Unit 2 Onwards and upwards Understanding ideas Language points课件

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Unit 2
Onwards and upwards
2
U N I T
We Regret to Inform You …
regret v. to feel sorry about something you have done and wish you had not done it 对……感到遗憾
1. “We regret to inform you...” “我们抱歉地通知您……”
regret to do sth. 遗憾地去做某事 (对将做的事表示遗憾)
regret doing sth. 后悔做了某事 (对曾做过的事表示遗憾)
该句是拒稿的委婉表达。
完整句子：We regret to inform you that it is not possible for us to accept your book.
eg *I regret the loss of her friendship.
我为失去她的友谊而遗憾。
*I regret to say that I can not help you.
很抱歉，我不能帮助你。
*You'll regret having said those words!
你会后悔自己说了这样一些话！
*He was beginning to regret that he'd come along.
他开始后悔跟着来了。
(much) to one’s regret 令某人感到(极为)遗憾的是
with regret 遗憾地
regret n. sadness that you feel about something, especially because you wish it had not happened
懊悔，悔恨; 遗憾; 惋惜
eg *I heard of his illness with deep regret.
*Much to my regret, I am unable to accept your invitation.
*I decided with some regret that it was time to move on.
【语境应用】将下列句子翻译成英语。
1) 我很遗憾地告诉你，你没通过考试。
I regret to tell you that you failed / didn’t pass the test.
2) 汤姆后悔把事件的真相告诉了他母亲。
Tom regrets telling/having told/that he has told the truth of the matter to his mother.
3) 令我感到遗憾的是，三年前我和她失去了联系。
To my regret, I lost touch with her three years ago.
regretful adj. 懊悔的，遗憾的
regrettable adj. 令人遗憾的
inform v. to officially tell someone about something or give them information (正式)通知，告知(某人)
常用结构： inform sb.
inform sb. of/about sth.
inform sb. + that从句
eg *Please inform us of / about any change of address as soon as possible. 地址如有变更，请尽早通知我们。
*We regret to inform you that your application has been rejected. 我们很遗憾地通知您，您的申请被拒绝了。
information n. 消息，情报
informed adj. 有知识的，见闻广的，了解情况的
eg *The kids are much better informed than I was at their age.
*The school promised to keep parents informed of / about the situation.
【语境应用】完成句子/翻译句子。
1) Then came more than 500 enquiries for detailed ___________ (inform).
2) The Internet keeps us ___________ (inform) of what is going on around us at any time.
3) 他把你的决定告诉了我。
He informed me of / about your decision.
4) 校长告诉我们下星期学校将停一天课。
The headmaster informed us that the school would be
closed for one day next week.
information
informed
2. The response from a publisher comes back and the writer eagerly opens and reads it, their hearts sinking when they reach that final sentence.
“名词+现在分词”构成的独立主格结构，在句中作状语，其中又包含when引导的时间状语从句。
句意：出版商给了回信，作家急切地拆开来读，但读到这最后一句，心随即跌落谷底。
3. Everyone knows that success rarely happens overnight, but perhaps not many know that a lot of highly successful writers have previously faced rejection.
大家都明白，成功不是一朝一夕可以获得的；但也许很多人都不知道，很多卓越的作家也都曾被拒稿。
rarely adv. not often, seldom 很少，难得
rarely表示否定，位于句首时常引起倒装，即“rarely + 助动词 / 情态动词 / 系动词 + 主语 + 谓语动词 + 其它”。
eg Rarely do local matches live up to expectations.
eg *Little does she know about the rules.
她对规则知之甚少。
*Rarely do we see them nowadays.
近来我们很少看见他们。
类似的副词还有：
barely 几乎没有； hardly 几乎不； little/few 不多； never 从不； seldom 很少，不常；
scarcely 几乎不，简直不
【语境应用】完成句子。
1) It was he who led the trend of global information technology and electronic products, enabling the once ____________
_________________________ (罕见和昂贵的电子产品) to become part of people’s loves in modern times.
2) _______________________ (他极少去任何地方) except to his office when he was in school.
rare and
expensive electronic products
Rarely did he go anywhere
rejection n. the act of not accepting, believing in, or agreeing with something 拒绝; 否决
eg *I've applied for ten jobs, but all I've got is rejections / rejection letters.
