Unit 5 Revealing nature Grammar 课件
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| 名称 | Unit 5 Revealing nature Grammar 课件 |
|
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| 格式 | pptx | ||
| 文件大小 | 18.5MB | ||
| 资源类型 | 试卷 | ||
| 版本资源 | 外研版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2026-03-04 00:00:00 | ||
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(共40张PPT)
Unit 5
Unit 5
Revealing nature
Past perfect
To understand the function of the past perfect.
To learn the use of the past perfect.
To know something about Lonesome George.
Look at the sentences from the reading passage and answer the questions.
In sentence (a), which action happened first, “suspected” or “evolved from a common ancestor”
2. In sentence (b), which action happened first, “refused to believe” or “evolved from lower forms of life”
3. What does the structure had done indicate
Darwin suspected that the finches had evolved from a common ancestor, ...
Many people refused to believe that living things, including humans, had evolved from lower forms of life.
In sentence (a), which action happened first, “suspected” or “evolved from a common ancestor”
In sentence (a), “evolved form a common ancestor” happened first.
2. In sentence (b), which action happened first, “refused to believe” or “evolved from lower forms of life”
In sentence (b), “evolved from lower forms of life” happened first.
Darwin suspected that the finches
, ...
b. Many people refused to believe that living things, including humans,
had evolved from a common ancestor
had evolved from lower forms of life.
3. What does the structure had done indicate
It indicates the action happened before a certain past action.
Darwin suspected that the finches had evolved from a common ancestor, ...
Many people refused to believe that living things, including humans, had evolved from lower forms of life.
Now look for more sentences with the past perfect tense in the reading passage, and summarise its use in your own words.
1. It was a young man who had left medical school without completing his degree.
2. What’s more, he had recently received a letter from his father predicting that he would be “a disgrace to yourself and all your family”.
3. After Darwin had spent some time in South American, his room on the ship was crowded with samples of the plants and animals he had collected.
4. At that time, people believed that all species had appeared on Earth at the same time, and had not changed since.
5. It seems their beaks had evolved according to what food was available on that particular island.
6. Over time, it had slowly evolved into many new species.
We use the Past Perfect Tense to say that something had already happened before another past action or specific time in the past.
present
past
past perfect
time
the action which occurs previously in time is expressed in the past perfect tense
the action which occurs later is expressed in the past tense
肯定式为“had +过去分词”
否定式为“had not +过去分词”
助动词
过去完成时
构成
思考：had在结构中的功能是什么？
1. 表示在过去的某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态：过去的过去。
用法
eg Before we got to the train station, the train had already left.
(我们到达火车站之前，火车就已经离开了。)
常用时间状语：be then, by the end of, by the time.
eg By the end of last term, we had learnt 2,000 English words.
到上学期期末为止，我们已经学习了2,000个英语单词了。
They had lived there for ten years by then.
到那时为止，他们已经在那里住了10年了。
2. 表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去的另一个时间的动作。
eg I had intended to meet him at the airport, but I had an important meeting to attend.
我本打算去机场接他，但是我有个重要的会议要参加。
I had hoped to take a holiday this year but I was not able to get away.
我原打算今年去度假，可是我离不开。
3. 表示愿望、打算等的动词，如hope, want, expect, think, mean, suppose, intend, plan等后接从句时，一般用过去完成时表示本打算实现而未实现的愿望和计划。
eg Hardly had I left when it began to rain.
我刚离开就开始下雨了。
No sooner had he sat down than the telephone rang.
他刚坐下，电话铃就响了。
注意部分倒装
4. 在句型hardly…when和no sooner…than中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时：一……就……。
◆It / This / That was + the first / second ... + time + that从句，从句谓语常用过去完成时。
eg It was the first time that we had been to Chicago.
◆It was + 一段时间+ since从句，从句谓语用过去完成时。
eg It was two years since he had joined the army.
5. 过去完成时还可用于一些固定句型：
现在完成时与过去完成时
现在完成时 过去完成时
在“现在”的角度回顾过去，表示一个从过去持续到现在的动作或事件，对现在仍有影响 在“过去”的角度回顾一个更远的过去，强调“过去的过去”。只有和过去的某个时间或某个动作相比较时，才用过去完成时
have (has) + 过去分词 had +过去分词
时间状语常用today, this week, this year, recently等 时间状语常用by, by the end of, by the time, before, when等构成的短语或从句
eg We have lived here for ten years.
We had lived here for ten years when we had to move last year.
I have learnt 2,000 English words so far.
