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1．(2016·新课标Ⅱ)We
can
choose
between
staying
at
home
and
take
a
trip.
1．take→taking 句意：我们可以选择待在家里或是去旅行。and连接两个并列成分。本句中动名词短语staying
at
home与taking
a
trip构成并列关系，都作介词between的宾语。
2．(2016·新课标Ⅲ)I
showed
them
I
was
independent
by
wear
strange
clothes.
2．wear→wearing 句意：我通过穿一些奇怪的衣服向他们展示我的独立。by是介词，后接动名词短语作宾语。
3．(2015·新课标Ⅱ)After
looks
at
the
toy
for
some
time，he
turned
around
and
found
that
his
parents
were
missing.
3．looks→looking 句意：他观看了一会儿玩具之后，转身发现父母亲不见了。after是介词，后跟v. ing形式。
4．(2015·浙江)I
enjoyed
sit
close
to
the
windows
and
looking
at
the
view.
4．sit→sitting 句意：我喜欢坐在窗子旁边欣赏窗外的风景。动词enjoy后接v. ing形式。
5．(2015·浙江)The
position
of
the
classroom
with
its
view
made
me
felt
like
I
was
dreaming.
5．felt→feel
句意：教室的位置及其景色使我觉得犹如在梦中。make
sb.do
sth.“使某人做某事”，后面须接不带to的不定式。
6．(2015·陕西)My
favorite
picture
at
the
party
is
of
my
coach
and
me
enjoy
the
biscuits
with
happy
laughter!
6．enjoy→enjoying 句意：我最喜欢的照片是我和我的教练在聚会上开心地享用饼干的照片。分析句子结构可知，enjoy须用非谓语动词形式说明my
coach
and
me的情形。再根据逻辑关系可知，enjoy为my
coach
and
me所发出的动作，用v. ing形式。
7．(2014·辽宁)It
is
difficult
to
understanding
why
she
barks
every
minute
she's
outside.
7．understanding→understand 句意：真不明白她为什么在外面就要吠叫。分析句子结构可知，本句中的it是一个形式主语，而to
do不定式作真正的主语。
8．(2014·陕西)One
evening
at
sunset，we
sat
by
the
fire，have
our
barbecue.
8．have→having 句意：一天傍晚，我们坐在火边吃烧烤。分析句子结构可知，本句中动词have须用非谓语动词形式；它与句子主语we构成逻辑上的主动关系，所以使用现在分词在句中作状语。
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1．(2016·新课标Ⅰ，66)．..a
TV
show
in
the
mid 1980s，when
I
was
the
first
Western
TV
reporter________(permit)to
film
a
special
unit
caring
for
pandas
rescued
from
starvation
in
the
wild.
1．permitted 句意：……那时我是第一个被允许拍摄一个特殊的关于照料……的单元的西方电视台记者。TV
reporter和permit之间是被动关系，用过去分词作后置定语。
2．(2016·新课标Ⅰ，67)My
ambassadorial
duties
will
include
________(introduce)British
visitors
to
the
120 plus
pandas
at
Chengdu
and
others
at
a
research
centre
in
the
misty
mountains
of
Bifengxia.
2．introducing 句意：我的大使职责将包括把英国参观者介绍给成都的120多只大熊猫及其他一些在碧峰峡雾山中一个研究中心里的熊猫们。include为及物动词，后面应用动名词形式作宾语。
3．(2016·新课标Ⅱ，49)If
you
find
something
you
love
doing
outside
of
the
office，you'll
be
less
likely
________(bring)your
work
home.
3．to
bring 句意：如果你在办公室外面发现了你喜欢做的事情，你就不太可能把工作带回家去做。be
likely
to
do
sth.“可能做某事”。
4．(2016·新课标Ⅲ，63)Skilled
workers
also
combine
various
hardwoods
and
metal
________(create)special
designs.
4．to
create 句意：熟练的工匠也把硬木和金属结合在一起制作特殊的图案。此处为动词不定式作目的状语。
5．(2016·新课标Ⅲ，64)People
probably
cooked
their
food
in
large
pots，________(use)twigs(树枝)to
remove
it.
5．using 句意：人们或许在大锅中做饭，用树枝把它弄出来。主语people与use之间为主动关系，故用现在分词作伴随状语。
6．(2016·四川，64)For
25
days，she
never
left
her
baby，not
even
to
find
something
________(eat)!
6．to
eat 句意：她25天都没有离开过她的孩子，甚至没找吃的东西。修饰不定代词something应用动词不定式作后置定语。
7．(2016·浙江，1)—Are
you
sure
you're
ready
for
the
test
—No
problem.I'm
well
________(prepare)for
it.
7．prepared 句意：——你确定你准备好考试了吗？——没问题。我已经做好准备了。I作主语，be动词后要接动词的 ed形式充当表语。
8．(2016·浙江，10)To
return
to
the
problem
of
water
pollution，I'd
like
you
to
look
at
a
study
________(conduct)in
Australia
in
2012.
8．conducted 句意：为了回到水污染的问题，我想要你研究一下2012年澳大利亚进行的研究。这里用过去分词表示被动和完成，充当定语修饰前面的名词study。
9．(2016·浙江，13)A
sudden
stop
can
be
a
very
________(frighten)experience，especially
if
you
are
travelling
at
high
speed.
9．frightening 句意：突然停止会是一次可怕的经历，尤其是如果你正以高速运行的时候。主语是表示物的A
sudden
stop，所以be动词后面用动词的 ing形式作表语。
10．(2016·浙江，19)I
had
as
much
fun
sailing
the
seas
as
I
now
do
________(work)with
students.
10．working 句意：我在海上航行和现在做的和学生一起进行的工作一样快乐。这里用现在分词表示伴随。
11．(2016·北京，26)________(make)it
easier
to
get
in
touch
with
us，you'd
better
keep
this
card
at
hand.
11．To
make 句意：为了与我们联系更方便一些，你最好把这张卡片随身带着。分析句子成分可知，本空在句中作目的状语，因此用不定式。
12．(2016·北京，28)________(order)over
a
week
ago，the
books
are
expected
to
arrive
any
time
now.
12．Ordered 句意：这些书是一个星期以前订购的，现在随时都可能到货。本空动词位于句首，不是祈使句，须用非谓语动词；order与books是逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词作状语表示被动或已发生。
13．(2016·北京，32)Newly built
wooden
cottages
line
the
street，________(turn)the
old
town
into
a
dreamland.
13．turning 句意：新建的小木屋排列在街道边，把这个古镇变成了一个人间仙境。本空动词没有连词与谓语连接，此时要用非谓语动词。cottages和turn是主动关系，故用现在分词作结果状语表示主动含义。
14．(2016·天津，4)The
cooling
wind
swept
through
our
bedroom
windows，________(make)air
conditioning
unnecessary.
14．making 句意：凉爽的风通过卧室的窗户吹进来，没有必要开空调了。此处表示顺其自然的结果，The
cooling
wind与make是主动关系，故用现在分词短语作结果状语。
15．(2015·新课标Ⅰ，68)Yangshuo
is
really
beautiful.A
study
of
travelers
________(conduct)by
the
website
TripAdvisor
names
Yangshuo
as
one
of
the
top
10
destinations
in
the
world.
