2017版【高考一本解决方案】高考英语(新课标版)考纲专题解读+考点题组训练(word+pdf)专题十 语法填空 (2份打包)

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名称 2017版【高考一本解决方案】高考英语(新课标版)考纲专题解读+考点题组训练(word+pdf)专题十 语法填空 (2份打包)
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版本资源 通用版
科目 英语
更新时间 2016-11-09 20:08:27

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(2016·新课标Ⅰ)
Chengdu
has
dozens
of
new
millionaires,Asia's
biggest
building,and
fancy
new
hotels.But
for
tourists
like
me,pandas
are
its
top
__1__(attract).
So
it
was
a
great
honour
to
be
invited
backstage
at
the
not for profit
Panda
Base,where
ticket
money
helps
pay
for
research.I
__2__(allow)to
get
up
close
to
these
cute
animals
at
the
600 acre
centre.From
tomorrow,I
will
be
their
UK
ambassador.The
title
will
be
__3__(official)given
to
me
at
a
ceremony
in
London.But
my
connection
with
pandas
goes
back
__4__
my
days
on
a
TV
show
in
the
mid 1980s,__5__
I
was
the
first
Western
TV
reporter
__6__(permit)to
film
a
special
unit
caring
for
pandas
rescued
from
starvation
in
the
wild.My
ambassadorial
duties
will
include
__7__(introduce)British
visitors
to
the
120 plus
pandas
at
Chengdu
and
others
at
a
research
centre
in
the
misty
mountains
of
Bifengxia.
On
my
recent
visit,I
held
a
lively
three month old
twin
that
had
been
rejected
by
__8__(it)mother.The
nursery
team
switches
him
every
few
__9__(day)with
his
sister
so
that
while
one
is
being
bottle fed,__10__
other
is
with
mum—she
never
suspects.
1.attraction 句意:但是对于像我一样的游客,大熊猫是最大的吸引。形容词top“头等的;最重要的”后面跟名词形式。
2.was
allowed 由语境可知作者被允许接近这些动物。故用一般过去时的被动语态。
3.officially 句意:这个头衔会在伦敦的典礼上正式地授予我。修饰动词应用副词形式。
4.to go
back
to“回到”,固定短语。
5.when 先行词the
mid 1980s在定语从句中作时间状语,故应用when引导定语从句。
6.permitted TV
reporter和permit之间是被动关系,用过去分词作后置定语。
7.introducing include为及物动词,后面应用动名词形式作宾语。
8.its 由后面的mother可知,此处应用形容词性物主代词its表示所属关系。
9.days every
few
days“每隔几天”。
10.the one...the
other...“一个……另一个……”。
(2016·新课标Ⅱ)
If
you
feel
stressed
by
responsibilities
at
work,you
should
take
a
step
back
and
identify(识别)those
of
__1__(great)and
less
importance.Then,handle
the
most
important
tasks
first
so
you'll
feel
a
real
sense
of
__2__(achieve).Leaving
the
less
important
things
until
tomorrow
__3__(be)often
acceptable.
Most
of
us
are
more
focused
__4__
our
tasks
in
the
morning
than
we
are
later
in
the
day.So,get
an
early
start
and
try
to
be
as
productive
__5__
possible
before
lunch.This
will
give
you
the
confidence
you
need
to
get
you
through
the
afternoon
and
go
home
feeling
accomplished.
Recent
__6__(study)show
that
we
are
far
more
productive
at
work
if
we
take
short
breaks
__7__(regular).Give
your
body
and
brain
a
rest
by
stepping
outside
for
__8__
while,exercising,or
doing
something
you
enjoy.
If
you
find
something
you
love
doing
outside
of
the
office,you'll
be
less
likely
__9__(bring)your
work
home.It
could
be
anything—gardening,cooking,music,sports—but
whatever
it
is,__10__(make)sure
it's
a
relief
from
daily
stress
rather
than
another
thing
to
worry
about.
1.greater 句意:如果你因为工作责任而感到有压力的话,那么你应该暂缓一下,识别哪些事情更重要,哪些不太重要。由and连接两个并列成分可知,great应与less并列,故用比较级greater。
2.achievement 句意:然后,首先处理最重要的任务,那么你会感到真正意义上的成就。介词of后应用名词作宾语。
3.is 句意:把不太重要的事情留到明天是可以接受的。分析句子结构可知,动名词短语Leaving
the
less
important
things
until
tomorrow作主语,故谓语动词用单数形式。
4.on 句意:我们大多数人在早晨时对任务的注意力要比晚些时候的注意力更集中。be
focused
on意为“集中于……”。
5.as 句意:(正是因为人们早晨的注意力更为集中,)所以我们要早上早早开始,在午饭之前尽可能地提高效率。短语as...as
possible“尽可能……”。
6.studies 句意:最近的研究显示如果我们有规律地进行短暂的休息的话,我们工作的效率会更高。study“研究”为可数名词,本句的谓语动词为show,说明主语应用名词复数studies。
7.regularly 形容词通常在句中作定语或表语。此处修饰动词短语take
short
breaks,需用副词。
8.a 句意:你可以先出去一会儿,通过锻炼或做些你喜欢的事情来让你的身体和大脑得到休息。for
a
while意为“一会儿”。
9.to
bring 句意:如果你在办公室外面发现了你喜欢做的事情,你就不太可能把工作带回家去做。be
likely
to
do
sth.“可能做某事”。
10.make 句意:它可以是园艺、烹饪、音乐、运动等任何事情,务必保证它是让你释放压力而不是让你担忧的事。句中动词短语make
sure置于句首,构成祈使句,故填动词原形。
(2016·新课标Ⅲ)
In
much
of
Asia,especially
the
so called
“rice
bowl”
cultures
of
China,Japan,Korea,__1__
Vietnam,food
is
usually
eaten
with
chopsticks.
Chopsticks
are
usually
two
long,thin
pieces
of
wood
or
bamboo.They
can
also
be
made
of
plastic,animal
bone
or
metal.Sometimes
chopsticks
are
quite
artistic.Truly
elegant
chopsticks
might
__2__(make)of
gold
and
silver
with
Chinese
characters.Skilled
workers
also
combine
various
hardwoods
and
metal
__3__(create)special
designs.
The
Chinese
have
used
chopsticks
for
five
thousand
years.People
probably
cooked
their
food
in
large
pots,__4__(use)twigs(树枝)to
remove
it.Over
time,__5__
the
population
grew,people
began
cutting
food
into
small
pieces
so
it
would
cook
more
quickly.
Food
in
small
pieces
could
be
eaten
easily
with
twigs
which
__6__(gradual)turned
into
chopsticks.
Some
people
think
that
the
great
Chinese
scholar
Confucius,__7__
lived
from
roughly
551
to
479
B.C.,influenced
the
__8__(develop)of
chopsticks.Confucius
believed
knives
would
remind
people
of
killings
and
__9__(be)too
violent
for
use
at
the
table.
Chopsticks
are
not
used
everywhere
in
Asia.In
India,for
example,most
people
traditionally
eat
__10__
their
hands.
1.and 句意:在亚洲的大部分国家,特别是中国、日本、韩国和越南这些所谓的“饭碗”文化中,人们通常用筷子吃饭。此处是并列关系,所以填and。
2.be
made make和chopsticks之间是动宾关系,应用被动语态,空格前有might,所以用be
made。
3.to
create 句意:有技术的工匠也把硬木和金属结合在一起制作特殊的图案。此处为动词不定式作目的状语。
4.using 句意:人们或许在大锅中做饭,用树枝把它弄出来。主语people与use之间为主动关系,故用现在分词作伴随状语。
5.as/when 句意:随着人口的增长,人们开始把食物切成小块,这样熟得更快。as/when引导时间状语从句。
6.gradually 句意:小块的食物用树枝更容易吃到,这样树枝就逐渐演变成了筷子。所填词修饰动词,所以用副词形式。
7.who 所填词引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中作主语,指人,所以填who。
8.development 根据空格前面的the可知,所填词应用名词形式。
9.were 主语是knives,讲述的是过去的事情,所以用were。
10.with 句意:例如在印度,大部分的人传统上用手吃饭。with“用……”,符合句意。
(2016·四川)
The
giant
panda
__1__(love)by
people
throughout
the
world.Chinese
scientists
__2__(recent)had
a
chance
to
study
a
wild
female
panda
with
a
newborn
baby.She
was
a
very
__3__(care)mother.For
25
days,she
never
left
her
baby,not
even
to
find
something
__4__(eat)!She
would
not
let
any
other
pandas
come
near.She
licked
the
baby
constantly
to
keep
it
clean.Any
smell
might
attract
natural
__5__(enemy)that
would
try
to
eat
the
little
panda.The
mother
held
the
baby
in
her
front
paws
much
the
way
a
human
does.__6__
it
cried,she
rocked
it
back
and
forth
and
gave
it
little
comforting
pats.The
mother
continued
to
care
for
the
young
panda
__7__
more
than
two
years.By
that
time,the
panda
no
longer
needed
__8__(it)mother
for
food.However,it
stayed
with
her
and
learned
about
the
ways
of
the
forest.Then,after
two
and
a
half
years,the
mother
__9__(drive)the
young
panda
away.It
was
time
for
her
to
have
a
new
baby,__10__
it
was
also
time
for
the
young
panda
to
be
independent.