I had learnt 2,000 English words till then.
Have you read the newspaper today
By the end of August, they had treated over 5,000 patients.
一般过去时与过去完成时
一般过去时 过去完成时
只强调过去某一特定的时间 在时间上强调“过去的过去”
当两个或两个以上接连发生的动作用 and 或 but 连接时，按时间顺序，只需用一般过去时 在 after , as soon as 引导的从句中，由于这些连词本身已经表示出时间的先后，因此也可以用过去时来代替过去完成时
在没有明确的过去时间状语作标志时，谓语动词所表示的动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来判断： 先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的则用一般过去时。
eg They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday.
They arrived at the station at ten yesterday.
He entered the room, turned on the light and read an evening paper.
She was very happy. Her whole family were pleased with her, too. She had just won the first place in the composition competition.
Complete the paragraphs with the information from the given sentences. The sentences are in the order in which they happened. They can help you to decide the use of tenses.
1. a Natural disasters led to food shortages in the 1960s.
b Yuan Longping began to do research on hybrid rice.
c Yuan Longping developed a better type of rice.
Yuan Longping 1_________ to do research on hybrid rice because natural disasters 2__________ food shortages in the 1960s. In the end, he 3___________ a better type of rice.
began
had led to
developed
first
then
Yuan Longping was born in Beijing in 1930. After he graduated from university in the early 1950s, he declicated himself to the research of agriculture. Yuan had the idea to create a new breed of rice in the 1960s. Since then, he has worked tirelessly to research and develop a better rice breed. In 1973 he and his collaborators managed to cultivate a hybrid rice species that was superior to many others. This species produced 20 per cent more rice per plant than the commonly grown varieties. For his achievements and contributions, Yuan is known as the “father of hybrid rice” and was awarded the Medal of the Republic in 2019.
Yuan Longping
2. a Gregor Mendel chose to study pea plants because their characteristics were easy to control.
b Gregor Mendel made important discoveries about genetics.
c Gregor Mendel died in 1884.
Gregor Mendel 4__________ study pea plants because their characteristics were easy to control. By the time of his death in 1884, he 5_____________ important discoveries about genetics.
chose to
had made
Gregor Mendel (1822-1884) was an influential botanist. Mendel worked out the basic principles of heredity by experimenting with plants. In 1866, he published his findings, showing how invisible “factors” (now known as genes) are responsible for predictable visible traits. As a result of his work, he became known as the “father of modern genetics”.
Gregor Mendel
Last night, Dane and Emily danced in a competition. They danced a salsa dance. They 1. _____________ (practice) for 6 months before they danced in the competition. Dane and Emily's friends came to see the competition. Before that night, they 2. ____________ (not see) Dane and Emily dance. In fact, Dane and Emily 3. _____________ (not dance) in front of anyone before the competition.
had practiced
Fill in the blanks.
A
hadn't seen
hadn't danced
After everyone 4. ______________ (show) their dancing, the judges announced the winners. Dane and Emily won! They were the best dancers in the competition. Emily said she had never practiced so hard before! She was glad that they 5. _____________ (prepare) a lot.
had shown
had prepared
B
Hardly (1) ______ I _____(get) up this morning when I had a strange feeling that it wasn’t going to be my day. I (2) ______________ (intend) to have a big breakfast, but I had no time. I got up so late that I had to hurry to the bus stop to catch my bus. Unfortunately, I (3)__________ (step) on a banana peel and fell on my backside.
had got
had intended
stepped
What’s worse, by the time I got to the bus stop, the bus (4)_________(leave). I had no choice but to run. It was the first time that I (5)__________(run) to school. When I got to the classroom, I suddenly realized that it was Sunday. It is the worst day that I (6)___________ (have) in the past few years.
had left
had run
have had
compete decline eat live introduce arrive
Lonesome George
Lonesome George was the last Pinta Island tortoise. He died in 2012. After George’s death, the Pinta Island tortoise was declared extinct.
Complete the online encyclopedia entry with the correct form of the words in the box.
The extinction of the Pinta Island tortoise is blamed on humans. Before humans 1_________ on the island, the species 2___________ in isolation and 3__________ the plants that naturally grew there.
arrived
had lived
eaten
compete decline eat live introduce arrive
George was discovered many years after their arrival, and by then humans 4 _____________ new species that 5___________ for the food the tortoises ate. After goats in particular had been brought to the island, the Pinta Island tortoise population 6___________. Eventually, only George remained.
had inroduced
competed
declined
Act out a role-play using the information in Activity 3. One of you will play the keeper of Lonesome George, and the other will play the reporter asking about George. Use the past perfect tense where appropriate.