15．conducted 句意：……由旅行顾问网站进行的对旅游者的研究将阳朔命名为世界上前十位的旅游目的地之一。因为study和conduct之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语。
16．(2015·新课标Ⅰ，70)Abercrombie
&
Kent，a
travel
company
in
Hong
Kong，says
it
regularly
arranges
quick
getaways
here
for
people
________(live)in
Shanghai
and
Hong
Kong.
16．living 句意：……说它经常给居住在上海和香港的人安排快速通道。因为people和live之间是主动关系，所以用动词 ing形式作定语。
17．(2015·新课标Ⅱ，41)The
adobe
dwellings(土坯房)________(build)by
the
Pueblo
Indians
of
the
American
Southwest
are
admired
by
even
the
most
modern
of
architects
and
engineers.
17．built 句意：由美国西南部的印第安村庄的印第安人建造的土坯房……
the
adobe
dwellings与build之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。
18．(2015·新课标Ⅱ，46)When
a
new
day
breaks，the
walls
have
given
up
their
heat
and
are
now
cold
enough
________(cool)the
house
during
the
hot
day：at
the
same
time，they
warm
up
again
for
the
night.
18．to
cool 句意：……墙壁已经释放完它们的热量了，现在在炎热的天气里就足够冷来使房间冷却……be
enough
to
do
sth.“足够……来做某事”。
19．(2015·北京，23)The
park
was
full
of
people，________(enjoy)themselves
in
the
sunshine.
19．enjoying 句意：公园里挤满了人，他们都在尽情享受阳光。因为people与enjoy之间是主动关系，所以这里使用enjoying形式作伴随状语。
20．(2015·福建，28)________(learn)more
about
Chinese
culture，Jack
has
decided
to
take
Chinese
folk
music
as
an
elective
course.
20．To
learn 句意：为了了解更多的中国文化，杰克决定学习中国民歌作为选修课内容。这里用不定式短语作目的状语，所以填To
learn。
21．(2015·福建，33)In
recent
years
an
English
word
“infosphere”
has
appeared，________(combine)the
sense
of
“information”
and
“atmosphere”．
21．combining 句意：最近几年，一个英语单词
“infosphere”出现了，它结合了information和atmosphere两个单词的意思。combine和主语是主动关系，所以用动词的 ing形式作状语。
22．(2015·安徽，27)________(ignore)the
difference
between
the
two
research
findings
will
be
one
of
the
worst
mistakes
you
make.
22．Ignoring 句意：无视两个研究结果的区别将会成为你犯的最糟糕的错误之一。根据句子结构可知，这里需要一个动名词作主语。
23．(2015·陕西，18)Back
from
his
two year
medical
service
in
Africa，Dr.Lee
was
very
happy
to
see
his
mother
________(take)good
care
of
at
home.
23．taken 句意：从在非洲为期两年的医疗服务回来后，李医生非常开心地看到他的母亲在家里被照顾得很好。see
sb.done“看到某人被……”。
24．(2015·陕西，24)At
college，Barack
Obama
didn't
know
that
he
________(become)the
first
black
president
of
the
United
States
of
America.
24．was
to
become 句意：在大学的时候，巴拉克·奥巴马并不知道他会成为美国第一位黑人总统。be
to
do“一定或注定会做某事”，表示将来时态。
25．(2015·天津，5)________(absorb)in
painting，John
didn't
notice
evening
approaching.
25．Absorbed 句意：专心致志于绘画中，约翰没有注意到夜幕降临。John与absorb之间是被动关系，be
absorbed
in
表示“专心于……”。
26．(2015·天津，8)________(work)for
two
days，Steve
managed
to
finish
his
report
on
schedule.
26．Having
worked 句意：已经工作了两天，史蒂夫设法按时完成了报告。由for
two
days可知分词动作发生在谓语动词之前，且与句子主语为主动关系，所以用having
done形式。
27．(2015·北京，21)________(catch)the
early
flight，we
ordered
a
taxi
in
advance
and
got
up
very
early.
27．To
catch 句意：为了能赶上早班飞机，我们提前预订了一辆计程车并且起得很早。根据句意和句子结构可知，这里用不定式作目的状语，所以填To
catch。
28．(2015·重庆，6)________(raise)in
the
poorest
area
of
Glasgow，he
had
a
long，hard
road
to
becoming
a
football
star.
28．Raised 句意：他在格拉斯哥最贫穷的地方被抚养长大，想成为足球明星还有一段很长、很艰难的路程要走。raise和he之间有逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词作原因状语。
29．(2015·重庆，11)Like
ancient
sailors，birds
can
find
their
way
________(use)the
sun
and
the
stars.
29．using 句意：和古代的水手一样，鸟儿凭借太阳和星星来找到飞行的路线。use和句子的主语birds之间有逻辑上的主谓关系，所以用动词 ing形式作状语。
30．(2014·新课标Ⅱ，41)One
morning，I
was
waiting
at
the
bus
stop，worried
about
________(be)late
for
school.
30．being 句意：一天早上，我在公交车站等车，担心可能会上学迟到。位于介词后，故用动名词作宾语。
31．(2014·新课标Ⅱ，46)I
heard
a
passenger
behind
me
shouting
to
the
driver，but
he
refused
________(stop)until
we
reached
the
next
stop.
31．to
stop 句意：我听到后面一位乘客对司机大声叫喊，但是司机拒绝停车，直到到达下一站。refuse
to
do
sth.“拒绝做某事”，是固定搭配。
32．(2014·新课标Ⅱ，47)Still，the
boy
kept
________(ride)．
32．riding 句意：那个男孩仍然继续骑车。keep
doing
sth.“持续做某事”，是固定搭配。
33．(2014·辽宁，64)Keep
________(hold)your
position
for
a
while.
33．holding 句意：这个姿势要保持一会。keep
doing
sth.“持续做某事”，是固定搭配。
34．(2014·山东，9)It's
standard
practice
for
a
company
like
this
one
________(employ)a
security
officer.
34．to
employ 句意：像这样的公司雇用一名保安是惯常做法。it是形式主语，动词不定式是真正主语。“It's＋形容词/名词＋(for...)to
do...”表示“(对……来说)做……是……”。
35．(2014·湖南，35)________(free)ourselves
from
the
physical
and
mental
tensions，we
each
need
deep
thought
and
inner
quietness.
35．To
free 句意：想要从身心的双重压力中解放自我，我们每个人都需要深思和内心安宁。不定式作目的状语。
36．(2014·湖南，23)________(understand)your
own
needs
and
styles
of
communication
is
as
important
as
learning
to
convey
your
affection
and
emotions.
36．Understanding 句意：明白自己的需求及沟通方式和学会表达爱及情绪同等重要。要填的词作句子的主语，且陈述一个客观事实，表示主动意义，故填动名词的一般式。
37．(2014·江西，26)When
it
comes
to
________(speak)in
public，no
one
can
match
him.
37．speaking 句意：说到在公众面前演讲，没有人能比得上他。when
it
comes
to...表示“谈到/说到……”，后接名词或动名词。此处填动名词的一般式。
38．(2014·广西，23)Today
there
are
more
airplanes
________(carry)more
people
than
ever
before
in
the
skies.
