2025-2026学年八年级（下册）《英语》（仁爱科普版 2024）期末测试卷（含答案，含听力原文，无音频）
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| 名称 | 2025-2026学年八年级（下册）《英语》（仁爱科普版 2024）期末测试卷（含答案，含听力原文，无音频） |
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| 格式 | docx | ||
| 文件大小 | 491.8KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 仁爱科普版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2026-03-05 00:00:00 | ||
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文档简介
期末测试
听力部分（20分）
一、听力理解（20小题，每小题1分，共20分）
第一节 听短对话，根据所听内容和问题，选出正确答案。每段对话和问题听一遍。
( ) 1. A. /' ld (r)/ B. / d/ C. /' a /
( ) 2. A. Rainy. B. Sunny. C. Cloudy.
( ) 3. A. Novels. B. Fairy tales. C. Biographies.
( ) 4. A. Never. B. Twice. C. Every day.
( ) 5. A. On November 12th. B. On November 13th. C. On November 14th.
第二节 听对话和问题，选择正确答案。每段对话和问题听两遍。
( ) 6. What’s Tom doing
A. B. C.
( ) 7. What are the speakers talking about
A. B. C.
( ) 8. What does the boy do after studying for 25 minutes
A. Start a new task. B. Rest for 5 minutes. C. Play with his phone.
( ) 9. What tool does the boy use to help with study
A. A clock. B. A phone. C. A notebook.
( ) 10. What does the kid think about phone payment
A. It’s simple. B. It’s scary. C. It’s fast.
( ) 11. What is Grandpa worried about with phone payment
A. Losing his phone.
B. Entering the wrong amount.
C. Not having enough money.
（ ）12. What do the speakers decide to do in the end
A. Learn from each other.
B. Don’t use cash any more.
C. Only pay with mobile phones.
( ) 13. Why do Chinese people think dumplings can bring them good luck
A. Because of its pronunciation.
B. Because of its taste.
C. Because of its shape.
( ) 14. When do Chinese people always eat dumplings
A. At the Spring Festival. B. On weekends. C. On birthdays.
( ) 15. Besides luck, what else is sharing dumplings about
A. Competition. B. History. C. Love and togetherness.
第三节 短文理解。根据你所听到的演讲内容，在横线处补全笔记。每空一词。短文读两遍。
笔试部分（100分）
二、概要补全。（5小题，每小题1分，共5分）
阅读文章，用恰当的短语或句子补全概要。补全部分总词数不超过30词，不能照抄原文连续超过3个单词。
The Old Man and the Sea is a short novel by the famous American writer, Ernest Hemingway. He wrote it in 1951 at the age of 52 and it is one of his best-known works. Three years later, Hemingway won the Nobel Prize in Literature for it.
The book tells the story of an old fisherman named Santiago. He tried to catch fish, but he didn’t get any. He is hungry, poor and alone. The other villagers avoid him because they think his bad luck might make them unlucky too. 84 days later, his luck changes and he hooks (钓) a huge fish. But his troubles are not over. On his way back, some sharks try to take away his fish. Finally, he succeeds in fighting off the sharks with the help of a boy named Manolin. But he loses the fish. Luckily, he is still full of hope about his life and develops a good friendship with Manolin.
I like the book because the story is interesting. I like Santiago because of his courage and perseverance (毅力). The story makes me think a lot and its language is simple and powerful. I will surely recommend it to my friends. I think they will like it too.
The Old Man and the Sea is one of Hemingway’s best-known works. It 21 in 1951 and Hemingway won the Nobel Prize in Literature for it in 1954. The main character of the book is 22 . He finally hooks a huge fish after 23 . The story tells us that 24 are the key to success. I think you will 25 this book because its language is simple and powerful.
21. _________________________________________________________________________
22. _________________________________________________________________________
23. _________________________________________________________________________
24. _________________________________________________________________________
25. _________________________________________________________________________
三、完形填空（10小题，每小题1分，共10分）
先通读原文，掌握其大意，然后从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个可以填入相应空白处的最佳选项。
Digital Ethics (伦理标准): Protecting Privacy in Face Recognition (识别)
Face recognition technology is everywhere. It helps us unlock phones, go through airport security (安全), or even 26 things. Although it’s 27 , it also raises big questions about our privacy. This is where digital ethics comes in—it’s about making sure 28 is used in a good way.
So, how can we keep our private information safe One way is by limiting data storage (数据存储). Companies shouldn’t keep 29 face data forever. They should delete (删除) it once they don’t need it anymore. For example, a store using face recognition for payments should remove the data 30 the trade.
Another method is getting clear permission (允许). Before a camera scans your face, you should know about it and 31 . This way, no one uses your face data 32 you knowing.
33 , keeping data secure is panies must 34 face data from hackers (电脑黑客). If data gets stolen, it could be used in bad ways.
Face recognition is useful, but we need 35 rules to protect privacy. With them, we can enjoy the technology without worrying about our private information.
( ) 26. A. pay for B. take out C. care about D. look after
( ) 27. A. popular B. different C. important D. convenient
( ) 28. A. advice B. safety C. information D. technology
( ) 29. A. my B. our C. your D. their
( ) 30. A. by B. until C. after D. before
( ) 31. A. stop B. agree C. refuse D. download
( ) 32. A. for B. from C. against D. without
( ) 33. A. Also B. Instead C. Luckily D. Especially
( ) 34. A. make B. steal C. protect D. memorize
( ) 35. A. usual B. social C. proper D. important
四、阅读理解（20小题，每小题2分，共40分）
阅读下面四篇语言材料，然后按文后要求做题。
A
April 15th Rainy The earthquake stopped. How terrible it was last night! I was lucky to be okay. I stayed away from broken walls—they might fall. I found a bottle of clean water and shared it with a scared kid. Being calm helps, I thought. When I heard a rescue (救援) car’s siren (汽笛) far away, my heart felt light—help was coming. Wu Na
July 10th Rainy Flood water came up fast. I climbed onto a table when the floor got wet. A man passed by on a big box and he pulled me up. We floated (漂浮) together, shouting for help. The water slowed, and then I saw a boat. Waving hard, I smiled—we weren’t stuck forever. Li Nan
January 3rd Snowy The snowstorm kept us inside. It was cold, so I put on three sweaters. I heated hot water with a small stove (火炉) and gave some to my mom. We told stories to forget the cold. Through the window, I noticed the snow was lighter. Soon, the sun might peek out. Tu Jing
December 2nd Cloudy The tsunami waves rushed in. I ran to a hill as fast as I could. A girl fell, so I helped her up and took her with me. We sat there, watching the water go back. Others joined us, and someone lit a fire. The flames (火焰) danced, warm and bright. Tomorrow will be better, I felt sure. He Tian