【语境应用】根据句意，给出decline的意思。
1) The sales declined.
2) The first signs of economic decline became visible.
3) I invited her to join us, but she declined.
v.下降
n. 衰退
v. 拒绝
1. decline v. 1) to decrease in quantity or importance 减少，降低
2) to say no politely 拒绝，谢绝
n. a decrease in the quality, quantity, or importance of something 衰落，没落; 减少，削减
blame v. to say or think that sb or sth is responsible for sth bad
责怪，指责；把……归咎于
blame …for 因……责怪
blame …on 归咎于
be to blame 应受……的责怪(有“受责怪”的意思，不用被动)
2. The extinction of the Pinta Island tortoise is blamed on humans.
eg I don’t blame Jack for the mistake.
Whenever something goes wrong, everyone blames it on me.
Which driver was to blame for the accident
选用括号内合适的内容完成下面短文。
Many plants have gone extinct through events beyond human control. But for the past two centuries, plants 1. __________ (have been, had been) victims (受害者) of habitat destruction. Here are some historic plants that have gone extinct — whether recently or long, long ago.
have been
Franklin tree was first identified in 1765 by the botanist John Bartram and named in honour of Benjamin Franklin. The tree was last seen in the wild in 1803. By the late 18th century, it 2. __________ (has become, had become) rare already. Before its extinction, people 3. ___________ (have intended, had intended) to plant it in the wild, but without success.
Franklin tree
had become
had intended
Sophora toromiro was once unique to Easter Island in Chile. But it 4. _________________ (has been announced, had been announced) extinct in the wild long before efforts to cultivate (培育) it from seeds collected in the 1960s. A combination of over-harvesting and climate change seems to be the reason for its extinction.
Sophora toromiro
had been announced
Glossopteris is one of the few success stories of the expedition led by Robert Falcon Scott, who 5. ______________ (has been frozen, had been frozen) to death in Antarctica along with his crew before they were discovered. The 270 million-year-old fossils they 6. ___________ (have collected, had collected) were brought back to London. Hardly had Glossopteris been identified when it 7. ___________ (proved, had proved) that Antarctica was once attached to the other continents and covered with plant life.
Glossopteris
had been frozen
had collected
proved
Use the past perfect tense to write at least 5 sentences.
Unit 5
Unit 5
Revealing nature
Past perfect
To understand the function of the past perfect.
To learn the use of the past perfect.
To know something about Lonesome George.
Look at the sentences from the reading passage and answer the questions.
In sentence (a), which action happened first, “suspected” or “evolved from a common ancestor”
2. In sentence (b), which action happened first, “refused to believe” or “evolved from lower forms of life”
3. What does the structure had done indicate
Darwin suspected that the finches had evolved from a common ancestor, ...
Many people refused to believe that living things, including humans, had evolved from lower forms of life.
In sentence (a), which action happened first, “suspected” or “evolved from a common ancestor”
In sentence (a), “evolved form a common ancestor” happened first.
2. In sentence (b), which action happened first, “refused to believe” or “evolved from lower forms of life”
In sentence (b), “evolved from lower forms of life” happened first.
Darwin suspected that the finches
, ...
b. Many people refused to believe that living things, including humans,
had evolved from a common ancestor
had evolved from lower forms of life.
3. What does the structure had done indicate
It indicates the action happened before a certain past action.
Darwin suspected that the finches had evolved from a common ancestor, ...
Many people refused to believe that living things, including humans, had evolved from lower forms of life.
Now look for more sentences with the past perfect tense in the reading passage, and summarise its use in your own words.
1. It was a young man who had left medical school without completing his degree.
2. What’s more, he had recently received a letter from his father predicting that he would be “a disgrace to yourself and all your family”.
3. After Darwin had spent some time in South American, his room on the ship was crowded with samples of the plants and animals he had collected.
4. At that time, people believed that all species had appeared on Earth at the same time, and had not changed since.
5. It seems their beaks had evolved according to what food was available on that particular island.
6. Over time, it had slowly evolved into many new species.
We use the Past Perfect Tense to say that something had already happened before another past action or specific time in the past.
present
past
past perfect
time
the action which occurs previously in time is expressed in the past perfect tense
the action which occurs later is expressed in the past tense
肯定式为“had +过去分词”
否定式为“had not +过去分词”
助动词
过去完成时
构成
思考：had在结构中的功能是什么？
1. 表示在过去的某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态：过去的过去。
用法
eg Before we got to the train station, the train had already left.
