2017版【高考一本解决方案】高考英语（新课标版）考纲专题解读+考点题组训练（word+pdf）专题三 名词和主谓一致 （2份打包）

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uv/w xóq fy"B z { | uV)INCLUDEPICTURE
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1．(2016·新课标Ⅰ)My
uncle
tells
me
that
the
key
to
his
success
is
honest.
1．honest→honesty　句意：我叔叔告诉我他成功的关键就是“诚实”。此处是指“诚实”是他成功的关键，应用名词形式。
2．(2016·新课标Ⅱ)If
we
go
on
a
trip
abroad，we
can
broaden
our
view
and
gain
knowledges
we
cannot
get
from
books.
2．knowledges→knowledge　句意：如果我们出国旅游，我们就能拓宽视野并学到书本上学不到的知识。knowledge“知识”为不可数名词，无复数形式。
3．(2016·新课标Ⅲ)The
teenage
year
from
13
to
19
were
the
most
difficult
time
for
me.
3．year→years　句意：13到19岁的青春期是我最艰难的一段时光。根据句中的13
to
19
were可知，year应该用复数形式。
4．(2016·四川)Mom
has
a
full time
job，but
she
has
to
do
most
of
the
houseworks.
4．houseworks→housework　句意：妈妈有一份全职工作，但还是要做大部分的家务。housework为不可数名词，没有复数形式。
5．(2015·新课标Ⅰ)The
airs
we
breathe
in
is
getting
dirtier
and
dirtier.
5．airs→air　句意：我们呼吸的空气越来越脏。air为不可数名词，不能用复数形式。
6．(2015·新课标Ⅱ)One
day，little
Tony
went
to
a
shopping
center
with
his
parent...he
turned
around
and
found
that
his
parents
were
missing.
6．parent→parents　句意：一天，小托尼跟父母亲去购物中心……由下文的“...he
turned
around
and
found
that
his
parents
were
missing.”可知，是父母两个人，所以用复数形式。
7．(2015·浙江)My
old
classroom
was
interesting
because
three
side
of
the
classroom
were
made
of
glass.
7．side→sides　句意：我原来的教室很有趣，有三面墙是用玻璃做的。根据前面的three可知，此处side应该使用复数形式。
8．(2015·四川)As
I
told
you
last
time，I
made
three
new
friend
here.
8．friend→friends　句意：正如我上次跟你说的，我在这儿交了三个新朋友。名词friend为可数名词，其前有three修饰，需要用复数形式。
9．(2014·新课标Ⅰ)．..since
then—for
all
these
year—we
have
been
allowing
tomatoes
to
self
seed
where
they
please.
9．year→years　句意：……从那时起，这些年来，我们让圣女果在它们喜欢的地方自我生长。these提示year是可数名词，须用复数形式。
10．(2014·浙江)A
passenger
realized
he
couldn't
find
his
ticket...Yet，they
had
so
quickly
offered
the
strangers
their
help.
10．strangers→stranger　句意：然而，他们迅速地给陌生人提供了帮助。本句中的陌生人就是指那张票的主人，是一个人，应用单数形式。
11．(2014·四川)Stay
close
to
your
teacher
and
classmate.
11．classmate→classmates　句意：靠近老师和同学们待着。从文章意思可知，此处表达同班同学应为复数形式。
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1．(2016·新课标Ⅰ，61)But
for
tourists
like
me，pandas
are
its
top
________(attract)．
1．attraction　句意：但是对于像我一样的游客来说，大熊猫是最大的吸引。形容词top“头等的；最重要的”后面跟名词形式。
2．(2016·新课标Ⅰ，69)The
nursery
team
switches
him
every
few
________(day)with
his
sister
so
that
while
one
is
being
bottle fed...
2．days　句意：护理团队每隔几天就把他和他的妹妹互换一下，这样当他们中的一个在被人工喂养的时候……。every
few
days“每隔几天”。
3．(2016·新课标Ⅱ，42)Then，handle
the
most
important
tasks
first
so
you'll
feel
a
real
sense
of
________(achieve)．
3．achievement　句意：然后，首先处理最重要的任务，那么你会感到真正意义上的成就。介词of后应用名词作宾语。
4．(2016·新课标Ⅱ，46)Recent
________(study)show
that
we
are
far
more
productive
at
work
if
we
take
short
breaks
regularly．
4．studies　句意：最近的研究显示如果我们有规律地进行短暂的休息的话，我们工作的效率会更高。study“研究”为可数名词，本句的谓语动词为show，说明主语应用名词复数studies。
5．(2016·新课标Ⅲ，68)Some
people
think
that
the
great
Chinese
scholar
Confucius，who
lived
from
roughly
551
to
479
B．C.，influenced
the
________
(develop)of
chopsticks.
5．development　句意：一些人认为大约生活于公元前551年到479年间的中国伟大学者孔子影响了筷子的发展。根据空格前面的the可知，所填词应用名词形式。
6．(2016·四川，65)Any
smell
might
attract
natural
________(enemy)that
would
try
to
eat
the
little
panda.
6．enemies　句意：任何气味都有可能吸引自然界中那些想要吃掉熊猫宝宝的敌人。根据常识可知，此处表示“吸引了自然界中的敌人”，故填可数名词enemy的复数形式。
7．(2016·浙江，4)It
is
important
to
pay
your
electricity
bill
on
time，as
late
________(pay)may
affect
your
credit.
7．payments　句意：准时付电费很重要，因为支付晚了会影响你的信用。前面有形容词late修饰，此处应用名词形式，payment可用作可数名词，所以用复数形式。
8．(2016·浙江，8)We
can
achieve
a
lot
when
we
learn
to
let
our
_______
_(different)unite，rather
than
divide
us.
8．differences　句意：当我们学会“求同存异”，而不是“分崩离析”的时候，我们就能获得很多。物主代词our后面接名词，这里是指“我们的差异”，所以用复数形式。
9．(2015·新课标Ⅰ，65)I'd
skipped
nearby
Guilin，a
dream
place
for
tourists
seeking
the
limestone
mountain
tops
and
dark
waters
of
the
Li
River
that/which
are
pictured
by
artists
in
so
many
Chinese
________(painting)．
9．paintings　句意：我略过了对附近桂林的参观。桂林是一个游客们寻找石灰岩山顶和漓江深水的理想地点。画家们在许许多多的中国画中画过它。因为该词由many修饰，所以这里使用名词的复数形式。
10．(2015·新课标Ⅱ，43)In
addition
to
their
simple
beauty，what
makes
the
adobe
dwellings
admirable
is
their
________(able)to
“air
condition”
a
house
without
using
electric
equipment.
10．ability　句意：除了它们的朴素美之外，这种土坯房令人羡慕的是它们不用电力设备就能给房间制冷的能力。根据前面的形容词性物主代词their可知后面应用名词，故应用able的名词形式ability。
11．(2015·江苏，32)Some
schools
will
have
to
make
________(adjust)in
agreement
with
the
national
soccer
reform.
11．adjustments　句意：为了与国家的足球改革保持一致，一些学校不得不进行调整。make
adjustments是固定搭配，意为“进行调整”。
12．(2014·新课标Ⅰ，69)．..for
most
of
us
the
________(change)are
gradual
and
require
a
lot
of
effort
and
work，like
cleaning
up
a
polluted
river.
12．changes　句意：……对我们大多数人来说，这些变化很缓慢，而且就像清理被污染的河流，需要很多努力和工作。所填词作主语，其前是定冠词，所以应为名词；根据谓语动词are可知应用复数形式。
13．(2014·辽宁，70)．..I'll
stop
and
take
a
deep
________.
13．breath　句意：……我要停下来深吸一口气。take
a
deep
breath“深呼吸”，是固定短语。
14．(2014·浙江，6)We
most
prefer
to
say
yes
to
the
________(request)of
someone
we
know
and
like.
14．requests　句意：我们更愿意满足自己熟悉且喜欢的人所提的要求。根据前面的定冠词判断，本空需要用名词形式；request作“要求”讲是可数名词，此处是泛指，所以用其复数形式。
15．(2014·湖北，21)Her
________(motivate)for
writing
was
a
desire
for
women
to
get
the
right
to
higher
education.