1.is
loved 句意:大熊猫被全世界人民所喜爱。主语the
giant
panda和动词love构成被动关系,故应用一般现在时的被动语态。
2.recently 句意:最近,中国的科学家有机会研究一只带着新出生熊猫宝宝的野生雌性大熊猫。在句中作状语应用副词形式。
3.caring/careful 句意:她是一位非常体贴的/细心的妈妈。修饰名词应用形容词形式。caring“体贴的,关心他人的”和careful“细心的”均符合语境。
4.to
eat 句意:她25天都没有离开过她的孩子,甚至没找吃的东西。修饰不定代词something应用动词不定式作后置定语。
5.enemies 根据常识可知,此处表示“吸引自然界中的敌人”,故填可数名词enemy的复数形式。
6.When/If 句意:当它哭的时候,她来回摇晃它并且安慰地拍拍它。用when来引导时间状语从句;或用if引导条件状语从句,表示“如果它哭了……”。
7.for 句意:这位母亲持续照顾熊猫幼崽两年多。for后接一段时间作时间状语,表示“持续了一段时间”。
8.its 句意:到那时,这只熊猫不再需要它的母亲来寻找食物。此处用形容词性物主代词its修饰mother。
9.drove 句意:然后,两年半之后这位母亲赶走了熊猫宝宝。根据上下文和句意可知,应用一般过去时。
10.and 根据句意可知,前后句为顺承关系,故用and连接。
INCLUDEPICTURE
"../../../经典回顾.tif"
\
MERGEFORMAT
(2015·新课标Ⅰ)
Yangshuo,China
It
was
raining
lightly
when
I
__1__(arrive)in
Yangshuo
just
before
dawn.But
I
didn't
care.A
few
hours
__2__,I'd
been
at
home
in
Hong
Kong,with
__3__(it)choking
smog.Here,the
air
was
clean
and
fresh,even
with
the
rain.
I'd
skipped
nearby
Guilin,a
dream
place
for
tourists
seeking
the
limestone
mountain
tops
and
dark
waters
of
the
Li
River
__4__
are
pictured
by
artists
in
so
many
Chinese
__5__(painting).Instead,I'd
headed
straight
for
Yangshuo.For
those
who
fly
to
Guilin,it's
only
an
hour
away
__6__
car
and
offers
all
the
scenery
of
the
better known
city.
Yangshuo
__7__(be)really
beautiful.A
study
of
travelers
__8__(conduct)by
the
website
TripAdvisor
names
Yangshuo
as
one
of
the
top
10
destinations
in
the
world.And
the
town
is
fast
becoming
a
popular
weekend
destination
for
people
in
Asia.Abercrombie
&
Kent,a
travel
company
in
Hong
Kong,says
it
__9__(regular)arranges
quick
getaways
here
for
people
__10__(live)in
Shanghai
and
Hong
Kong.
1.arrived 由上一句的“It
was
raining
lightly”和后一句的“But
I
didn't
care.”可知,这里应该使用一般过去时态。
2.before/earlier 根据句意和前后文可知,“几个小时前,我待在香港的家里”。
3.its 因为smog是名词,所以此处需要用形容词性物主代词来修饰。
4.that/which 因为先行词mountain
tops
and
dark
waters指物,且在定语从句中作主语,所以用that或which引导。
5.paintings 所填词由many修饰,所以这里使用名词的复数paintings。
6.by 乘坐交通工具常用介词by来表示,如by
bike,by
bus等。
7.is 根据后文的时态可知这里使用一般现在时,又因为Yangshuo是单数,所以这里使用is。
8.conducted study和conduct之间是被动关系,所以用过去分词作定语。
9.regularly 此处需要一个副词修饰动词arrange。
10.living people
和live之间是主动关系,故用现在分词形式作定语。
(2015·新课标Ⅱ)
The
adobe
dwellings(土坯房)__1__(build)by
the
Pueblo
Indians
of
the
American
Southwest
are
admired
by
even
__2__
most
modern
of
architects
and
engineers.In
addition
to
their
simple
beauty,what
makes
the
adobe
dwellings
admirable
is
their
__3__(able)to
“air
condition”
a
house
without
__4__(use)electric
equipment.Walls
made
of
adobe
take
in
the
heat
from
the
sun
on
hot
days
and
give
out
that
heat
__5__(slow)during
cool
nights,thus
warming
the
house.When
a
new
day
breaks,the
walls
have
given
up
their
heat
and
are
now
cold
enough
__6__(cool)the
house
during
the
hot
day:
__7__
the
same
time,they
warm
up
again
for
the
night.This
cycle
__8__(go)day
after
day:
The
walls
warm
up
during
the
day
and
cool
off
during
the
night
and
are
thus
always
a
timely
offset(抵消)for
the
outside
temperatures.As
__9__(nature)architects,the
Pueblo
Indians
figured
out
exactly
__10__
thick
the
adobe
walls
needed
to
be
to
make
the
cycle
work
on
most
days.
1.built the
adobe
dwellings与build之间是被动关系,故用过去分词作后置定语。
2.the 形容词最高级前用定冠词the,意为“最……的”。
3.ability 根据前面的物主代词their可知后面应该用名词,故应用able的名词形式ability。
4.using 前面是介词without,介词后面应该接名词或动名词,而use后面带有宾语,故应用using。
5.slowly 修饰give
out要用副词。
6.to
cool 根据句式结构“主语+系动词+形容词+to
do”可知填to
cool。
7.at at
the
same
time
“与此同时”。
8.goes 根据主语this
cycle并结合文章时态可知,应用一般现在时的第三人称单数goes。
9.natural 用形容词修饰名词作定语,natural“自然的”。
10.how 此处用how表示“多么”,其后为形容词,它们一起引导宾语从句。
(2015·广东)
Mr.Johnson
lived
in
the
woods
with
his
wife
and
children.He
owned
__1__
farm,which
looked
almost
abandoned.__2__(lucky),he
also
had
a
cow
which
produced
milk
every
day.He
sold
or
exchanged
some
of
the
milk
in
the
towns
nearby
__3__
other
food
and
made
cheese
and
butter
for
the
family
with
what
__4__(leave).The
cow
was
their
only
means
of
support,in
fact.One
day,the
cow
was
eating
grass
__5__
it
began
to
rain
heavily.While
making
great
efforts
to
run
away,she
__6__(fall)over
the
hill
and
died.Then
the
Johnsons
had
to
make
a
living
__7__
the
cow.In
order
to
support
his
family,Mr.Johnson
began
to
plant
herbs
and
vegetables.Since
the
plants
took
a
while
to
grow,he
started
cutting
down
trees
__8__(sell)the
wood.Thinking
about
his
children's
clothes,he
started
growing
cotton
too.When
harvest
came
around,he
was
already
selling
herbs,vegetables
and
cotton
in
the
market
__9__
people
from
the
towns
met
regularly.Now
it
occurred
to
__10__
that
his
farm
had
much
potential
and
that
the
death
of
the
cow
was
a
bit
of
luck.
1.a 此处泛指“一个农场”,所以用不定冠词a。
2.Luckily 分析句子结构可知,这里是修饰整个句子,所以要用副词形式。
3.for exchange
sth.for
sth.“用……交换……”,为固定搭配。
4.was
left 分析句子结构可知,what引导宾语从句,结合句意可知,这里要用一般过去时第三人称单数的被动语态。
5.when be
doing
sth.when...“正在做某事,这时……”,when相当于at
the
time
that。
6.fell 短文描述的是过去的事情,全文都用一般过去时,所以这里也用一般过去时。
7.without 根据前文的内容可知,约翰逊先生的奶牛在慌忙躲雨的时候不小心摔死了,他要靠种植药草和蔬菜来谋生了。
8.to
sell 分析句子结构并结合句意可知,这里要用不定式作目的状语。
9.where 分析句子结构可知,这是一个定语从句,而且从句中缺少地点状语,所以用where引导,修饰先行词the
market。
10.him It
occurred
to
sb.that...“某人突然发现……”,结合文章讲述的是约翰逊先生可知,此处应填him。
(2014·新课标Ⅰ)
Are
you
facing
a
situation
that
looks
impossible
to
fix
In
1969,the
pollution
was
terrible
along
the
Cuyahoga
River
near
Cleveland,Ohio.It
__1__(be)unimaginable
that
it
could
ever
be
cleaned
up.The
river
was
so
polluted
that
it
__2__(actual)caught
fire
and
burned.Now,years
later,this
river
is
one
of
__3__
most
outstanding
examples
of
environmental
clean
up.
But
the
river
wasn't
changed
in
a
few
days
__4__
even
a
few
months.It
took
years
of
work
__5__(reduce)the
industrial
pollution
and
clean
the
water.Finally,that
hard
work
paid
off
and
now
the
water
in
the
river
is
__6__(clean)than
ever.
Maybe
you
are
facing
an
impossible
situation.Maybe
you
have
a
habit
__7__
is
driving
your
family
crazy.Possibly
you
drink
too
much
or
don't
know
how
to
control
your
credit
card
use.When
you
face
such
an
impossible
situation,don't
you
want
a
quick
fix
and
something
to
change
immediately
While
there
are
__8__(amaze)
stories
of
instant
transformation,for
most
of
us
the
__9__(change)are
gradual
and
require
a
lot
of
effort
and
work,like
cleaning
up
a
polluted
river.Just
be
__10__(patience).
1.was 由于此处描述的是过去的事情,故用一般过去时。
2.actually 该词在句中说明谓语动词的情况,故用副词形式来修饰。
3.the 句中one
of
the
most...是“最……之一”的意思,是形容词的最高级形式。
4.or 此处填or表示a
few
days和even
a
few
months的并列关系,但表示选择范围。
5.to
reduce 根据句型it
takes
some
time
to
do
sth.可知此处需要用不定式。
6.cleaner 
than暗示本句表示比较意义,故用clean的比较级cleaner。
7.which/that 先行词为指物的habit,故此处用which或that引导定语从句,并在从句中作主语。
8.amazing 该空应填形容词amazing来修饰后面的stories,表示本身的性质特征。
9.changes 由后面的谓语动词are可判断用change的复数形式。
10.patient 此处用形容词作系动词be的表语。
(2014·新课标Ⅱ)
One
morning,I
was
waiting
at
the
bus
stop,worried
about__1__(be)late
for
school.There
were
many
people
waiting
at
the
bus
stop.__2__some
of
them
looked
very
anxious
and
__3__(disappoint).When
the
bus
finally
came,we
all
hurried
on
board.I
got
a
place
next__4__the
window,so
I
had
a
good
view
of
the
sidewalk.A
boy
on
a
bike__5__(catch)my
attention.He
was
riding
beside
the
bus
and
waving
his
arms.I
heard
a
passenger
behind
me
shouting
to
the
driver,but
he
refused__6__(stop)until
we
reached
the
next
stop.Still,the
boy
kept__7__(ride).He
was
carrying
something
over
his
shoulder
and
shouting.Finally,when
we
came
to
the
next
stop,the
boy
ran
up
to
the
door
of
the
bus.I
heard
an
excited
conversation.Then
the
driver
stood
up
and
asked,“__8__
anyone
lose
a
suitcase
at
the
last
stop?”
