middle of the night, Watson is woken up by Holmes 1______________________. “Watson,” Holmes says,
“look up at the stars, and tell me what they tell you.”
,who is lying next to him
Not quite sure what he means, Watson thinks Holmes is joking 2______________________ at this time of night. Even so, he replies, “I see millions of stars and it’s quite likely there are some planets like Earth. And if so, this means that there might also be life on other planets.” Watson is pleased with his answer 3_________________________________. But Holmes 4______________________________ shouts, “Watson, look around you! Use your eyes! Somebody’s stolen our tent!”
,which he finds annoying
has lost his patience by now he thinks will impress Holmes
is lying next to him he finds annoying
,which he thinks will impress Holmes
,who has lost his patience by now,
选用方框内合适的选项完成下面短文（每项限用一次）。
It's human beings and other primates (灵长目动物) who are considered to be the only ones capable of responding to something they find humorous with a laugh. A good laugh is a complicated thing 1. __________. Scientists have spent years studying laughter, and studies still show laughter has great benefits.
A. why you should laugh B. whose joke is really good
C. which is produced by our bodies D. who had a strong sense of humour
E. which give you warm and happy feelings
C
It helps you lose weight.
One study found that 10 to 15 minutes of laughter can burn up to 10 to 40 calories (卡路里) each day. The relaxed feeling after a loud burst of laughter is comparable to the one felt after a good workout. Any tension in your muscles is lost and the chemicals called endorphins (内啡肽), 2. __________, are released into your brain.
A. why you should laugh B. whose joke is really good
C. which is produced by our bodies D. who had a strong sense of humour
E. which give you warm and happy feelings
E
It improves your overall health.
When we laugh, our immune system (免疫系统) is strengthened. In 1979, the findings of Professor Rod Martin, who specializes in humour research, supported the theory that people 3. __________ were less likely to become anxious or depressed. Laughing can also reduce your blood pressure.
It has social significance.
You may think that roaring together with your friend, 4. __________, is nothing more than a bit of fun.
A. why you should laugh B. whose joke is really good
C. which is produced by our bodies D. who had a strong sense of humour
E. which give you warm and happy feelings
D
B
But what you're doing is an important social activity. Studies have shown that having a laugh together with your friends or relatives will make you feel safer and strengthen your shared bond.
These are the reasons 5. __________. Laughter truly can be the best medicine, and bringing more light-heartedness into your life can give your nervous system a break. So the next time you're feeling stressed, go to a house of mirrors. It's a really good place to reflect.
A. why you should laugh B. whose joke is really good
C. which is produced by our bodies D. who had a strong sense of humour
E. which give you warm and happy feelings
A
Watson is pleased with his answer, which he thinks will impress Holmes.
impress sb. with / by sth. 给……留下深刻印象
impress sth. on sb. 使某人意识到某事的重要性
impress v. to make someone feel admiration and respect
使钦佩；使留下深刻印象
e.g. Jack impressed me with his kindness.
They impressed on their children the virtue of always
telling the truth.
impression n. 印象，感想
make a(n) ... impression on sb. 给某人留下……印象
impressive adj. 给人印象深的；令人赞叹的
【语境应用】完成句子
1) The first time she visited Guilin, she was deeply impressed __________ the scenery there.
2) The lecture that Mr. Chen made this morning made a deep ___________ (impress) on the students.
by/with
impression
Think of a joke you find funny and write it down using non-defining attributive clauses where appropriate. Then share your joke with the class.
Unit 1
Non-defining attributive clauses
To learn the use of non-defining attributive clauses
To know the differences and similarities between restrictive attributive clauses and non-defining attributive clauses
To apply non-defining attributive clauses
Look at the sentences from the reading passage and answer the questions.
a I walk through the doors into the waiting area, where there’s familiar atmosphere of boredom and tension.
b ... laughter produces chemicals to make people feel better, which means clown doctors can be helpful.
c I spent much of the time when I was there feeling frightened ...
1
1) What do “where”, “which” and “when” refer to in each sentence
a I walk through the doors into the waiting area, where there’s familiar atmosphere of boredom and tension.
b ... laughter produces chemicals to make people feel better, which means clown doctors can be helpful.
c I spent much of the time when I was there feeling frightened ...
2) Which sentences contain a clause with essential information and which with extra information
Sentence (c) contains a clause with essential information,
sentences (a) and (b) contain clauses with extra information.
a I walk through the doors into the waiting area, where there’s familiar atmosphere of boredom and tension.
b ... laughter produces chemicals to make people feel better, which means clown doctors can be helpful.
c I spent much of the time when I was there feeling frightened ...
If you take away the clauses, do the sentences still make sense
If we take away the clause of sentence c, the meaning of it is incomplete.
If we take away the clauses of sentences a and b, the two sentences still make sense.
a I walk through the doors into the waiting area, where there’s familiar atmosphere of boredom and tension.
b ... laughter produces chemicals to make people feel better, which means clown doctors can be helpful.
c I spent much of the time when I was there feeling frightened ...