38．carrying 句意：与以前相比，现在有更多的航班可以载更多的乘客。句子主干是there
be句式，carry应用非谓语动词形式；airplanes与carry之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。
39．(2014·山东，6)There's
a
note
pinned
to
the
door
________(say)when
the
shop
will
open
again.
39．saying 句意：门上钉有一张便条，说商店何时再度开门营业。note与say是主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。
40．(2014·湖南，27)There
is
no
greater
pleasure
than
lying
on
my
back
in
the
middle
of
the
grassland，________(stare)at
the
night
sky.
40．staring 句意：没有比躺在草地中央，凝视着夜晚的天空更令人快乐的事了。根据句意可知，stare的动作与lie同时发生，故用现在分词作状语。
41．(2014·北京，25)Last
night，there
were
millions
of
people
________(watch)the
opening
ceremony
live
on
TV.
41．watching 句意：昨天晚上数百万的人从电视上收看了开幕式的直播。millions
of
people与watch之间存在逻辑上的主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。
42．(2014·安徽，32)While
waiting
for
the
opportunity
to
get
________(promote)，Henry
did
his
best
to
perform
his
duty.
42．promoted 句意：在等待被提升的机会时，亨利尽力做好自己的本职工作。get此处为连系动词，意为“被；受到”，后面接过去分词形式，构成“get＋过去分词”式被动结构。
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1．对非谓语动词类考题，解题时首先要通过句子结构判断是否是非谓语动词，若句中有连词，则需用谓语动词形式，若句中没有连词，则考虑用非谓语动词形式，再通过分析句子成分判断应使用哪种非谓语动词。例如：作主语、宾语用动名词或动词不定式；作状语常用分词：目的状语常用动词不定式，伴随状语则常用现在分词等。
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(2015·新课标Ⅱ，44)In
addition
to
their
simple
beauty，what
makes
the
adobe
dwellings
admirable
is
their
ability
to
“air
condition”
a
house
without
________(use)electric
equipment.
【解析】 using 句意：除了它们的简单美之外，这种土坯房值得赞扬的是它们不用电力设备就能给房间制冷的能力。介词without后面应该接名词或动名词，故应用using。
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(2014·新课标Ⅰ，65)It
took
years
of
work
________(reduce)the
industrial
pollution
and
clean
the
river.
【解析】 to
reduce 句意：减少工业污染，清理河流花了数年的时间。句子的主语是it，谓语动词是过去式took，所填词应用非谓语动词形式；根据it
takes...to
do
sth.“花费……做某事”判断本空填动词不定式。
2．确定为非谓语动词后，再观察非谓语动词与被修饰词之间的主动、被动关系以及动作发生的时间，由此判断出正确的时态、语态形式。非谓语动词与被修饰词之间是主动关系，常用现在分词、动词不定式或动名词的一般式；是被动关系，则用过去分词、 ing形式或动词不定式的被动式；非谓语动词表示的动作如果发生的早，则要考虑完成式等。
INCLUDEPICTURE
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MERGEFORMAT
(2015·四川)We've
been
spending
a
lot
of
time
sing
in
karaoke
bars.
【解析】 sing→singing 句意：我们在卡拉OK厅嗨歌花了许多时间。spend...(in)doing
sth.“花费金钱或时间做某事”，为固定结构。
INCLUDEPICTURE
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MERGEFORMAT
(2015·北京，31)If
________(accept)for
the
job，you'll
be
informed
soon.
【解析】 accepted 句意：如果你被接受做这份工作，那么你很快就会收到通知。本句的主语you和accept之间是被动关系，所以这里使用过去分词形式，是状语从句If
you
are
accepted
for
the
job的省略。
INCLUDEPICTURE
"../../../第3步.tif"
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MERGEFORMAT
INCLUDEPICTURE
"../../../单句改错.tif"
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MERGEFORMAT
1．(2016·安徽合肥八中第一次段考)Having
a
pleasant
trip
and
see
you
Friday.
1．Having→Have 句意：旅途愉快，星期五见。由于此为祝福用语，须用祈使句表示祝愿，动词用原形。
2．(2016·安徽示范性高中第二次联考)To
achieve
determination，we
need
the
followed
strategies.
2．followed→following 句意：为了实现决心，我们需要以下策略。动词follow的非谓语动词作定语意为“以下的”时，须用following。
3．(2016·福建福州十三中期中考试)She
can't
imagine
so
young
a
girl
live
alone.
3．live→living或live→lives 句意：她不能想象这样年轻的女孩一个人生活。根据动词imagine的句型用法：imagine
sb.doing...;
imagine
that...可知，后面要么用非谓语动词形式，要么为宾语从句。
INCLUDEPICTURE
"../../../单句填空.tif"
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MERGEFORMAT
1．(2016·安徽合肥八中第一次段考)Inside，though，the
place
was
practically
empty—there
was
just
one
couple，________(sit)at
a
table
near
the
window.
1．sitting 句意：然而，室内实际上很空荡，只有一对夫妇坐在窗子边的桌子。描述前面one
couple所发生的动作行为，用动词的现在分词。
2．(2016·安徽示范性高中第二次联考)These
clubs
give
you
the
opportunity
________(play)a
sport
you
love
or
learn
a
sport
that
is
new
to
you.
2．to
play 句意：这些俱乐部给你机会去进行你所喜欢的运动或学习你还不熟悉的运动。opportunity后接动词不定式作定语，表示“做……的机会”。
3．(2016·安徽示范性高中第二次联考)In
these
cases，club
members
have
to
work
hard
to
organize
fundraisers
and
collect
money
to
keep
their
sports
________(go)．
3．going 句意：这些情况下，俱乐部成员不得不努力组织募捐活动和筹集资金保证运动会的进行。keep
doing“一直做……”。
4．(2016·福建福州十三中期中考试)He
saw
the
stone，________(say)to
himself...
4．saying 句意：他看着那块石头，心想：……。根据句子结构可知，此处用非谓语动词形式，he和say是主动关系，须用现在分词。
5．(2016·湖南衡阳八中二模)By
chance
Elizabeth
saw
Darcy's
and
Wickham's
faces
at
the
moment
when
they
caught
sight
of
each
other，and
she
was
________(astonish)at
the
effect
of
the
meeting.
5．astonished 句意：
就在他们互相见面的时候，伊丽莎白碰巧看见了达西和威克姆的脸；她对会面的结果很吃惊。根据句意可知，表示人的心理状态，astonish用过去分词形式。
6．(2016·江西南昌高三联考)We
should
try
every
effort
________(prevent)
violence
happening
at
school，....
6．to
prevent 句意：我们应该竭尽全力来防止校园暴力的发生……。try
every
effort“尽一切努力”，后面接不定式作目的状语。
7．(2015·河南开封高三二模)They
can
choose
________(live)
in
many
environments
and
in
a
wide
variety
of
ways.
7．to
live 句意：他们可以选择生活在多种环境中，以不同的方式生活。choose后跟动词不定式作宾语，choose
to
do
sth.“选择做某事”。
8．(2015·江西九江高三一模)As
usual，I
had
to
leave
a
message，fully
________(expect)
to
hear
from
him
later
that
evening
or
the
next
day.