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
( ) 36. When did the earthquake happen according to the text
A. On January 3rd. B. On April 14th.
C. On July 10th. D. On December 2nd.
( ) 37. How did Li Nan get away from the flood water
A. He ran quickly to a hill.
B. He hid himself under a strong desk.
C. He stayed inside a boat with the man.
D. He climbed onto a table and then a box.
( ) 38. What does the underlined phrase “peek out” probably mean
A. Get very hot. B. Come out a little.
C. Turn dark suddenly. D. Disappear completely.
( ) 39. Which of the following is TRUE
A. The flood water kept rising all the time.
B. The snowstorm made the room very hot.
C. He Tian was a kind boy.
D. Wu Na stayed alone during the earthquake.
( ) 40. What kind of the text is this
A. Reports. B. Diaries. C. Posters. D. Stories.
B
Tommy, a 10-year-old boy with autism (自闭症), almost never spoke to others. His mom was worried, but last month, everything changed. Their school tried a new VR program online—special glasses that let kids practice talking in make-believe places.
One afternoon, Tommy put on the VR glasses. Suddenly, he “stood” in a sunny park. A friendly virtual (虚拟的) boy smiled and said, “Want to play ball with me ” Tommy froze at first, but the program let him pause (暂停). His teacher, watching nearby, whispered (小声说), “You can say ‘yes’. It’s safe here.”
Tommy nodded. The virtual boy threw a ball, and Tommy “caught” it. They laughed, and soon, Tommy said, “Again ” It was the first time he’d started a conversation in months.
Weeks later, Tommy tried the VR coffee scenario (剧本). He ordered a glass of juice, stuttering (结巴) a little, but the virtual shopkeeper smiled. The next day at school, when a classmate asked, “Want to sit with me ” Tommy looked up and said, “Okay.”
His mom cried when she heard her son’s changes. “VR didn’t fix everything,” she said, “but it gave him courage to try.” For Tommy, those virtual steps became real ones—proof (验证) that technology can help hearts connect.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
( ) 41. What made Tommy’s mother worried
A. Tommy’s autism. B. Tommy’s stutter.
C. The virtual boy. D. The VR program.
( ) 42. What did the virtual boy ask Tommy to do
A. Sit together. B. Drink juice.
C. Play with him. D. Try VR glasses.
( ) 43. What can we infer about Tommy after using VR for weeks
A. He stopped going to school.
B. He became afraid of real people.
C. He gained more courage to talk in real life.
D. He preferred virtual conversations to real ones.
( ) 44. How does the writer show Tommy’s change
A. By listing numbers and giving examples.
B. By using virtual places to stand for real-life situations.
C. By making VR’s effect sound much bigger than it is.
D. By comparing his behavior before and after using VR.
( ) 45. What kind of text is this
A. A news report. B. A science explanation.
C. A story with online tools. D. A discussion about internet.
C
①Some people say Classic of Mountains and Seas is just a book of myths (神话). It talks about strange creatures, like a bird with three legs and a horse with a human face. These sound too odd (古怪的) to be real, so many think they’re made-up stories to entertain or teach lessons.
②But others believe it has historical roots. The book describes mountains, rivers, and tribes (部落) in detail. Some places it mentions, like the Yellow River, still exist today. This makes people wonder if the writers recorded what they saw, even if they exaggerated (夸张) a little.
③Interesting links to modern discoveries make the argument popular. Take the Sanxingdui as an example: a bronze (青铜) tree with nine branches (树枝) was unearthed, which matches a tree mentioned in Classic of Mountains and Seas. Such similarities make us question if the book holds memories of lost prehistoric cultures.
④It’s also possible that time changes how we see it. Long ago, people explained unknown things with stories. A rare (罕见的) animal might become a “monster” (妖怪) in their words. So what feels like myth now could have been their way of writing history.
⑤Maybe we don’t need to choose. Classic of Mountains and Seas could be both: a collection of ancient stories that also holds clues to the past. It shows how people thought and lived, which is a kind of history too.
⑥In the end, whether myth or history, it matters because it connects us to our roots—especially as new finds like Sanxingdui build a bridge between its pages and reality.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
( ) 46. What do we know about Classic of Mountains and Seas according to the text
A. The book was written 100 years ago.
B. Some places in the book still exist today.
C. Everyone thinks Classic of Mountains and Seas is just myths.
D. Sanxingdui’s bronze tree shows things in it are real.
( ) 47. Why is Sanxingdui mentioned in the text
A. To prove the book is completely historical.
B. To say the book was written by ancient scientists.
C. To show a modern discovery that links to the book.
D. To explain what the creatures in the book look like.
( ) 48. Which of the following best shows the author’s opinion
A. The book is just myths. B. It’s not worth reading today.
C. The book is 100% historical fact. D. It could be both myth and history.
( ) 49. If we divide the text into the three parts below, which is the best
Part 1. Presenting different views.
Part 2. Analyzing reasons and connections to reality.
Part 3. Stating the author’s opinion and conclusion.
A. ①, ②③④⑤, ⑥ B. ①②, ③④, ⑤⑥
C. ①②③, ④⑤, ⑥ D. ①②, ③, ④⑤⑥
( ) 50. Which is the best title for the text
A. Sanxingdui: A Lost Civilization
B. Classic of Mountains and Seas: Myth or History
C. How Ancient Books Were Written
D. Strange Creatures in Old Stories
D
The Dragon Boat Festival has a special tradition: driving away the “five poisons (毒)”. It may seem like just an old custom. 51
The festival comes in early summer. It’s hot and wet. 52 They can cause illness, so ancient people wanted to keep them away.
People hang wormwood and calamus (艾草菖蒲) on their doors. 53 Chinese medicine says they also help kill bad germs, and modern science agrees.
Many people wear small bags with herbs like mint (薄荷) or cloves (丁香). 54 Chinese medicine believes they can fight off small pests (害虫) and keep people from getting sick.
