选择性必修三 Unit 1 Reading an d thinking Language points语言知识点3

(共22张PPT)
Unit 1 ART
Reading and thinking
Language points
2026.03.05
As的倒装
While连词用法
不定式to do作表语
n. + be + adj. + 不定式(主动形式表被动的含义)
1
2
3
4
行业PPT模板http://www./hangye/
not just...but…(as well)句型
5
不定式作表语，前有do，后无to
6
What is Western art It is hard to give a precise definition. As there have been so many different styles of Western art, it is impossible to describe them all in a short text. Perhaps the best way to understand Western art is to look at the development of Western painting over the centuries.
什么是西方艺术？很难给出准确的定义。由于西方艺术有很多不同的风格，不可能用一篇短文来描述它们。也许了解西方艺术的最好方法是看看西方绘画几个世纪以来的发展。
It is +adj+to do sth 做某事是....的，it为形式主语，to do为真正的主语
as 引导原因状语从句
不定式短语做表语
在过去的几个世纪中的
to do 作后置定语,做......的最好方法
the way to do sth=the wazy of doing sth做某事的方式
1.As there have been so many different styles of Western art, it is impossible to describe them all in a short text.
由于西方的艺术风格多种多样，在短短的一篇课文里不可能进行全面的描述
as原因状语从句, 表示因为，由于,此时as相当于since
1.Everyone likes you as you are so kind.
2.When in Rome do as the Romans do.
3.As students grow up, they are likely to develope develop their good habits of learning.
4.Happy as they were, there was something missing.
5.The task is not as tough as I thought.
"as ...as...”或"not so/as... as...”
As引导的状语从句类型
照……方式，就像
方式状语从句
时间状语从句
让步状语从句
比较状语从句
当……时，随着
虽然，尽管(though)
像……一样
原因状语从句
因为，由于
Much as I like Paris, I couldn't live there.
as“虽然，即使”=though
as表示“虽然，即使”的时候，句子必须要倒装。
只要看到含as的句子出现了倒装现象，考虑as是不是表示“虽然，即使”。
as的倒装
1.谓语动词是be动词
Though he is rich, he never spends a cent on clothes.
倒装：Rich as / though he is, he never spends a cent on clothes.
Though he is a child, he knows a lot.
倒装：Child as / though he is, he knows a lot.
结论：将be动词后面的单词（形容词、名词等）提到句首，其他位置不变。
注意：被提到句首的单数名词，不用加冠词。
2.谓语动词有have / had / has或情态动词
Though he might try, he couldn’t get the door open.
倒装：Try as / though he might, he couldn’t get the door open.
结论：将实义动词提到句首，have / had / has或情态动词位置不变。
3.谓语动词只有实义动词
情况一：
Though he failed, he would never give up.
倒装：Fail as / though he did, he would never give up.
结论：实义动词孤零零，1）将实义动词提到句首，并变为原型
2）主语后加相应的助动词do / does / did
情况二：Though she tried hard, she failed to pass the exam.
倒装：Hard as / though she tried, she failed to pass the exam.
结论：实义动词后面跟副词，将副词提到句首，其他位置不变。
The Middle Ages (from the 5th to the 15th century)
During the Middle Ages, the purpose of Western art was to teach people about Christianity. Thus, artists were not interested in painting realistic scenes. Their works were often primitive and two-dimensional, and the main characters were often made much larger than everyone else to show their importance. This began to change in the 13th century with Giotto di Bondone (1267-1337). While his paintings still had religious themes, they showed real people in a real environment. In particular, his paintings are set apart from other paintings by their realistic human faces and deep emotional impact.