15．motivation　句意：她写作的动机是她渴望为妇女争取到接受高等教育的权利。空格前有形容词性物主代词修饰，所以空格应填名词形式；再根据系动词was可知，用单数形式。
16．(2014·天津，9)My
parents
always
attach
great
________(important)to
my
getting
a
good
education.
16．importance　句意：父母一直很重视让我接受好的教育。attach
importance
to“认为……很重要；重视”。
17．(2013·湖北，28)He
didn't
selfishly
keep
for
himself
the
money
inherited
from
his
uncle.Instead，he
made
a
generous________(contribute)to
help
the
community.
17．contribution　句意：他不自私，没有把叔叔留给他的钱独自占有，而是慷慨地捐献出来帮助社区。分析句子结构可知，空格前是不定冠词和形容词，所以要用名词单数形式。
18．(2013·湖北，11)I
felt
proud
to
be
spending
my
time
productively，dutifully
preserving
for
future
generations
a
detailed________(describe)of
my
travels.
18．description　句意：我感到无比自豪的是卓有成效地度过了我的岁月，忠实地为后代保存一份关于旅途详情的记录。分析句子结构可知，空格前有不定冠词和形容词detailed，所以要用名词单数形式。
19．(2012·浙江，7)Your
________(perform)as
a
student
will
be
excellent
if
you
develop
a
habit
of
reflecting
on
how
you
learn.
19．performance　句意：如果你养成反思自己学习的习惯，作为学生你的表现将会非常出色。有形容词性物主代词修饰，要用perform的名词形式performance。
20．(2012·山东，24)My
first
________(impress)of
him
was
that
he
was
a
kind
and
thoughtful
young
man.
20．impression　句意：我对他的第一印象是，他是一个和蔼、体贴的年轻人。根据句子结构可知，空格前面有物主代词my和序数词first修饰，所以此处要用impress的名词形式impression。
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短文改错对名词的考查主要通过对句子结构及修饰语的理解考查名词的单复数形式。设题主要有三种形式：一是复数名词误用单数形式；二是不可数名词误用复数形式；三是复数形式错误。为此，考生可从以下三方面入手：
1．查看名词前面的修饰语，确定名词单复数形式。若有超过1的基数词，many，(a)few，several，couple等修饰，后面的名词须用复数形式。
2．查看谓语动词的形式，确定名词单复数形式。若谓语动词为are，were，have等，主语名词须用复数形式。
3．查看名词的复数形式，确定复数形式是否正确。特别注意不规则的变化情况。
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(2015·陕西)Mum
taught
me
some
basic
step
of
baking.
【解析】　step→steps　句意：妈妈教我一些基本的烘焙的步骤。分析句子结构可知step是名词；根据前面的some可知step用复数形式。
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(2014·辽宁)We've
called
several
time
about
Cleo's
early
morning
barking.
【解析】　time→times　句意：我们就Cleo清晨的乱吠打过几次电话。本句中的time表示“次数”，是一个可数名词；根据前面的several可知，time须用复数形式。
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1．查看句子结构。弄清楚所填的词在句子中充当什么成分。如果充当主语、宾语时必须用名词形式；充当表语、定语等时则应认真考虑。
2．查看修饰语。一是通过观察空格前是否有冠词、物主代词、形容词、指示代词、动词、介词等分析所填词是否是名词；二是考虑固定短语或固定搭配。
3．确定名词形式。根据句子中的提示词考虑词形变化，即名词的单复数形式变化、所有格等。
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(2015·江苏，35)—Go
and
say
sorry
to
your
Mom，Dave.
—I'd
like
to，but
I'm
afraid
she
won't
be
happy
with
my
________(apologize)．
【解析】　apologies　句意：——去向你的母亲道歉，戴夫。——我想去，但是我怕她对我的道歉不满意。根据句子结构可知，这里需要一个名词作介词with的宾语。又因为apology是可数名词，所以这里用复数形式。
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(2014·安徽，29)—Why
not
buy
a
second hand
car
first
if
you
don't
have
enough
money
for
a
new
one
—That's
a
good
________(suggest)．
【解析】　suggestion　句意：——如果没有足够的钱买新车，何不买辆二手的？——那是个好提议。作表语，前面又有a
good修饰，所以应填可数名词单数形式suggestion。
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1．(2016·安徽合肥八中第一次段考)The
airport
bus
leaves
every
30
minute
and
will
take
you
right
to
the
Friendship
Hotel.
1．minute→minutes　句意：机场班车每30分钟一趟，会将你直接带到友谊宾馆。minute前面有数词30修饰，minute须用复数形式。
2．(2016·安徽示范性高中第二次联考)First，we
should
adopt
a
positive
attitude
towards
fail.
2．fail→failure　句意：首先，对于失败，我们应该采取积极的态度。根据介词towards可知，后面须用名词。
3．(2016·四川成都外国语学校月考)He
gave
me
all
the
encouragements
I
needed
to
be
able
to
carry
on.
3．encouragements→encouragement　句意：他给了我能继续下去所需要的鼓励。encouragement是不可数名词，没有复数形式。
4．(2016·湖南衡阳八中二模)We
should
not
be
slave
of
money.
4．slave→slaves　句意：我们不应该成为金钱的奴隶。根据主语we可知，表语须用复数名词。
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1．(2016·四川成都外国语学校月考)Don't
wait
for
an
________
(apologize)．“Many
times
the
person
who
hurt
you
may
never
think
of
apologizing，”
says
Dr.Luskin.
1．apology　句意：不要等待道歉。拉斯科说：“多次伤害你的人也许从来就不会考虑道歉。”不定冠词an后须用名词形式，根据apologize可知答案填apology。
2．(2016·安徽合肥市八中第一次段考)Like
many
popular
restaurants
in
Paris，________(reserve)are
hard
to
get
at
Dave，so
I
wasn't
surprised
to
find
a
complete
sign
hanging
over
the
red
door.
2．reservations　句意：就像巴黎许多受欢迎的餐馆一样，在Dave也很难预订，因此当我看见红色的门上挂着客人已满的招牌时并不惊讶。根据括号中的提示词及后面的谓语动词are可知，主语为名词复数形式，故填reservations。
3．(2016·福建福州十三中高三期中)He
pushed
and
pulled
with
all
his
________(strong)to
move
it.
3．strength　句意：他用力地推拉将它(石头)移走。分析句子结构可知，with后面接名词，故填strength。
4．(2016·湖南衡阳八中二模)He
asked
________(permit)to
introduce
his
friend，whose
name
was
Mr
Wickham，and
who
had
apparently
arrived
recently
from
London.
4．permission　句意：他请求允许介绍他的朋友，他的朋友威克姆先生，显然是最近从伦敦来的。根据句子结构可知，此处动词ask后面须用名词，故填permission。
5．(2016·江西南昌高三联考)Experts
hope
the
whole
society
pay
more
attention
to
the
mental
health
of
________(adolescent)．
5．adolescents　句意：专家们希望全社会都来关心青少年的心理健康。根据句意可知，此处泛指“青少年”，用复数表示泛指，故填adolescents。
6．(2016·山东临沭一中高三第一次月考)Girls
are
luckier
than
boys；they
have
more
flexible
________(choose)than
boys.
6．choices　句意：女孩比男孩要幸运些，她们比男孩有更灵活的选择。前面flexible是形容词，后面须接名词；choice此处应为可数名词，意味着多种选择，故填choices。
7．(2016·山东临沭一中高三第一次月考)I
have
a
strong
________(believe)that
one
day
Chinese
students
can
buy
these
tickets，too.
7．belief　句意：我坚信有朝一日中国学生也会购买这些票。空白处前面有a
strong修饰，说明空白处须填可数名词单数。
8．(2015·广西柳州、钦州、北海高三1月模拟)So
I
asked
her
why
she
sat
there
in
________(silent)．
8．silence　句意：因此我问她为什么坐在那里沉默不语。in
silence“沉默”，是固定用法。
9．(2015·山东曲师大附中高三阶段检测)About
20
percent
of
________(baby)feel
nervous
when
they
see
strangers.
9．babies　句意：约百分之二十的婴儿见到陌生人会感到紧张。baby是可数名词，前面有百分数修饰，故用复数形式。
10．(2015·江西九江高三一模)There
was
never
a
time
when
I
had
not
called
him
and
he
did
not
call
me
right
back
within
a
couple
of
________(hour)．
10．hours　句意：当我给他打电话，如果他没接的话，他都会在几小时内回电话。可数名词hour前有a
couple
of修饰，故用复数形式。
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1．(2014·广西)The
understanding
between
two
friends
mean
both
of
them
have
similar
ideas
and
trust
each
other.