Even the old habit of drinking realgar (雄黄) wine (though we now know realgar is harmful) had a point. It was a way to try to drive away dangerous creatures. This tradition isn’t just guarding against poisons. 55 That’s why it’s still around today.
根据材料内容，从下面六个选项中选出五个能填入文中空缺处的最佳答案，使文章意思通顺、内容完整，并将选项填入下列横线上。
A. It is good for the five poisons to grow. B. These herbs smell nice, but they do more. C. However, people are very afraid of the poisons. D. It’s also about staying healthy, with nature’s help. E. These plants smell strong, which scares the poisons off. F. But in fact, it’s linked to the wisdom of Chinese medicine.
51. ________ 52. ________ 53. ________ 54. ________ 55. ________
语篇填空（15小题，每小题1分，共15分）
第一节 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。
chance divide year but he with study hard enjoy only
As we all know, Fan Zhongyan’s Memorial to Yueyang Tower (《岳阳楼记》) is very famous. In it, he wrote, “Be the first to stand the country’s hardship (艰辛), and the last to 56 its comfort.” This saying has survived to this day.
Fan Zhongyan’s early life was very hard. His father died when he was 57 two years old. Fan Zhongyan and his mother became homeless and life became even 58 for little Fan.
Young Fan Zhongyan loved school, 59 the family was so poor that they could not even afford the writing brushes and paper. In order to practice writing, he had to write in sand 60
sticks.
When he was a little older, Fan Zhongyan had the 61 to study in a temple. He did not have enough food, but he survived. After a small pot of porridge got dried, then he 62 it into four portions: two for breakfast and two for supper. Although he was always hungry, he continued
63 .
Fan Zhongyan set himself learning goals every day. If he did not finish the task for the day, he would stay up late. When he was too tired to keep 64 eyes open, he would wash his face with cold water and then keep on studying.
After 65 of studying, Fan Zhongyan became a very learned person.
56. ________ 57. ________ 58. ________ 59. ________ 60. ________
61. ________ 62. ________ 63. ________ 64. ________ 65. ________
第二节 阅读下面短文，根据内容要求填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词。
A Song of Spring
Spring is here, the snow is gone (消失),
Nature wakes up, it’s time 66 fun!
Flowers come out, and trees turn green,
67 brightest colors you’ve ever seen.
Birds build nests (巢), and sing their song,
As days grow warm and long.
Butterflies dance 68 the sunny air,
Spring magic is everywhere!
So grab (拿起) your kite, and run outside,
In Spring, there 69 no need to hide.
It’s time 70 laugh and play,
In the joyful, sunny month of May.
66. ________ 67. ________ 68. ________ 69. ________ 70. ________
六、补全对话（5小题，每小题2分，共10分）
阅读下面对话，从方框内7个选项中选择5个恰当的句子完成此对话。
A: Fire Department, how can I help
B: Hello! 71 Please send help quickly!
A: Calm down, please. Where exactly are you
B: I’m at 15 Green Street, in the apartment building. It’s the third floor!
A: 72 A room The whole floor
B: I think it’s the kitchen. Smoke is coming out from under the door! I can smell
something burning badly.
A: Are you safe now Are you outside the building
B: No, I’m in my bedroom. 73 I can’t breathe well.
A: Don’t open any doors. Stay low to the ground—smoke rises. 74
B: Okay, okay. I’ll do that. Please hurry!
A: Help is on the way. 75 Just stay calm and wait for them.
B: Thank you! Please hurry!
A: We will. Don’t worry. They’ll get you out safely.
A. What’s on fire B. Could you help me at once C. They’ll be there in 5 minutes. D. The smoke is getting thicker. E. There’s a big fire in my building! F. I really don’t know what I should do! G. Cover your mouth with a wet cloth if you can.
71. _______ 72. _______ 73. ________ 74. _______ 75. _______
七、看图写话（5小题，每小题2分，共10分）
根据每小题所提供的图画情景和提示词，写出一个与图画情景相符的句子。
76.
everyone, last week
_______________________________________________________________________
77.
against, tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________________
78.
now
_______________________________________________________________________
79.
there, insect
_______________________________________________________________________
80.
ask, just now
_______________________________________________________________________
八、书面表达（10分）
学习从不止于书页。一粥一饭藏着滋味，一言一语裹着温度；光影回转亦有回响。心之所向，目之所及，皆是成长的养分。请你根据提示信息，以“Learning All Around Me”为题，用英语写一篇文章，并在口语课上分享。
提示信息：
写作要求：
1. 包含所有提示信息，可适当发挥；
2. 文中不得出现真实姓名、校名和地名；
3. 词数：80—100词，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Learning All Around Me
Learning happens everywhere in my life, not just from textbooks.
All these are learning. They are not about exam grades but they help me grow. That’s the best learning, I think.
参考答案
听力材料
一、听力理解
第一节 听短对话，根据所听内容和问题，选出正确答案。每段对话和问题听一遍。
1. W: Excuse me, Mr. Wang. I can’t read this word. Could you help me
M: Sure, /' ld (r)/, I often sat on my father’s shoulders when I was young.
Question: What’s the pronunciation of the word
2. W: We should stay at home instead of going out if it rains tomorrow.
M: Don’t worry. The report says the sun will shine brightly tomorrow.
Question: What will the weather be like tomorrow
3. W: I don’t know whether you like novels or fairy tales
M: Neither. I prefer biographies because I can learn a lot from them.
Question: What kind of literature does the boy prefer
4. W: I can never use the internet on weekdays. What about you
M: Me, neither. But I can do it for 2 hours on Saturday and Sunday.
Question: How often do the speakers use the internet on weekdays
5. W: Today is November 13th, and there will be a speech about China’s tea culture tomorrow.
M: OK. Let’s attend it together.
Question: When will the speakers go to the speech
第二节 听对话和问题，选择正确答案。每段对话和问题听两遍。
请听第1组对话，回答第6小题。
6. W: Tom, could you help me search for information on the computer
M: Sorry, Alice. I’m making a budget. Wait a moment, please.
Question No. 6: What’s Tom doing
请听第2组对话，回答第7小题。
7. W: Wow, how beautiful! What’s it made of
M: It’s made of silk. Chinese women like it very much.