(我们到达火车站之前，火车就已经离开了。)
常用时间状语：be then, by the end of, by the time.
eg By the end of last term, we had learnt 2,000 English words.
到上学期期末为止，我们已经学习了2,000个英语单词了。
They had lived there for ten years by then.
到那时为止，他们已经在那里住了10年了。
2. 表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去的另一个时间的动作。
eg I had intended to meet him at the airport, but I had an important meeting to attend.
我本打算去机场接他，但是我有个重要的会议要参加。
I had hoped to take a holiday this year but I was not able to get away.
我原打算今年去度假，可是我离不开。
3. 表示愿望、打算等的动词，如hope, want, expect, think, mean, suppose, intend, plan等后接从句时，一般用过去完成时表示本打算实现而未实现的愿望和计划。
eg Hardly had I left when it began to rain.
我刚离开就开始下雨了。
No sooner had he sat down than the telephone rang.
他刚坐下，电话铃就响了。
注意部分倒装
4. 在句型hardly…when和no sooner…than中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时：一……就……。
◆It / This / That was + the first / second ... + time + that从句，从句谓语常用过去完成时。
eg It was the first time that we had been to Chicago.
◆It was + 一段时间+ since从句，从句谓语用过去完成时。
eg It was two years since he had joined the army.
5. 过去完成时还可用于一些固定句型：
现在完成时与过去完成时
现在完成时 过去完成时
在“现在”的角度回顾过去，表示一个从过去持续到现在的动作或事件，对现在仍有影响 在“过去”的角度回顾一个更远的过去，强调“过去的过去”。只有和过去的某个时间或某个动作相比较时，才用过去完成时
have (has) + 过去分词 had +过去分词
时间状语常用today, this week, this year, recently等 时间状语常用by, by the end of, by the time, before, when等构成的短语或从句
eg We have lived here for ten years.
We had lived here for ten years when we had to move last year.
I have learnt 2,000 English words so far.
I had learnt 2,000 English words till then.
Have you read the newspaper today
By the end of August, they had treated over 5,000 patients.
一般过去时与过去完成时
一般过去时 过去完成时
只强调过去某一特定的时间 在时间上强调“过去的过去”
当两个或两个以上接连发生的动作用 and 或 but 连接时，按时间顺序，只需用一般过去时 在 after , as soon as 引导的从句中，由于这些连词本身已经表示出时间的先后，因此也可以用过去时来代替过去完成时
在没有明确的过去时间状语作标志时，谓语动词所表示的动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来判断： 先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的则用一般过去时。
eg They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday.
They arrived at the station at ten yesterday.
He entered the room, turned on the light and read an evening paper.
She was very happy. Her whole family were pleased with her, too. She had just won the first place in the composition competition.
Complete the paragraphs with the information from the given sentences. The sentences are in the order in which they happened. They can help you to decide the use of tenses.
1. a Natural disasters led to food shortages in the 1960s.
b Yuan Longping began to do research on hybrid rice.
c Yuan Longping developed a better type of rice.
Yuan Longping 1_________ to do research on hybrid rice because natural disasters 2__________ food shortages in the 1960s. In the end, he 3___________ a better type of rice.
began
had led to
developed
first
then
Yuan Longping was born in Beijing in 1930. After he graduated from university in the early 1950s, he declicated himself to the research of agriculture. Yuan had the idea to create a new breed of rice in the 1960s. Since then, he has worked tirelessly to research and develop a better rice breed. In 1973 he and his collaborators managed to cultivate a hybrid rice species that was superior to many others. This species produced 20 per cent more rice per plant than the commonly grown varieties. For his achievements and contributions, Yuan is known as the “father of hybrid rice” and was awarded the Medal of the Republic in 2019.
Yuan Longping
2. a Gregor Mendel chose to study pea plants because their characteristics were easy to control.
b Gregor Mendel made important discoveries about genetics.
c Gregor Mendel died in 1884.
Gregor Mendel 4__________ study pea plants because their characteristics were easy to control. By the time of his death in 1884, he 5_____________ important discoveries about genetics.
chose to
had made
Gregor Mendel (1822-1884) was an influential botanist. Mendel worked out the basic principles of heredity by experimenting with plants. In 1866, he published his findings, showing how invisible “factors” (now known as genes) are responsible for predictable visible traits. As a result of his work, he became known as the “father of modern genetics”.