8．expecting 句意：通常，我需要留个言，热切希望能在那天晚上晚些时候或是第二天收到他的来信。逗号前是完整的句子，所以动词expect在此应该用非谓语动词形式；其逻辑主语与句子主语I一致，且二者之间是主动关系，故用现在分词。
9．(2015·山东肥城二中1月月考)Halfway
through
his
talk，the
speaker
stopped
and
decided
________(create)
a
group
activity.
9．to
create 句意：在他的讲话到一半的时候，演讲者停了下来，决定搞一个集体活动。decide后跟动词不定式作宾语，decide
to
do
sth.“决定做某事”。
10．(2015·广西柳州、钦州、北海高三1月模拟)Before
leaving，we
spent
half
an
hour
________(play)
with
the
students
there.
10．playing 句意：在离开之前我们花了半个小时的时间和那儿的学生们一起玩。spend...(in)doing
sth.“花费……做某事”。
11．(2015·广西南宁高中毕业班第一次适应性检测)I
was
surprised
________(see)
you're
taking
this
class.
11．to
see 句意：看到你也在上这个课我很惊讶。be
surprised
to
do
sth.“做某事很惊讶”。
12．(2015·山东淄博高三一摸底)I
opened
the
door
and
saw
him
________(stand)
there
and
I
didn't
believe
my
eyes
at
first.
12．standing 句意：我打开门，看到他站在那里。我一开始都不敢相信自己的眼睛。see
sb.doing
sth.“看见某人正在做某事”。
INCLUDEPICTURE
"../../../专题知识梳理A.tif"
\
MERGEFORMAT
一、非谓语动词的各种形式
非谓语动词根据其表示的动作的发生时间和意义可以有不同的形式。
非谓语动词
形式
不定式
一般式：to
do/to
be
done
进行式：to
be
doing
完成式：to
have
done/to
have
been
done
否定式：not/never
to
do
v. ing形式
一般式：doing/being
done
完成式：having
done/having
been
done
否定式：not
doing
v. ed形式
否定式：not
done
非谓语动词的一般式表示与句子谓语动词同时或之后发生的动作；非谓语动词的完成式表示在句子谓语动词之前发生的动作。
INCLUDEPICTURE
"../../../例.tif"
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MERGEFORMAT
He
is
said
to
be
studying
abroad
now.
He
is
said
to
have
studied
abroad
for
3
years.
INCLUDEPICTURE
"../../../例.tif"
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MERGEFORMAT
The
students
went
out
of
the
classroom，laughing
and
talking.
Having
finished
my
homework，I
went
to
bed.
二、非谓语动词的句法功能
非谓语动词作主语
作主语的可以是不定式和动名词。
非谓语动词
用法
不定式
往往表示一次性的、具体的动作；表目的
常用it作形式主语，而把不定式后置
动名词
表示一般或抽象的行为
有时也可用it作形式主语，但仅限于几个句型
INCLUDEPICTURE
"../../../例.tif"
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MERGEFORMAT
It
is
a
great
honor
to
be
invited
to
speak
here.
INCLUDEPICTURE
"../../../例.tif"
\
MERGEFORMAT
Playing
the
piano
is
my
hobby.
It
is
no
good
telling
him
the
news.
INCLUDEPICTURE
"../../../注意1.tif"
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MERGEFORMAT
it作形式主语代替动名词常出现在It
is
no
use/good
doing...，It
is
useful
doing...，It
is
a
waste
of
time
doing...等句式里。
非谓语动词作宾语
作宾语的可以是不定式和动名词，但是不定式一般不作介词的宾语，如作介词宾语，不定式符号to前面往往有疑问词。
(1)只跟不定式作宾语的动词
afford，agree，decide，determine，expect，refuse，manage，hope，plan，want，fail，wish，ask，pretend，promise，happen，would
like，set
out等。
INCLUDEPICTURE
"../../../例.tif"
\
MERGEFORMAT
I
can't
afford
to
take
a
holiday
this
summer
because
of
the
project.
He
determined
to
return
home
early.
He
gave
us
some
advice
on
how
to
remember
English
idioms.
(2)只跟动名词作宾语的动词
advise，admit，advocate，allow，appreciate，avoid，enjoy，delay，deny，can't
help，consider，miss，fancy，finish，forbid，practise，imagine，suggest，escape，resist，risk，mind，feel
like，insist
on，set
about等。
INCLUDEPICTURE
"../../../例.tif"
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MERGEFORMAT
It
was
fortunate
that
Jack
narrowly
escaped
being
killed
in
a
traffic
accident.
Do
you
feel
like
going
out
for
a
walk
(3)跟不定式和动名词作宾语均可，且意义差别不大的动词
like，love，prefer，hate，begin，start，intend，continue等，这些动词后面接动词不定式多指具体的动作；接动名词多指一般或习惯性行为。
INCLUDEPICTURE
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MERGEFORMAT
He
likes
to
have
a
walk
after
dinner，but
he
didn't
like
to
because
of
the
cold
this
evening.
INCLUDEPICTURE
"../../../例.tif"
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MERGEFORMAT
She
started
playing/to
play
the
violin
when
she
was
four.
She
intended
coming/to
come
back
soon.
He
continued
studying/to
study
as
if
nothing
had
happened.
(4)跟不定式和动名词作宾语意义相同，但形式不同的动词
作“需要”讲时，need，want，require后接v. ing形式和不定式形式所表示的意义相同，但是v. ing形式用主动式，不定式用被动式。
INCLUDEPICTURE
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MERGEFORMAT
Your
T shirt
needs
washing/to
be
washed.
My
bicycle
wants
repairing/to
be
repaired.
(5)跟不定式和动名词作宾语均可，但是意义不同的动词
try
INCLUDEPICTURE
"../../../例.tif"
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MERGEFORMAT
We'll
try
to
improve
our
studying
method.
I
tried
writing
but
didn't
succeed.
mean
INCLUDEPICTURE
"../../../例.tif"
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MERGEFORMAT
I
meant
to
go，but
my
teacher
would
not
allow
me
to.
Missing
the
bus
means
waiting
for
another
hour.
forget/remember
INCLUDEPICTURE
"../../../例.tif"
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MERGEFORMAT
Remember
to
post
this
letter
for
me
after
school.
I
forgot
telling
her
the
time
of
the
meeting.
regret
INCLUDEPICTURE
"../../../例.tif"
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MERGEFORMAT
I
regret
to
inform
you
that
you
didn't
pass
the
exam.
I
don't
regret
telling
her
what
I
thought
of
her.
go
on
INCLUDEPICTURE
"../../../例.tif"
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MERGEFORMAT
After
he
had
finished
his
maths，he
went
on
to
do
his
physics.
He
shouldn't
go
on
living
this
way.
can't
help
INCLUDEPICTURE
"../../../例.tif"
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MERGEFORMAT
Mum，I
can't
help(to)wash
the
clothes
today，because
I
have
a
lot
of
homework
to
do.
INCLUDEPICTURE
"../../../例.tif"
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MERGEFORMAT
Upon
seeing
the
old
pictures，I
can't
help
thinking
of
my
childhood.
(6)动词不定式在介词but，other
than后面时，如果介词前面有行为动词do的某种形式(does，did，doing，done)，那么介词后的不定式不带to，否则就要带to。
INCLUDEPICTURE
"../../../例.tif"
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MERGEFORMAT
Tina
could
do
nothing
but
sell
her
beautiful
long
hair
to
buy
her
husband
a
present—a
gold
watch
chain.