1．mean→means　句意：两位朋友之间的理解意味着两个人有相同的想法及相互信任。本句的主语是the
understanding，谓语动词要使用单数形式。
2．(2014·辽宁)The
early
morning
barking
have
been
disturbing
us
as
we
are
often
up
all
night
with
the
baby.
2．have→has　句意：由于我们夜晚常要照顾小孩，因此清晨的狗叫一直在打扰着我们。本句的主语是动名词短语the
early
morning
barking，谓语动词要使用单数形式。
3．(2014·陕西)Suddenly
the
arrows
was
flying
down
at
us
from
the
sky.
3．was→were　句意：突然，许许多多的箭从天上朝我们飞来。本句的主语是复数名词arrows，所以谓语动词使用复数形式were。
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1．(2016·新课标Ⅱ，43)Leaving
the
less
important
things
until
tomorrow
________(be)often
acceptable.
1．is　句意：把不太重要的事情留到明天是可以接受的。分析句子结构可知，动名词短语Leaving
the
less
important
things
until
tomorrow作主语，故谓语动词用单数。
2．(2016·新课标Ⅲ，69)Confucius
believed
knives
would
remind
people
of
killings
and
________(be)too
violent
for
use
at
the
table.
2．were　句意：孔子认为刀会给人们杀戮的提醒，用在餐桌上太暴力。主语是knives，讲述的是过去的事情，所以用were。
3．(2015·新课标Ⅰ，67)Yangshuo
________(be)really
beautiful.A
study
of
travelers
conducted
by
the
website
TripAdvisor
names
Yangshuo
as
one
of
the
top
10
destinations
in
the
world.
3．is　句意：阳朔很漂亮……根据后文的时态可知这里使用一般现在时，又因为Yangshuo是单数名词，所以这里用is。
4．(2015·湖南，27)It
is
important
to
remember
that
success
________(be)a
sum
of
small
efforts
made
each
day
and
often
________(take)years
to
achieve.
4．is；takes　句意：重要的是要记住，成功是每天做出的小努力的积累而且花很多年才能达到。因为主语success是单数，由句首的is可知是一般现在时态，结合起来用is和takes。
5．(2014·辽宁，66)Jonny:
Be
patient！Tai
Chi
________(call)“shadow
boxing”
in
English.
5．is
called　句意：忍耐一下！英语中，太极被叫做“shadow
boxing”。根据句意可知空白处须填被动语态；而主语Tai
Chi为第三人称单数，故填is
called。
6．(2014·新课标Ⅰ，61)In
1969，the
pollution
was
terrible...It
________(be)unimaginable
that
it
could
ever
be
cleaned
up.
6．was　句意：……把这条河清理干净是不可想象的事情。根据本段第一句“In
1969，the
pollution
was
terrible...”可知本段指事情发生在过去，应该用过去式；而主语是It，为第三人称单数，故填was。
7．(2013·湖南，33)The
university
estimates
that
living
expenses
for
international
students
________(be)around
$8，450
a
year，which
________(be)a
burden
for
some
of
them.
7．are；is　句意：这所大学估计，一个外国留学生的生活费用每年大约8
450美元，这对他们中的一些人来说是个很大的负担。分析句子结构可知，第一空的主语living
expenses是复数形式，所以谓语动词用复数，而后面是which引导的非限制性定语从句，which指代前面提到的钱数，故第二空谓语动词要用单数。
8．(2013·福建，23)The
famous
musician，as
well
as
his
students，________(invite)to
perform
at
the
opening
ceremony
of
the
2012
Taipei
Flower
Expo.
8．was
invited　句意：那个著名的音乐家，还有他的学生，被邀请在2012年的台北花博会开幕式上进行表演。当主语后面跟有as
well
as，along
with，with，like，rather
than，together
with，but，except，besides，including，in
addition
to等时，其谓语动词的单复数形式按主语的单复数而定，又结合句意可知，这里应该用被动语态，且句子为过去时态。
9．(2012·陕西，12)The
basketball
coach，as
well
as
his
team，________(interview)shortly
after
the
match
for
their
outstanding
performance.
9．was
interviewed　句意：比赛后不久，因为表现出色，这位篮球教练以及他的队员接受了采访。主语后有短语as
well
as时，谓语动词的数不受短语的影响，仍与主语保持一致。根据时间状语after
the
match...可知，事情发生在过去，所以用过去式。
10．(2012·湖南，35)All
the
scientific
evidence
________(show)that
increasing
use
of
chemicals
in
farming
________(be)damaging
our
health.
10．shows；is　句意：所有的科学证据表明，在农业中不断增加使用的化学药品正在危害着我们的健康。第一空前是不可数名词(all
the
scientific
evidence)作主语，所以谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式；第二空所在的that引导的宾语从句中，主语是名词use，所以谓语动词也要用第三人称单数形式。
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短文改错和语法填空中，解决主谓一致问题的关键是要找准作主语部分的中心词，从而确定谓语动词的单复数形式。在此应特别注意以下几个问题：
1．主语后带有as
well
as，rather
than，together
with等词或短语的成分时，谓语动词的形式须由前面的名词的单复数来确定。
2．形单意复的集合名词作主语时，须根据所表达的意义确定谓语动词的形式。
3．形复意单的名词，如学科名词、数词或时间段等作主语时谓语动词须用第三人称单数形式。
4．the＋adj.作主语时，若指人谓语动词须用复数形式，若指物则用第三人称单数形式。
5．主语前有every，each，many
a，more
than
one修饰名词时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式；neither...nor...，not
only...but
also...，either...or...等连接并列主语时，谓语动词形式按就近原则处理。
6．从句、非谓语动词(短语)作主语时，此时一般用第三人称单数形式，但是what引导主语从句时，谓语动词形式需从意义上判断。
7．在倒装句中，主语在谓语动词之后，因此其形式须由后面的主语确定。
8．and连接两个单数名词作主语时，如果两个名词表示不同的人或物，谓语动词用复数；若表示同一个人或物时，谓语动词用第三人称单数。
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(2014·四川)Today，I
am
going
to
talk
about
what
you
should
do
when
a
fire
alarm
go
off.
【解析】　go→goes　句意：今天，我将讲一讲当听到火警时，你们该怎么办。时间状语从句的主语a
fire
alarm为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式goes。
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(2014·湖南，32)
All
we
need
________(be)a
small
piece
of
land
where
we
can
plant
various
kinds
of
fruit
trees
throughout
the
growing
seasons
of
the
year.
【解析】　is　句意：我们需要的是一小片土地，以便在每年的种植季节栽种各种各样的果树。作主语的不定代词all指“我们所需要的东西”，即a
small
piece
of
land，谓语动词用单数形式；再由从句时态判断，本空填is。
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1．(2016·浙江金丽衢十二校高三第一次联考)She
took
the
lift
to
the
eleventh
floor，and
the
secretary
showed
her
where
her
desk
and
her
computer
was.
1．was→were　句意：她乘电梯到十一楼，秘书指给她看她的办公桌及电脑所在地。在where引导的宾语从句中，主语是desk
和
computer，谓语动词须用复数形式。
2．(2016·甘肃兰州一中高三月考)Each
student
learn
a
foreign
language，mostly
English，from
Day
One
of
their
compulsory
education.
2．learn→learns　句意：每个学生从义务教育第一天起就学一门外语，主要是英语。主语是each
student，谓语动词用第三人单数形式。
3．(2016·长春外国语学校第二次质量检测)You
are
the
most
considerate
person
who
know
exactly
what
I
need
in
our
class.
3．know→knows　句意：你是我们班上最体贴的人，很了解我需要的东西。know是定语从句中的谓语动词，其形式由先行词person确定。由于person是单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
4．(2016·浙江嘉兴一中高三上学期能力测试)He
get
easily
frustrated
when
they
play
with
his
favorite
toy
cars...
4．get→gets　句意：当他们玩他最喜欢的玩具车时他很容易变得很沮丧……由于主语是He，谓语动词须用第三人称单数形式。
5．(2016·福建福州十三中期中考试)About
one
thousand
graduates
took
exams
for
it，but
only
a
few
was
chosen
and
I
was
one
of
them.