A
woman
on
the
bus
shouted,“Oh
dear!It's__9__(I).”
She
pushed
her
way
to
the
driver
and
took
the
suitcase
thankfully.Everyone
on
the
bus
began
talking
about
what
the
boy
had
done,and
the
crowd
of
strangers
__10__(sudden)became
friendly
to
one
another.
1.being about为介词,后接动词 ing形式,故此处用being。
2.And 此处用
And起句意上的承接作用。
3.disappointed and连接两个并列成分,此处用disappointed“失望的”,强调人的主观感受,符合语境。
4.to next
to
the
window“靠近窗户”。
5.caught 事情发生在过去,故用一般过去时。
6.to
stop refuse
to
do
sth.“拒绝做某事”。
7.riding keep
doing
sth.“继续做某事”,故此处填riding。
8.Did 由后面的lose和本句是个疑问句可知,此处需填助动词,结合时态用Did。
9.me/mine 结合语境可知,此处表示“是我(的)”,故填me/mine。
10.suddenly 此处需用副词形式修饰后面的became。
(2014·辽宁)
Jonny:Hey!I'm
just
practicing
Tai
Chi(太极).Would
you
like
to
join
me
Peter:I
know
nothing
about
it.Is
it
difficult
Jonny:It
seems
easy,but
you
need
a
lot
of
practice.You
just
follow
me
like
this.
Peter:OK.Don't
laugh
__1__
me.I
may
look
funny.
Jonny:Bend
your
knees
slightly
and
reach
out
your
arms
like
tree
branches,naturally
and
__2__(soft).Try
to
keep
your
body
straight.Move
slowly,then
be
sure
to
keep
your
balance
and
don't
let
your
body
shake.
Peter:I
cannot
control
my
body
well.My
legs
become
__3__(pain).
Jonny:Keep
__4__(hold)your
position
for
a
while.It
helps
develop
your
strength
and
flexibility.Raise
your
leg
and
let
__5__
stay
in
the
air
for
seconds.
Peter:I
feel
my
legs
shaking.I
cannot
do
this
any
longer.
Jonny:Be
patient!Tai
Chi
__6__(call)“shadow
boxing”
in
English.It
asks
you
to
act
like
water:to
be
flexible
as
well
__7__
strong.In
real
competition,a
Tai
Chi
master
borrows
the
strength
of
the
competitor
and
uses
this
energy
to
fight
back.The
__8__(hard)you
try
to
beat
him,the
more
likely
you
will
get
hit.He
controls
you!
Peter:Unbelievable!Oh...,__9__
you
don't
mind,I'll
stop
and
take
a
deep
__10__.
1.at laugh
at
sb.“嘲笑某人”。
2.softly and连接并列成分,前面是naturally,所以后面用softly。
3.painful become后接形容词,构成系表结构,故用painful。
4.holding keep
doing
sth.“持续/一直在做某事”。
5.it 用it指代your
leg。此外,上一句也有直接的暗示。
6.is
called Tai
Chi是句子的主语,此处表示被动,故用is
called。
7.as as
well
as连接并列形容词(flexible与strong)。
8.harder 此处为“the+比较级……,the+比较级……”结构。
9.if “如果你不介意的话”,表示条件。
10.breath take
a
deep
breath“深呼吸”。
(2014·广东)
Last
year,my
brother
and
I
went
to
Miami
for
a
vacation.Some
of
my
friends
who
had
been
there
before
said
__1__
was
a
wonderful
holiday
destination.Before
we
went,we
had
planned
for
months.When
the
day
came,we
were
ready.
After
our
plane
landed,we
went
to
the
hotel.We
had
made
our
reservation
six
months
__2__(early),but
the
man
at
the
front
desk
said
there
had
been
a
mistake.We
__3__(tell)that
our
rooms
hadn't
been
reserved
for
that
week,__4__
for
the
week
after.I
didn't
understand
__5__
this
would
happen
and
my
credit
card
had
already
been
charged
__6__
the
reservation.What's
worse,the
hotel
had
been
fully
booked.When
we
were
wondering
what
to
do,the
manager
came
out.She
was
__7__(surprise)helpful.She
apologized
for
the
mistake
and
gave
us
a
spare
VIP
room
on
__8__
top
floor.We
had
never
stayed
in
such
an
amazing
room,and
we
weren't
charged
extra.
The
next
day,my
brother
and
I
went
to
the
beach
__9__
we
watched
some
people
play
volleyball.We
got
a
little
__10__(sunburn),but
the
day
had
been
so
relaxing
that
we
didn't
mind.
1.it 分析句子结构可知,这是指前面的Miami(迈阿密),所以用指示代词it。
2.earlier 根据上文的six
months可知,这里是说他们六个月前就预定了房间,所以这里用early的比较级。
3.were
told 根据上下文的内容可知,这里的tell与主语we是动宾关系,应该用一般过去时的被动语态。
4.but 分析句子结构可知,这里是not...but...“不是……而是……”的搭配。
5.why 此处是宾语从句,根据上下文的内容可知,解释原因,所以用why。
6.for charge...for“要价;收费”是固定搭配。
7.surprisingly 分析句子结构可知,此处修饰后面的形容词helpful,所以要用副词形式。
8.the 分析句子结构可知,此处特指顶层的VIP房间,所以用定冠词。
9.where 修饰beach,并在定语从句中作地点状语,所以用where引导。
10.sunburnt/sunburned 充当表语,而且主语是人,所以用动词的 ed形式。
(2013·广东)
One
day,Nick
invited
his
friends
to
supper.He
was
cooking
some
delicious
food
in
the
kitchen.Suddenly,he__1__(find)that
he
had
run
out
of
salt.So
Nick
called
to
his
son,“Go
to
the
village
and
buy
some
salt,but
pay
a
fair
price
for
it:neither
too
much__2__too
little.”
His
son
looked
surprised.“I
can
understand
why
I
shouldn't
pay
too
much,Father,but
if
I
can
pay
less,__3__not
save
a
bit
of
money?”
“That
would
be
a
very__4__(reason)thing
to
do
in
a
big
city,but
it
could
destroy
a
small
village
like
ours,”
Nick
said.
Nick's
guests,__5__had
heard
their
conversation,asked
why
they
should
not
buy
salt
more
cheaply
if
they
could.Nick
replied,“The
only
reason
a
man
would
sell
salt__6__a
lower
price
would
be
because
he
was
desperate
for
money.And
anyone
who
took
advantage
of
that
situation
would
be
showing
a
lack
of
respect__7__the
sweat
and
struggle
of
the
man
who
worked
very
hard
to
produce
it.”
“But
such
a
small
thing
couldn't__8__(possible)destroy
a
village.”
“In
the
beginning,there
was
only__9__very
small
amount
of
unfairness
in
the
world,but
everyone
added
a
little,always__10__(think)that
it
was
only
small
and
not
very
important,and
look
where
we
have
ended
up
today.”
1.found 在主格人称代词he后应为谓语动词,由语境可知用一般过去时。
2.nor neither...nor...“既不……也不……”。
3.why Why
not
do
sth.?“为何不做某事?”,是固定句式。
4.reasonable 在名词前作定语要用形容词。
5.who 所填词引导非限制性定语从句,并在从句中作主语,先行词指人,故填who。
6.at 固定搭配at
a
lower
price“以较低价格”。
7.for 固定搭配show
respect
for“对……表示尊重”。
8.possibly 修饰动词且在句中作状语,用副词。
9.a a
small
amount
of“少量的”,是固定搭配。
10.thinking 句中已有谓语动词,此处应用非谓语动词形式,everyone与think是主动关系,故用现在分词作伴随状语。
(2012·广东)
Mary
will
never
forget
the
first
time
she
saw
him.He
suddenly
appeared
in
class
one
day,__1__(wear)sunglasses.He
walked
in
as
if
he__2__(buy)the
school.And
the
word
quickly
got
around
that
he
was
from
New
York
City.
For
some
reason
he
sat
beside
Mary.Mary
felt__3__(please),because
there
were
many
empty
seats
in
the
room.But
she
quickly
realized
that
it
wasn't
her,it
was
probably
the
fact
that
she
sat
in__4__last
row.
__5__he
thought
he
could
escape
attention
by
sitting
at
the
back,he
was
wrong.It
might
have
made
it
a
little__6__(hard)for
everybody
because
it
meant
they
had
to
turn
around,but
that
didn't
stop
the
kids
in
the
class.Of
course
whenever
they
turned
to
look
at
him,they
had
to
look
at
Mary,__7__made
her
feel
like
a
star.
“Do
you
need
those
glasses
for
medical
reasons?”the
teacher
asked.The
new
boy
shook
his
head.“Then
I'd
appreciate
it
if
you
didn't
wear
them
in
class.I
like
to
look
at
your
eyes
when
I'm
speaking
to
you.”
The
new
boy
looked
at
the
teacher__8__a
few
seconds
and
all
the
other
students
wondered__9__the
boy
would
do.Then
he
took__10__off,gave
a
big
smile
and
said,“That's
cool.”