Gregor Mendel
Last night, Dane and Emily danced in a competition. They danced a salsa dance. They 1. _____________ (practice) for 6 months before they danced in the competition. Dane and Emily's friends came to see the competition. Before that night, they 2. ____________ (not see) Dane and Emily dance. In fact, Dane and Emily 3. _____________ (not dance) in front of anyone before the competition.
had practiced
Fill in the blanks.
A
hadn't seen
hadn't danced
After everyone 4. ______________ (show) their dancing, the judges announced the winners. Dane and Emily won! They were the best dancers in the competition. Emily said she had never practiced so hard before! She was glad that they 5. _____________ (prepare) a lot.
had shown
had prepared
B
Hardly (1) ______ I _____(get) up this morning when I had a strange feeling that it wasn’t going to be my day. I (2) ______________ (intend) to have a big breakfast, but I had no time. I got up so late that I had to hurry to the bus stop to catch my bus. Unfortunately, I (3)__________ (step) on a banana peel and fell on my backside.
had got
had intended
stepped
What’s worse, by the time I got to the bus stop, the bus (4)_________(leave). I had no choice but to run. It was the first time that I (5)__________(run) to school. When I got to the classroom, I suddenly realized that it was Sunday. It is the worst day that I (6)___________ (have) in the past few years.
had left
had run
have had
compete decline eat live introduce arrive
Lonesome George
Lonesome George was the last Pinta Island tortoise. He died in 2012. After George’s death, the Pinta Island tortoise was declared extinct.
Complete the online encyclopedia entry with the correct form of the words in the box.
The extinction of the Pinta Island tortoise is blamed on humans. Before humans 1_________ on the island, the species 2___________ in isolation and 3__________ the plants that naturally grew there.
arrived
had lived
eaten
compete decline eat live introduce arrive
George was discovered many years after their arrival, and by then humans 4 _____________ new species that 5___________ for the food the tortoises ate. After goats in particular had been brought to the island, the Pinta Island tortoise population 6___________. Eventually, only George remained.
had inroduced
competed
declined
Act out a role-play using the information in Activity 3. One of you will play the keeper of Lonesome George, and the other will play the reporter asking about George. Use the past perfect tense where appropriate.
【语境应用】根据句意，给出decline的意思。
1) The sales declined.
2) The first signs of economic decline became visible.
3) I invited her to join us, but she declined.
v.下降
n. 衰退
v. 拒绝
1. decline v. 1) to decrease in quantity or importance 减少，降低
2) to say no politely 拒绝，谢绝
n. a decrease in the quality, quantity, or importance of something 衰落，没落; 减少，削减
blame v. to say or think that sb or sth is responsible for sth bad
责怪，指责；把……归咎于
blame …for 因……责怪
blame …on 归咎于
be to blame 应受……的责怪(有“受责怪”的意思，不用被动)
2. The extinction of the Pinta Island tortoise is blamed on humans.
eg I don’t blame Jack for the mistake.
Whenever something goes wrong, everyone blames it on me.
Which driver was to blame for the accident
选用括号内合适的内容完成下面短文。
Many plants have gone extinct through events beyond human control. But for the past two centuries, plants 1. __________ (have been, had been) victims (受害者) of habitat destruction. Here are some historic plants that have gone extinct — whether recently or long, long ago.
have been
Franklin tree was first identified in 1765 by the botanist John Bartram and named in honour of Benjamin Franklin. The tree was last seen in the wild in 1803. By the late 18th century, it 2. __________ (has become, had become) rare already. Before its extinction, people 3. ___________ (have intended, had intended) to plant it in the wild, but without success.
Franklin tree
had become
had intended
Sophora toromiro was once unique to Easter Island in Chile. But it 4. _________________ (has been announced, had been announced) extinct in the wild long before efforts to cultivate (培育) it from seeds collected in the 1960s. A combination of over-harvesting and climate change seems to be the reason for its extinction.
Sophora toromiro
had been announced
Glossopteris is one of the few success stories of the expedition led by Robert Falcon Scott, who 5. ______________ (has been frozen, had been frozen) to death in Antarctica along with his crew before they were discovered. The 270 million-year-old fossils they 6. ___________ (have collected, had collected) were brought back to London. Hardly had Glossopteris been identified when it 7. ___________ (proved, had proved) that Antarctica was once attached to the other continents and covered with plant life.
Glossopteris
had been frozen
had collected
proved
Use the past perfect tense to write at least 5 sentences.