5．第一个was→were　句意：大约一千名毕业生参加了考试，但是只挑选了几个人，而我就是被选上的人之一。根据主语only
a
few可知，谓语动词须用复数形式。
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1．(2016·湖南株洲高三质量统一检测)She
also
seemed
to
know
when
people
________(be)upset
and....
1．were　句意：她似乎也知道人们什么时候烦躁不安……在when引导的宾语从句中，主语是people，结合主句的时态可知，此处be须用were。
2．(2016·安徽示范性高中第二次联考)Sports
clubs
often
________
(competition)with
other
colleges
and
sometimes
with
community
groups.
2．compete　句意：体育俱乐部经常与其他大学进行竞赛，有时也与社区队进行竞赛。根据句子结构可知，此处用动词作谓语；再根据主语sports
clubs可知谓语动词用复数形式。
3．(2016·安徽示范性高中第二次联考)The
one
drawback
to
club
sports
________(be)that
colleges
often
don't
fund
them.
3．is　句意：俱乐部体育运动的不足之处就是大学常常不提供资金帮助。根据主语The
one
drawback可知，句子谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，由后面的don't可知用一般现在时。
4．(2015·河南洛阳第一次统考)I
can't
remember
her
face
now
but
recalling
the
incident
________(make)me
happy.
4．makes　句意：我现在记不起她的脸了，但是回顾那次事件让我很高兴。动名词短语recalling
the
incident作主语，谓语动词用单数。
5．(2014·河北邢台二中、临城中学等七校期末联考)Saving
money
_______
_(be)what
you
need
to
start
several
months
before
you
move
out.
5．is　句意：在你搬出去之前的几个月，省钱就是你要开始做的事情了。动名词短语saving
money作主语，谓语动词用单数。
6．(2014·河北唐山一中高三上期中)I
was
paid
nine
dollars
an
hour，which
________(be)three
dollars
more
than
the
school
post
office
paid
us.
6．was　句意：我每小时赚九美元，这比学校邮局支付我们的要多三美元。定语从句主语的关系代词which指代nine
dollars；表示钱数的名词复数形式作主语，谓语动词用单数；根据主句时态判断此空填was。
7．(2014·黑龙江哈六中高三期中考试)But
nothing
has
prepared
the
bears
for
the
danger
that
________(threat)the
only
home
they
know.
7．threats　句意：但是熊们对威胁到它们所知的唯一的家的危险没有任何准备。作定语从句主语的关系代词that指的是先行词danger，故从句谓语动词用单数；由主语时态判断填一般现在时单数第三人称形式。
8．(2014·山西太原高三英语第三次诊断考试)We
all
got
excited
when
someone
spotted
an
Australian
tailed
eagle，which
________(be)the
symbol
of
the
Australian Pacific
railway.
8．is　句意：当有人发现澳大利亚尾雕的时候我们变得兴奋起来，它是澳太铁路的象征。非限制性定语从句中作主语的关系代词which指代Australian
tailed
eagle，谓语动词用单数；从句所讲的内容是事实，句子应该用一般现在时，故填is。
9．(2014·陕西西安第一次模考)Nowadays
signs
prohibiting
smoking
________(be)a
common
sight
in
restaurants，tea
houses
and
shopping
malls.
9．are　句意：如今禁止吸烟标志在餐馆、茶馆和购物中心到处可见。分析句子结构可知，这里的主语是signs，再结合上下文的句意可知，要用一般现在时。
10．(2014·湖南怀化高三模拟考试)
A
recent
survey
shows
that
the
number
of
children
who
come
from
the
countryside
with
their
parents
________(be)nearly
320，000
in
Beijing.
10．is　句意：最近的一项调查显示，在北京随父母从农村进城的孩子接近320
000人。分析句子结构可知，宾语从句的主语是the
number，且句子为现在时态，所以填is。
11．(2014·湖南十三校高三联考)Our
school
along
with
many
other
brother
middle
schools
________(be)to
take
another
joint
test
next
month.
11．is　句意：我们学校下月将和很多兄弟学校进行联考。分析句子结构可知，句子主语是our
school，它后面的along
with短语不影响谓语动词，而且由next
month可知这里应该是be
to
do结构，表示计划或安排好的将来。
12．(2014·湖南四大名校3月联考)They
say
that
the
football
team
as
well
as
the
coach________(invite)to
the
TV
show
to
talk
about
their
experiences
during
the
past
few
years.
12．have
been
invited　句意：他们说足球队员们以及教练已受邀参加电视节目来谈谈他们过去几年的经历。that引导的宾语从句的主语是the
football
team，其后虽有as
well
as...短语，但谓语动词不受其影响，仍与主语一致。集体名词the
football
team在此侧重成员，表示复数意义；由语境可知此处强调“已经”受邀，而且主语与谓语是被动关系，故填have
been
invited。
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INCLUDEPICTURE
"../../../名词.tif"
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可数名词复数的规则变化
情况
方法
例词
一般情况
加 s
students，teachers，doctors，tables
以s，x，ch，sh结尾
加 es
glasses，dishes，boxes，watches
以“辅音字母＋y”结尾
变y为i，再加 es
families，babies，armies，bodies
以“元音字母＋y”结尾
加 s
boys，toys
以f或fe结尾
大都变f或fe为v，再加 es
thieves，wives，knives，shelves，lives
少数加 s
beliefs，proofs，roofs，chiefs
以o结尾
通常加 s
radios，videos，zoos，tobaccos
有的加 es
heroes，potatoes，tomatoes
合成名词
把中心词变为复数
passers by，story tellers，housewives
常以复数形式出现的名词
clothes衣服　　　glasses眼镜　　　　chopsticks筷子
trousers裤子
goods商品；货物
contents目录
sands沙滩
woods森林；树林
times时代
lines台词
surroundings环境
belongings财产
earnings收入
arms武器
manners礼貌
forces军队
有两种复数形式的名词
people　　　　fish
集体名词的数
(1)只表示复数意义的集体名词
people人，人们　　　　　police警察　　　　　cattle牛
(2)侧重成员时表示复数意义，侧重个体时表示单数意义的集体名词
这类集体名词侧重于成员时，表示复数意义，不再变复数形式；侧重整体时表示单数意义，表示多个这样的整体时有复数变化形式。
class班级　　　　family家庭　　　　team队
public大众
army军队
government政府
单复数同形的名词
sheep
绵羊
deer
鹿
works
工厂
means
方式
名词的数量修饰语
(1)只修饰可数名词
many
few
several
many
a(后跟可数名词单数)
a
number
of
quite
a
few
(2)只修饰不可数名词
a
little
much
a
bit
of
a
great
deal
of
a
large
amount
of
(3)修饰可数名词与不可数名词均可
some
any
enough
plenty
of
a
lot
of
a
mass
of
quantities
of
most
all
名词所有格
(1)'s所有格
表示人或其他有生命的东西的名词常在词尾加's或'，表示所有关系。
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a
man's
shirt一件男士的衬衫
my
sister's
telephone
number
我姐姐的电话号码
①表示两者或多者各自的所有关系时，分别在每个名词的词尾加's或'；表示两者或多者共有时，在最后一个名词词尾加's或'。
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Tom's
and
Jim's
father
汤姆的父亲和吉姆的父亲
Tom
and
Jim's
father
汤姆和吉姆的父亲
②表示店铺、办公室或某人的家时，名词所有格后被修饰的名词一般省略。
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at
the
barber's
在理发店　at
the
teacher's在老师办公室
at
my
uncle's在我叔叔家
③一些表示具体的时间、距离、城镇等的名词也常用's所有格。
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ten
minutes'
break十分钟的休息
a
stone's
throw一箭之地
London's
water
system
伦敦的供水系统
(2)of所有格
表示无生命的事物的名词通常用of所有格表示所有关系；名词短语或有定语修饰的有生命的名词也常用of所有格。
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the
title
of
the
song
歌的名字
the
window
of
the
room房间的窗户
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the
life
of
the
poor穷人的生活
the
name
of
the
boy
standing
there站在那儿的那个男孩的名字
(3)双重所有格
构成
名词＋of＋'s所有格/名词性物主代词
a
friend
of
Jack's
some
friends
of
mine
用　法
表示部分概念，被修饰词前通常有限定词a(n)，one，some，many等
Some
friends
of
my
sister's
will
join
us
in
the
game.