Question No. 7: What are the speakers talking about
请听第3组对话，回答第8、9小题。
W: I can’t focus on my homework. I always stop and do something on my phone. Could you help me
M: Sure. I put away my phone when learning. I usually study for 25 minutes and rest for 5. Then I do it again.
W: Does it work
M: Yes! I use a clock. Now I finish tasks fast. You can have a try!
Question No. 8: What does the boy do after studying for 25 minutes
Question No. 9: What tool does the boy use to help with study
请听第4组对话，回答第10、11、12小题。
W: Grandpa, why do you always carry cash with you
M: I prefer to pay with cash.
W: But using a phone to pay is faster, right
M: Maybe, but I’m afraid I’ll enter the wrong amount when paying.
W: It’s simple! You just have to be careful.
M: What if my phone dies Cash never runs out of power.
W: Hmm, good point. But I almost never use cash now.
M: We can learn from each other, then!
Question No. 10: What does the kid think about phone payment
Question No. 11: What is Grandpa worried about with phone payment
Question No. 12: What do the speakers decide to do in the end
请听第5组对话，回答第13、14、15小题。
W: These dumplings taste amazing! Do they mean something special in Chinese culture
M: Yes, a lot! They’re not just food—they’re part of our traditions.
W: Like what I heard people eat them on big days.
M: Yes. People in China always eat them at the Spring Festival. We think they can bring us good luck.
W: Why do you think so Is it because of their shape
M: Exactly! They look like old silver coins, so we say they bring wealth.
W: That’s fun! No wonder you love them so much.
M: Yes, sharing dumplings with family is full of love. It’s all about togetherness.
Question No. 13: What do dumplings stand for in Chinese culture according to the man
Question No. 14: When do Chinese people most importantly eat dumplings
Question No. 15: Besides luck, what else is sharing dumplings about
第三节 短文理解。根据你所听到的演讲内容，在横线处补全笔记。每空一词。短文读两遍。
El Nino is a weather event that changes the world’s climate. It happens every 2 to 7 years and lasts for several months.
Normally, winds push warm water west across the Pacific Ocean. But during El Nino, these winds get weaker. This lets the warm water move east, toward South America.
This causes big changes. In some places, it brings heavy rain and floods—like in Peru and California. In other areas, such as Australia and India, it leads to dry weather.
Scientists predict when El Nino will come according to ocean temperatures. It helps people prepare—like storing water and food or building walls to prevent flooding.
Though it can cause problems, El Nino is a natural part of Earth’s climate system. Learning about it helps us better deal with its effects.
参考答案
听力理解
1—5 A B C A C
6—10 B B B A C
11—15 B A C A C
16. weather event 17. months 18. moves east 19. Effects 20. natural part
二、概要补全
21. came out
22. an old fisherman
23. 84 days without catching anything
24. courage and perseverance
25. like/be interested in (reading) this book
三、完形填空
26. A 结合人脸识别在生活中的应用可知，本句句意为“人脸识别可帮助我们解锁手机、过机场安检甚至是付款”。
27. D 句意为“虽然它（人脸识别）很方便，但也在个人隐私上带来了较大的问题”。
28. D
29. B 由本段第一句的主语“我们”可知，本句句意为“公司不应该永久保存我们的人脸数据”。
30. C 句意为“例如，一个由人脸识别支付的商店在交易完成后应该立即删除（人脸）数据”。
31. B 句意为“在摄影机扫描你的脸部时，你应该知晓并同意”。
32. D 句意为“这样，就不会有不经过你的知晓而使用你的脸部数据的情况发生”。
33. A 句意为“还有，保护数据安全非常重要”。
34. C 句意为“公司必须保证人脸数据不受黑客的侵犯”。protect ... from ...意为“保护……免受……的伤害”。
35. C 句意为“人脸识别非常有用，但是我们需要合适的规则来保护隐私”。
四、阅读理解
A
36. B 由第一栏日期和第一、第二句可知，地震发生于4月14日晚上。
37. D 由第二栏第二至第四句可知，当洪水淹没地板，李南爬上桌子，然后和一个男的一起在大箱子上漂浮。
38. B 由上一句“雪变小了”可推测，不久后太阳可能会出现。
39. C 由第四栏第三句可知，贺天帮助跌倒的小女孩并带上她（一起跑到山上）的行为可推知，他很善良。
40. B 通读全文可知，材料是日记。
B
41. A 由第一段第一、二句可知，Tommy患自闭症，几乎从不与人说话，让妈妈担心。
42. C 由第二段第三句可知，虚拟男孩叫他一起玩球。
43. C 从Tommy使用VR后的变化可知，若继续使用VR，他会获得更多在生活中与人交谈的勇气。
44. D 通读全文可知，作者通过第一段Tommy几乎从不交谈到文章第四段可以做简单对话的对比，来描述Tommy使用VR前后的变化。
45. C 本文讲解了一个患自闭症的男孩使用网络工具前后变化的故事。
C
46. B
47. C
48. D 由第五段第二、三句可知，《山海经》既包含远古神话故事也表现了过去人们的思想和生活。
49. B 归纳每段主题句可知，第一、二段呈现人们对《山海经》的不同观点，第三、四段分析原因和与现实的联系，第五、六段作者表达自己的观点和小结。
50. B 通读全文可知，作者围绕《山海经》是神话传说还是历史这一谜题展开全文。
D
51. F 52. A 53. E 54. B 55. D
五、语篇填空
56. enjoy 57. only 58. harder 59. but 60. with
61. chance 62. divided 63. studying 64. his 65. years
66. for 67. The 68. in 69. is 70. to
六、补全对话
71. E 72. A 73. D 74. G 75. C
七、看图写话
76. Everyone went to the zoo except Tom last week.
77. Class Two/2 will play basketball against Class Three/3 tomorrow.
78. They are playing chess now.
79. There is an insect on the leaf.
80. She / The girl asked (the boy) if/whether he /the boy liked fables just now.
八、书面表达
参考范文
Learning happens everywhere in my life, not just from textbooks.
At home, my parents teach me a lot. When helping my mom cook and do housework, I learn to be patient and love my family. Dad shows me how to fix a broken chair and tells me to save every coin. Their lessons teach me the value of hard work.
After school, I sometimes watch short videos. Some teach me good ways to take notes, others tell stories of poor kids far away. They encourage me to improve myself.