1.wearing 句子已有谓语动词appeared,应用非谓语动词,作状语,表示伴随情况;又因he与wear是主动关系,故用现在分词形式。
2.had
bought 此处为虚拟语气,与过去事实相反,故填had
bought。
3.pleased 在系动词feel后作表语,用形容词,表示“高兴的”。
4.the 表示顺序的词前用定冠词。
5.If 根据两句之间的逻辑关系,应填表示条件的if。意为“要是他认为坐在后排就可以逃避老师的注意,那他就错了”。
6.harder 所给的词为形容词,在句中作宾补,句中的a
little表示程度,需要修饰比较级harder,表示“更难一点”。
7.which 所填词引导非限制性定语从句,并在从句中作主语,指代前面整个句子,故用which。
8.for 表示某个动作或状态延续了多久,用“for+时间段”。
9.what 引导宾语从句并在从句中作do的宾语,故用连接代词what。
10.them 代替上文提到的眼镜,作take
off的宾语,用宾格形式。
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考法1
有提示词
1.提示词是动词
首先,判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词,然后按照以下两点进行思考:
(1)若句子没有别的谓语动词,或者虽然已有谓语动词,但所填的动词与之是并列关系时,所给动词在句子中作谓语,就要考虑时态和语态。有时也要根据语境判断是否要变成名词或否定含义。
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(2015·新课标Ⅰ)It
was
raining
lightly
when
I
______(arrive)in
Yangshuo
just
before
dawn.But
I
didn't
care.
【解析】 arrived 句意:黄昏前到达阳朔时正下着小雨,但是我不在意。由后句
“But
I
didn't
care.”
可知本句是叙述过去的事情,应用一般过去时。
(2)若句中已有谓语动词,且所给动词也不是作并列谓语时,要填的词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定是v. ing形式,v. ed形式还是不定式。确定的方法主要有:作主语或宾语,通常用v. ing形式表示习惯或一般情况,用不定式表示具体情况;作目的状语或在形容词后作状语,一般用不定式;作伴随状语,通常用分词,若与逻辑主语是主动关系,用现在分词(v. ing),若是被动关系,用过去分词(v. ed)。
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(2015·新课标Ⅰ)A
study
of
travelers
______(conduct)by
the
website
TripAdvisor
names
Yangshuo
as
one
of
the
top
10
destinations
in
the
world.
【解析】 conducted 句意:由旅行顾问网站进行的对旅游者的研究将阳朔命名为世界上前十位的旅游目的地之一。分析句子成分可知,本句谓语动词为names,所以空格处应为非谓语动词形式。因为study和conduct之间是被动关系,所以使用过去分词作定语。
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(2014·新课标Ⅱ)I
heard
a
passenger
behind
me
shouting
to
the
driver,but
he
refused________(stop)until
we
reached
the
next
stop.
【解析】 to
stop 前面谓语是refused,因此句中不缺少谓语,需要考虑非谓语动词。固定搭配refuse
to
do
sth.“拒绝做某事”。
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(2014·新课标Ⅱ)Still,the
boy
kept________(ride).
【解析】 riding 这句话有谓语kept,因此考虑非谓语动词的形式。此处要表达“但是这个男孩一直骑车追着公交车”。keep
doing
sth.“不停地做某事”符合语境。
2.提示词是形容词或副词
如果括号内提供的是形容词或副词,一种情况是考查词性的转换,如形容词与副词之间的转换、形容词或副词与名词、动词等之间的转换;另一种情况是考查比较等级,一般有表示范围的介词短语in/of...、定语从句或空格前有the时,要用最高级;than的前面一定要用比较级。
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(2015·新课标Ⅱ)Walls
made
of
adobe
take
in
the
heat
from
the
sun
on
hot
days
and
give
out
that
heat
______(slow)during
cool
nights,thus
warming
the
house.
【解析】 slowly 句意:土坯的墙壁在热天能够吸收来自太阳的热量,并在寒冷的夜晚慢慢释放出那些热量,从而温暖房间。修饰动词短语give
out要用副词。
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(2014·新课标Ⅰ)The
river
was
so
polluted
that
it
________(actual)caught
fire
and
burned.
【解析】 actually 本句中使用副词actually作状语修饰谓语caught
fire。
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(2014·新课标Ⅰ)Finally,that
hard
work
paid
off
and
now
the
water
in
the
river
is________(clean)than
ever.
【解析】 cleaner 句意:最后人们的努力得到了回报,现在这条河里的水比以前更干净了。空格后面有than,说明此处表示比较,故应该使用形容词的比较级形式。
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(2014·辽宁)In
real
competition,a
Tai
Chi
master
borrows
the
strength
of
the
competitor
and
uses
this
energy
to
fight
back.The________(hard)you
try
to
beat
him,the
more
likely
you
will
get
hit.He
controls
you!
【解析】 harder 句意:在真正的比赛中,一个太极大师借对手之力并还击。你越用力击打他,你越可能被击中,他能够控制你。“the+比较级...,the+比较级...”表示“越……就越……”。根据本句语境及结构要求,应填harder。
3.提示词是名词
如果给出的提示词是名词,一种情况是考查词形变化,词性不变,如变成名词复数形式、名词所有格等;另一种情况是考查名词与其他词类的转化,如转化成形容词、副词等。
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(2014·新课标Ⅰ)While
there
are
amazing
stories
of
instant
transformation,for
most
of
us
the________(change)are
gradual
and
require
a
lot
of
effort
and
work,like
cleaning
up
a
polluted
river.
【解析】 changes 分析句子结构可知,此处需填句子主语,由后面的谓语动词are可知主语应该是一个复数形式的名词,所以使用changes。
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(2014·新课标Ⅰ)While
there
are
amazing
stories
of
instant
transformation,for
most
of
us
the
changes
are
gradual
and
require
a
lot
of
effort
and
work,like
cleaning
up
a
polluted
river.Just
be________(patience).
【解析】 patient 空格前面有系动词be,说明本句是一个含系表结构的祈使句,表语应用形容词形式。
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考法2
无提示词
纯空格填空题主要是填冠词、介词、代词、并列连词、引导词(引导状语从句、名词性从句及定语从句等的词)、助动词、情态动词和固定搭配等(备注:近几年的全国新课标卷主要考查的是冠词、介词、代词和连词,包括并列连词和从属连词)。解答此类问题,考生需认真分析句子结构,根据句子所缺成分判断填哪类词,同时还要结合句意,分析句与句之间的逻辑关系,综合判断。
1.填冠词
如果空格后有名词(短语),而且二者搭配在一起表示泛指或特指含义,或者有序数词、最高级、表示特指意义的比较级等形式,那么空格处一般是填冠词。
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(2014·新课标Ⅰ)Now,years
later,this
river
is
one
of
________
most
outstanding
examples
of
environmental
cleanup.
【解析】 the 本句空格后面的most是形容词的最高级形式,在前面填定冠词the。
2.填介词
判断空格处是否需要一个介词通常是根据介词与名词、动词、形容词等的固定搭配,如
access
to,devote
to,benefit
from,stop/keep/prevent
sb.from
doing,be
aware
of,be
tired
of/from等;或者空格后有作其宾语的名词,二者一起构成介词短语,在句子中作定语、状语、补语等成分,如on
sale,to
one's
surprise,in
silence等。
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(2015·新课标Ⅰ)For
those
who
fly
to
Guilin,it's
only
an
hour
away
______
car
and
offers
all
the
scenery
of
the
better known
city.
【解析】 by 句意:对于那些飞往桂林的人来说,开车只需要一个小时的路程……。乘坐交通工具常用by加可数名词的单数形式,by
car“开车”。
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(2014·辽宁)OK.Don't
laugh________
me.I
may
look
funny.
【解析】 at laugh
at...“嘲笑……”;根据下面一句“I
may
look
funny.”可知此处表示先提醒对方不要嘲笑自己。
3.填代词
在简单句或并列复合句中,如果空格处所填的词是句子的主语、宾语、定语等成分,而且与前面曾经提到的人或物有指代关系,则要考虑人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、不定代词等。在简单句和并列句中,若句子缺少主语或宾语,一定是填代词。
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(2015·新课标Ⅰ)A
few
hours
before/earlier,I'd
been
at
home
in
Hong
Kong,with
__3__(it)choking
smog.
【解析】 its 句意:几小时之前,我待在香港的家,那儿有令人窒息的雾。因为smog是名词,所以需要一个形容词性物主代词修饰。
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(2014·辽宁)Keep
holding
your
position
for
a
while.It
helps
develop
your
strength
and
flexibility.Raise
your
leg
and
let________stay
in
the
air
for
seconds.
【解析】 it 这里用it指代上文提及的同一事物,即指前面的raise
your
leg中的your
leg。
4.填并列连词
空格处是否需要并列连词主要是通过观察句子结构确定。这种情况一般是空格前后是两个并列成分,如两个主谓结构完整的句子、词、短语等,而且并列的成分相互之间存在并列、转折、选择等关系。
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(2014·新课标Ⅱ)There
were
many
people
waiting
at
the
bus
stop.________some
of
them
looked
very
anxious
and
disappointed
when
the
bus
finally
came,we
all
hurried
on
board.
【解析】 And 根据句意可知上下文之间是顺承关系,故使用And连接上下文。
5.填引导词
引导词有从属连词、代词、副词、the
moment/minute/instant等几种,它们用来引导状语从句、名词性从句和定语从句。判断空格处是否填引导词,首先要看它引导的是哪一种从句。
(1)如果引导状语从句,一般要根据主从句之间的关系及引导词的意义判断,如表示“如果”用if,表示“直到”用until/till,表示“因为”用because/as/since等。
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(2015·广东)The
cow
was
their
only
means
of
support,in
fact.One
day,the
cow
was
eating
grass
________
it
began
to
rain
heavily.