带's所有格的名词必须是明确限定的、指人的
a
book
of
Mary's
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of前的名词是picture，photo，statue等用of所有格和双重所有格时意义有区别。
名词作定语
名词作定语往往是说明被修饰词的材料、用途、类别等，作定语的名词通常用单数。
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gold
chain金链子　　　　coffee
cup咖啡杯
mountain
village山村
winter
holiday寒假
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常以复数形式出现的名词作定语时用复数；man和woman作定语时，其单复数根据被修饰词的单复数变化。
sports
meeting运动会
sales
manager
销售经理
men
doctors男医生
women
teachers女教师
构词法——名词
名词在英语学习中很重要，在词类中占的比例也很大，而且有些词，如动词、形容词等通过形式上的变化会成为名词。下面是动词变名词时主要的几种后缀。
(1)后加 (t)ion，表示“行为或状态”。如action，collection，suggestion，invitation，information，instruction，exhibition，attraction，pollution，solution等。
(2)后加 ment，表示“行为或结果”。如achievement，management，amusement，requirement，statement，development，equipment，disagreement，advertisement，appointment等。
(3)后加 er/or，表示“……的人”。如reporter，waiter，interviewer，player，winner，farmer，learner，actor，visitor，collector，director，inventor等。
(4)后加 ant，表示“……的人”。如assistant，attendant，servant，merchant等。
(5)后加 ist，表示“……专家，从事……的人”。如tourist，violinist，pianist，artist，scientist等。
(6)后加 ian/ an，表示“有……特征的，专长于……的人”。如musician，historian，physician等。
(7)后加 ice表示“行为，性质，状态”。如notice，justice，service，choice等。
(8)后加 dom，表示“集体，领域，状态”。如freedom，kingdom，wisdom等。
此外，我们平时还要多注意总结、归纳和熟记各类词形变化的知识，这样才能在考试中得心应手。
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Their
unexpected________(arrive)threw
our
plan
into
confusion.
【解析】　arrival　句意：他们的突然到来打乱了我们的计划。空格前有形容词性物主代词及形容词修饰，所以此处要用名词形式arrival。类似的变化还有survive—survival。
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Are
you
simple
enough
to
believe
what
that________(lie)tells
you
【解析】　liar　句意：你会蠢到相信那骗子说的话吗？分析句子结构可知，这里要求用指人的名词作从句的主语。有两个特殊的名词后面接 ar表示人，分别是liar(骗子)和beggar(乞丐)。
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Most
female
workers
in
Shanghai
suffer
from________(anxious)connected
to
the
global
financial
crisis，according
to
a
recent
survey.
【解析】　anxiety　句意：根据最近的一份调查，上海的大部分职业女性患有由全球经济危机引起的焦虑。介词后面应该用名词形式。
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“主语＋with/along
with/together
with/as
well
as/rather
than/but/except＋名词”，谓语动词的形式与主语一致。
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"../../../例.tif"
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A
gift
together
with
many
flowers
was
sent
to
me
on
Teachers'
Day
by
my
students.
The
father
as
well
as
his
children
goes
skating
on
the
frozen
river
every
Sunday
morning
in
winter.
由either...or...，neither...nor...，not
only...but(also)．..，or，nor连接的并列成分作主语，以及there
be句式中，谓语动词的形式与最靠近的主语一致。
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Either
you
or
I
was
wrong
in
this
matter.
Not
only
the
teacher
but
also
his
students
have
been
invited
to
the
meeting.
被every，each，many
a，more
than
one等修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
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"../../../例.tif"
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Every
boy
and(every)girl
has
adapted
to
the
new
teacher.
Many
a
student
in
this
school
is
from
the
country.
两个单数名词由and连接表示同一人或物时，谓语动词用单数。
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The
scientist
and
professor
has
made
great
contributions
to
the
research.
class，family，crew，team，group，crowd，government等集体名词作主语时，若侧重整体，谓语动词常用单数；若侧重成员，谓语动词用复数。
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The
football
team
is
made
up
of
22
members.
The
football
team
are
taking
their
training
course
on
the
playground.
表示由两部分构成的物体的名词，如trousers，pants，jeans，glasses，shorts等作主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式。但如果这类名词前用了a
pair
of或two/three/...pairs
of来修饰，谓语动词在数上要与pair的数保持一致。
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These
trousers
need
cleaning.
This
pair
of
glasses
is
mine.
Here
are
some
new
pairs
of
shoes.
表示时间、距离、重量、体积、价格等的复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。
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I
think
$5，000
is
a
large
sum
of
money
for
him.
Forty
kilometers
is
a
long
distance
for
him
to
get
there
on
foot.
分数或百分数作主语，谓语动词根据分数或百分数所指代的名词而定。
INCLUDEPICTURE
"../../../例.tif"
\
MERGEFORMAT
Two
thirds
of
his
income
has
been
spent
on
books.
Seventy
percent
of
the
population
in
that
country
are
still
in
poverty.
“a
number
of＋复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数；“the
number
of＋复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数。
INCLUDEPICTURE
"../../../例.tif"
\
MERGEFORMAT
A
number
of
new
products
have
been
successfully
produced.
The
number
of
people
doing
fitness
training
is
on
the
increase.
a
large
quantity
of与large
quantities
of修饰名词作主语时，谓语动词根据quantity的单复数形式而定。
INCLUDEPICTURE
"../../../例.tif"
\
MERGEFORMAT
A
large
quantity
of
trees
has
been
planted
on
either
side
of
the
road.
Large
quantities
of
trees
have
been
planted
on
either
side
of
the
road.
从句、不定式或动名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。
INCLUDEPICTURE
"../../../例.tif"
\
MERGEFORMAT
When
the
meeting
will
be
held
has
not
been
decided
yet.
Reading
in
the
sun
does
harm
to
our
eyes.
INCLUDEPICTURE
"../../../注意1.tif"
\
MERGEFORMAT
主语是what引导的从句，谓语动词的形式根据主语从句表示的意义而定。例如：What
we
want
is
money./What
we
want
are
skilled
workers.
定语从句中，关系代词作主语时，谓语动词的形式与先行词保持一致。
INCLUDEPICTURE
"../../../例.tif"
\
MERGEFORMAT
Mr
Smith，who
is
now
downstairs，is
asking
to
see
you.
The
Smiths，who
are
now
downstairs，are
asking
to
see
you.
语法填空
Just
as
I
began
a
new
job
in
New
York，I
had
to
learn
another
important
job:
father.I
was
a
businessman.At
the
office
I
had
three
new
__1__(project)，and
at
home
I
had
a
young
son
who
was
growing
fast
and
__2__(need)me.I
was
puzzled
and
didn't
know
how
to
deal
with
the
__3__(relative)between
job
and
family
until
one
day，during
my
business
trip
in
Chicago，I
came
across
an
old
family
friend
Dan，__4__
was
once
a
patient
of
my
father's.He
told
me
something
about
my
father.__5__
was
my
father
that
helped
him
go
through
the
cancer.When
Dan
knew
he
got
cancer，he
was
very
upset
and
wanted
__6__(give)up，but
my
father，his
doctor，encouraged
him
to
go
on
__7__(fight)against
the
cancer.My
father
said
to
him，“You
have
a
wonderful
life
and
three
fine
__8__(child)．Take
some
time
with
them.It's
family
we
live
for—not
just
ourselves.Think
of
that
__9__
you
will
know
life's
worth
the
fight.”
His
words
touched
me，and
I
__10__(sudden)realized
that
family
are
the
most
important
in
the
world.I
should
spend
more
time
staying
with
them.
1．projects　根据前文的three判断应用project的复数形式。
2．needed　need与前文的was并列，故应用一般过去式。
3．relationship　根据前面的the可知，此处填名词；结合所给的单词relative分析句子意思可知，此处指工作与家庭的关系。
4．who　空后是非限制性定语从句，先行词是Dan，定语从句中缺少主语，故用who引导。
5．It　该句是强调句型，结构为：It
was＋被强调部分＋that＋其他部分。
6．to
give　want
to
do
sth.“想做某事”，后跟不定式。
7．fighting　go
on后跟v. ing，表示“继续做同一件事”。
8．children　根据前面的数词three可知，child须用复数形式。
9．and　考查祈使句，think
of
that是祈使句，和空后的分句是并列关系，应用and连接。
10．suddenly　realized为动词应用副词修饰。
短文改错
Today
is
my
mom
birthday.