Outside, polite citizens lead me to obey the traffic rules, not to throw litter in public.
All these are learning. They are not about exam grades but they help me grow. That’s the best learning, I think.
听力部分（20分）
一、听力理解（20小题，每小题1分，共20分）
第一节 听短对话，根据所听内容和问题，选出正确答案。每段对话和问题听一遍。
( ) 1. A. /' ld (r)/ B. / d/ C. /' a /
( ) 2. A. Rainy. B. Sunny. C. Cloudy.
( ) 3. A. Novels. B. Fairy tales. C. Biographies.
( ) 4. A. Never. B. Twice. C. Every day.
( ) 5. A. On November 12th. B. On November 13th. C. On November 14th.
第二节 听对话和问题，选择正确答案。每段对话和问题听两遍。
( ) 6. What’s Tom doing
A. B. C.
( ) 7. What are the speakers talking about
A. B. C.
( ) 8. What does the boy do after studying for 25 minutes
A. Start a new task. B. Rest for 5 minutes. C. Play with his phone.
( ) 9. What tool does the boy use to help with study
A. A clock. B. A phone. C. A notebook.
( ) 10. What does the kid think about phone payment
A. It’s simple. B. It’s scary. C. It’s fast.
( ) 11. What is Grandpa worried about with phone payment
A. Losing his phone.
B. Entering the wrong amount.
C. Not having enough money.
（ ）12. What do the speakers decide to do in the end
A. Learn from each other.
B. Don’t use cash any more.
C. Only pay with mobile phones.
( ) 13. Why do Chinese people think dumplings can bring them good luck
A. Because of its pronunciation.
B. Because of its taste.
C. Because of its shape.
( ) 14. When do Chinese people always eat dumplings
A. At the Spring Festival. B. On weekends. C. On birthdays.
( ) 15. Besides luck, what else is sharing dumplings about
A. Competition. B. History. C. Love and togetherness.
第三节 短文理解。根据你所听到的演讲内容，在横线处补全笔记。每空一词。短文读两遍。
笔试部分（100分）
二、概要补全。（5小题，每小题1分，共5分）
阅读文章，用恰当的短语或句子补全概要。补全部分总词数不超过30词，不能照抄原文连续超过3个单词。
The Old Man and the Sea is a short novel by the famous American writer, Ernest Hemingway. He wrote it in 1951 at the age of 52 and it is one of his best-known works. Three years later, Hemingway won the Nobel Prize in Literature for it.
The book tells the story of an old fisherman named Santiago. He tried to catch fish, but he didn’t get any. He is hungry, poor and alone. The other villagers avoid him because they think his bad luck might make them unlucky too. 84 days later, his luck changes and he hooks (钓) a huge fish. But his troubles are not over. On his way back, some sharks try to take away his fish. Finally, he succeeds in fighting off the sharks with the help of a boy named Manolin. But he loses the fish. Luckily, he is still full of hope about his life and develops a good friendship with Manolin.
I like the book because the story is interesting. I like Santiago because of his courage and perseverance (毅力). The story makes me think a lot and its language is simple and powerful. I will surely recommend it to my friends. I think they will like it too.
The Old Man and the Sea is one of Hemingway’s best-known works. It 21 in 1951 and Hemingway won the Nobel Prize in Literature for it in 1954. The main character of the book is 22 . He finally hooks a huge fish after 23 . The story tells us that 24 are the key to success. I think you will 25 this book because its language is simple and powerful.
21. _________________________________________________________________________
22. _________________________________________________________________________
23. _________________________________________________________________________
24. _________________________________________________________________________
25. _________________________________________________________________________
三、完形填空（10小题，每小题1分，共10分）
先通读原文，掌握其大意，然后从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个可以填入相应空白处的最佳选项。
Digital Ethics (伦理标准): Protecting Privacy in Face Recognition (识别)
Face recognition technology is everywhere. It helps us unlock phones, go through airport security (安全), or even 26 things. Although it’s 27 , it also raises big questions about our privacy. This is where digital ethics comes in—it’s about making sure 28 is used in a good way.
So, how can we keep our private information safe One way is by limiting data storage (数据存储). Companies shouldn’t keep 29 face data forever. They should delete (删除) it once they don’t need it anymore. For example, a store using face recognition for payments should remove the data 30 the trade.
Another method is getting clear permission (允许). Before a camera scans your face, you should know about it and 31 . This way, no one uses your face data 32 you knowing.
33 , keeping data secure is panies must 34 face data from hackers (电脑黑客). If data gets stolen, it could be used in bad ways.
Face recognition is useful, but we need 35 rules to protect privacy. With them, we can enjoy the technology without worrying about our private information.
( ) 26. A. pay for B. take out C. care about D. look after
( ) 27. A. popular B. different C. important D. convenient
( ) 28. A. advice B. safety C. information D. technology
( ) 29. A. my B. our C. your D. their
( ) 30. A. by B. until C. after D. before
( ) 31. A. stop B. agree C. refuse D. download
( ) 32. A. for B. from C. against D. without
( ) 33. A. Also B. Instead C. Luckily D. Especially
( ) 34. A. make B. steal C. protect D. memorize
( ) 35. A. usual B. social C. proper D. important
四、阅读理解（20小题，每小题2分，共40分）
阅读下面四篇语言材料，然后按文后要求做题。
A
April 15th Rainy The earthquake stopped. How terrible it was last night! I was lucky to be okay. I stayed away from broken walls—they might fall. I found a bottle of clean water and shared it with a scared kid. Being calm helps, I thought. When I heard a rescue (救援) car’s siren (汽笛) far away, my heart felt light—help was coming. Wu Na
July 10th Rainy Flood water came up fast. I climbed onto a table when the floor got wet. A man passed by on a big box and he pulled me up. We floated (漂浮) together, shouting for help. The water slowed, and then I saw a boat. Waving hard, I smiled—we weren’t stuck forever. Li Nan
January 3rd Snowy The snowstorm kept us inside. It was cold, so I put on three sweaters. I heated hot water with a small stove (火炉) and gave some to my mom. We told stories to forget the cold. Through the window, I noticed the snow was lighter. Soon, the sun might peek out. Tu Jing
December 2nd Cloudy The tsunami waves rushed in. I ran to a hill as fast as I could. A girl fell, so I helped her up and took her with me. We sat there, watching the water go back. Others joined us, and someone lit a fire. The flames (火焰) danced, warm and bright. Tomorrow will be better, I felt sure. He Tian