【解析】 when 句意:一天,奶牛正在吃草,这时突然开始下起了大雨。分析句子结构可知,这里是固定句型:be
doing
sth.when...“正在做某事,这时……”,when相当于at
the
time
that。
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(2014·辽宁)Unbelievable!Oh...,________you
don't
mind,I'll
stop
and
take
a
deep
breath.
【解析】 if 句意:这真是难以置信!噢……,如果你不介意,我想停下来深呼吸一下。此处用if表条件。
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My
friends
walked
me
to
the
bus
and
waited
with
me________the
bus
arrived.
【解析】 until/till 空格前后都是句子且这两个句子之间没有关联词,应填关联词;由两句之间的逻辑关系可知,是“等到车来”,表示“直到”用until或者till,引导时间状语从句。
(2)如果引导名词性从句,主要是通过判断引导词在从句中是否作成分,如果作成分,具体作主语、宾语还是状语等;如果不作成分,是否有词汇意义。
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Also,you
can
view
the
people
you
judge
negatively
as
mirrors
to
show
you________you
are
not
accepting
about
yourself.
【解析】 what what引导宾语从句,在从句中作宾语,此处表示自己不接受自己的哪些方面。
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Soon,they
became
interested
in
different
types
of
machines
and
began
to
learn________the
machines
work.
【解析】 how 分析句子结构可知,宾语从句中work为不及物动词,结合句意可知缺少表示方式的引导词,应填how。
(3)如果引导定语从句,首先要判断引导词在从句中作主语、宾语还是状语,然后再通过先行词指人、指物,还是表示时间、地点、原因再做出最后的决定。解题方法:联系上下文找关系。
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(2015·新课标Ⅰ)I'd
skipped
nearby
Guilin,a
dream
place
for
tourists
seeking
the
limestone
mountain
tops
and
dark
waters
of
the
Li
River
________
are
pictured
by
artists
in
so
many
Chinese
paintings.
【解析】 that/which 句意:我略过附近的桂林,一个游客们寻找石灰岩山顶和漓江黑水的理想的地点,它们被画家画到很多中国画中。因为先行词mountain
tops
and
dark
waters指物,且在定语从句中作主语,所以用that或which引导。
6.填助动词或情态动词
①填助动词主要是从语法角度考虑,如需要用来构成否定、疑问、强调、倒装、虚拟语气或反意疑问句等。
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I
________have
been
more
mistaken.I
mastered
the
skills
of
that
beginning
level
position
and
I
was
given
the
opportunity
to
move
up
through
the
company
into
different
positions.
【解析】 couldn't 从后一句判断,前一句应该是作者意识到自己的错误,表达了一种懊悔的心情,所以正确的答案是couldn't。
②填情态动词主要是从语境考虑,如表示非常有把握的肯定推测用must,表示责任与义务用should或ought
to,情态动词还可以表示禁止、允许、惊讶、过去的习惯等很多情况。
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I
was
addicted
in
all
three
ways,so
it
was
very
difficult
to
quit.But
I________finally
manage.
【解析】 did 此处did用在动词原形manage前加强语气。此句意思为“但是我最后确实戒了烟”。
7.填固定搭配、固定句型中的缺失词
固定搭配、固定句型及习惯用法属于比较简单的考点,主要靠平时学习中的积累,如pay
attention
to,make
up
one's
mind,make
a
choice/decision,make
contribution
to,play
a
part/role
in,lead/live
a...life等。
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(2014·辽宁)Unbelievable!Oh...,if
you
don't
mind,I'll
stop
and
take
a
deep________.
【解析】 breath 句意:……我想停下来深呼吸一下。take
a
breath“呼吸”。注意:同学们有可能看到take
a
而忽视后面的deep,认为这里是表示“休息一下”,从而填成错误的答案rest。
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He
repeatedly
had
told
her
she
would
have
fun
giving________his
money.
【解析】 away give
away
“赠送,赠予”为固定搭配。
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语法填空的题目虽然难度相对较大,考查范围较广,但是只要考生能够清楚地了解这类题目的命题特点和命题规律,掌握答题技巧,完全可以取得较为理想的成绩。在备考的过程中要有针对性地多加练习,并且及时总结经验,加强在语篇情境下的语言应用能力,以提高做语法填空题的正确率。
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(2016·江西南昌二中高三第三次考试)
As
an
exchange
student,Wei
Hua
studied
in
a
British
high
school
for
one
year.She
was
happy
__1__
the
school
hours
in
Britain
because
school
starts
around
9
a.m.and
ends
about
3:30
p.m.
On
the
first
day,all
the
new
students
__2__(attend)
an
assembly
in
the
school
hall.Wei
Hua
sat
next
to
a
girl
__3__
name
was
Diana.During
the
assembly,the
headmaster
told
the
students
that
the
best
way
to
earn
respect
was
to
devote
themselves
__4__
study
and
achieve
high
__5__(grade).
As
there
were
different
students
in
some
classes,__6__
was
a
struggle
for
Wei
Hua
to
remember
all
the
faces
and
names.Although
the
homework
was
not
as
heavy
as
__7__
she
used
to
get
in
her
old
school,it
was
a
bit
__8__(challenge)
for
her
at
first
because
all
the
homework
was
in
English.Luckily,all
her
teachers
gave
her
much
__9__(encourage).To
improve
her
English,Wei
Hua
used
English
every
day
and
spent
an
hour
each
day
__10__(read)
English
books
in
the
library.
In
a
word,studying
in
Britain
was
a
very
enjoyable
and
exciting
experience
for
Wei
Hua.
1.with be
happy
with为固定短语,意为“对……很满意”。
2.attended 分析句子结构可知,句中缺少谓语,由on
the
first
day可知需要用一般过去时。
3.whose whose引导了一个定语从句,修饰先行词a
girl并在定语从句中作定语。
4.to devote
oneself
to为固定搭配,意为“投身于,致力于”。
5.grades grade为可数名词,其名词复数为grades。
6.it 本题考查句型It
is+n.+for
sb.to
do
sth.,其中it为形式主语,真正的主语为不定式短语。
7.what 分析空格后面的句子成分可知,此处为从句,需要用连接词,结合上下文句意可知用what引导并在句中作及物动词get的宾语。
8.challenging a
bit修饰形容词,故此处用challenging意为“具有挑战性的”。
9.encouragement much修饰不可数名词,encourage的名词为encouragement。
10.reading spend
time(in)doing
sth.“花费时间做某事”,为固定搭配。
(2016·江西临川一中高三期中考试)
Last
Sunday
I
waited
in
line
to
see
my
hero,Jack
Canfield,__1__
author
of
The
Success
Principles.During
his
talk,Jack
reached
for
his
wallet,pulled
out
a
hundred dollar
bill
and
said,“Who
__2__(want)
it?”
The
audience
all
raised
their
hands,__3__(wait)
to
see
whom
Jack
would
choose.However,I
ran
to
the
stage
and
caught
the
bill.As
I
__4__(expose)
to
the
audience,I
wondered
__5__
I
would
be
teased
by
them.But
my
desire
for
the
money
was
louder
than
any
__6__(doubt)
voice.When
I
got
the
bill
from
his
hand,he
said,“That's
it!We
can't
wait
for
the
opportunities
to
come
to
us.We
must
take
action
to
seize
__7__
we
want.”
Usually
we
all
have
a
“Jack”
for
whom
we
wait.We
just
take
__8__
for
granted
that
gifts
of
life
are
just
around
the
corner,and
that
everything
will
come
__9__(nature).
So
we
don't
try.We
just
give
up.My
advice
is
that
all
of
us
should
take
the
chance
to
take
action,__10__
nothing
will
be
gained
at
last.
1.the 此处用定冠词the特指后面的The
Success
Principles的作者。
2.wants 直接引语暗示用一般现在时,而who为不定概念的某个人,故用wants。
3.waiting raised为句子的谓语动词,暗示后面需要用分词作伴随状语,wait与the
audience为主动关系,故用现在分词。
4.was
exposed expose
sb.to
sth.“使……暴露于……”为固定搭配,本处考查其被动用法,整篇文章为故事话题,故用一般过去时的被动语态。
5.whether/if wonder后跟if或whether引导宾语从句,意为“想知道是否……”。
6.doubtful 用形容词doubtful修饰名词voice。
7.what seize为及物动词,其后接宾语从句,而从句中缺少作及物动词want宾语的连接词,故填what。
8.it take
sth.for
granted为固定搭配,意为“视为当然”,that从句为真正的宾语对应形式宾语it。
9.naturally come为动词,需要用副词naturally来修饰。
10.or/otherwise 结合上下文句式和结构可知此处缺少一个连词连接,表示让步,意为“否则,要不然”,故用or或otherwise。
(2016·辽宁师大附中高三期中考试)
Waiting
for
the
airplane
to
take
off,I
was
happy
to
get
a
seat
by
myself.Just
then,__1__
air
hostess
approached
me
and
asked,“Would
you
mind
__2__(change)
your
seat?A
couple
would
like
to
sit
together.”
The
only
possible
seat
was
next
to
a
girl
with
her
arms
in
casts(石膏绷带),a
black and blue
face,and
a
sad
__3__(express).
“No
way
am
I
going
to
sit
there,”
I
thought
__4__(immediate).
But
a
soft
voice
spoke,“She
needs
help.”
Finally,I
decided
to
move
to
that
seat.
The
girl
was
named
Kathy.She
had
been
in
a
car
accident
and
now
was
__5__
her
way
for
treatment.
