（单元培优卷）Unit 8 Natural disasters 单元综合素养培优卷-2025 - 2026学年八年级英语下册冀教版（2024）（含答案解析）
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| 名称 | （单元培优卷）Unit 8 Natural disasters 单元综合素养培优卷-2025 - 2026学年八年级英语下册冀教版（2024）（含答案解析） |
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| 更新时间 | 2026-03-06 00:00:00 | ||
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/ 让学习更有效 单元培优卷 | 英语学科
/ 让学习更有效 单元培优卷 | 英语学科
2025 - 2026学年八年级英语下册单元综合素养培优卷冀教版(2024)
Unit 8 Natural disasters
注意事项
1. 全卷满分120分。考试时间120分钟。试题包含选择题和非选择题。考生答题全部答在指定区域，答在非答题区无效。
2. 请认真核对监考教师在所粘贴条形码的姓名、考试证号是否与本人相符，再将自己的姓名、考试证号用0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔填写在本试卷上。
3. 答选择题必须用2B铅笔将对应的答案标号涂黑。如需改动请用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。答非选择题必须用0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔写在指定位置，在其他位置答题一律无效 。
第一部分 选择题（满分：60分）
一、单项选择（本大题共15小题，每小题1分，共15分）
1． My sister still coughs ____ and can't sleep well at night.
A．quietly B．easily C．badly D．happily
2． — The students worked out the difficult maths problem ____through teamwork.
— Great job!
A．carelessly B．successfully C．hardly D．slowly
3． If we don't ____ to stop pollution, there will be less fresh water.
A．take action B．make money C．do homework D．face danger
4． —____ do you ____ your old computer
—I'll give it to others.
A．What; deal with B．How; think of C．How; deal with D．What; like
5． There is ____ rain in this area every year.
A．a lot B．a number of C．too many D．plenty of
6． Which of the following words matches the sound /r 'li：s/？
A．replace B．reuse C．release D．realize
7． Alice is ____ at history but I do ____ in it. She often helps me with it.
A．good；well B．bad；well C．good；badly D．bad；badly
8．He has much experience as an engineer. So he can build the bridge _____________.
A．success B．succeed C．successful D．successfully
9．— I don't know how to ____________ the old clothes.
— Why not give them away to poor children
A．hand out B．give up C．deal with D．take up
10．Don't worry. I can ______ the problem myself.
A．deal with B．put up C．look at D．knock on
11．It is that Mr Guo sailed across the world by himself within about 130 days.
A．interested; successful B．excited; successfully
C．exciting; successfully D．interesting; successful
12．I have a sore _____. I think I need to drink hot tea with honey.
A．leg B．foot C．eye D．throat
13． The rivers will become dirtier if we don't ____ to protect them.
A．take action B．take place C．look for D．look after
14． — How do you ____ the problems in life，Tony？
— I usually talk to my parents and ask them for help.
A．agree with B．deal with C．talk with D．share with
15．Our motherland has a ______ people's army.
A．powerful B．power C．stone D．fat
二、完形填空（本大题共15小题，每小题1分，共15分）
Natural disasters influence millions of people all over the world. Each year, 16 like wildfires, storms, or earthquakes hit different communities.
Sarah Thompson works in the Save the Children. It’s a group to help keep kids 17 and healthy during natural disasters. They teach kids what to do 18 a natural disaster and how to recover (恢复) after that. Here are some questions about Miss Thompson’s job and 19 answers to them!
Why do you help people make 20 for disasters
Disasters can 21 anywhere. The best way to stay safe is to have a plan. That’s why in the Save the Children, we not only respond (作出反应) to disasters, but also help families get 22 .
What is the best thing to do if a disaster is coming
Listen 23 to the news. If you need to leave, go quickly! Have a bag packed with food, water, clothes, soap, and a flashlight.
24 do you help kids in shelters (避难所)
We set up safe space for kids there. We have toys, games, and books 25 they can play and relax. We also help schools open again, so kids can 26 school to learn.
Why is it important for kids to prepare for a natural disaster
Kids can do a lot and help change things for the 27 ! Their voice matters. They can help 28 adults. If kids are prepared and know what to do, it helps everyone.
Is it 29 to teach kids about natural disasters
No! Kids love learning and taking action. Don’t be 30 of disasters. Remember, caring adults like parents, teachers, police and firefighters are always there to help.