*After many rejections, her novel was finally accepted for publication.
eg *Sarah rejected her brother's offer of help.
*The football coach rejected him for the first team.
reject v. ① to refuse to accept, believe in, or agree with something 拒绝接受，不予考虑
② to not choose someone for a job, course of study etc 拒收，不录用
【语境应用】完成句子。
1) It is almost certain that our suggestion ________________.
几乎可以肯定，我们的建议会被拒绝。
2) My little sister ________________ a company.
我妹妹被一家公司拒收了。
3) He never asked her to marry him out of fear of ______________.
他因为怕被拒绝，所以从未向她求婚。
will be rejected
was rejected by
rejection
4. Take for example J.K. Rowling. J.K.罗琳就是其中一位。
take for example: consider it or talk about it
以……为例, 将……作为例证
eg Not everyone is doing so well. Take Sherry for example — she’s still looking for a job.
for example = for instance 例如，举例来说
give (sb.) an example (给某人)举例
set an example to / for 为……树立榜样
follow one’s example 以某人为榜样，效仿某人
be an example to sb. 是……的榜样
【语境应用】完成句子。
1) __________________________ (以他的方法为例); it saves time.
2) He has been to many countries, _______ (比如) America, Spain and Germany.
3) We made many improvements to our house; _____________ (例如), we painted the walls and bought new carpets.
Take his method for example
such as
for example/
for instance
5. When she received her first rejection letter, she decided that it meant she now had something in common with her favourite writers, and stuck it on her kitchen wall.
当她收到第一封拒稿信时，她决定把这看作是自己与喜爱的作家之间有了共同之处，并把这封信贴在厨房的墙上。
have … in common (with sb): to have the same interests, attitudes etc as someone else（与某人）有共同之处
have … in common (with sth): if objects or ideas have something in common, they share the same features
（与某事物）有相同的特点
eg *We have a lot in common with each other.
我们彼此有很多共同之处。
*My views have much in common with yours.
我的观点和你的有很多相同之处。
*India, in common with many other countries, has experienced major changes over the last 100 years.
像其他许多国家一样，印度在过去 100 年里经历了
重大变化。
have a lot (much)/something/little/nothing in common with
与……有很多/有一些/几乎没有/没有相同之处
in common (with) (与……) 相同, 一样
6. Nevertheless, she persevered.
尽管如此，她依然坚持不懈。
persevere with 坚持某事
persevere in (doing) sth. 坚持不懈做某事
persevere v. to continue trying to do something in a very determined way in spite of difficulties
锲而不舍，坚持不懈
eg *She persevered with her violin lessons.
她孜孜不倦地学习小提琴。
*She had persevered in her claim for compensation.
她仍然坚持要求赔偿。
perseverance n. 不屈不挠，坚持不懈
persevering adj. 坚忍不拔的，不屈不挠的
【语境应用】完成句子。
1) He has never stopped trying and shows great ____________ (persevere).
2) We all admired their ____________ (persevere) hard work.
3) He is slow to learn, but shows great _____________ (persevere).
perseverance
persevering
perseverance
7. “I wasn’t going to give up until every single publisher turned me down, but I often feared that would happen,” she later posted.
“我不会放弃的，除非所有的出版商都拒绝我。不过我常常担心这真的会发生，”她后来说。
turn down 1) to say no to (sb or sth) especially in a polite way 拒绝(某人或其请求、提议等)
2) to lower the volume, temperature, etc., of sth by pressing a button, moving a switch, etc. 关小；调低
turn短语
turn on
turn in
turn out
turn off
打开
结果是; 出席
关掉, 关闭
退还, 上交
turn over
使翻转, 认真思考
turn up
开大, 露面, 偶然出现
turn away
走开
turn to
转向，查阅，求助于
【语境应用】用turn短语的适当形式填空。
1) I didn’t want to quarrel with him, so I _____________ without saying a word.
2) He was poor but proud, and _____________ every offer of help.
3) Every time I feel upset, I ____________ music for comfort.
4) Jim __________ most of the money he earns to his mother.