When
the
snack
and
juice
arrived,it
did
not
take
me
long
to
realize
__6__
Kathy
would
not
be
able
to
feed
herself.I
considered
__7__(offer)
to
feed
her
but
hesitated,as
it
seemed
too
impolite
to
offer
a
service
to
a
stranger.But
then
I
realized
that
Kathy's
need
was
more
important
than
my
discomfort.I
offered
to
help
her
eat,and
__8__
she
was
uncomfortable
to
accept,she
did
as
__9__
expected.We
became
closer
and
closer
in
a
short
period
of
time.By
the
end
of
the
five hour
trip,my
heart
had
warmed,and
the
time
was
really
better
spent
than
if
I
had
just
sat
by
myself.
Love
sometimes
flows
beyond
human
borders
and
removes
the
fears
that
keep
us
separate.When
we
offer
to
serve
another,we
grow
to
live
in
a
larger
and
__10__
rewarding
world.
1.an air
hostess为可数名词,泛指“一个空姐”,应用不定冠词,且air以元音音素开头,故填an。
2.changing Would
you
mind“你介意……吗”,其后接v. ing作宾语。
3.expression a
sad暗示其后为可数名词,结合词义可知用expression。
4.immediately 用副词immediately修饰动词thought。
5.on on
one's
way“在……的路上”,为固定短语。
6.that realize为及物动词,其后接一个宾语从句,因为句意完整故只能用that来引导。
7.offering consider表示“考虑”之意时,其后接v. ing作宾语。
8.though/although 分析前后句意可知此处表示让步关系,引导让步状语从句。
9.I 本句主语为I,对应本题as从句形成前后的一致性。
10.more 空前的a
larger及连词and暗示此处用形容词比较级,rewarding的比较级是在其前加more。
(2016·河北衡水二中高三期中考试)
A
CCTV
journalist
succeeded
in
arousing
a
heated
discussion
among
netizens
by
asking
people
whether
they
were
happy.The
responses
to
the
question
were
various,even
some
quite
funny
ones
__1__(include).Although
people
played
jokes
__2__
the
answers,it
did
not
take
long
__3__
they
began
to
figure
out
the
true
meanings
of
happiness.
It
is
certain
that
people's
views
on
happiness
__4__(affect)greatly
by
their
own
life
experience.Unfortunately,too
many
people
refer
to
being
rich
as
happiness
and
there
is
no
sign
of
__5__
decrease
in
the
number
of
those
who
are
voluntarily
at
the
mercy
of
wealth.Some
people
whose
__6__(intend)
is
to
make
big
money
appreciate
being
given
any
chance
to
multiply
their
income,believing
that
is
__7__
their
happiness
lies.Some
are
eager
to
inherit
their
parents'
property,especially
those
who
__8__(be)
known
as
silver spoon
kids.Even
worse,some
would
rather
break
the
law
to
satisfy
their
financial
desire
or
seek
their
fortune
__9__(legal).
In
my
opinion,happiness
is
not
about
pursuing
wealth
merely
but
about
admiring
the
beautiful
things
in
life.Therefore,live
your
life
__10__
the
fullest
and
be
happy.
1.included 所给的词include与前面的some
quite
funny
ones为动宾关系,在句中作后置定语,故用included。
2.on play
a
joke/jokes
on
sb./sth.意为“开某人/某事情的玩笑”。
3.before It
didn't
take
long
before为固定句型,意为“没多久就……”。
4.are
affected affect为及物动词,其后面的介词by暗示用被动语态,再兼顾时态和句子的主语people's
views可知答案为are
affected。
5.a 用不定冠词a表示“一种”之意,后接可数名词decrease。
6.intention whose在其引导的定语从句中作定语修饰其后的名词,intend的名词为intention。
7.where where引导表语从句,且在从句中作不及物动词lies的地点状语。
8.are 定语从句先行词those暗示其谓语用复数are。
9.illegally 此处用副词illegally修饰其前面的动词seek。
10.to to
the
full“充分地;完全地”,为固定短语。
(2016·云南玉溪高三期中考试)
Today,after
finishing
dinner
in
town,my
husband
and
I
were
driving
back
home.As
we
pulled
over,we
saw
a
neighbor
couple
painting
their
furniture.
I
went
inside
our
home,__1__(change)
and
then
went
back
out
again
to
ask
our
neighbors
if
they
needed
any
help.While
leaving
my
home,I
was
plagued(困扰)by
thoughts
of
__2__(embarrass),
denial,or
being
received.__3__,I
gathered
the
courage
to
go
down
and
ask
__4__,
anyway!
Initially,the
woman
denied.Then,the
man
said,“Sure,”
and
he
handed
me
a
spray
paint
bottle.We
got
into
some
good
conversations
__5__
painting
with
great
effort.When
we
finished,I
briefly
chatted
with
them
before
leaving.
In
the
end,not
only
__6__
I
enjoy
helping
them,but
also
I
learned
about
my
neighbors.__7__
the
way
home,I
must
admit,I
couldn't
help
but
wonder
__8__
they
might
be
thinking
about
me.__9__
is
tough
to
do
a
good
deed
for
others
and
not
expect
that
they
will
be
thinking
good
about
you.
Today's
experience
taught
me
some
__10__(value)
lessons
in
my
life!Hopefully,these
lessons
will
help
me
continue
my
acts
of
kindness
in
future.
1.changed 所给的动词和后面的and
then
went为先后发生的并列动作,故用一般过去时changed。
2.embarrassment 介词of后面接名词,该名词embarrassment为不可数名词。
3.However 根据上下文语境可知此处为转折关系,故用However。
4.them 
用them指代前面提到的our
neighbors。
5.when/while when/while表示“当……的时候”,符合语境。
6.did not
only放在句首且连接两个句子,其前面的部分用部分倒装的语序,结合but
also部分learned可知为一般过去时,故用did。
7.On
 on
one's
way
home“在某人回家的路上”为固定短语。
8.what 本句为wonder引导的宾语从句,从句中缺少指物的宾语,故用what。
9.It It为句子的形式主语,后面的动词不定式为句子真正的主语。
10.valuable 用形容词valuable修饰其后面的名词lessons。
(2016·山西师大附中高三期中考试)
As
an
old
English
saying
goes,“Honesty
is
the
best
policy.”
It
is
more
than
an
old
cliche(陈词滥调),but
__1__
good
way
to
live
your
life.
First,honesty
is
the
__2__(easy)
choice
that
we
can
make.When
people
get
caught
in
lies,it
always
costs
them
something.Many
relationships
are
destroyed
by
lies.
Second,honesty
gives
us
much
__3__(free).
Many
people
believe
that
being
honest
limits
them
in
life,but
that
is
not
true.Sooner
or
later
those
dishonest
people
__4__(pay)
a
price
for
their
acts;on
the
contrary,when
we
are
honest,we
are
__5__(true)
free.
If
there
were
two
people
__6__(stand)
before
you,a
person
with
a
record
of
being
honest
and
a
person
__7__
is
known
to
be
dishonest,who
would
you
be
more
likely
__8__(believe)?I'm
sure
most
people
would
side
with
the
honest
person.__9__
we
live
in
the
truth
or
we
live
in
lies.Truth
sets
us
free
and
lies
leave
us
in
nothing
but
more
troubles.Honesty
is
a
choice
that
we
make
each
day.The
choice
is
__10__(you).What
will
you
choose
1.a way为可数名词且在句中表泛指意义,故用不定冠词a修饰。
2.easiest 空处前面的the暗示出用最高级对应其后的定语从句语境范围。
3.freedom 
much修饰不可数名词,free的名词为freedom。
4.will
pay sooner
or
later暗示出该动作还没有发生,故用一般将来时。
5.truly 用副词truly修饰其后的形容词free。
6.standing people与stand之间为主谓关系,故用现在分词形式作后置定语。
7.who/that 先行词a
person指人时可用关系代词who或that引导定语从句。
8.to
believe be
likely
to
do
sth.为固定句型,意为“可能做某事”。
9.Either either...or...“或者……或者……”。
10.yours 主语the
choice指物,此处表达“这种选择是你的选择”。
(2015·河北石家庄高三一模)
Swedish
businessman
Nile
Bergqvist
is
delighted
with
his
new
hotel,the
world's
first
igloo(冰屋)hotel.
__1__(build)in
a
small
town,it
has
been
attracting
lots
of
visitors,but
soon
the
fun
will
be
over.In
two
weeks'
time
Bergqvist's
ice
creation
__2__(be)nothing
more
than
a
pool
of
water.“We
don't
see
it
as
a
big
problem,”
he
says.“We
just
look
forward
to
__3__(replace)it.”
Bergqvist
built
his
first
igloo
in
1991
for
an
art
exhibition.It
was
__4__
successful
that
he
designed
the
present
one,__5__
measures
roughly
200
square
meters.Six
workmen
spent
more
than
eight
weeks
__6__(pile)1,000
tons
of
snow
onto
a
wooden
base;when
the
snow
froze,the
base
__7__(remove).
After
their
stay,all
visitors
receive
a
survival
certificate
recording
their
success.With
no
windows,nowhere
__8__(hang)clothes
and
temperatures
below
0℃,it
may
seem
more
like
a
survival
test
__9__
a
relaxing
hotel
break.“It's
great
fun,”
Bergqvist
explains,“as
well
as
a
good
start
in
survival
training.”
The
popularity
of
the
igloo
is
beyond
doubt:
it
is
now
attracting
tourists
__10__
all
over
the
world.At
least
800
people
have
stayed
at
the
igloo
this
season
even
though
there
are
only
10
rooms.
