Unit 5 Revealing nature Understanding ideas课件

(共43张PPT)
Unit 5
Unit 5
Revealing nature
A Journey of Discovery
To understand the passage and analyze it through studying the style and writing skills;
To read carefully and understand the difficulties of exploring science;
To develop the awareness of scientific exploring.
What do you know about the man
What can you tell from the picture
Charles Robert Darwin(1809-1882) was an English geologist and naturalist. In his famous book On the Origin of Species, Darwin proposed the theory that organisms (individual life forms) evolve extremely slowly. He stated that the organisms that were better suited to their environments would survive and pass on their favorable characteristics to the next generation, while the less suitable organisms would gradually die out. He called this process “natural selection”.
Look at the evolutionary tree and answer the questions.
1. What is evolution
2. Can you tell us the direction of evolution
evolutionary tree
The slow steady development of plants, animals, etc. during the history of the earth, as they adapt to changes in their environment.
From bottom to top.
3. What species do you recognise in the picture
4. What factors can cause the process of evolution
Paramecium, earthworm, snail, crab, fish, tortoise, bird, horse, human, frog, algae, moss, fern…
The ever-changing environment of nature; environmental changes; population immigration; genetic mutation; cultural preference…
evolutionary tree
Predict the main idea of the text according to the picture and the title.
A Journey of Discovery
The passage may be mainly about how Darwin’s Theory of Evolution generated and developed on his journey.
1. the loss of other people's respect and approval because of the bad way sb. has behaved
2. a small part of something intended as representative of the whole
3. the hard pointed part of a bird's mouth
4. a scientist who studies geology
disgrace
sample
beak
geologist
Before you read, try to understand the words below by matching them with the definitions.
answer the call disgrace sample finch beak geologist suspect generate decline
5. respond the call
6. far away in space or time
7. to produce or create sth.
8. a continuous decrease in the number, value, quality, etc. of sth.
9. to think or believe something to be true or probable
distant
generate
decline
suspect
answer the call
answer the call disgrace sample finch distant geologist suspect generate decline
Darwin's interest in various living things made him a great naturalist.
Darwin's journey on the Beagle inspired his Theory of Evolution.
Darwin went on a journey to confirm his theory that humans had evolved over time.
Choose the main idea of the passage and give your reasons.
A narrative essay is a story with a beginning, middle, and end.
A descriptive essay describes a subject and lists interesting details.
An expository essay is factual, giving information on a subject.
An argumentative essay aims to convince the readers.
narrative, descriptive, expository, and argumentative.
What are the four major types of essay
A narrative essay tells a story or gives an account of something that has happened. The purpose is to retell a story based on personal experience or the writer’s imagination. All stories have the same essential ingredients: a series of events which are organized in an order and told by a narrator.
A Journey of Discovery is a narrative essay.
Elements:
what, where, who, why, how
narrative essay
Point of view:
first person (more graphic and lifelike)
third person (objective)
Order:
chronological order
time order
Tense:
past tense (stories happened in the past)
Can you find out what kind of narrative order the author used
Time order.
顺叙是最基本、最常见的一种记叙方法，按照事件的发生、发展、高潮、结局的先后顺序进行叙述。如果作者在文章一开始就交代了故事的结局（或高潮），然后再按照事件发生、发展的先后顺序来进行叙述，就产生了另一种记叙方法：倒叙。
先交代故事发生的背景：一位未完成其医学学业的年轻人登上了“贝格尔号”。船长一开始并不看好他，就连他的父亲都觉得他会让自己的家人蒙羞。读者一定很好奇这位年轻人到底是谁，他又为什么能登上“贝格尔号”。
倒叙
但作者并没有急于回答这两个问题，反而话锋一转，先告诉了读者结局：他的乘船冒险之旅带来有史以来最重要的一项科学发现。接着在第二段，作者才交代了故事的主人公Charles Darwin。然后，作者介绍了Darwin在船上的经历，以及他是如何提出物种进化论的。
倒叙的叙事方法能增强文章的生动性，使文章产生悬念，引人入胜。
Match the main idea with its corresponding paragraph.
Paragraph 1 A. Different finches on each of the islands inspired Darwin to notice how their beaks had evolved.
Paragraph 2 B. Darwin's ideas were different from other people's beliefs on species evolution.
Paragraph 3 C. As Darwin studied plants and animals in South America, he wondered how different species came to exist.
Paragraph 4 D. Darwin made a conclusion: new species of plants and animals evolved from earlier ancestors.
Paragraph 5 E. Darwin's On the Origin of Species was published but caused a storm.
Paragraph 6 F. On the Origin of Species has changed ideas about life on Earth forever.
Paragraph 7 G. Darwin answered the call to visit distant countries yet little known.
GCBADEF
Read for detailed information.
He was not the captain’s first choice.
He was a disgrace to himself and all his family.
He was a young man who had left medical school without completing his degree.
Writing purpose: Set the suspense to attract reader’s interests
Charles Darwin was a geologist and naturalist, fascinated by rocks, plants and animals.
How did different species come to exist
All species had appeared on Earth at the same time, and had not changed since
Animals evolved as they adapted to their changing environments
Look for more evidence
Darwin noticed finches’ beaks had evolved according to what food was available on that particular island.