INCLUDEPICTURE
"../../../例.tif"
\
MERGEFORMAT
Tim
had
no
choice
but
to
sell
his
gold
watch
to
buy
his
wife
a
comb.
非谓语动词作表语
作表语的可以是不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。
非谓语动词
用法
不定式
表示某一特定行为，尤其是将来的或有待实现的行为
动名词
不强调动作，只说明动作的名称，或主语的内容
现在分词
表示主语具有的特征
过去分词
表示主语的感受或所处的状态
INCLUDEPICTURE
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MERGEFORMAT
My
wish
is
to
be
a
scientist.
The
most
important
thing
is
to
put
the
theory
into
practice.
INCLUDEPICTURE
"../../../例.tif"
\
MERGEFORMAT
What
she
likes
is
watching
the
children
play.
INCLUDEPICTURE
"../../../例.tif"
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MERGEFORMAT
The
reason
he
gave
was
very
convincing.
INCLUDEPICTURE
"../../../例.tif"
\
MERGEFORMAT
He
is
shocked
at
what
happened
to
his
son.
非谓语动词作补足语
作补足语的可以是不定式、现在分词和过去分词。
非谓语动词
用法
不定式
表示动作的全过程或经常性、反复性
现在分词
表示一个主动、正在进行的动作
过去分词
表示一个被动或完成的动作
INCLUDEPICTURE
"../../../例.tif"
\
MERGEFORMAT
The
mother
urged
the
little
boy
to
go
to
bed.
INCLUDEPICTURE
"../../../例.tif"
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MERGEFORMAT
I
caught
him
reading
my
private
letters.
INCLUDEPICTURE
"../../../例.tif"
\
MERGEFORMAT
He
went
home
happily
with
his
homework
finished.
表示“看”(look
at，notice，observe，see，watch)，“听”(listen
to，hear)，“感觉”(feel)意义的动词在主动语态中用不带to的不定式作补足语，但在被动语态中要加上to。使役动词make，let在主动语态中用不带to的不定式作补足语，在被动语态中要加上to。
leave
sb.doing让某人一直做
leave
sth.undone留下某事未做
leave
sb.to
do
sth.留下某人做某事
leave
sth.to
be
done留下某事要做
have/get
sth.done让某事由别人去做
have
sb./sth.doing
让/使某人持续做
get
sb./sth.doing让/使某人开始做
have
sb.do/get
sb.to
do
使/让某人去做某事
keep
sb.doing
使/让某人一直做
keep
sth.done
使/让某事被做
非谓语动词作定语
作定语的可以是不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词。
非谓语动词作后置定语的三种被动形式：
名词＋to
be
done表将来 the
meeting
to
be
held
tomorrow
名词＋done
表过去和完成 the
house
built
years
ago
名词＋being
done表进行 the
meat
being
cooked
now
非谓语动词
用法
不定式
一般位于被修饰词之后，表示发生在谓语动词之后的动作，若表示已经发生的动作，名词前多用形容词、分词、序数词等修饰
动名词
一般位于被修饰词之前，说明被修饰词的用途
现在分词
表示主动、正在进行的意义
过去分词
表示被动、完成的意义
INCLUDEPICTURE
"../../../例.tif"
\
MERGEFORMAT
Are
you
going
to
attend
the
meeting
to
be
held
in
the
hall
He
is
always
the
first
one
to
arrive
at
school
every
morning.
INCLUDEPICTURE
"../../../例.tif"
\
MERGEFORMAT
Ladies
and
gentlemen，please
go
and
wait
in
the
meeting
room.
INCLUDEPICTURE
"../../../例.tif"
\
MERGEFORMAT
There
is
much
that
can
be
done
about
the
problem
arising
from
carelessness.
INCLUDEPICTURE
"../../../例.tif"
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MERGEFORMAT
Most
of
the
people
invited
to
the
party
were
famous
scientists.
作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式既可用主动语态，也可用被动语态，但其含义有所不同。试比较：
Have
you
got
any
clothes
to
wash
你有衣服要洗吗？(不定式to
wash的动作执行者是“你”)
Have
you
got
any
clothes
to
be
washed
你有衣服要(我或别人)洗吗？
(不定式to
be
washed的动作执行者是“我”或“别人”)
INCLUDEPICTURE
"../../../注意1.tif"
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MERGEFORMAT
名词ability，chance，way等及有序数词修饰的名词后多用不定式作定语。作定语的不定式若是不及物动词其后需搭配适当的介词。
INCLUDEPICTURE
"../../../例.tif"
\
MERGEFORMAT
I
haven't
got
a
chance
to
go
abroad.
非谓语动词作状语
作状语的可以是不定式、现在分词、过去分词。
非谓语动词
用法
不定式
一般式表示的动作与句子主语是主动关系，且含有将来意义
可表示原因、目的、结果等
表示目的可置于句首，表示原因、结果置于句中
表示结果时一般含有出人意料之意，和前句之间往往有因果关系
现在分词
分词表示的动作与句子主语是主动关系，且含有进行意义
可表示时间、原因、结果、伴随等
表示结果置于句末，其他情况置于句末、句首均可
表示结果时含有“顺其自然而产生”之意，和前句之间往往有因果关系
过去分词
分词表示的动作与句子主语有被动关系，且含有完成意义
可表示时间、原因、方式、条件等，置于句首、句末均可
INCLUDEPICTURE
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MERGEFORMAT
To
pass
the
college
entrance
exam，we
must
work
hard.
I
was
surprised
to
find
him
here.
INCLUDEPICTURE
"../../../例.tif"
\
MERGEFORMAT
Being
busy，she
didn't
reply
to
her
father's
letter.
Having
been
told
the
meeting
was
cancelled，I
went
home
after
work.
The
plane
crashed，killing
all
the
people
on
board.
INCLUDEPICTURE
"../../../例.tif"
\
MERGEFORMAT
Born
into
a
poor
family，he
had
only
two
years
of
schooling.
Encouraged
by
his
teacher，he
still
has
no
confidence
in
overcoming
the
difficulties.
有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文影响，称作独立成分。常见的有：generally
speaking“一般说来”；frankly
speaking
“坦率地说”；judging
from/by“根据……来判断”；to
tell
you
the
truth“说实话”；to
be
frank“说实话”；considering...“考虑到……”；supposing“假设”；given“假设”；provided/providing...“如果……”。
INCLUDEPICTURE
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MERGEFORMAT
only/just
to...表示意想不到的结果，too...to...“太……而不能……”，so/such...as
to...“如此……以至于……”，enough(for
sb.)to...“(对某人来说)足够做某事”等是几种常用不定式表示结果的结构。
三、非谓语动词的独立主格结构
非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致，即句子主语必须是非谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者或承受者。但有时候无论非谓语动词采用哪种形式都不能使其逻辑主语与句子主语一致，此时非谓语动词需带有自己的逻辑主语，即构成“名词/代词＋不定式/现在分词/过去分词”形式的独立结构。
独立主格结构的特点是：独立主格结构中作逻辑主语的名词或代词与后面的不定式、现在分词、过去分词是逻辑的主谓或动宾关系；独立主格结构一般有逗号与句子分开。
名词/代词＋to
do
动作没有发生，表示动作即将发生。
INCLUDEPICTURE
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MERGEFORMAT
With
so
much
homework
to
do，Tom
looks
sad.