5) It was a difficult time, but eventually things _____________ all right.
turned away
turned down
turn to
turns in
turned out
8. All too often writers of great works have had to face criticism along with rejection.
在被回绝的同时还要遭受批评，这在那些写出伟大作品的作家身上太普遍了。
eg strong / severe / harsh criticism 严厉的批评
public criticism 公众的批评
accept / take criticism 接受批评
criticism n. remarks that say what you think is bad about someone or something 批评，批判; 指责
同根词
criticise v. 批评；指责；评论
critically adv. 危急地；批评性地；重要地
critical adj. 批评的； 挑剔的；关键的；严重的
critic n. 批评家；评论家
all/only too often frequently 司空见惯，屡次三番
eg All too often doctors are too busy to explain the treatment to their patients.
9. This, however, was a time when women were not encouraged to become writers.
然而，这是个不鼓励妇女成为作家的时代。
This / That / It is / was a time when …
这/那/它是一个……的时代。
when引导定语从句，修饰a time，关系副词when在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于at / during which。
eg It was a time when anything seemed possible.
This was a time when the two countries were at war.
10. In fact, it is within the pages of Jane Eyre that we can find these words: “I honour endurance, perseverance, industry, talent; because these are the means by which men achieve great ends …”
句意：其实，这正印证了我们在《简 爱》中读到的：
“我崇尚忍耐、坚毅、勤奋、天赋；因为只有依靠这
些，人们才能实现宏大的目标……”
It is … that … 强调句型，此处强调状语
by which引导的定语从句，修饰the means。by the means “用这种方式”
强调句结构为：
It + be + 被强调的部分 + that / who + 句子的其他部分
强调句可以用来强调句子的主语、宾语和状语等，但不能强调谓语动词。
当被强调部分是人时，可以用who也可以用that；
当被强调部分不是人时，用that。
强 调 句
eg *It was she who / that gave me the money.
就是她给了我钱。(强调主语)
*It is tea that I like to drink, not coffee.
我喜欢喝的是茶而不是咖啡。(强调宾语)
*It was from that time on that I became a true soldier.
正是从那个时候起，我才成为一名真正的战士。
(强调状语)
11. So, it seems that talent alone isn’t enough to guarantee success.
因此，仅靠天赋似乎不足以保证获得成功。
it seems that … 似乎……，看上去像……
eg It seems that John doesn’t like his new job.
It seems to sb. that … 在某人看来……
It seemed as if/though … 好像……
There seems to be… 似乎有……
seem to do sth. 似乎做某事
seem like + n. 似乎是……
guarantee v. 1) to promise to do something or to promise that something will happen 保证
guarantee sb. sth. = guarantee sth. to sb.
保证某人得到某物
guarantee to do sth 保证做某事
guarantee + that从句（that可省略）
eg *The ticket will guarantee you free entry.
这张票可保证你免费入场。
*Our tutors can guarantee to help you get better grades.
我们的导师可以保证帮助你取得更好的成绩。
*We cannot guarantee (that) our flights will never be delayed.
我们不能保证我们的所有航班均不误点。
guarantee v. 2) to make it certain that something will happen
确保
be guaranteed to do sth. 必定做某事
eg *Even if you complete your training, you aren't guaranteed a job. 即使你完成了培训﹐也未必就能找到工作。
*This latest incident is guaranteed to make the situation worse. 最近发生的这起事件必然会使情况更加严重。
*The $50 deposit guarantees (that) people return the boats after their hour has finished.
50英镑的押金会确保人们在划完船后将船归还。
guarantee v. 3) If a company guarantees its product or work, it promises to repair or change it if a fault develops within a particular period of time. 保修
eg They guarantee the watch for three years.
这个手表的保修年限是三年。
guarantee n. ① a firm promise that you will do sth. or that sth. will happen 保证，担保
② a formal written promise to repair or replace a product if it breaks within a specific period of time 保修单
③ sth. that makes sth. else certain to happen
起保证作用的事物
eg *I cannot give a guarantee that there will be no redundancies.
我不能保证不会裁员。
*Our computers come with a one year guarantee.
我们的电脑有一年的保修期。
*There is no guarantee that the discussions will lead to a deal.
无法保证这些讨论会达成协议。
【语境应用】完成句子。
1) We ____________________ your goods within a week.
我们保证一周内送货。
2) Can you _____________________ when I get there
我到了那里你能保证我有工作吗？
3) My watch is still _________________, so they'll fix it for free.
我的手表还在保修期内，所以他们会免费修理。
4) He ________________________ it would never happen again.