16．A．problems B．activities C．accidents D．events
17．A．busy B．safe C．clean D．smart
18．A．after B．before C．until D．about
19．A．his B．their C．her D．your
20．A．preparations B．friends C．rooms D．mistakes
21．A．break B．start C．happen D．go
22．A．quiet B．free C．wrong D．ready
23．A．early B．thankfully C．suddenly D．carefully
24．A．When B．Why C．How D．Which
25．A．since B．so C．or D．but
26．A．go back to B．pay attention to C．get used to D．look forward to
27．A．worse B．less C．better D．fewer
28．A．supply B．interview C．beat D．warn
29．A．hard B．easy C．terrible D．possible
30．A．afraid B．sure C．tired D．shy
三、阅读单选（本大题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分）
（A）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
Haitao and Lisa had very different experiences during the typhoon. Lisa’s family was not well prepared. They were driving home from her relatives’ house when the typhoon hit. The winds were strong and the rain was heavy. They almost got into an accident when a truck nearly hit them. When they finally arrived home, they found water everywhere. The house was badly damaged.
Haitao’s family, on the other hand, was well prepared. Before the typhoon arrived, they covered their windows with boards. They moved all their things off the floor to prevent them from getting wet. They also stored plenty of food and water. When the typhoon came, they stayed safely inside their house. After the typhoon passed, their house was still in good condition.
Lisa learned an important lesson from this experience. She realized that it’s very important to prepare for natural disasters. She told Haitao that next time, her family would make better preparations. Haitao agreed and said that being prepared can make a big difference.
Natural disasters can be dangerous and unpredictable. But with the right preparations, people can protect themselves and their homes. It’s always better to be safe than sorry.
31．What was Lisa doing when the typhoon hit
A．She was at home. B．She was driving home. C．She was in a store.
32．What happened to Lisa’s family while they were driving
A．They got lost. B．They almost got into an accident. C．They ran out of gas.
33．What did Haitao’s family do before the typhoon
A．They went to stay with relatives. B．They covered windows and stored supplies. C．They left the city.
34．How was Haitao’s house after the typhoon
A．It was damaged. B．It was in good condition. C．It was flooded.
35．What lesson did Lisa learn from this experience
A．It’s important to prepare for natural disasters.
B．Typhoons are not dangerous.
C．Driving during a typhoon is safe.
（B）
Nowadays, we have many different kinds of technologies to protect us from different disasters. We can even know where and when some disasters, like the typhoon, the flood and the earthquake, happen. While most of the new technologies are far away from us, some around us can help people in disasters.
The drone (无人机) is one of them. It can be used to send things like food and water when a natural disaster happens. It’s often too dangerous for the rescue teams to get into the buildings. So they make the drone fly into the buildings to search for those who are still alive. The drone is also a useful tool for firefighters to find and fight wildfires. In some faraway places in the world, drones are the fastest way to send medicine to people who are in great need of it.
Social media platforms (平台) are also useful when it comes to natural disasters. With their help, people can know about the natural disasters before they hit. And some social media platforms allow people to mark themselves as safe after disasters, so others can know their situations.
Social media platforms are also places for up-to-date news, so people can learn what is going on in disaster areas. Besides, many social media platforms allow people to donate (捐赠) money to help people in disaster areas. The money will help them get back to their normal life as soon as possible. For example, live streaming (直播) helped raise a lot of money for Henan after the flood in 2021.
Although these technologies can help us a lot when there is a natural disaster, we still need to prepare necessary tools and learn important skills to protect ourselves.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
36．What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 2 refer to
A．Drones.
B．The rescue teams.
C．The people in disaster areas.
D．The social media platforms.
37．According to the passage, the drone can fly into dangerous buildings to ________ after disasters.
A．call rescue teams
B．send food and water
C．search for people alive
D．remind people of danger
38．Why does the writer mention live streaming
A．To show social media platforms can provide up-to-date news.
B．To show people can know about coming disasters through social media platforms.
C．To show social media platforms can help raise money after a disaster.
D．To show people can tell others they are safe through social media platforms.
39．What is the correct structure of the passage (①=Paragraph 1)
A． B． C． D．
40．What does this passage mainly talk about
A．It tells us what to do when disasters come.
B．It advises us to use social media platforms more often.
C．It tells us how some technologies help people in disasters.
D．It suggests that we should learn self-protection skills during disasters.
（C）
Natural disasters are sudden events that usually cause a lot of damage. People may lose their homes, money and even lives during the disasters. We have recently found that natural disasters sometimes happen. So we decide to find out some famous natural disasters around the world.