名词/代词＋v. ing形式
两者之间是主动关系，或表示动作正在进行。
INCLUDEPICTURE
"../../../例.tif"
\
MERGEFORMAT
The
students
seating
themselves，the
professor
began
his
lecture.
名词/代词＋v. ed形式
两者之间是被动关系，或表示动作已结束。
INCLUDEPICTURE
"../../../例.tif"
\
MERGEFORMAT
Her
glasses
broken，she
couldn't
see
the
road
clearly.
语法填空
Once
upon
a
time，there
was
a
gang
of
evil
goblins(小妖精)
who
lived
in
a
forest.They
spent
a
lot
of
their
time
__1__(make)
fun
of
a
poor
old
man
who
could
now
hardly
move，see，or
hear.They
showed
no
respect
for
his
age.
The
situation
became
so
extreme
that
Great
Wizard
decided
__2__(teach)
the
goblins
a
lesson.He
cast
a
spell，and
from
that
moment，every
insult
__3__(direct)
at
the
old
man
made
the
old
man
better，but
had
the
opposite
effect
__4__
the
goblin
who
was
doing
the
insulting.Of
course，the
goblins
knew
nothing
about
__5__
was
happening.The
more
they
called
the
man
an
“old
fool”，the
__6__(young)
of
mind
he
became，while
the
goblin
__7__
had
shouted
at
him
aged
rapidly，and
became
a
little
more
foolish.
As
time
went
on，those
evil
goblins
were
becoming
terribly
old，ugly，stupid，and
clumsy
without
even
__8__(realize)
it.Finally，the
Great
Wizard
allowed
the
goblins
__9__(see)
themselves，and
__10__(surprise)
they
saw
that
they
had
turned
into
the
disgusting
creatures.
1．making spend
time(in)doing...“花时间做……”，是固定搭配。
2．to
teach decide后跟动词不定式作宾语。
3．directed insult与direct是被动关系，故填过去分词作定语。
4．on have
effect
on...“对……有影响”，是固定搭配。
5．what 要填的词是宾语从句的引导词，而且在从句中作主语，指事物，所以填what。
6．younger 此处是“the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..”结构。
7．who/that 所填词引导定语从句，并在从句中作主语，先行词是the
goblin，故填who或that。
8．realizing 位于介词without之后而且带有自己的宾语，所以应用动名词形式。
9．to
see allow后用带to的不定式作补足语，allow
sb.to
do
sth.“允许某人做某事”。
10．surprisingly 作句子状语，意为“使人吃惊地；出人意料地”，故填副词surprisingly。
短文改错
Last
month
my
brother
and
I
visited
Nanjing
and
we
stay
at
the
Central
Hotel
for
a
week.It
is
in
the
center
of
the
city，but
it
is
easy
go
to
anywhere
from
the
hotel
by
bus.
We
lived
in
comfortable
double room
with
a
big
bath.That
I
liked
best
was
the
free
high speed
Internet
connection
in
the
room.I
checked
many
email
message
every
day.I
also
shared
for
my
friends
many
photos
taking
in
Nanjing.The
food
was
wonderfully
with
reasonable
prices
and
we
enjoyed
several
local
dishes.
It
is
such
a
great
hotel
that
I'll
recommend
it
to
any
friend
of
mine
gone
to
Nanjing.
Last
month
my
brother
and
I
visited
Nanjing
and
we
at
the
Central
Hotel
for
a
week.It
is
in
the
center
of
the
city，
it
is
easygo
anywhere
from
the
hotel
by
bus.
We
lived
incomfortable
double room
with
a
big
bath.
I
liked
best
was
the
free
high speed
Internet
connection
in
the
room.I
checked
many
email
every
day.I
also
shared
my
friends
many
photos
in
Nanjing.The
food
was
with
reasonable
prices
and
we
enjoyed
several
local
dishes.
It
is
such
a
great
hotel
that
I'll
recommend
it
to
any
friend
of
mine
to
Nanjing.
1．根据时间状语last
month判断此处应用一般过去时。
2．根据上下文可知前后名为并列关系，而非转折关系。
3．根据句子结构可知，此处用不定式作句子的真正主语，动词go前加to构成不定式。
4．double room是可数名词，前面无限定词，根据语意应加a。
5．主语从句中缺少liked的宾语，故应用What。
6．message是可数名词，由many修饰，应用复数形式。
7．share
with
sb.“和某人分享”。
8．photos是take的动作承受者，应用过去分词作后置定语。
9．was后应用形容词作表语。
10．根据句子结构可知，此处需用非谓语动词修饰名词friend；再分析句意可知，此处泛指去南京的朋友，须用动词的现在分词形式。
语法填空
__1__(get)
a
good
education
may
be
the
most
important
price
you
can
pay，because，perhaps
more
than
anything
else，what
you
do
__2__
that
huge
gray
material
between
your
ears
will
determine
your
future.These
words
__3__(actual)
describe
millions
of
people
worldwide
who
choose
to
limit
their
potential
ability
by
not
__4__(widen)
their
education.
A
person
is
much
more
likely
to
have
better
job
__5__(offer)，more
successful
career，and
a
higher
yearly
salary
with
a
__6__(good)
education.This，in
turn
would
allow
for
a
much
better
lifestyle.
Our
generation
will
become
the
doctors，lawyers，teachers
and
leaders
of
tomorrow.__7__(do)
this
successfully，a
higher
level
of
education
is
very
important！A
higher
education
will
mean
a
better
lifestyle，a
better
ability
__8__(adjust)
to
new
technologies，and
a
various
life.Our
world
cannot
afford
any
__9__(use)
potential.
We
must
crave
learning.This，in
turn，will
pay
for
not
only
our
future
but
also
will
help
to
insure
success
for
those
__10__
follow.
1．Getting 所填词在句中作句子主语，故用动名词。
2．with do
with是固定短语，意为“处理”，与what搭配使用。
3．actually 作状语修饰动词describe，意为“实际上”，故用副词。
4．widening 在介词by后用动名词形式。
5．offers 根据后面的career等判断本空应为名词，offer是可数名词，此处是泛指，用复数形式。
6．better 根据前后的higher，better判断本空填比较级better。
7．To
do 动词不定式作目的状语。
8．to
adjust ability后通常用不定式作定语，表示“做……的能力”。
9．unused 作名词potential的定语，与其是被动关系，而且表示“未被使用的”意义，故填unused。
10．who 引导定语从句，作主语，修饰指人的those，故填who。
短文改错
Mr.Smith
is
a
traffic
policeman，which
works
very
hard.One
day，Mr.Smith
as
well
as
his
wife
was
taken
a
walk
along
the
seashore.Suddenly
he
heard
cry
“Help！Help！”
Following
the
direction
of
the
cry，he
saw
a
drown
man
struggling
in
the
water.Without
hesitate，he
threw
off
his
coat，jumped
into
the
waves，and
swam
to
the
man
so
fast
as
he
could.Finally
he
was
able
to
grasp
the
man
by
the
arm
and
pulled
him
from
the
waves
until
he
reached
the
shore.His
wife
ran
up
to
help
the
man.He
was
too
exciting
to
say
a
word.All
the
people
there
crowd
around
Mr.Smith.They
cheered
him
up
and
raised
him
in
the
air.