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
( ) 36. When did the earthquake happen according to the text
A. On January 3rd. B. On April 14th.
C. On July 10th. D. On December 2nd.
( ) 37. How did Li Nan get away from the flood water
A. He ran quickly to a hill.
B. He hid himself under a strong desk.
C. He stayed inside a boat with the man.
D. He climbed onto a table and then a box.
( ) 38. What does the underlined phrase “peek out” probably mean
A. Get very hot. B. Come out a little.
C. Turn dark suddenly. D. Disappear completely.
( ) 39. Which of the following is TRUE
A. The flood water kept rising all the time.
B. The snowstorm made the room very hot.
C. He Tian was a kind boy.
D. Wu Na stayed alone during the earthquake.
( ) 40. What kind of the text is this
A. Reports. B. Diaries. C. Posters. D. Stories.
B
Tommy, a 10-year-old boy with autism (自闭症), almost never spoke to others. His mom was worried, but last month, everything changed. Their school tried a new VR program online—special glasses that let kids practice talking in make-believe places.
One afternoon, Tommy put on the VR glasses. Suddenly, he “stood” in a sunny park. A friendly virtual (虚拟的) boy smiled and said, “Want to play ball with me ” Tommy froze at first, but the program let him pause (暂停). His teacher, watching nearby, whispered (小声说), “You can say ‘yes’. It’s safe here.”
Tommy nodded. The virtual boy threw a ball, and Tommy “caught” it. They laughed, and soon, Tommy said, “Again ” It was the first time he’d started a conversation in months.
Weeks later, Tommy tried the VR coffee scenario (剧本). He ordered a glass of juice, stuttering (结巴) a little, but the virtual shopkeeper smiled. The next day at school, when a classmate asked, “Want to sit with me ” Tommy looked up and said, “Okay.”
His mom cried when she heard her son’s changes. “VR didn’t fix everything,” she said, “but it gave him courage to try.” For Tommy, those virtual steps became real ones—proof (验证) that technology can help hearts connect.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
( ) 41. What made Tommy’s mother worried
A. Tommy’s autism. B. Tommy’s stutter.
C. The virtual boy. D. The VR program.
( ) 42. What did the virtual boy ask Tommy to do
A. Sit together. B. Drink juice.
C. Play with him. D. Try VR glasses.
( ) 43. What can we infer about Tommy after using VR for weeks
A. He stopped going to school.
B. He became afraid of real people.
C. He gained more courage to talk in real life.
D. He preferred virtual conversations to real ones.
( ) 44. How does the writer show Tommy’s change
A. By listing numbers and giving examples.
B. By using virtual places to stand for real-life situations.
C. By making VR’s effect sound much bigger than it is.
D. By comparing his behavior before and after using VR.
( ) 45. What kind of text is this
A. A news report. B. A science explanation.
C. A story with online tools. D. A discussion about internet.
C
①Some people say Classic of Mountains and Seas is just a book of myths (神话). It talks about strange creatures, like a bird with three legs and a horse with a human face. These sound too odd (古怪的) to be real, so many think they’re made-up stories to entertain or teach lessons.
②But others believe it has historical roots. The book describes mountains, rivers, and tribes (部落) in detail. Some places it mentions, like the Yellow River, still exist today. This makes people wonder if the writers recorded what they saw, even if they exaggerated (夸张) a little.
③Interesting links to modern discoveries make the argument popular. Take the Sanxingdui as an example: a bronze (青铜) tree with nine branches (树枝) was unearthed, which matches a tree mentioned in Classic of Mountains and Seas. Such similarities make us question if the book holds memories of lost prehistoric cultures.
④It’s also possible that time changes how we see it. Long ago, people explained unknown things with stories. A rare (罕见的) animal might become a “monster” (妖怪) in their words. So what feels like myth now could have been their way of writing history.
⑤Maybe we don’t need to choose. Classic of Mountains and Seas could be both: a collection of ancient stories that also holds clues to the past. It shows how people thought and lived, which is a kind of history too.
⑥In the end, whether myth or history, it matters because it connects us to our roots—especially as new finds like Sanxingdui build a bridge between its pages and reality.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
( ) 46. What do we know about Classic of Mountains and Seas according to the text
A. The book was written 100 years ago.
B. Some places in the book still exist today.
C. Everyone thinks Classic of Mountains and Seas is just myths.
D. Sanxingdui’s bronze tree shows things in it are real.
( ) 47. Why is Sanxingdui mentioned in the text
A. To prove the book is completely historical.
B. To say the book was written by ancient scientists.
C. To show a modern discovery that links to the book.
D. To explain what the creatures in the book look like.
( ) 48. Which of the following best shows the author’s opinion
A. The book is just myths. B. It’s not worth reading today.
C. The book is 100% historical fact. D. It could be both myth and history.
( ) 49. If we divide the text into the three parts below, which is the best
Part 1. Presenting different views.
Part 2. Analyzing reasons and connections to reality.
Part 3. Stating the author’s opinion and conclusion.
A. ①, ②③④⑤, ⑥ B. ①②, ③④, ⑤⑥
C. ①②③, ④⑤, ⑥ D. ①②, ③, ④⑤⑥
( ) 50. Which is the best title for the text
A. Sanxingdui: A Lost Civilization
B. Classic of Mountains and Seas: Myth or History
C. How Ancient Books Were Written
D. Strange Creatures in Old Stories
D
The Dragon Boat Festival has a special tradition: driving away the “five poisons (毒)”. It may seem like just an old custom. 51
The festival comes in early summer. It’s hot and wet. 52 They can cause illness, so ancient people wanted to keep them away.
People hang wormwood and calamus (艾草菖蒲) on their doors. 53 Chinese medicine says they also help kill bad germs, and modern science agrees.
Many people wear small bags with herbs like mint (薄荷) or cloves (丁香). 54 Chinese medicine believes they can fight off small pests (害虫) and keep people from getting sick.
Even the old habit of drinking realgar (雄黄) wine (though we now know realgar is harmful) had a point. It was a way to try to drive away dangerous creatures. This tradition isn’t just guarding against poisons. 55 That’s why it’s still around today.