Hurricanes (飓风) are very dangerous storms with strong winds. The worst Atlantic hurricane in history was the Great Hurricane from 10th October to 16th October in 1780.
When a volcanic eruption(火山喷发) happens, it throws hot liquid rock(岩浆) and gases into the air through the hole at the top. On 26th August, 1883, the Earth made the loudest sound from the island of Krakatoa.
On 1st November, 1755, an earthquake hit Lisbon, Portugal. The ground moved for ten minutes. The earthquake broke most of the buildings in the city apart.
On 28th December, 1908, a tsunami hit Messina, Italy. The huge wall of seawater was about ten metres high. How high do you think the seawater was in that tsunami
41．How many kinds of natural disasters are mentioned in the text
A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five.
42．According to the text, which natural disaster made the loudest sound in history
A．The Great Hurricane in 1780.
B．The Krakatoa volcanic eruption in 1883.
C．The Lisbon earthquake in 1755.
D．The Messina tsunami in 1908.
43．How long did the ground move during the Lisbon earthquake in 1755
A．For 1 minute. B．For 5 minutes. C．For 10 minutes. D．For 15 minutes.
44．Which natural disaster is most likely to cause serious damage to buildings according to the text
A．Hurricanes, because of their strong winds.
B．Earthquakes, because the ground moved.
C．Tsunamis, because of the huge waves.
D．Volcanic eruptions, because of the hot liquid rock.
45．We most probably read the text at ______.
A．www.fisu**.com/sports/
B．www.bbcamerica**.com/movies/
C．www.worldgeography**.com/nature/
D．www.chinahighlights**.com/greatwall/
第二部分 非选择题（满分：60分）
四、词汇应用（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）
46．The ________ (careful) you are, the safer you will be.
47．The ________ (mean) of safety is life.
48．The ________ (early) you leave, the safer you are.
49．They ________ (visit) the disaster area last month.
50．He ________ (forget) to take his umbrella yesterday.
51．Everything in this store is very ________ (昂贵的). But the quality is really good.
52．The ________ (地震) happened suddenly, but luckily no one got hurt.
53．The students screamed because of the thunder and ________ (闪电) .
54．Children mustn’t play with dangerous ________ (物品) like knives or scissors.
55．World Health Day is used to ________ (强调) the importance of personal health.
五、完成句子（本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分）
56．我们需要经常练习逃生演练，以便更好地应对紧急情况。
We need to practice escape drills often to deal with _________ better.
57．在危险时刻，我们应该克服恐惧并迅速行动。
We should _________ our fears and act quickly in times of danger.
58．地震中所有学生都用手护住了头部。
All the students _________ their heads with their hands during the earthquake.
59．团队合作能提高我们在灾害中的生存几率。
_________ can increase our chances of survival in a disaster.
60．当建筑物开始摇晃时，老师喊他的学生们快跑。
When the building started to _________, the teacher shouted to his students to run.
六、短文语法填空（本大题共10小题，每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或使用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。
On 26 December 2004, Tilly Smith, a 10-year-old English schoolgirl, and her family were on holiday in Phuket, Thailand. Everyone 61 (enjoy) the beautiful weather that morning. Some people were swimming in the sea, and some were relaxing on the beach.
While Tilly was walking along the beach with her family, she 62 (notice) something strange. Thick white froth was forming on top of the waves. Next, she saw that the waves were coming in instead of 63 (go) out.
Just then, she remembered something important. Two weeks before, her geography teacher 64 (explain) that earthquakes under the sea could create dangerous waves called tsunamis!
“I know what’s going to happen! There’s going to be a big wave,” Tilly cried. Unfortunately, her family didn’t believe her and wanted to continue their walk. However, Tilly refused to take a single step 65 (far). Finally, her mother decided to continue the walk alone, and the rest of her family returned to the hotel.
Back at the hotel, Tilly’s father told a security guard about the tsunami. The security guard was 66 (shock). He knew about the huge earthquake in nearby Indonesia. He jumped into action right away and rushed 67 (get) people off the beach. Everyone began to panic.
Tilly was right! Her mother was one of the last people on the beach, but thankfully, her family made it to safety just as the water 68 (hit) the hotel. The 2004 tsunami caused over 200,000 69 (die), but no one on that beach died that day.
This true story shows how a single lesson could mean the difference between life and 70 (die). Thanks to her knowledge and quick thinking, one schoolgirl was able to save over 100 lives.