Mr.Smith
is
a
traffic
policeman，
works
very
hard.One
day，Mr.Smith
as
well
as
his
wife
was
a
walk
along
the
seashore.Suddenly
he
heardcry，“Help！Help！”
Following
the
direction
of
the
cry，he
saw
a
man
struggling
in
the
water.Without
，he
threw
off
his
coat，jumped
into
the
waves，and
swam
to
the
man
fast
as
he
could.Finally
he
was
able
to
grasp
the
man
by
the
arm
and
pulled
him
the
waves
until
he
reached
the
shore.His
wife
ran
up
to
help
the
man.He
was
too
to
say
a
word.All
the
people
there
around
Mr.Smith.They
cheered
him
and
raised
him
in
the
air.
1．定语从句的先行词是policeman，应用who引导非限制性定语从句。
2．分析句子结构可知，此处指史密斯先生与妻子沿着海岸散步，为过去进行时的主动语态，而不能用被动语态。
3．cry为名词，前应加不定冠词，故在其前加a。
4．此处是指正在溺水的男士，drown应用现在分词形式。
5．without为介词，后跟名词、代词、动名词作宾语。
6．as...as
one
can/could“某人尽可能……”。
7．through
the
waves“穿越海浪”。
8．分析句意可知，此处指史密斯先生的心理状态，故用 ed式形容词。
9．这是在讲述发生在过去的事情，crowd应用过去式。
10．cheer“欢呼”，cheer
up“加油”，根据句意可知up多余。
语法填空
In
the
movie
Cast
Away，Tom
Hanks
plays
a
man
__1__(name)
Chuck
Noland.Chuck
is
a
businessman.When
he
is
on
a
flight
across
the
Pacific
Ocean，his
plane
crashes.He
__2__(final)
lands
on
a
deserted
island
where
he
has
to
learn
to
survive
all
alone.Perhaps
the
most
difficult
challenge
is
how
__3__(survive)
without
friends.In
order
to
survive，Chuck
develops
a
friendship
with
__4__
unusual
friend—a
volleyball
called
Wilson.
During
his
five
years
on
the
island，Chuck
learns
how
to
be
a
good
friend
to
Wilson.Even
though
Wilson
is
just
a
volleyball，he
is
fond
of
__5__(play)
with
him.He
talks
to
him
and
treats
him
as
a
friend.Chuck
learns
that
he
needs
friends
to
share
__6__(happy)
and
sorrow，and
that
it
is
important
to
have
someone
__7__(care)
about.He
also
learns
that
he
should
have
cared
more
about
his
friends.Most
of
our
friends
are
human
beings，but
we
also
make
friends
with
animals
and
even
things.__8__
example，many
of
us
have
pets，and
we
all
have
favorite
objects
such
as
a
lucky
pen
__9__
a
diary.The
lesson
we
can
learn
from
Chuck
and
all
the
others
who
have
__10__(usual)
friends
is
that
friends
are
teachers.
1．named a
man与name之间是被动关系，故填过去分词作定语。
2．finally 作时间状语，意为“最后，终于”，用副词finally。
3．to
survive “疑问词＋动词不定式”是固定结构。
4．an 泛指“一个朋友”用不定冠词，friend前有unusual修饰，故本空填an。
5．playing be
fond
of
doing
sth.“喜欢做某事”。
6．happiness 作share的宾语，与名词sorrow并列，本空应填名词happiness。
7．to
care someone后是其定语，表示“关心的人”；根据前面的have判断填动词不定式。
8．For for
example是固定短语，意为“例如”。
9．or 根据表示列举的such
as判断，a
pen与a
diary是供选择的，故填连词or。
10．unusual 修饰名词friends，再由上文判断填unusual。
短文改错
Dear
Aron，
I'm
writing
to
tell
you
we
had
found
a
new
apartment
for
you.The
building
is
only
500
meters
away
to
our
school，with
a
bank
on
its
right
or
a
gym
on
its
left.Across
it
is
a
supermarket.Besides，it
will
be
convenient
for
you
get
around
the
city
because
a
bus
stop
is
right
in
the
front
of
the
building.
The
apartment
measures
40
square
meters，included
a
bedroom，a
sitting
room，a
kitchen
and
a
bathroom.They
have
made
sure
that
it
is
equipped
with
basic
things
needing
in
everyday
life，such
as
the
refrigerator，the
TV
set
and
the
coffeemaker.Which
is
great
news
is
that
free
Wi Fi
is
provided.
Please
write
back
and
tell
us
if
it
is
nicely
enough.
Yours，
Li
Hua
Dear
Aron，
I'm
writing
to
tell
you
we
found
a
new
apartment
for
you.The
building
is
only
500
meters
away
our
school，with
a
bank
on
its
right
a
gym
on
its
left.Across
it
is
a
supermarket.Besides，it
will
be
convenient
for
youget
around
the
city
because
a
bus
stop
is
right
in
front
of
the
building.
The
apartment
measures
40
square
meters，
a
bedroom，a
sitting
room，a
kitchen
and
a
bathroom.
have
made
sure
that
it
is
equipped
with
basic
things
in
everyday
life，such
as
the
refrigerator，the
TV
set
and
the
coffeemaker.
is
great
news
is
that
free
Wi Fi
is
provided.
Please
write
back
and
tell
us
if
it
is
enough.
Yours，
Li
Hua
1．根据语境可知此处应该用现在完成时。
2．be＋距离＋away
from表示“距离……多远”。
3．前后分句之间为并列关系，而非选择关系。
4．分析句子结构可知，此处不能用动词原形，而须用动词不定式作真正的主语。
5．in
front
of“在……的前面”，in
the
front
of“在……(内部的)前面”，根据语境应是“在……的前面”。
6．including为介词，放在名词或代词前面；included一般放在名词或代词之后。
7．全文人称都是we，所以此处也应是we。
8．分析句意可知，此处的things与need为被动关系。
9．主语从句中缺少主语，which在主语从句中一般作定语，应用what引导主语从句。
10．is后应用形容词作表语。
语法填空
Keeping
a
diary
in
English
is
one
of
the
__1__(effect)
ways
to
improve
our
English
writing
ability.
__2__(compare)
with
other
forms
of
writing，it
is
shorter
and
takes
__3__(little)
time.It
can
help
us
to
develop
the
habit
of
thinking
in
English.If
we
persist
in
this
practice，gradually
we'll
learn
how
to
express
__4__(us)
in
English.In
keeping
a
diary
in
English，we
certainly
run
up
against
many
difficulties.In
__5__
first
place，it
often
happens
that
we
have
trouble
__6__(find)
appropriate
words
and
phrases
to
give
expression
to
our
mind.Secondly，there
are
many
idiomatic
ways
of
saying
things
in
Chinese.And
it
is
extremely
hard
for
us
to
put
them
into
English
__7__(proper)．
As
far
as
I
am
concerned，my
__8__(suggest)
is
that
we
should
always
have
a
notebook
and
a
Chinese English
dictionary
within
easy
reach.Whenever
something
beats
us，we
can
first
put
it
down
in
our
notebook
__9__
then
consult
our
dictionary.We
can
also
turn
to
our
English
teacher
for
help，if
necessary.In
short，I
believe
that
it
is
__10__
great
use
to
keep
a
diary
in
English
for
the
development
of
our
writing
skills.