This
afternoon，I
went
to
the
biggest
shopping
center
downtown，and
bought
a
presents
for
her.Then
I
took
the
subway
home.Sitting
on
the
train，I
thought
my
mom
will
be
very
happy
when
she
saw
the
present.At
the
next
station，an
old
man，whom
carried
two
heavy
bag，got
on
the
train
and
stood
in
front
of
me.He
looked
tiring.I
hesitated
for
a
moment，and
then
offered
my
seat
to
him.The
old
man
thanked
me
for
a
lot
and
sat
down.Seen
his
smile，I
felt
happily.
From
this
experience，I
will
ready
to
help
others
in
the
future.
Today
is
my
birthday.
This
afternoon，I
went
to
the
biggest
shopping
center
downtown，and
bought
a
for
her.Then
I
took
the
subway
home.Sitting
on
the
train，I
thought
my
mom
be
very
happy
when
she
saw
the
present.At
the
next
station，an
old
man，
carried
two
heavy
，got
on
the
train
and
stood
in
front
of
me.He
looked
.I
hesitated
for
a
moment，and
then
offered
my
seat
to
him.The
old
man
thanked
me
a
lot
and
sat
down.
his
smile，I
felt
.
From
this
experience，I
willready
to
help
others
in
the
future.
1．mom应该使用所有格修饰后面的名词birthday。
2．根据前面的不定冠词a和下文的the
present可知，present应用单数。
3．含宾语从句的复合句中，主句的谓语动词是thought，为一般过去时，从句的时态也要用过去时。
4．先行词为an
old
man，引导词在定语从句中作主语应该用who。
5．可数名词bag前面有two修饰，bag应用复数形式。
6．tiring“令人累的”，tired“感觉累的”。主语为He，根据语意应用tired。
7．thank
sb.a
lot“非常感谢某人”，thank
sb.for
sth.“为某事而感谢某人”。
8．see的逻辑主语跟后面句子的主语一致的情况下，应用现在分词形式。
9．feel是系动词，后面接形容词作表语。
10．ready是形容词，“be＋形容词”组成系表结构。因此will后加be动词。
语法填空
Jane
was
walking
round
the
department
store.She
remembered
how
difficult
it
was
to
choose
a
suitable
Christmas
present
for
her
father.She
wished
that
he
was
as
easy
to
please
as
her
mother，__1__
was
always
delighted
with
perfume.
Besides，shopping
at
this
time
of
the
year
__2__(be)not
a
pleasant
experience:
people
stepped
on
your
__3__(foot)or
pushed
you
with
their
elbows，hurrying
ahead
to
get
to
a
bargain.
Jane
paused
in
front
of
a
counter
where
some
attractive
__4__(tie)were
on
display.“They
are
pure
silk，”
the
assistant
tried
to
attract
her.“Worth
double
the
price.”
But
Jane
knew
from
past
experience
that
her
__5__(choose)of
ties
hardly
ever
pleased
her
father.
Jane
stopped
where
a
small
crowd
of
men
had
gathered.She
found
some
good
quality
pipes
__6__
sale.She
did
not
hesitate
for
long:
although
her
father
smoked
a
pipe
only
once
in
a
while，she
knew
that
this
was
a
present
which
__7__(be)bound
to
please
him.
When
Jane
got
home，with
her
small
__8__
well chosen
present
in
her
bag，her
parents
were
already
at
table
having
supper.Her
mother
was
__9__(excite)．“Your
father
has
at
last
decided
to
stop
__10__(smoke)，”
Jane
was
informed.
1．who　引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语；先行词是her
mother，故填who。
2．was　所填词作句子谓语，由上下文可判断出本句用一般过去时，句子的主语是动名词shopping，故填was。
3．feet　step
on
one's
feet“踩在某人的脚上”。
4．ties　由后面的谓语动词were可知，此处tie“领带”应用复数形式。
5．choice　作句子的主语，前面有her作定语，故填名词choice。
6．on　on
sale
“廉价出售”，是固定短语。
7．was　定语从句主语的关系代词which指代a
present，故谓语动词用单数；由上下文判断句子是一般过去时，所以填was。
8．but　由small与well chosen的对比可知该空填转折连词but。
9．excited　主语是her
mother，作表语的形容词说明主语的心理活动，故填excited。
10．smoking　stop后跟动名词作宾语，stop
doing
sth.“停止做某事”。
短文改错
Dear
Mandy，
I'm
not
doing
well
in
my
lessons
at
school，especial
in
maths.My
dad
says
I
must
try
hard
because
he
wants
me
go
to
university.He
thinks
I'm
lazy，but
it's
not
true.I
work
really
hard，often
study
late
into
the
night！I've
tried
to
talk
to
my
mother，but
she
always
say
I
have
to
work
as
hard
like
my
brother
does.My
brother
don't
study
very
hard，but
he
always
gets
excellent
grades.It's
not
fair!
The
only
thing
I
like
are
art.My
teacher
says
I'm
the
best
student
she's
had
for
year.When
I
told
my
dad，all
he
said
was，“You
mustn't
waste
your
time
in
art.You
must
focus
your
mind
on
your
lessons！”
I'm
feeling
quite
puzzling
what
to
do
now.Would
you
please
help
me
out？Thanks
a
lot!
Yours
sincerely，
Lisa
Dear
Mandy，
I'm
not
doing
well
in
my
lessons
at
school，
in
maths.My
dad
says
I
must
try
hard
because
he
wants
mego
to
university.He
thinks
I'm
lazy，but
it's
not
true.I
work
really
hard，often
late
into
the
night！I've
tried
to
talk
to
my
mother，but
she
always
I
have
to
work
as
hard
my
brother
does.My
brother
study
very
hard，but
he
always
gets
excellent
grades.It's
not
fair!
The
only
thing
I
like
art.My
teacher
says
I'm
the
best
student
she's
had
for
.When
I
told
my
dad，all
he
said
was，“You
mustn't
waste
your
time
art.You
must
focus
your
mind
on
your
lessons！”
I'm
feeling
quite
what
to
do
now.Would
you
please
help
me
out？Thanks
a
lot!
Yours
sincerely，
Lisa
1．此处应由副词修饰介词短语in
maths。
2．want后跟不定式作宾语补足语。
3．I与study之间为主动关系，故用studying作work
hard的伴随状语。
4．根据句意及句子的主语可知，此处谓语动词须用第三人称单数形式。
5．hard前有as应构成as...as...结构连接比较状语从句。
6．根据句子的主语My
brother可知，谓语动词须用第三人称单数形式。
7．分析句子结构可知，句子的主语为the
only
thing，谓语动词须用第三人称单数形式。
8．for
years“好多年”。
9．waste
time
on/over
sth.“在某事上浪费时间”。
10．主语是I，指人的心理状态，应用puzzled作表语，意为“感到迷惑的”。
语法填空
Humans
like
to
live
and
work
in
groups.Language
is
the
“cement”(胶合剂)__1__
holds
these
groups
together.Language
is
part
of
culture.Culture，in
this
__2__(sensitive)，means
all
those
customs，skills，and
attitudes
that
are
part
of
the
behaviors
of
a
__3__(particularly)group.What
you
think
__4__
what
you
want
in
life
are
all
affected
by
the
culture
of
the
group
in
which
you
__5__(raise)．Groups
of
people
live
in
different
ways.They
may
have
different
skills，organizations，and
art
forms.Their
family
life
may
be
completely
different
from
yours.
Human
beings
are
inventive
animals.They
can
decide
to
change
their
cultures
in
order
to
meet
various
__6__(situation)．Of
all
living
things，human
beings
are
the
__7__(clever)．They
can
choose
to
live
in
many
__8__(environmental)and
in
a
wide
variety
of
ways.Only
human
beings
can
choose
where
and
how
they
want
to
live
and
then
improve
the
physical
environment
to
help
__9__(they)realize
these
choices.
Acquiring
the
wisdom
to
make
wise
choices
__10__(be)the
lasting
challenge
of
being
human.