七、材料作文（本大题共25分）
71．假设你校英文网站的学生论坛近期发起了一场关于如何在自然灾害中保护自己的讨论。请你根据下面表格的提示写一篇短文。
Natural disasters We should We shouldn’t
A flood … …
An earthquake … …
A wildfire … …
要求: 1.短文须包含表格内的所有提示内容，可适当发挥；2.词数80左右。
Natural disasters happen from time to time, so it’s of great importance for us to know what to do when they happen. Here are some tips.
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参考答案及试题解析
1．C
【解析】句意： 我的妹妹仍然咳嗽严重，晚上睡不好。 A安静地，B容易地，C严重地，D幸福的，根据"and can't sleep well at night. "可知咳嗽得厉害，故选C。
【点评】考查副词辨析，注意识记常见副词的含义。
2．B
【解析】句意：——通过团队合作，学生们成功地解决了数学问题。——做得好！A粗心地，B成功地，C几乎不，D慢慢地，根据" Great job! "可知学生们成功地解决了数学问题，故选B。
【点评】考查副词辨析。注意识记常见副词的含义。
3．A
【解析】句意：如果我们不采取行动制止污染，淡水将会更少。A. take action（采取行动）；B. make money（赚钱）；C. do homework（做作业）；D. face danger（面对危险）。根据"stop pollution（制止污染）"和"less fresh water（更少的淡水）"的语境，可知此处应是"采取行动"，符合逻辑，故选A。
【点评】考查短语辨析。注意结合语境选择符合逻辑的短语，同时牢记固定短语"take action to do sth."的用法。
4．C
【解析】句意：——你如何处理你的旧电脑？——我会把它给别人。A.What什么，deal with处理；B.How如何，think of认为；C.How如何，deal with处理；D.What什么，like喜欢。根据答句"I'll give it toothers."可知，此处描述的是处理旧电脑的方式，询问方式应用疑问副词How。What用于询问事物。deal with，处理，是及物动词短语，可直接接宾语；think of认为，常用句型：What do you think of... 你认为......怎么样 ，不符合此处"处理"的语境，故选C。
【点评】考查特殊疑问句以及动词短语。注意根据答句确定疑问词和动词短语。
5．D
【解析】句意：每年在这个地区都会有大量的雨水。A许多，修饰动词，B许多，修饰名词复数，C太多的，修饰名词复数，D大量的，修饰不可数名词。rain是不可数名词。故用plenty of修饰，故选D。
【点评】考查短语辨析，注意识记plenty of的用法。
6．C
【解析】句意： 下面哪个单词与这个 /r 'li：s/ 匹配 ？A. /r ple s/代替，动词；B. / ri ju z/重复使用，动词；C. /r 'li：s/ 释放，动词；D. / ri la z/意识到，动词。C项单词发/r 'li：s/音，故选C。
【点评】考查单词辨音。注意不同单词的读音。
7．C
【解析】句意：Alice擅长历史，但我在这方面做得很差。她经常在这方面帮助我。根据She often helps me with it，可知Alice擅长历史，be good at擅长……，她经常帮助我，可知我不擅长，即badly，故选C。
【点评】考查形容词和副词的用法以及它们在句子中的正确位置。需要注意的是，虽然"badly"通常作为副词使用，但在某些情况下，它也可以作为形容词，用来描述性质或特点。此外，还需要注意句子中的语境和逻辑关系，以确保所选词语与句子的整体意义相符。
8．D
【解析】句意：作为一名工程师他有丰富的经验。因此他可以成功地建好这座桥。A.成功，名词；B.成功，动词原形；C.成功的，形容词；D.成功地，副词。根据副词作状语修饰动词，可知此处应用副词successfully“成功地”修饰动词build“建造”。故选D。
【点评】考查副词。注意掌握副词作状语修饰动词的用法。
9．C
【解析】句意：——我不知道怎样处理这些旧衣服。——为什么不把它们捐给贫困的孩子？A hand out分发；B give up放弃；C deal with处理；D take up开始从事。根据Why not give them away to poor children 可知要处理旧衣服。故选C。
【点评】考查短语辨析。注意识记固定搭配deal with的用法。
10．A
【解析】句意：别担心，我可以自己解决这个问题。deal with对付；处理；put up搭起；张贴；Clook at看……；knock on撞击……。problem，问题，要解决，故答案为A。
【点评】考查短语辨析。熟练掌握短语意思，根据语境判断答案。
11．C