3) Which clauses are separated by a comma, the ones with essential information or the ones with extra information
Sentences (a) and (b) with extra information are separated by commas.
a I walk through the doors into the waiting area, where there’s familiar atmosphere of boredom and tension.
b ... laughter produces chemicals to make people feel better, which means clown doctors can be helpful.
c I spent much of the time when I was there feeling frightened ...
Now look for more sentences with non-defining attributive clauses in the reading passage, and summarise their uses in your own words.
1) People sit uncomfortably on plastic chairs, looking through old magazines, all of which have been read hundreds of times previously.
2) We have to be very sensitive and work closely with the doctors and nurses, who keep us updated on each patient.
常用who, whom, which, whose, as, when, where 等关系词引导。
e.g. My house, which I bought last year, has got a beautiful garden.
This notebook was left by Tom, who was here a moment ago.
一、引导词
非限制性定语从句
1. which指代前面主句或主句的一部分内容时。
which此时常译为“这一情况、这一件事情、这一点”等。
e.g. The child was chosen monitor of the class, which made his parents very proud.
那孩子当选为班长，这使他的父母感到很自豪。
（which = the child was chosen monitor of the class）
He told us that he had given up smoking, which was true.
他告诉我们他已经戒了烟，这是真的。
（which = that he had given up smoking）
二、如何使用非限制性定语从句
2. 具有“唯一性意义”的专有名词（如人名、地名等）或普通名词（如father，mother等），后面通常用非限制性定语从句。
e.g. Beijing, which is the capital of China, will hold the 2008 Olympic Games.
北京，中国的首都，将举办2008年的奥运会。
Her father, who is a model worker, will come to our school to give us a talk.
她的父亲，一位劳动模范，将来我们学校作一个报告。
3. 由“不定数量词（如some, several, many, a few等） / 数词 + of + whom / which”表示“整体中的一部分”的概念时，通常用非限制性定语从句。
e.g. He bought some fish from the market, a few of which are still alive.
他从市场上买了一些鱼，有几条还活着。
三、as和which引导的非限制性定从从句的区别
e.g. There hasn’t been any news about him since he left home, which upsets me.
As is known to all, smoking is harmful to one's health.
= Smoking is harmful to one’s health, as is known to all.
as which
意义 常用来表示说话人对某事的态度、解释或评论等，表示“正如……” 一般表示某事的状况或结果
位置 可以放在主句的前面或后面 多放在主句之后
用适当的关系词填空。
1. Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, ________ it will keep for two or three weeks.
2. The school shop, ________ customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays.
3. Mary was much kinder to Jack, ________, of course, made all the others upset.
where
whose
which
4. I didn’t become a serious climber until last year, ________ I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree.
5. I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, ________ my classmates recommended to me.
6. After the flooding, people _________ were stuck in that area urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive.
who/that
when
which
限制性定语从句与主句之间不能用逗号隔开；
非限制性定语从句与主句之间通常用逗号隔开。
e.g. Everyone who / that knows Jack likes him.
Liu Ying, who is our monitor, is kind and always ready to help others.
一、形式不同
限制性定语从句对先行词进行修饰和限制，说明先行词的性质、身份、特征等状况，如果去掉，主句的意思就会不完整、不明确或失去意义；
非限制性定语从句对先行词进行补充说明，与主句的关系不是十分密切，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然完整。
e.g. The woman (that / who / whom) you met just now is my mother.
The students went to the hospital to see Professor Nora, whom they respect greatly.
二、功能不同
My sister who works in Shanghai sends me an email almost every day. (翻译)
My sister, who works in Shanghai, sends me an email almost every day. (翻译)
我在上海工作的姐姐几乎每天都给我发电子邮件。
我姐姐在上海工作，她几乎每天都给我发电子邮件。
(我的姐姐可能不止一位，除了在上海工作的姐姐，还有其他姐姐，删去从句后可能表意不明)
(我只有一个姐姐，删去从句后句意依然明确)
翻译时：
一般把限制性定语从句翻译在它所修饰的先行词之前，
非限制性定语从句与主句分开翻译。
e.g. He is the man whose car was stolen.
他就是汽车被盗的那个人。
I’ve invited Mary, who lives in the next flat.
我邀请了Mary，她就住在隔壁。
三、翻译不同
在限制性定语从句中，关系代词作宾语时可以省略
在非限制性定语从句中关系词一律不能省略；
非限制性定语从句不能由that引导。
e.g. I want to see the teacher (whom) you met just now.
我想见你刚才遇到的那位老师。
That old man is John’s father, whom your son helped with the luggage yesterday.
那位老人是约翰的父亲，你儿子昨天帮他扛行李了。
四、关系词用法不同
限制性定语从句的先行词常常是名词或代词；
非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是名词或代词，也可以短语或整个句子。
e.g. They tried to think of a plan by which they could finish the task earlier.
This house, for which Mr. Smith paid $150,000, is now worth $300,000.
He said he was busy, which was untrue.
五、先行词不同
①无论在限制性定语从句中，还是在非限制性定语从句中，无论先行词是人还是物，只要关系代词在从句中作定语，关系代词就要用whose
e.g. This is the singer whose name is known to all of us.