1．that/which　空后的定语从句中缺少主语，先行词是表示物的名词，故填that/which。
2．sense　根据前面的介词及指示代词this可知此处用名词单数。
3．particular　空后是名词，空前是冠词，应用形容词。故填particular。
4．and　根据前后句的关系判断填and。
5．are
raised　根据语境应用一般现在时，you是raise的动作承受者。故填are
raised。
6．situations　根据空前的various“各种各样的”，应用名词复数形式。故填situations。
7．cleverest/most
clever　根据空前的of短语，表示范围，应用形容词的最高级。故填cleverest/most
clever。
8．environments　根据前面的many可知，空格处须填名词的复数形式，故填environments。
9．themselves　根据前文的主语they判断填反身代词themselves。
10．is　该句的主语是动名词短语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，故填is。
短文改错
It
is
known
that
in
many
parts
of
our
country，there
are
still
many
children
in
poverty.Their
family
are
too
poor
to
afford
school
things
and
clothes
on
account
not
having
enough
money.Worst
still，there
are
still
many
children
who
suffer
hungry.Schoolmates，please
hold
out
your
helping
hand
to
join
in
us.How
you
can
do
is
to
donate
a
pencil，a
book，a
quilt
or
some
clothes
to
our
loving
care
supermarket
in
our
school.It
means
little
to
you，and
this
small
action
of
warm
will
mean
a
lot
to
the
needed.
Offering
your
love
to
them，and
they
will
not
be
worried
about
the
school
things
or
suffer
hunger.As
the
saying
goes，“The
fragrance
always
stay
in
the
hand
that
gives
the
rose.”
It
is
known
that
in
many
parts
of
our
country，there
are
still
many
children
in
poverty.Their
are
too
poor
to
afford
school
things
and
clothes
on
accountnot
having
enough
money.
still，there
are
still
many
children
who
suffer
.Schoolmates，please
hold
out
your
helping
hand
to
join
us.
you
can
do
is
to
donate
a
pencil，a
book，a
quilt
or
some
clothes
to
our
loving
care
supermarket
in
our
school.It
means
little
to
you，
this
small
action
of
will
mean
a
lot
to
the
needed.
your
love
to
them，and
they
will
not
be
worried
about
the
school
things
or
suffer
hunger.As
the
saying
goes，“The
fragrance
always
in
the
hand
that
gives
the
rose.”
1．根据上下文的意思及后面的系动词are可知，主语family须用复数形式。
2．on
account
of“由于，基于”。
3．worse
still“更糟糕的是”，为固定用法。
4．根据句意及动词suffer的搭配要求可知，suffer后须用名词作宾语。
5．句意：同学们，请伸出援助之手，加入我们吧。join
sb.“加入到某人中，和某人一起”；join
in“参加(活动)”。
6．句意：你能做的就是捐献一支铅笔、一本书、一床被子或者一些衣服给我们学校的爱心超市。what可作do的宾语，how是疑问副词，不能作宾语。
7．句意：这对你来说微不足道，但是这个温暖的小行动对需要的人来说意义很大。前后为对比，表示转折，应用but连接。
8．根据前面的介词of可知，后面需用名词，而不能用形容词，action
of
warmth“温暖的行动”。
9．句意：把你的爱心给了他们，他们既不用担心学习用品也不遭受饥饿啦。这里是祈使句，应用动词原形开头。
10．句意：予人玫瑰，手留余香。fragrance是单数，其后谓语动词应用第三人称单数。
语法填空
Every
boy
and
every
girl
__1__(expect)their
parents
to
give
them
more
pocket
money.Why
do
their
parents
just
give
them
a
certain
amount？One
main
purpose
is
to
let
__2__(kid)learn
how
to
manage
their
own
money.The
amount
of
money
__3__
parents
give
to
their
children
to
spend
as
they
wish
__4__(differ)from
family
to
family.
Children
are
expected
to
make
a
__5__(choose)between
spending
and
saving.At
first，some
young
children
may
spend
all
of
the
money
soon
after
they
received
it.Parents
are
__6__(usual)advised
not
to
offer
more
money
until
it
is
the
right
time.By
doing
so，these
children
will
learn
that
__7__(spend)must
be
done
with
a
budget.
Pocket
money
can
give
children
a
chance
__8__(experience)three
things
they
can
do
with
the
money.They
can
spend
it
by
giving
it
to
__9__
good
cause.They
can
spend
it
by
buying
things
they
want.They
can
save
it
for
future
use.
Saving
__10__(help)children
understand
that
costly
goals
require
sacrifice.Saving
can
also
open
the
door
to
future
saving
and
investing
for
children.
1．expects　根据上下文判断，本句用一般现在时；every...and
every...作主语，谓语动词用单数，故填expects。
2．kids　由后文的their可知此处泛指“孩子们”，名词kid用复数形式。
3．that/which　引导定语从句，在从句中作give的宾语，先行词是amount，故填that或which。
4．differs　所填词作主句的谓语，主语是the
amount
of
money，故用单数形式。
5．choice　根据前面的不定冠词判断本空填choice，make
a
choice“做选择”。
6．usually　作时间状语，意为“通常”，故填副词usually。
7．spending　所填词作句子主语，故填动名词。
8．to
experience　chance后用动词不定式作定语，表示“做某事的机会”。
9．a　泛指“一个好的理由”，故填不定冠词。
10．helps　动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。
短文改错
Dear
manager，
I
am
writing
to
express
my
interest
in
your
recently
advertised
positions
as
a
secretary
of
English.Here
I
would
like
to
introduce
me
briefly.
I
is
a
25 year old
young
man
graduating
from
the
Foreign
Languages
Department
of
Jilin
University.I
has
been
an
English
guide
for
two
years
after
graduation.As
a
result，my
oral
English
are
pretty
good.I
have
great
interest
the
job.I
had
much
confidence
in
myself.If
I
am
given
to
the
job，I
can
assure
you
I
will
try
my
best
to
do
it
well.I'd
like
to
meet
you
at
your
convenient
to
discuss
the
possibility
of
working
in
your
company.An
early
reply
to
my
application
will
be
high
appreciated.
Yours
respectfully，
Wang
Yong
Dear
manager，
I
am
writing
to
express
my
interest
in
your
recently
advertised
as
a
secretary
of
English.Here
I
would
like
to
introduce
briefly.
I
a
25 year old
young
man
graduating
from
the
Foreign
Languages
Department
of
Jilin
University.I
been
an
English
guide
for
two
years
after
graduation.As
a
result，my
oral
English
pretty
good.I
have
great
interestthe
job.I
much
confidence
in
myself.If
I
am
given
the
job，I
can
assure
you
I
will
try
my
best
to
do
it
well.I'd
like
to
meet
you
at
your
to
discuss
the
possibility
of
working
in
your
company.An
early
reply
to
my
application
will
be
appreciated.
Yours
respectfully，
Wang
Yong
1．作者申请的是一份工作，所以应用单数名词position。
2．introduce的宾语与主语I是同一人，应用反身代词。
3．主语是I时，谓语部分的系动词用am。
4．当主语不为第三人称单数时，动词have用原形。
5．主语my
oral
English为第三人称单数，因此谓语部分的系动词须用第三人称单数形式。
6．have
interest
in“在某方面有兴趣”，为固定短语。
7．通过上下文可知，此处应用一般现在时。
8．此处give
sb.sth.的被动形式为sb.be
given
sth.或sth.be
given
to
sb.。
9．at
your
convenience意为“在你方便的时候”。
10．high作副词时意为“高高地”，highly意为“高度地，非常”，此处表示“非常感激”，应用highly。
语法填空
Over
the
past
few
years，organic
products
have
increasingly
found
their
way
into
consumers'
shopping
baskets.But
what
makes
them
choose
organic
over
highly
processed
products
There
are
__1__(reason)for
being
organic
and
reasons
against
being
organic.It
is
not
__2__(necessary)an
either or
decision.Rather，the
decision
__3__(consume)organic
food
or
not
is
dependent
on
the
economic，educational
and
social
circumstances
of
the
consumer.