他向我保证这种事情永远不会再发生。
guarantee to deliver
guarantee me a job
under guarantee
gave me a guarantee that
12. While a lot of hard work and a touch of luck play a part, perseverance is the key.
不懈的努力和一点点运气固然很重要，但坚持不懈才是关键。
play a part (in) to be involved in a particular situation or activity and influence its development
在……中起作用；在……中扮演角色
while “尽管，虽然”，引导让步状语从句
eg *He has played an important part in saving the girl.
*He was invited to play a part in this TV play.
【语境应用】 根据括号内提示完成句子。
1) My friend Jim is looking forward to _____________________ (扮演角色的机会) the play.
2) A good diet _________________________________________ (在帮助人们长寿方面起着非常大的作用).
a chance to play a part in
plays a large part in helping people live longer
play a role in = play a part in
表示“扮演角色”还可以用act, act a / the role of 等。
eg Who is acting Hamlet
She is acting the role of Juliet.
13. “We are delighted to inform you...”
“我们高兴地通知您……”
be delighted at / by / with 某人对……感到高兴
be delighted to do sth. 某人高兴地做某事
be delighted that ... 令某人高兴的是……
delighted adj. very pleased and happy 愉快的，高兴的
eg *Susan was delighted with her new home.
Susan对她的新家很满意。
*We were delighted by / at your success.
我们为你的成功而高兴。
*I know Frank will be delighted to see you.
我知道Frank见到你会很高兴的。
*I'm delighted (that) we have settled the matter.
我很高兴我们解决了这件事。
delight n. 快乐，高兴，喜悦 (不可数名词)
with / in delight 高兴地
to the delight of sb. / to sb.’s delight 让某人高兴的是
take (great) delight in (doing) sth. 以(做)某事为乐
eg *The kids are screaming with / in delight.
*To our great delight, the day turned out fine.
*To the delight of his parents, he has made a full recovery.
*Chris takes delight in teasing his sister.
delight v. 使高兴，使欣喜
delight sb. with sth.
delight in (doing) sth.
eg *He delighted the audience with his performance.
*Rose delighted in sharing her love of birds with us.
delightful adj. 令人愉快的, 使人高兴的
delight n. 令人高兴的事，乐趣 (可数名词)
eg It was a delight to see him so fit and healthy.
【语境应用】根据括号内的汉语提示补全下面句子或对话。
1) The old man seems _________________________ (很高兴有人作伴).
2) She said that she was really ___________________________ _______________ (对即将到来的假期感到高兴).
3) He is _______________________________ (很高兴你已康复).
4) —Will you come to my graduation party
—________________ (我很愿意)!
I'd be delighted
delighted to have company
delighted at / by / with the
coming holiday
delighted that you are well again
regret to do sth.
take … for example
Have … in common
stick … on
all too often
turn … down
within the pages of
play a part (in)
遗憾地做某事
以……为例
在……有共同之处
把……贴在……上
司空见惯
拒绝; 把……关小, 调低
在……页面(版面)内
在……中起作用
I. 根据提示写出所缺单词的正确形式。
1. The classes will take place entirely online, allowing all students to work at their own __________ (进度).
2. Ludwig van Beethoven, one of the greatest composers of all time, wrote many c__________ while losing hearing ability.
3. Although it was a long and challenging investigation, it has now led to a successful o__________.
pace
classics
outcome
4. There is little chance that we will succeed in changing the situation. N__________, it is important that we try.
5. She r__________ complains about her sad life. Instead, she always encourages us with positive energy.
6. Sometimes, experiencing criticism and __________ (拒绝) allows us to discover our hidden abilities and improve ourselves.
7. Being skilled does not __________ (确保) success and highly successful people have great qualities that many of us don't.
Nevertheless
rarely
rejection(s)
guarantee
II. 选用方框内合适的内容并用其正确形式完成下列句子（每项限用一次）。
play a part, have something in common, take for example
1. Thomas Edison and Walt Disney ________________________
— they both accepted failure as merely a chance to learn.
2. When you finally understand that failure can _____________ in your success, you'll become less afraid of failure.
3. ____________________ Theodor Seuss Geisel. Known to generations as Dr Seuss, the much-loved children's author saw his first book rejected by 27 different publishers.
had something in common
play a part
Take for example