At about 3:00 in the afternoon, we came to the village, whose scenery was really beautiful.
②无论是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句，都可以用关系副词或“介词+ which / whom”来引导。
e.g. Do you still remember the days when we stayed together in the countryside
The woman with whom you shook hands just now is head of the company.
They went to the Royal Theatre, where they saw Ibsen’s Peer Gynt.
This house, for which he paid $150,000, is now worth $300,000.
Read the passage and rewrite the tips using
non-defining attributive clauses. Add more tips to the list if you can.
SECRETS TO HAPPINESS
Achieving a positive state of mind isn’t easy for everyone. But there are ways to maintain a healthy mind even during times of difficulty.
2
1) Go for a walk in the countryside. There you can enjoy the beautiful views and a peaceful atmosphere.
Go for a walk in the countryside, where you can enjoy the beautiful views and a peaceful atmosphere.
2) Spend time with your family and friends. This will activate chemicals in your brain to make you feel happier.
Spend time with your family and friends, which will activate chemicals in your brain to make you feel happier.
3) Try to accept your mistakes. You can learn a lot through them.
Try to accept your mistakes, where/through which you can learn a lot.
4) Close your eyes and picture the future. You’ve made your dreams come true.
Close your eyes and picture the future, where you've made your dreams come true.
Complete the joke with the sentence parts in the box using who / which and put commas in the correct position.
has lost his patience by now he thinks will impress Holmes
is lying next to him he finds annoying
3
One day, Sherlock Holmes and Dr Watson go camping. They put up their tent under the stars and go to sleep. Suddenly, in the middle of the night, Watson is woken up by Holmes 1______________________. “Watson,” Holmes says,
“look up at the stars, and tell me what they tell you.”
,who is lying next to him
Not quite sure what he means, Watson thinks Holmes is joking 2______________________ at this time of night. Even so, he replies, “I see millions of stars and it’s quite likely there are some planets like Earth. And if so, this means that there might also be life on other planets.” Watson is pleased with his answer 3_________________________________. But Holmes 4______________________________ shouts, “Watson, look around you! Use your eyes! Somebody’s stolen our tent!”
,which he finds annoying
has lost his patience by now he thinks will impress Holmes
is lying next to him he finds annoying
,which he thinks will impress Holmes
,who has lost his patience by now,
选用方框内合适的选项完成下面短文（每项限用一次）。
It's human beings and other primates (灵长目动物) who are considered to be the only ones capable of responding to something they find humorous with a laugh. A good laugh is a complicated thing 1. __________. Scientists have spent years studying laughter, and studies still show laughter has great benefits.
A. why you should laugh B. whose joke is really good
C. which is produced by our bodies D. who had a strong sense of humour
E. which give you warm and happy feelings
C
It helps you lose weight.
One study found that 10 to 15 minutes of laughter can burn up to 10 to 40 calories (卡路里) each day. The relaxed feeling after a loud burst of laughter is comparable to the one felt after a good workout. Any tension in your muscles is lost and the chemicals called endorphins (内啡肽), 2. __________, are released into your brain.
A. why you should laugh B. whose joke is really good
C. which is produced by our bodies D. who had a strong sense of humour
E. which give you warm and happy feelings
E
It improves your overall health.
When we laugh, our immune system (免疫系统) is strengthened. In 1979, the findings of Professor Rod Martin, who specializes in humour research, supported the theory that people 3. __________ were less likely to become anxious or depressed. Laughing can also reduce your blood pressure.
It has social significance.
You may think that roaring together with your friend, 4. __________, is nothing more than a bit of fun.
A. why you should laugh B. whose joke is really good
C. which is produced by our bodies D. who had a strong sense of humour
E. which give you warm and happy feelings
D
B
But what you're doing is an important social activity. Studies have shown that having a laugh together with your friends or relatives will make you feel safer and strengthen your shared bond.
These are the reasons 5. __________. Laughter truly can be the best medicine, and bringing more light-heartedness into your life can give your nervous system a break. So the next time you're feeling stressed, go to a house of mirrors. It's a really good place to reflect.
A. why you should laugh B. whose joke is really good
C. which is produced by our bodies D. who had a strong sense of humour
E. which give you warm and happy feelings
A
Watson is pleased with his answer, which he thinks will impress Holmes.
impress sb. with / by sth. 给……留下深刻印象
impress sth. on sb. 使某人意识到某事的重要性
impress v. to make someone feel admiration and respect
使钦佩；使留下深刻印象
e.g. Jack impressed me with his kindness.
They impressed on their children the virtue of always
telling the truth.
impression n. 印象，感想
make a(n) ... impression on sb. 给某人留下……印象
impressive adj. 给人印象深的；令人赞叹的
【语境应用】完成句子
1) The first time she visited Guilin, she was deeply impressed __________ the scenery there.
2) The lecture that Mr. Chen made this morning made a deep ___________ (impress) on the students.
by/with
impression
Think of a joke you find funny and write it down using non-defining attributive clauses where appropriate. Then share your joke with the class.