1.Built 动词build和后面的句子主语it构成动宾关系,因此使用过去分词表被动,作状语。
2.will
be 根据前面的In
two
weeks'
time可知应用一般将来时。
3.replacing 结合前面的look
forward
to“期望”可知to为介词,故后接动名词replacing。
4.so 此处是一个固定结构so...that引导结果状语从句。
5.which 用which引导非限制性定语从句,which在定语从句中作主语。
6.piling spend
time(in)doing“花时间做……”是固定用法,故填piling。
7.was
removed 所给的remove为及物动词,结合上下文句意可知表示被动,此处表示基座被挪走,因此用was
removed。
8.to
hang 此处表示没有地方挂衣服,用不定式作定语。
9.than 结合前面的more可知,此处为more...than比较等级结构。
10.from 根据后面的all
over
the
world可知“是来自于全世界的人们”。
(2015·贵州贵阳第一中学高三月考)
It
was
__1__
quarter
past
nine
at
night
on
Mid Autumn
Festival,when
the
old
couple
had
had
the
reunion
dinner__2__(prepare)for
a
long
time.They
were
sitting
at
the
table
__3__(wait)for
their
son,daughter in law
and
their
lovely
grandchildren.__4__,they
had
not
come
yet.The
grandmother
stared
at
the
door
eagerly
and
the
grandfather
made
several
telephone
calls
but
could
not
get
__5__.
Are
they
__6__
busy
to
come
to
their
parents'
home
to
have
a
dinner
on
Mid Autumn
Festival
It
ought
to
be
a
happy
day
for
__7__(family)to
get
together.But
like
the
old
couple
above,today
many
old
people,__8__
also
need
love
and
care,are
ignored
by
their
children.There
is
__9__more
important
than
their
family's
__10__(happy)for
them.So
adults
should
try
their
best
to
spend
some
time
with
their
parents
and
comfort
their
lonely
hearts.
1.a 此处是固定用法,a
quarter
past
nine“九点一刻”。
2.prepared 结合语境,此处考查have
sth.done结构,故填prepared作宾补,表示被动。
3.waiting 此处用现在分词,作前面were
sitting的伴随状语。
4.However/Nevertheless 根据语境,此处表示转折的意思,且后面句子用逗号隔开。
5.through 由句意可知此处为get
through“接通电话”。
6.too 此处是一个固定结构。too...to...“太……而不能……”。
7.families 此处泛指所有的家人,family为可数名词,需要用其复数families。
8.who who引导非限制性定语从句,并在定语从句中作主语。
9.nothing 此处表示“没有什么比他们的家庭幸福更重要”。
10.happiness 此处位于名词所有格之后,应用名词形式。
(2015·河南周口中英文学校高三一模)
Today
I
received
a
sweet
letter
from
Brianna,one
of
my
“cookies”.It
was
__1__(wonder)to
hear
from
her.When
I
taught
in
kindergarten,I
called
__2__
my
sweet
children
“cookies”.Brianna
said
that
every
day
she
would
walk
into
kindergarten
and
see
__3__
smile
on
my
face.I
named
them
“cookies”
__4__
I
always
feel
that
children
can
bring
great
happiness
and
__5__(excite)to
my
life.I
still
feel
that
all
children
are
the
__6__(great)joy
I
could
ever
have.
So
far
I
__7__(adopt)and
taught
children
for
over
35
years.All
my
children
were
my
cookies
__8__
are
now
a
great
joy
of
my
life.__9__(hope),I
feel
much
fortunate
to
be
able
to
use
my
life's
talent
to
teach
children
and
have
fun
__10__(do)it
every
day.I
am
able
to
spread
my
wings
and
help
my
“cookies”
to
spread
their
wings.
1.wonderful 结合前面的系动词was可知后面用形容词作表语。
2.all 由后面的my
sweet
children可知此处是要表达“所有可爱的孩子”,故用all。
3.a 表示“我脸上的微笑”。smile为可数名词,如with
a
smile或with
smiles。
4.because because引导原因状语从句解释主句的原因。
5.excitement and连接前后两个名词故用excitement与前面的happiness并列。
6.greatest 根据语义及句中的the和ever可知,表示“我曾经拥有过的最大的快乐”。
7.have
adopted 根据前面的so
far可知,用现在完成时。
8.and 此处与前面的were
my
cookies并列,分别表示过去与现在的状态。
9.Hopefully 此处用副词,修饰整个句子,作状语。
10.doing have
fun
doing
sth.“做某事很快乐”,因此用doing。
(2015·河北石家庄高三教学质量检测)
A
long
time
ago,there
was
a
huge
apple
tree.A
little
boy
came
and
__1__(lie)under
it
every
day.He
would
climb
to
the
tree
top,eat
the
apples,and
take
a
nap
__2__
the
shade.He
loved
the
tree
and
the
tree
loved
to
play
with
him.
In
the
__3__(follow)years,the
boy
came
and
cut
the
branches
to
build
a
house,used
the
trunk
on
__4__
he
used
to
climb
to
make
a
boat
and
then
never
showed
up
for
a
long
time.
Finally,the
boy
returned.“Sorry,my
boy,__5__
I
don't
have
anything
for
you
anymore.No
more
__6__(apple)for
you...”
the
tree
said.“I
don't
have
teeth
__7__(bite),”
the
boy
replied.“No
more
trunk
for
you
to
climb
on.”
“I
am
__8__
old
for
that
now,”
the
boy
said.“I
really
can't
give
you
anything...the
only
thing
__9__(leave)is
my
dying
roots,”
the
tree
said
with
tears.“I
don't
need
much
now,just
a
place
to
rest.I'm
tired
after
all
these
years,”
the
boy
replied.“Good!Old
tree
roots
are
__10__
best
place
to
lean
on
and
e,come,sit
down
with
me
and
rest.”
The
boy
sat
down
and
the
tree
was
glad,smiling
with
tears.
1.lay 与前面的动词came为并列的过去动作,因此用一般过去式。
2.under/in 根据语境,此处为under/in
the
shade这个词组,意为“在阴凉处”。
3.following 形容词following“随后的”作定语。
4.which 结合前面的on可知后面是一个“介词+which”引导的定语从句,修饰先行词the
trunk。
5.but 根据语境,此处表示转折的意思。
6.apples 由语境可知,apple应用复数形式。
7.to
bite 根据前面的teeth可知,后面用动词不定式作定语。
8.too too...for...“对于……来说太……”。
9.left leave与thing之间为动宾关系,故用过去分词left表示被动作后置定语。
10.the 结合后面的最高级best可知,此处填the。
(2015·辽宁省实验中学高三期中考试)
In
recent
years,learning
Chinese
__1__(become)popular
among
people
around
the
world.Last
month,I
__2__(receive)an
email
from
my
cousin
Jack
in
Canada.He
said
he
was
enthusiastic
about
Chinese,and
asked
me
to
find
him
some
books
__3__(intend)for
Chinese
beginners.I
was
very
pleased
to
do
__4__
a
favor.So
I
went
from
one
bookstore
to
__5__,hoping
to
find
something
suitable
for
him.__6__(final)
I
selected
a
set
of
Chinese
textbooks
among
a
variety
of
similar
ones.Then
I
went
to
a
post
office
to
have
them
__7__(deliver)by
air
without
delay.Several
days
later,I
received
Jack's
email,__8__(say)that
he
really
appreciated
the
books
I
__9__(send).I'm
very
glad
that
Jack
is
beginning
to
learn
Chinese
just
like
many
other
foreigners
abroad,__10__
I
know
it
may
be
an
enjoyable
challenge
for
him.
1.has
become 结合前面的in
recent
years可知,此处用现在完成时。learning
Chinese为动名词短语作主语,其谓语用单数,故用has
become。
2.received 前面出现了last
month,因此用一般过去时。
3.intended 此处用过去分词短语作前面名词books的后置定语。
4.such/him 根据语义,此处表示愿意帮这样的(他)一个忙,因此用such/him。
5.another 此处是一个固定结构,from
one...to
another“从一个……到另外一个”。
6.Finally 根据语境可知作者在去了几个书店之后,终于在一家书店买到了合适的书,故填Finally。
7.delivered have
sth.done“使……被做……”,为固定结构。
8.saying 此处用现在分词短语作伴随状语。
9.had
sent 前面的appreciated是过去时,而作者寄书是过去的过去,因此用过去完成时。
10.although/though 结合语境,此处表示“虽然,尽管”,although/though引导了一个让步状语从句。
(2015·河南开封高级中学高三一模)
I
can
well
remember
that
I
was
once
asked
to
deliver
a
speech
titled—A
Real
Test
in
My
Life—before
the
whole
class
at
the
age
of
9.You
can
imagine
how
__1__(terrible)shy
I
was
the
moment
I
thought
of
that
with
so
many
eyes
__2__(fix)upon
me.I
had
no
__3__(choose)but
to
prepare
for
it,though.First
of
all,I
was
to
draft
the
speech,which
was
just
a
piece
of
cake
for
me,a
good
writer.But
the
hardest
part
__4__(lie)in
my
oral
presentation
from
my
memory—for
to
read
from
the
paper
was
not
allowed.The
real
moment
began
__5__
I
stood
on
the
platform
with
my
legs
trembling
and
my
mind
blank.But
my
__6__(listen)were
waiting
patiently
without
any
signs
of
rushing
me.Gradually
I
found
myself
back
giving
out
my
speech
with
difficulty.After
what
seemed
to
be
a
hundred
years,I
found
my
audience
applauding—I
made
__7__!
From
then
on
my
fear
of
talking
before
a
big
audience
__8__(appear).Actually
with
my
confidence
building
up,I
now
turn
out
to
be
a
great
speaker.Looking
back,I
know
the
greatest
difficulty
on
our
way
__9__
success
is
our
fear.Overcome
it__10__
we
will
be
able
to
achieve
our
goals.