根据材料内容，从下面六个选项中选出五个能填入文中空缺处的最佳答案，使文章意思通顺、内容完整，并将选项填入下列横线上。
A. It is good for the five poisons to grow. B. These herbs smell nice, but they do more. C. However, people are very afraid of the poisons. D. It’s also about staying healthy, with nature’s help. E. These plants smell strong, which scares the poisons off. F. But in fact, it’s linked to the wisdom of Chinese medicine.
51. ________ 52. ________ 53. ________ 54. ________ 55. ________
语篇填空（15小题，每小题1分，共15分）
第一节 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。
chance divide year but he with study hard enjoy only
As we all know, Fan Zhongyan’s Memorial to Yueyang Tower (《岳阳楼记》) is very famous. In it, he wrote, “Be the first to stand the country’s hardship (艰辛), and the last to 56 its comfort.” This saying has survived to this day.
Fan Zhongyan’s early life was very hard. His father died when he was 57 two years old. Fan Zhongyan and his mother became homeless and life became even 58 for little Fan.
Young Fan Zhongyan loved school, 59 the family was so poor that they could not even afford the writing brushes and paper. In order to practice writing, he had to write in sand 60
sticks.
When he was a little older, Fan Zhongyan had the 61 to study in a temple. He did not have enough food, but he survived. After a small pot of porridge got dried, then he 62 it into four portions: two for breakfast and two for supper. Although he was always hungry, he continued
63 .
Fan Zhongyan set himself learning goals every day. If he did not finish the task for the day, he would stay up late. When he was too tired to keep 64 eyes open, he would wash his face with cold water and then keep on studying.
After 65 of studying, Fan Zhongyan became a very learned person.
56. ________ 57. ________ 58. ________ 59. ________ 60. ________
61. ________ 62. ________ 63. ________ 64. ________ 65. ________
第二节 阅读下面短文，根据内容要求填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词。
A Song of Spring
Spring is here, the snow is gone (消失),
Nature wakes up, it’s time 66 fun!
Flowers come out, and trees turn green,
67 brightest colors you’ve ever seen.
Birds build nests (巢), and sing their song,
As days grow warm and long.
Butterflies dance 68 the sunny air,
Spring magic is everywhere!
So grab (拿起) your kite, and run outside,
In Spring, there 69 no need to hide.
It’s time 70 laugh and play,
In the joyful, sunny month of May.
66. ________ 67. ________ 68. ________ 69. ________ 70. ________
六、补全对话（5小题，每小题2分，共10分）
阅读下面对话，从方框内7个选项中选择5个恰当的句子完成此对话。
A: Fire Department, how can I help
B: Hello! 71 Please send help quickly!
A: Calm down, please. Where exactly are you
B: I’m at 15 Green Street, in the apartment building. It’s the third floor!
A: 72 A room The whole floor
B: I think it’s the kitchen. Smoke is coming out from under the door! I can smell
something burning badly.
A: Are you safe now Are you outside the building
B: No, I’m in my bedroom. 73 I can’t breathe well.
A: Don’t open any doors. Stay low to the ground—smoke rises. 74
B: Okay, okay. I’ll do that. Please hurry!
A: Help is on the way. 75 Just stay calm and wait for them.
B: Thank you! Please hurry!
A: We will. Don’t worry. They’ll get you out safely.
A. What’s on fire B. Could you help me at once C. They’ll be there in 5 minutes. D. The smoke is getting thicker. E. There’s a big fire in my building! F. I really don’t know what I should do! G. Cover your mouth with a wet cloth if you can.
71. _______ 72. _______ 73. ________ 74. _______ 75. _______
七、看图写话（5小题，每小题2分，共10分）
根据每小题所提供的图画情景和提示词，写出一个与图画情景相符的句子。
76.
everyone, last week
_______________________________________________________________________
77.
against, tomorrow
_______________________________________________________________________
78.
now
_______________________________________________________________________
79.
there, insect
_______________________________________________________________________
80.
ask, just now
_______________________________________________________________________
八、书面表达（10分）
学习从不止于书页。一粥一饭藏着滋味，一言一语裹着温度；光影回转亦有回响。心之所向，目之所及，皆是成长的养分。请你根据提示信息，以“Learning All Around Me”为题，用英语写一篇文章，并在口语课上分享。
提示信息：
写作要求：
1. 包含所有提示信息，可适当发挥；
2. 文中不得出现真实姓名、校名和地名；
3. 词数：80—100词，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Learning All Around Me
Learning happens everywhere in my life, not just from textbooks.
All these are learning. They are not about exam grades but they help me grow. That’s the best learning, I think.
参考答案
听力材料
一、听力理解
第一节 听短对话，根据所听内容和问题，选出正确答案。每段对话和问题听一遍。
1. W: Excuse me, Mr. Wang. I can’t read this word. Could you help me
M: Sure, /' ld (r)/, I often sat on my father’s shoulders when I was young.
Question: What’s the pronunciation of the word
2. W: We should stay at home instead of going out if it rains tomorrow.
M: Don’t worry. The report says the sun will shine brightly tomorrow.
Question: What will the weather be like tomorrow
3. W: I don’t know whether you like novels or fairy tales
M: Neither. I prefer biographies because I can learn a lot from them.
Question: What kind of literature does the boy prefer
4. W: I can never use the internet on weekdays. What about you
M: Me, neither. But I can do it for 2 hours on Saturday and Sunday.
Question: How often do the speakers use the internet on weekdays
5. W: Today is November 13th, and there will be a speech about China’s tea culture tomorrow.
M: OK. Let’s attend it together.
Question: When will the speakers go to the speech
第二节 听对话和问题，选择正确答案。每段对话和问题听两遍。
请听第1组对话，回答第6小题。
6. W: Tom, could you help me search for information on the computer
M: Sorry, Alice. I’m making a budget. Wait a moment, please.
Question No. 6: What’s Tom doing
请听第2组对话，回答第7小题。
7. W: Wow, how beautiful! What’s it made of
M: It’s made of silk. Chinese women like it very much.
Question No. 7: What are the speakers talking about
请听第3组对话，回答第8、9小题。
W: I can’t focus on my homework. I always stop and do something on my phone. Could you help me
M: Sure. I put away my phone when learning. I usually study for 25 minutes and rest for 5. Then I do it again.