在中世纪，西方艺术的目的是向人们传授基督教。因此，艺术家对写实场景不感兴趣。他们的作品通常较为粗糙且二维化，主体人物通常比其他人物大得多，以显示他们的重要性。这种情况在13世纪时因乔托·迪·邦多纳（1267-1337）而开始改变。尽管他的画仍然是宗教主题，但它们展示的是真实环境中的真实人物。尤其是他的画作，因其逼真的人物面貌和深刻的情感冲击而从其他画作中脱颖而出。
...的目的是...
to do作表语
to do 作目的状语
尤其；特别
使与众不同；使突出；使优于
while引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽管”, while 位于句首
2.While his paintings still had religious themes, they showed real people in a real environment.
尽管他的画仍然是宗教主题，但它们展示的是真实环境中的真实人物。尤其是他的画作，因其逼真的人物面貌和深刻的情感冲击而从其他画作中脱颖而出。
while引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽管”, while 位于句首
尽管他很有钱，他却过着简朴的生活
While he is very wealthy, he lives a simple life.
“虽然，尽管”的表达：although/though/even if/as
despite the fact that/in spite of the fact that
While it was hot at night, we slept soundly because we were so tired after a long journey.
= __________________________________ we slept soundly because we were so tired after a long journey. （替换while）
= __________________________, we slept soundly because we were so tired after a long journey.
(倒装)
Hot though/as it was at night
Though /Although it was hot at night
while 作从属连词：
1.while 引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽管”
2.while 引导时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候”，此时 while相当于 during the time that ... ，从句中的谓语动词通常是延续性动词的进行时或状态动词，不可用短暂性动词。
Strike while the iron is hot.
I picked up French while I was working in France.
3.while 引导条件状语从句，意为“只要”
There will be life while there is water and air.
while从句中的省略：当while从句中的主语与主句的主语一致，且含有be的某种形式时，从句中的主语连同be可同时省略。
While (he was) in London, he studied music and painting.
趁热打铁
我在法国工作时学会了法语。
只要有水和空气，就会有生命。
while 引导并列句，强调两种情况间的差别，表示对比，意为“然而”
while 作并列连词：
意为“一会儿；一段时间””
while 作名词：
after a while
all the while
once in a while
wait/rest(for)a while
I like tea while my brother likes coffee.
过了一会儿
一直，始终
偶尔、间或
等/休息一会儿
3.不定式做表语
主语是以aim, suggestion, duty, hope, idea, intenion, plan, purpose, solution, the way to do sth.等为中心的名词(词组)时，或者是以what引导的主语从句表示时，一般用动词不定式作表语说明主语的内容。
①我们的计划是更好地利用这些材料。
②鼓励你的孩子享受美食的最好方法是让他们参与计划和准备它们。
③我的建议是征求你父亲的意见。
Our plan is to make better use of these materials.
What I would suggest is to ask your father for his opinion.
The best way to encourage your kids to enjoy meals is to involve them in planning and preparing them.
当主语包含定语从句且先行词为代词all或形容词最高级the least、the most修饰时
All he wanted was to study English well.
All he wanted was to study English well.
The Renaissance (from the 14th to the 17th century)
New ideas and values gradually replaced old ones from the Middle Ages. As a result, painters concentrated less on religious themes. They began to adopt a more humanistic attitude to life. An important breakthrough during this period was the use of perspective by Masaccio (1401-1428). Influential painters such as Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519), Michelangelo (1475-1564), and Raphael (1483-1520) built upon Giotto and Masaccio’s innovations to produce some of the greatest art that Europe had ever seen.
较少关注
a attitude to/towards 对.....的态度
在...基础上发展；把...作为...的基础
to do 作结果状语
Another innovation was the use of oil paints. With their deep colours and realism, some of the best oil paintings look like photographs. While painters as early as Da Vinci had used oil, this technique reached its height with Rembrandt (1606-1669), who gained a reputation as a master of shadow and light.
看起来像
早在...时期
while引导让步状语从句
赢得...的名声
In subject matter, the emphasis increasingly shifted from religious themes to people and the world around us. Kings, nobles, and people of high rank wanted to purchase accurate pictures of themselves and the people they loved. Others wanted paintings showing important historical events or stories from mythology. Finally, most clients wanted paintings that were beautiful and interesting to look at.