1.terribly 此处用副词修饰后面的shy,作状语。
2.fixed 此处是“with+名词+过去分词”的复合结构。词组fix
one's
eyes
on“集中注意力于”,因此填fixed,表示该动作为被动。
3.choice have
no
choice
but
to
do“除了做某事别无选择”,因此填名词形式。
4.lay 整个文章用一般过去时来叙述过去发生的事,此处lie表示“在于”,过去式为lay。
5.when the
real
moment
暗示其后用when引导时间状语从句。
6.listeners 结合句意及谓语动词were
waiting可知,后面用名词复数。
7.it 此处是一个固定词组,make
it“成功”,因此填it。
8.disappeared 根据语境可知,此处表达作者的恐惧消失,故用disappeared。
9.to on
one's
way
to“在去往……的路上”。
10.and 句意:克服它然后我们就能实现目标。此处是“祈使句+and+陈述句”结构。
(2015·吉林普通高中高三四模)
The
music
industry
is
never
short
of
teen
pop
stars
with
wonderful
looks,__1__
it
doesn't
often
find
one
like
US
singer
Taylor
Swift.“Beneath
Taylor
Swift's
not a girl,not yet a woman
sweetness
hides
a
very
__2__(skill)songwriting
technique(技巧),”
writes
Leah
Greenblatt
with
Entertainment
Weekly.
Songwriting,the
country
singer
explains,is
“how
I
deal
with
problems.I
am
used
to
__3__(write)about
things
that
really
influences
me
most.”
So
in
her
songs,there
is
always
__4__
true
and
honest.They
seem
like
stories
from
__5__
diary
and
that
certainly
helps
Swift
attract
her
audience.
She
__6__(sell)more
than
13
million
copies
worldwide
of
her
first
two
albums,2006's
self titled
debut(首张同名专辑)and
2008's
Fearless.She's
the
youngest
artist
ever
to
__7__(name)Artist
of
the
Year
at
the
American
Music
Awards.Not
surprisingly,there
were
great
expectations
for
her
third
album,Speak
Now,__8__
came
out
late
last
month,where
she
again
returned
__9__
her
own
life
for
material.“The
14
songs
are
all
about
the
last
two
years...when
life
was
a
little
bit
bigger
and
__10__(crazy),”
says
Swift.“So
I've
written
about
the
lessons
and
confusion
and
heartbreak
and
all
the
different
things
that
go
along
with
being
18,19
and
20.”
1.but 结合语境,此处表示转折的意思,填but。
2.skillful/skilled 从后面的名词可知,此处用一个形容词作定语。
3.writing be
used
to
doing
sth.“习惯于做某事”,故填writing。
4.something 由语境可知,此处填something表示“某件东西”。
5.a/her 根据后面的名词diary可知,来自于一个日记,因此填a,表示泛指,或填her,表示“她的”。
6.has
sold 根据语境,此处表示已经出售了,这个动作已经结束了,因此填现在完成时。
7.be
named 结合语境,此处表示“她被称为……”,因此填不定式的被动式。
8.which 根据语境,这里是一个非限制性定语从句,修饰前面的her
third
album,在句中作主语。
9.to 结合前面的return可知,此处是return
to“回归”这个固定词组。
10.crazier 与前面的a
little
bit
bigger并列,因此此处用形容词比较级。
(2015·辽宁五校协作体高三期中联考)
The
Nobel
Peace
Prize
was
awarded
Friday
to
India's
Kailash
Satyarthi
and
Pakistan's
Malala
Yousafzai
for
their
struggles
__1__
the
suppression(压迫)of
children
and
for
young
people's
rights,__2__(include)the
right
to
education.
Yousafzai
came
to
__3__(globe)attention
after
she
__4__(shoot)in
the
head
by
the
Taliban
two
years
ago
for
her
efforts
__5__(promote)education
for
girls
in
Pakistan.
Through
her
heroic
struggle,Yousafzai
has
become
a
leading
spokeswoman
for
girls'
rights
to
education.According
to
the
Nobel
committee,at
17
she's
the
__6__(young)ever
peace
prize
winner.“I'm
proud
that
I'm
the
first
Pakistani
and
the
first
young
woman
or
the
first
young
person
__7__
gets
this
award,”
she
said
in
Birmingham,England.
She
doesn't
believe
that
she
deserves
the
award
but
considers
__8__
an
encouragement
to
continue
her
campaign
and
to
know
that
she
isn't
alone.
Awarding
the
Peace
Prize
to
a
Pakistani
Muslim
and
an
Indian
Hindu
__9__(give)a
message
to
people
of
love
between
Pakistan
and
India,and__10__different
religions.
1.against 根据struggle判断,应填against表示“反抗……”的意思。
2.including 根据后面的the
right
to
education可知,此处填including“包括”。
3.global 名词attention前需要形容词修饰作定语。
4.was
shot she是shoot的动作承受者,而且动作在过去发生,故用一般过去时的被动语态。
5.to
promote
 结合语境,此处是不定式作定语修饰前面的名词efforts。
6.youngest 根据下文的the
first
young
woman
or
the
first
young
person判断应填最高级。
7.that/who 此处先行词是person,定语从句中缺少主语,故用that/who。
8.it 此处it为形式宾语,后面的不定式to
continue为真正的宾语。
9.gives 题干中的动名词短语是主语,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式,故填gives。
10.between 和前面的between呼应,表示“在……之间”。
(2015·河南周口中英文学校高三考试)
Last
week,our
class
was
__1__duty
in
the
cafeteria
for
student
self management.On
the
first
day,I
was
__2__(shock)to
see
so
much
leftover
food
thrown
away
by
students.What
a
waste!Concerned
about
it,my
classmates
and
I
had
a
__3__(heat)discussion
on
how__4__(solve)the
problem.Lots
of
good
ideas
came
up,such
as
holding
class
meetings,putting
up
wall
newspapers
and
charging
a
fine
for
wasting
food.Finally,we
all
agreed
that
wall
newspaper
would
be
the
__5__(good)choices.
The
next
day,we
put
our
idea
into
reality.Towards
lunch
time,we
put
up
a
wall
newspaper
outside
the
school
cafeteria,__6__(call)on
students
not
to
waste
food.Many
students
gathered
around
to
read
and
__7__(express)their
support.To
my
great
delight,there
were
changes
soon.In
the
cafeteria,I
found
the
trays
returned
after
lunch
all
empty
__8__
any
leftover.Food__9__(save)and
the
dining
hall
was
cleaner.Seeing
this,I
felt
relieved
and
proud
of__10__we
had
done.
1.on 此处是一个固定词组on
duty“正在值班”。
2.shocked 结合句子结构及主语I与shock之间的关系可知,此处填shocked。
3.heated 结合语境表示“激烈的争论”,用形容词作定语修饰后面的名词。
4.to
solve 此处是“疑问词+to
do”结构。
5.best 结合语境,此处使用最高级形式。
6.calling 现在分词短语作伴随状语。
7.expressed 与前面的gathered并列,用一般过去时态。
8.without 结合语境,表示再也没有剩余的东西了,故用without。
9.was
saved 结合后面的and可知,save为谓语动词,并用被动语态,故填was
saved。
10.what 此处是一个宾语从句,结合后面的done可知从句中缺少宾语,因此填what。
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教育部考试中心取消原有的单项填空题型的四个原因:
1.不符合交际语言测试理论的要求;
2.对英语教学的导向较差;
3.容易给学生输入错误信息;
4.容易出现一题有多个可接受答案的情况。
语法填空又称为开放式语篇填空,根据德国心理学家格式塔的心理学原理和英语语言学家布朗的语篇分析理论等,从语法的句子结构与语法形式、词汇的本义和转义以及前后缀的变化、语境语篇的线索以及标志词等方面测试学生的整体语篇能力。语篇一般有以下特点:
文章长度
约200词
词间距
5~35词
首句
可挖空
提示词
不少于5个
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语法填空是把语法与词汇进行综合考查的一种题型,词汇主要涉及通过语法及语义考查派生、词类转换及词形变化,如名词、动词、形容词相互之间的转换,动词的时态、语态及非谓语动词形式的变化,名词的复数、所有格变化等。语法主要涉及各词类的基本功能、句子结构的分析与理解、各种复合句的连接词等。所以这一题型在命题上具有以下特点:
1.考查语法
每一空格的设置,即使是进行词类转化或词形变化,都必定涉及某一条或几条语法规则,不会单纯考查单词的拼写或单词的意义。
2.考虑语境
既然采用语篇的形式来考查语法,其目的就是利用语篇中较强的语境特点来命题。也就是说,考生要真正填出正确答案,需要理解整个句子、几个句子甚至整个语篇的意思,大多时候还需要清楚文章前后句、分句之间或主从句之间的逻辑关系(即整——分——整)。
3.考点分散
设题时基本上一个空格代表一个语法点,全文的10个空可能涉及10个或更多语法点,所以考查点重复的情况比较少,如一般不会在一个语篇中多次涉及相同的时态、语态、非谓语动词、冠词、介词、名词等,但可能会突出动词的多向考点内容,如时态、语态、非谓语动词的不定式、动名词、分词、主谓一致等覆盖面的分散考点。
4.提示词适当
一般10个空中至少有4个提示词,提示词主要是实词,涉及虚词的填空一般不给出提示词。
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在做语法填空的题目时,不但应该通篇考虑,掌握文章的内容和主题,而且还应该合理地运用已学的语法知识(词义、词性、词语搭配、句子时态、固定句型以及相关文化背景知识)得出正确的结论。虽然,语法填空旨在考查学生的语言知识实际运用能力,但是,这种题型仍是有规律可循的。为了提高答题的准确率,可以采取“词性+词义+词法”“三步法”,即首先确定所填词的词性是名词还是动词等,然后确定其在语境中的词义并结合相关的语法知识填写出正确的答案。学生在答此类题型时应该做到以下几点:
1.通读全文,理解大意
迅速地浏览全文,以便了解全文主旨。要注意一些关键词语或句子,特别是涉及人物、时间、地点、原因、经过、结果的词句;另外,学生应该从文章的逻辑结构、上下文联系中挖掘作者的观点和态度。
2.尝试填空,突破难点
答题时应该在整体理解文章的基础上,兼顾语法和意义,即先整体,再分解,最后又整体。
首先,通过通读全文,学生很容易填出一些表示文章转折和承接的连词和副词,如and,but,however,besid