1．effective 修饰名词ways用形容词。
2．Compared compared
with/to“与……相比”，是固定用法，常在句中作状语。
3．less 根据前面的shorter判断填比较级less，表示“更短，花时间更少”。
4．ourselves express
oneself“表达自己的观点/感情等”，是固定短语，故填反身代词ourselves。
5．the 从后面的secondly可以判断出这里要表示顺序，所以first前用定冠词。
6．finding have
trouble(in)doing
sth.“做某事有麻烦/困难”，是固定短语。
7．properly 修饰动词put...into...用副词，表示方式。
8．suggestion 空格前面有形容词性物主代词，后面没有可以作宾语的成分，所以要填名词suggestion；而且由is可知要用单数形式。
9．and
根据then判断，前后两个动作是递进关系，填and。
10．of “be
of＋名词”是固定用法，其意义相当于该名词的同根形容词；be
of
great
use相当于be
greatly
useful。
短文改错
Among
all
my
friends
are
a
special
one
I'm
most
thankful
to.I
got
to
know
him
when
I
started
with
school.He
has
been
with
me
ever
since.Though
he
looks
seriously，he
is
really
fun
as
you
get
close
him.He
is
quiet
or
knowledgeable.He
knows
every
language
in
the
world，all
the
event
in
history
and
the
thoughts
of
great
scientists.
My
friend
is
patience.I
am
slow
in
understanding，but
I
can
turn
to
him
whenever
I
have
a
question.When
I
am
tiring，he
makes
me
relaxing.When
I
am
lonely，he
stays
with
me
silently.When
I
am
sad，he
cheers
me
up.Shall
I
tell
you
who
he
is？His
name
is
“READ”．
Among
all
my
friends
a
special
one
I'm
most
thankful
to.I
got
to
know
him
when
I
started
school.He
has
been
with
me
ever
since.Though
he
looks
，he
is
really
fun
as
you
get
closehim.He
is
quiet
knowledgeable.He
knows
every
language
in
the
world，all
the
in
history
and
the
thoughts
of
great
scientists.
My
friend
is
.I
am
slow
in
understanding，but
I
can
turn
to
him
whenever
I
have
a
question.When
I
am
，he
makes
me
.When
I
am
lonely，he
stays
with
me
silently.When
I
am
sad，he
cheers
me
up.Shall
I
tell
you
who
he
is？His
name
is
“”．
1．句子的主语是a
special
one，故谓语动词用第三人称单数。
2．start是及物动词，直接跟school作宾语。
3．look是系动词，后跟形容词作表语。
4．get
close
to“靠近”。
5．前后两个形容词是并列关系不是选择关系，故用并列连词and。
6．event是可数名词，由其前的all提示可知应用复数形式。
7．系动词后应跟形容词作表语。
8．分析句意可知，此处指主语的心理状态，故用 ed形式的形容词。
9．make
me
relaxed“让我放松”。
10．根据his
name可知，后面是名词，而read是动词。
语法填空
In
the
past，if
I
had
to
look
away
from
my
phone，I
felt
like
I
was
going
to
die.When
I
had
lunch
with
my
family
or
dated
with
my
friends，I
couldn't
resist
__1__(reply)
to
a
text
message
or
checking
my
Facebook，WeChat
on
__2__
mobile
phone.Before
long，it
was
easy
for
me
__3__(get)
tired.The
more
I
texted
during
the
day，the
__4__(poor)
my
sleep
was.I
couldn't
even
focus
on
my
study.
My
friend
told
me
that
people
__5__
can't
help
checking
their
phones
all
day
are
known
as
phubbers(低头族)．Phubbing
trends
not
only
involve
the
young
people，but
__6__
elderly.Soon，I
found
a
slogan
on
a
website
as
follows:
stop
twittering，stop
posting
photos...
__7__(thankful)，I
realized
there
was
actually
an
outside
world.My
__8__(divide)
attention
could
keep
me
from
what
is
truly
important.Now，I
can
use
the
phone
without
__9__(feel)
like
a
drug
addict.I
have
more
time
__10__(enjoy)
real life
activities.Use
your
cell
phone
and
don't
let
it
use
you.
1．replying resist后跟动名词作宾语。
2．the on
the
mobile
phone“在手机上”，是特指。
3．to
get it是形式主语，本空所填的动词不定式是真正主语。
4．poorer 由前面的the
more判断填poorer，本句为“the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..”句式。
5．who/that 本空引导定语从句，修饰先行词people，并在从句中作主语，故用who或that。
6．the 形容词前用定冠词，表示一类人，the
elderly“老年人”。
7．Thankfully 作句子状语，意为“幸亏，幸好”，所以本空填副词Thankfully。
8．divided 作attention的定语，与attention之间是被动关系，故填divided，表示“被分散了的精力”。
9．feeling 位于介词后用动名词形式。
10．to
enjoy have
more
time
to
do
sth.“有更多的时间去做某事”，动词不定式作定语。
短文改错
Manners
are
important
to
happy
relations
among
people.No
one
liked
a
person
with
bad
manners.Have
good
manners
is
seen
by
many
people
as
a
sign
of
cultural
understanding
and
good
taste.Polite
words
are
one
of
the
example.When
meet
people，saying
“Hello！”
or
“How
are
you？”
and
so
on
means
you
are
very
polite，which
will
make
that
easy
for
you
to
communicate
with
others.However，other
people
will
hate
get
on
with
you
and
your
life
will
become
difficulty.Only
by
say
polite
words
can
you
get
on
well
with
others.
All
in
all，it
is
polite
words
that
will
make
your
life
becoming
convenient.
Manners
are
important
to
happy
relations
among
people.No
one
a
person
with
bad
manners.
good
manners
is
seen
by
many
people
as
a
sign
of
cultural
understanding
and
good
taste.Polite
words
are
one
of
the
.When
people，saying
“Hello！”
or
“How
are
you？”
and
so
on
means
you
are
very
polite，which
will
make
easy
for
you
to
communicate
with
others.，other
people
will
hate
on
with
you
and
your
life
will
become
.Only
by
polite
words
can
you
get
on
well
with
others.
All
in
all，it
is
polite
words
that
will
make
your
life
convenient.
1．根据语境应用一般现在时，主语是no
one，应用第三人称单数。
2．分析句子结构可知，后面有系动词is，此处应该为句子的主语，须用动名词。
3．one
of
the＋名词复数“……中之一”，名词应用复数。
4．when与现在分词连用作时间状语。
5．“make
it＋形容词＋不定式”为固定句型，其中it为形式宾语，真正的宾语为后面的不定式。
6．根据句意可知此处表示“否则”。
7．根据句子结构可知，前面已经有了动词hate，此处须用非谓语动词；根据hate的搭配可知，此处用动名词作宾语。
8．become后跟形容词作表语。
9．by是介词，后面须接名词或动名词，表示方式。
10．make
sb.do...“使某人做……”，此处用省略to的不定式，即动词原形。!%!%
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