从 ...到...转变
4. Finally, most clients wanted paintings that were beautiful and interesting to look at.
n. + be + adj. + 不定式(主动形式表被动的含义)
某些“形容词+不定式”的结构中,不定式有被动意义, 如果是不及物动词，要保留相应介词。
最后，大多数顾客想要的是漂亮、有趣的绘画。
④这把椅子看上去相当硬，但实际上坐起来很舒服。
The apples are hard to reach.
The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to sit on
翻译：
①他是个很难相处的人。
②这些苹果很难够到。
He is difficult to deal with / get along with.
While the problem is complex, it is easy to approach.
The cake is easy to make.
The problem is hard to deal with.
The house is comfortable to live in.
③这个问题虽然复杂，但很容易解决。
Impressionism (late 19th to early 20th century)
The development of Western art slowed until the invention of photography in the mid-19th century. After that, paintings were no longer needed to preserve what people and the world looked like. Hence, painters had to find a new way of looking at their art. From this, Impressionism emerged in France. The name of this new movement came from the painting by Claude Monet (1840-1926) called Impression, Sunrise. In this work, Monet's aim was to convey the light and movement in the scene—the subjective impression the scene gave him—but not a detailed record of the scene itself.
until 引导时间状语从句
V-ed作后置定语
做某事的新方式
to do 作表语
While many Impressionists painted scenes of nature or daily life, others, such as Renoir (1841-1919), focused on people. Unlike the cold, black-and-white photographs of that time period, Renoir’s paintings are full of light, shadow, colour, and life. He sought to show not just the outer image of his subjects, but their inner warmth and humanity as well.
while引导让步状语从句
聚焦于，集中
充满
not just....but....(as well) 不仅...而且...
5.He sought to show not just the outer image of his subjects，but their inner warmth and humanity as well.
not just...but…(as well)句型： 不仅(不但)…而且…
=not just...but (also)…/not only…but(also)…
③妇女不仅被允许参与，而且发挥着非常重要的作用。
Women are not just allowed to join in but play a very important role as well.
=Women are not only allowed to join in but also play a very important role.
not A but B“不是A 而是B”，是否定 A 肯定 B
It is not how much you read but what you read that matters.
I did it not because I liked it but because I could have the chance to work in a big company.
This meal is not for one, but for many people to enjoy.
He can not just drive but repair a car.
This book is not only interesting but also useful.
他力求既展示主题人物的外在形象，又展现其内在的温暖和人性。
单句语法填空
（1）It is often said that the joy of travelling is not in arriving at your destination in the journey itself.
（2）It was not until I came here that I realized this place was famous for not just its beauty but its weather 　　　　well.
完成句子
（3）生活不仅有阳光，也有艰难的时刻。
Life consists of 　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　 　　　 .
（4）重要的不是故事本身，而是故事所反映的道理。
It is 　　　　　　　　　 what is reflected in the story that counts.
but
as
not just sunshine but hard times as well
not the story itself but
作主语时，谓语动词的单复数与 B 保持一致，即遵循“就近原则”。
Not you but the operator_____(be) to answer for it.
要对此负责的是操作员而不是你。
is
介词but表示“除……外”，即英语except, other than或not including的意思，是最常用的介词之一。主要用法有以下几点：
①no, no one, none, nobody, nothing, nowhere等词连用。如：
Nobody knew her but me.
②与all, anything, anywhere, every,everybody, everyone等词连用。
Everybody arrived on time but yourself.
③跟带to的不定式作宾语。如：
She had no choice but to wait.
④but前的谓语动词是do时，跟省略“to”的不定式作宾语。如：
He did nothing but read a novel yesterday.