According
to
many
researchers，there
is
a
connection
between
organic
food
and
the
__4__(protect)of
the
environment.Many
consumers
__5__
know
about
this
connection
take
it
as
a
motivation
to
go
organic.To
reduce
their
carbon
footprint，many
even
rely
only
on
local
organic
__6__(product)．
__7__，not
every
consumer
actually
knows
and
cares
about
the
connection
between
the
environment
and
organic
food.That
is，some
consumers
choose
not
to
be
organic
because
__8__
prefer
sticking
with
their
old
habits.To
them，one
reason
not
to
go
organic
is
that
organic
food
differs
from
the
food
they
are
used
to.For
some，organic
food
tastes
different
__9__(compare)with
the
food
they
normally
consume.
And
as
organic
products
generally
don't
use
preservatives(防腐剂)，they
are
__10__(easy)to
go
bad.Consumers
who
choose
not
to
go
organic
therefore
feel
organic
food
doesn't
bring
them
any
benefits.
1．reasons　根据there
are句型可知后面用名词复数形式，故填reasons。
2．necessarily　作状语修饰整个句子应该用副词形式necessarily。
3．to
consume　decision的后置定语涉及动作意义时常常用不定式形式，且此处表示主动意义，故应该用不定式的主动形式。故填to
consume。
4．protection　此处带有所有格of
the
environment，所以此处应该使用protect的名词形式protection。
5．who/that　此处指前面的many
consumers，在后面的定语从句中作know的主语，故应该用表示人的关系代词who/that。
6．products　根据句意，此处表示很多人只吃当地产的有机产品，表泛指意义，故应该用可数名词product的复数形式products。
7．However　根据上下文可知，此处为与上文所述的相反的事实，即有的人不吃有机食物，故应该用表示转折意义的副词。故填However。
8．they　根据上下文，此处指的是前半句提到的some
consumers，在句中作主语，故应该用人称代词they来指代。
9．compared　逻辑主语organic
food与compare之间为被动关系，故应该用过去分词作比较状语。故填compared。
10．easier　根据上下文句意，此处表示“(与那些非有机食品相比)更容易变质”，表示比较意义，故应该用easy的比较级easier。
短文改错
My
classmates
and
I
take
part
in
a
wildness
survival
program
from
July
10th
to
July
13th
this
summer.Before
we
started，we
given
a
compass，a
map，a
first aid
kit，tents，food，any
clothes
and
so
on.On
the
way
we
climbed
three
more
hills
and
swam
across
two
rivers.We
lost
our
way
in
the
forest.Lucky
we
found
the
right
direct
with
the
compass.As
soon
as
they
arrived
at
the
campsite，we
put
up
our
tents，made
a
fire
and
then
started
cooking.We
also
learned
what
to
give
first aid.
Through
the
program，we
learned
to
use
knowledges
gained
in
class
to
solve
problem.It
was
quite
an
unforgettable
experience
for
me.
My
classmates
and
I
part
in
a
wildness
survival
program
from
July
10th
to
July
13th
this
summer.Before
we
started，wegiven
a
compass，a
map，a
first aid
kit，tents，food，
clothes
and
so
on.On
the
way
we
climbed
three
hills
and
swam
across
two
rivers.We
lost
our
way
in
the
forest.
we
found
the
right
with
the
compass.As
soon
as
arrived
at
the
campsite，we
put
up
our
tents，made
a
fire
and
then
started
cooking.We
also
learned
to
give
first aid.
Through
the
program，we
learned
to
use
gained
in
class
to
solve
.It
was
quite
an
unforgettable
experience
for
me.
1．根据语境及全文的时态可知，应用一般过去时。
2．句子的主语we是give的动作承受者，应用被动语态。
3．some“一些”，用在肯定句中；any“一些”，用在否定句和疑问句中。
4．根据上下文只有三座小山，应去掉more。
5．根据下文可知此处应用副词作状语。
6．根据句意可知，此处指借助指南针找到了正确的方向，direction“方向”。
7．根据主句的主语we判断此处应为we。
8．learned后“疑问词＋不定式”引导的是宾语从句，从句中缺少方式状语，故应用how。
9．knowledge是不可数名词，没有复数形式。
10．problem前没有限定词，可数名词单数不能单独使用，故改为复数形式。
语法填空
Choosing
a
college
major
is
one
of
the
most
important
choices
you
can
make
about
your
__1__(educate)and
future
career.It
may
even
be
more
important
than
where
you
attend
college.
What
you
study
in
school
often
__2__(determine)what
career
opportunities
you
will
have
when
you
graduate.There
are
a
number
of
__3__(step)you
can
take
before
making
a
final
decision.Begin
by
making
a
list
of
your
personal
interests
and
careers
__4__
correspond
with
them.
Next，consider
the
academic
subjects
in
which
you
excel.If
you're
not
strong
in
math
you
might
be
better
off
not
choosing
pare
the
list
of
your
__5__(interest)with
the
list
of
your
talents
and
see
which
fields
overlap.
Once
you've
established
a
list
of
potential
career
fields，research
them
__6__(far)to
determine
which
college
majors
are
most
proper.Then
you
can
get
__7__
idea
for
what
courses
you'll
need
to
take.If
you
struggle
with
these
steps，consider
__8__(look)for
outside
help.
Choosing
a
college
major
you
will
enjoy
__9__(be)important.You
might
find
college
life
to
be
less
stressful
if
you
enjoy
your
classes.You
might
also
avoid
the
unpleasantness
that
__10__(come)with
changing
your
major.
1．education　位于介词后面，前面又有your修饰，故填名词形式。
2．determines　所填词作句子的谓语，主语是what引导的名词性从句，表示抽象意义，所以用单数形式。
3．steps　step是可数名词，前面有a
number
of修饰，故填复数形式。
4．which/that　所填的词是定语从句的引导词，在从句中作主语，先行词是表示事物的名词，故用which或that。
5．interests　interest在此是可数名词，意为“爱好”，根据the
list
of判断，此处需用复数形式。
6．further　此处表示“做进一步研究”，含有比较意义，而且是抽象概念，故填further。
7．an　get
an
idea“明白，理解”，是固定短语。
8．looking　consider在此意为“考虑”，后用动名词作宾语。
9．is　所填词是句子的谓语，主语是动名词短语Choosing...，故用单数形式。
10．comes　所填词是定语从句的谓语，从句主语that指的是先行词unpleasantness，故用单数形式。
短文改错
Someone
asks
me
what
on
the
earth
happiness
means？I
can't
give
you
the
exactly
definition
of
it，but
I'm
sure
if
you
love
and
help
others，you'll
get
it.
I'll
never
forget
an
old
lady.She
lives
a
small
house
alone.It's
said
that
her
husband
and
her
son
was
killed
in
a
traffic
accident.How
bitter
her
life
is！But
the
old
lady
often
help
others
with
a
smile.Wherever
it
snows，she
is
always
the
first
to
clean
the
paths.She
looks
after
several
children
living
nearby.I
am
one
of
those.I
often
remember
the
stories
she
told
about
us
and
her
kind
smile.Perhaps
she
is
lucky，but
I
think
she
is
a
happy
person.Her
life
are
full
of
laughter
and
love.
Someone
asks
me
what
on
earth
happiness
means？I
can't
give
you
the
definition
of
it，but
I'm
sure
if
you
love
and
help
others，you'll
get
it.
I'll
never
forget
an
old
lady.She
livesa
small
house
alone.It's
said
that
her
husband
and
her
son
killed
in
a
traffic
accident.How
bitter
her
life
is！But
the
old
lady
often
others
with
a
smile.
it
snows，she
is
always
the
first
to
clean
the
paths.She
looks
after
several
children
living
nearby.I
am
one
of
.I
often
remember
the
stories
she
told
us
and
her
kind
smile.Perhaps
she
is
，but
I
think
she
is
a
happy
person.Her
life
full
of
laughter
and
love.
1．on
earth“究竟”＝in
the
world，为固定短语。
2．definition是名词，需要形容词修饰。
3．live是不及物动词，应加介词in，表示“住在……”。
4．分析句子结构可知，主语是her
husband
and
her
son两个人，谓语部分be的过去时须用were。
5．主语the
old
lady为第三人称单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。
6．根据从句的谓语动词snow判断应是“无论何时”，用Whenever。
7．应用them指代前文提到的children。
8．tell
sb.a
story“给某人讲故事”。
9．根据前文内容可知此处应意为“不幸的”。
10．主语her
life为第三人称单数，系动词须用is。