W: Does it work
M: Yes! I use a clock. Now I finish tasks fast. You can have a try!
Question No. 8: What does the boy do after studying for 25 minutes
Question No. 9: What tool does the boy use to help with study
请听第4组对话，回答第10、11、12小题。
W: Grandpa, why do you always carry cash with you
M: I prefer to pay with cash.
W: But using a phone to pay is faster, right
M: Maybe, but I’m afraid I’ll enter the wrong amount when paying.
W: It’s simple! You just have to be careful.
M: What if my phone dies Cash never runs out of power.
W: Hmm, good point. But I almost never use cash now.
M: We can learn from each other, then!
Question No. 10: What does the kid think about phone payment
Question No. 11: What is Grandpa worried about with phone payment
Question No. 12: What do the speakers decide to do in the end
请听第5组对话，回答第13、14、15小题。
W: These dumplings taste amazing! Do they mean something special in Chinese culture
M: Yes, a lot! They’re not just food—they’re part of our traditions.
W: Like what I heard people eat them on big days.
M: Yes. People in China always eat them at the Spring Festival. We think they can bring us good luck.
W: Why do you think so Is it because of their shape
M: Exactly! They look like old silver coins, so we say they bring wealth.
W: That’s fun! No wonder you love them so much.
M: Yes, sharing dumplings with family is full of love. It’s all about togetherness.
Question No. 13: What do dumplings stand for in Chinese culture according to the man
Question No. 14: When do Chinese people most importantly eat dumplings
Question No. 15: Besides luck, what else is sharing dumplings about
第三节 短文理解。根据你所听到的演讲内容，在横线处补全笔记。每空一词。短文读两遍。
El Nino is a weather event that changes the world’s climate. It happens every 2 to 7 years and lasts for several months.
Normally, winds push warm water west across the Pacific Ocean. But during El Nino, these winds get weaker. This lets the warm water move east, toward South America.
This causes big changes. In some places, it brings heavy rain and floods—like in Peru and California. In other areas, such as Australia and India, it leads to dry weather.
Scientists predict when El Nino will come according to ocean temperatures. It helps people prepare—like storing water and food or building walls to prevent flooding.
Though it can cause problems, El Nino is a natural part of Earth’s climate system. Learning about it helps us better deal with its effects.
参考答案
听力理解
1—5 A B C A C
6—10 B B B A C
11—15 B A C A C
16. weather event 17. months 18. moves east 19. Effects 20. natural part
二、概要补全
21. came out
22. an old fisherman
23. 84 days without catching anything
24. courage and perseverance
25. like/be interested in (reading) this book
三、完形填空
26. A 结合人脸识别在生活中的应用可知，本句句意为“人脸识别可帮助我们解锁手机、过机场安检甚至是付款”。
27. D 句意为“虽然它（人脸识别）很方便，但也在个人隐私上带来了较大的问题”。
28. D
29. B 由本段第一句的主语“我们”可知，本句句意为“公司不应该永久保存我们的人脸数据”。
30. C 句意为“例如，一个由人脸识别支付的商店在交易完成后应该立即删除（人脸）数据”。
31. B 句意为“在摄影机扫描你的脸部时，你应该知晓并同意”。
32. D 句意为“这样，就不会有不经过你的知晓而使用你的脸部数据的情况发生”。
33. A 句意为“还有，保护数据安全非常重要”。
34. C 句意为“公司必须保证人脸数据不受黑客的侵犯”。protect ... from ...意为“保护……免受……的伤害”。
35. C 句意为“人脸识别非常有用，但是我们需要合适的规则来保护隐私”。
四、阅读理解
A
36. B 由第一栏日期和第一、第二句可知，地震发生于4月14日晚上。
37. D 由第二栏第二至第四句可知，当洪水淹没地板，李南爬上桌子，然后和一个男的一起在大箱子上漂浮。
38. B 由上一句“雪变小了”可推测，不久后太阳可能会出现。
39. C 由第四栏第三句可知，贺天帮助跌倒的小女孩并带上她（一起跑到山上）的行为可推知，他很善良。
40. B 通读全文可知，材料是日记。
B
41. A 由第一段第一、二句可知，Tommy患自闭症，几乎从不与人说话，让妈妈担心。
42. C 由第二段第三句可知，虚拟男孩叫他一起玩球。
43. C 从Tommy使用VR后的变化可知，若继续使用VR，他会获得更多在生活中与人交谈的勇气。
44. D 通读全文可知，作者通过第一段Tommy几乎从不交谈到文章第四段可以做简单对话的对比，来描述Tommy使用VR前后的变化。
45. C 本文讲解了一个患自闭症的男孩使用网络工具前后变化的故事。
C
46. B
47. C
48. D 由第五段第二、三句可知，《山海经》既包含远古神话故事也表现了过去人们的思想和生活。
49. B 归纳每段主题句可知，第一、二段呈现人们对《山海经》的不同观点，第三、四段分析原因和与现实的联系，第五、六段作者表达自己的观点和小结。
50. B 通读全文可知，作者围绕《山海经》是神话传说还是历史这一谜题展开全文。
D
51. F 52. A 53. E 54. B 55. D
五、语篇填空
56. enjoy 57. only 58. harder 59. but 60. with
61. chance 62. divided 63. studying 64. his 65. years
66. for 67. The 68. in 69. is 70. to
六、补全对话
71. E 72. A 73. D 74. G 75. C
七、看图写话
76. Everyone went to the zoo except Tom last week.
77. Class Two/2 will play basketball against Class Three/3 tomorrow.
78. They are playing chess now.
79. There is an insect on the leaf.
80. She / The girl asked (the boy) if/whether he /the boy liked fables just now.
八、书面表达
参考范文
Learning happens everywhere in my life, not just from textbooks.
At home, my parents teach me a lot. When helping my mom cook and do housework, I learn to be patient and love my family. Dad shows me how to fix a broken chair and tells me to save every coin. Their lessons teach me the value of hard work.
After school, I sometimes watch short videos. Some teach me good ways to take notes, others tell stories of poor kids far away. They encourage me to improve myself.
Outside, polite citizens lead me to obey the traffic rules, not to throw litter in public.
All these are learning. They are not about exam grades but they help me grow. That’s the best learning, I think.
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