除我以外，没有人认识她。
大家都按时到达，就是你自己没有。
除了等待，她别无选择。
除了看小说，他昨天什么也没干。
Modern Art (from the 20th century to today)
After Impressionism, subsequent artists began to ask, “What do we do next ” Painters such as Picasso (1881-1973) tried to analyse the shapes which existed in the natural world but in a new way, with Cubism. Others gave their paintings a realistic but dream-like quality. Still others turned to abstract art. What they attempted to do was no longer show reality, but instead to ask the question, “What is art ”
在印象派之后，后来的艺术家开始问“下一步我们该做什么？”。像毕加索（1881-1973）这样的画家试图用一种新的方法，用立体主义来分析自然界中存在的各种形状。其他人则赋予他们的画一种写实但又像梦一般的品质特征。还有一些人转向抽象艺术。他们试图做的不再是展示现实，而是提出一个问题“什么是艺术？”
转向
试图做某事
6.What they attempted to do was no longer show reality，but instead to ask the question，“What is art？
前半句中的表语show reality省略了to，而后半句与之作对比的平行结构to ask the question则是完整的。这种省略to的用法常见于如下情况：
(1)两个不定式由连词but、except等连接，如果前面的不定式中有单词do，后面的不定式则省略to。
but、except连接，前有do，后无to
I didn't know what to do but read the letter again and again.
除了反反复复读这封信，我不知道该做什么好。
注意：这里的do指的是实意动词，不是助动词。只要前面出现do的任何形式，包括did/does/done，都遵循这个规则。
不定式作表语，前有do，后无to
不定式作表语时，前面主语中有do时，不定式的to省略。
①What I want to do is break this bad habit. 我只想戒掉这个坏习惯。
①He did nothing but call me.
②You have no choice but to tell me the truth.
③Her goal was to become a great teacher.
②All you have to do is finish the job quickly.
7.What they attempted to do was no longer show reality，but instead to ask the question，“What is art？
他们试图做的不再是展示现实，而是提出问题：“什么是艺术？”。
句型公式：what引导名词性从句
what 引导名词性从句功能：可用作主语、宾语或表语
……的东西或事情
……的人或样子
意义 ……的数量或数目
……的时间
……的地方
After a hard time, they came to what is called America today.
What surprised me is that everybody seemed to be very indifferent to her.
I have no idea what they are talking about.
What we can’t get seems to be better than what we own.
At present, China isn’t what was thirty years ago.
what在从句中可用作主语、宾语或表语
宾语从句，what作主语
主语从句，what主语
表语从句，what主语
同位语从句，what宾语
主语从句、宾语从句，what宾语
what引导的名词性从句， that也可引导名词性从句，但that在从句中不作任何成分，也无实际意义,但不可省略；what在从句中可用作主语、宾语或表语。
单句语法填空
①[2022·全国乙卷]Soon，however，they realized ________ they had undertaken.
②My requirement is ________ all the students should gather at the school gate at 7：00 a．m. and then go to the park on foot.
③________ astonished me was that she didn't care about my feelings.
[写美]——句型转换
As is known to us，smartphones have become an important part in our daily life.
→_________________________ smartphones have become an important part in our daily life.
what
that　
What　
What is known to us is that
单句语法填空
（1）The other day，my brother drove his car down the street at 　　　　 　 I thought was a dangerous speed.
（2） 　　　　 　 is now the North Sahara Desert was once a civilized world.
完成句子
（3） 　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　（我打算告诉你的） is about the book donation from our school to your Chinese class.
（4）Compared with the escaped driver，I am proud of 　　　　　　　　　（我所做之事）.
（5）I will tell him 　　　　　　　　　　　（你长什么样）so that you can find each other easily.
句型转换
（6）［词汇复现］A number of modern buildings emerged in the place which was wasteland.
→________________________________________________________________
有些what 引导的名词性从句在结构上相当于“名词+ 定语从句”
We now live in what is called the information age. 我们现在生活在所谓的信息时代。
=We now live in the age that/which is called the information age
what
What
What I am going to tell you
what I have done
what you look/are like
A number of modern buildings emerged in what was wasteland.
What I want to stress is to raise the public's awareness of protecting the environment.
我想强调的是提高公众的环保意识。(应用文之演讲稿)