New species of plants and animals evolved from earlier ancestors.
A theory of evolution.
Darwin explained this theory in his book, On the Origin of Species.
On the Origin of Species is regarded as one of the most important works ever written. It has changed ideas about life on Earth forever.
First, refused to believe, shocked.
Later, started to believe.
asked himself a question (generated an idea)
answered the question (developed an idea)
published the book (proposed a theory)
started his journey
Complete the information.
degree
England
samples
similar
difference
ancestors
storm
life
Choose the best answer to each of the following questions according to the text.
1. What can we infer from the letter of Darwin's father
A. Darwin's father often wrote to his son.
B. Darwin's father had no confidence in his son.
C. Darwin's father supported Darwin's adventure.
D. Darwin's father thought medicine was not for his son.
2. What was the public's attitude to Darwin's theory at first
A. Astonished. B. Supportive.
C. Disappointed. D. Uncaring.
3. Which of the following can best explain the title of the text
A. The ship, the Beagle's journey.
B. Darwin's life-changing experience.
C. A journey of visiting unknown countries.
D. A journey where Darwin found species' evolution.
4. Where is this text most likely from
A. A magazine. B. A guidebook.
C. A novel. D. A diary.
Number the puzzle pieces in order. Organise information from the passage and complete them.
1
2
3
4
5
Darwin studied ___________________________________________
_________________________________________________________.
He noticed that some species of animals were __________________
_______.
ON HIS JOURNEY
1
various living things in their natural environments and samples of the plants and animals he had collected
very similar to each
other
GENERATE IDEAS
2
Darwin asked the questions:
How did different species _____________
________________________________________________________
______________
come to exist
Maybe animals evolved as they adapted to their changing environments
LOOK FOR MORE EVIDENCE
3
DEVELOP IDEAS
4
On the Galápagos Islands:
He noticed ___________________________________________
__________________.
It seemed the beaks ____________________________________
______________________________.
that there was a difference between the finches on each of the islands
had evolved according to what food was available on that particular island
Darwin suspected that the finches _________________________
______________________________________________________
and it had __________________________________.
had evolved from a common ancestor, which had arrived on the islands a long time before
slowly evolved into many new species
PROPOSE A THEORY
The Theory of Evolution: living things, including humans, _________________________________________________.
had evolved from lower forms of life
kept doing research to further prove his theory
feared to cause an outcry from the public
had a busy personal life or poor health
was not ready in writing
…
Now discuss why Darwin did not publish his Theory of Evolution until 1859, about twenty years after his discovery. Do further research if necessary.
Why were many people “shocked” by Darwin's theory
At that time, people believed that all species had appeared on Earth at the same time and had not changed since, but Darwin’s theory proposed that living things, including humans, had evolved from lower forms of life, which, as a result, shocked many people.
2. What kind of person was Darwin according to the passage
Darwin was a determined man. He had strong curiosity and interest in science and was good at thinking and making discoveries.
3. How do you think the human species will evolve in the future
Will we become larger or smaller, smarter or dumber How will the emergence of new diseases and the rise in global temperature shape us Will a new human species arise one day
4. What have you learnt about the spirit of scientific exploration How can this spirit help you in your life and studies
Below is a summary of the text. Fill in each blank with one proper word or the proper form of the given word.
Charles Darwin, a young man who had dropped out of medical school, participated in a journey visiting 1. __________ (distance) countries yet little known on the Beagle. Although his father considered Darwin would be “a disgrace” to himself and his family, Darwin began his adventure, during which he made one of the 2. ___________ (important) scientific discoveries of all time.
distant
most important
The journey 3. ___________ began in 1831 gave him the chance 4. ___________ (study) various living things in their natural environments. After Darwin had spent some time in South America, his room on the ship was crowded 5. ___________ samples of the plants and animals he had collected. This young man wanted to find out 6. ___________ different species came to exist.
The Beagle reached the Galápagos Islands in 1835. Darwin saw a variety of new species, but it was the birds that 7. __________ (interest) him the most.
which / that
to study
with
how
interested
Darwin suspected that the finches had evolved from a common ancestor, which had arrived on the islands a long time before. Over time, it had 8. __________ (gradual) evolved into many new species.
Darwin explained the theory of evolution in his book 9. __________ (name) On the Origin of Species, which was not published until 1859 and immediately shocked many people. However, Darwin's scientific studies were so 10. __________ (convince) that more and more people started to believe his theory.
gradually
named
convincing
根据提示写出所缺单词的正确形式。
1. It is __________ (猜想) that this valley contains fossils of many extinct species.
2. The wind farm may be able to g__________ enough electricity for 2,000 homes.
3. Many historical discoveries have shown that Beijing Man shared a common a__________ with several early human species and coexisted with them for a long time.
suspected
generate
ancestor
4. We believe that people will stop the use of man-made chemicals in agriculture entirely in the not too __________ (遥远的) future.
5. After observing those __________ (样本) of leaves from different plants, researchers concluded that some plants require more sunlight to grow than others.
distant
samples
Man selects only for his own good; nature only for that of the being which she tends.
人类选择那些只对自己有利的事物，而自然选择她所偏爱的生命。
—Charles Darwin
What have you learnt about the spirit of scientific exploration How can this spirit help you in your life and studies Write a short passage about it.