【解析】句意：郭先生大约用了130天独自成功地环游了世界，这真让人感到兴奋。句型：It's +形容词+that从句，excited用来形容人，exciting用来形容物。修饰动词短语sailed across the world应使用副词successfully。故选C。
【点评】考查形容词副词辨析。
12．D
【解析】句意：我嗓子疼，我认为我需要喝带蜂蜜的热茶。A. Leg腿；B. foot脚；C. Eye眼睛；D. Throat嗓子。根据下文的回答可知是嗓子疼。根据题意，故选D。
【点评】考查名词的辨析。
13．A
【解析】句意：河流将会变得更脏如果我们不采取行动保护河流。take action 采取行动；take place 发生；look for 寻找；look after 照顾。根据"河流将会变得更脏"推理"如果我们不采取行动保护河流"。故选A。
【点评】考查短语辨析。明确句意，分析选项，得出答案。
14．B
【解析】句意：—— Tony，你如何处理生活中的问题？ —— 我通常和我的父母交谈并寻求他们的帮助。A：agree with —— 表示"同意某人的观点或建议"。B：deal with —— 表示"处理，解决"，常用于描述处理某种问题或情况。C：talk with —— 表示"与某人交谈"。D：share with —— 表示"与某人分享"。因为问题是要询问Tony如何处理生活中的问题，而"deal with"恰好表示处理或解决问题，所以选项B最符合语境。故选B。
【点评】考查动词短语的辨析。根据句子的语境和所给选项的含义，我们可以选择最符合句意的动词短语。在这个例子中，我们需要找到一个表示"处理或解决问题"的短语，而"deal with"正是这样的短语。
15．A
【解析】句意：我们的祖国有一支强大的人民军队。A.强大的，形容词；B.强大，名词；C.石头，名词；D.胖的，形容词。army军队，名词，前面用形容词修饰，排除B、C，结合句子可知讲的是我们的祖国有一支强大的人民军队。故选A。
【点评】考查词性辨析和形容词辨析，注意平时识记形容词修饰名词，理解句意。
16．D 17．B 18．B 19．C 20．A 21．C 22．D 23．D 24．C 25．B 26．A 27．C 28．D 29．A 30．A
【导语】本文是说明文，主要介绍了救助儿童会在自然灾害中如何帮助儿童保持安全、教会他们防灾与自救知识，并强调了儿童参与防灾的重要性。
16．句意：每年，像野火、风暴或地震这样的事件都会袭击不同的社区。
problems问题；activities活动；accidents事故；events事件。根据“wildfires, storms, or earthquakes”可知，这些都是事件。故选D。
17．句意：这是一个帮助孩子们在自然灾害中保持安全和健康的组织。
busy繁忙的；safe安全的；clean干净的；smart智能的。根据“It’s a group to help keep kids ... and healthy during natural disasters.”可知，这个组织的目的是帮助孩子们在自然灾害中保持安全和健康。故选B。
18．句意：他们教孩子们在自然灾害发生前该做什么，以及之后如何恢复。
after在……之后；before在……之前；until直到……；about关于。根据“They teach kids what to do ... a natural disaster and how to recover (恢复) after that.”可知，此处指教孩子们在自然灾害发生之前做什么。故选B。
19．句意：这里有一些关于汤普森小姐的工作以及她对这些问题的回答！
his他的；their他们的；her她的；your你的。根据“Sarah Thompson”可知，此处指她对这些问题的回答。故选C。
20．句意：你为什么帮助人们为灾难做准备？
preparations准备；friends朋友；rooms房间；mistakes错误。根据“The best way to stay safe is to have a plan.”可知，此处指为灾害做准备。故选A。
21．句意：灾难可能在任何地方发生。
break打破；start开始；happen发生；go进行。根据“Disasters can ... anywhere.”可知，灾害可能在任何地方发生。故选C。
22．句意：这就是为什么在救助儿童会，我们不仅应对灾难，还帮助家庭做好准备。
quiet安静的；free空闲的；wrong错误的；ready准备好的。根据“That’s why in the Save the Children, we not only respond (作出反应) to disasters, but also help families get ...”可知，她们不仅要对灾害作出反应，还要帮助家庭做好准备。故选D。
23．句意：仔细听新闻。如果需要离开，就迅速出发！
early提前；thankfully感激地；suddenly突然；carefully仔细地。根据“Listen ... to the news.”可知，此处指要认真听新闻。故选D。
24．句意：你如何帮助避难所里的孩子？
When何时；Why为什么；How怎么样；Which哪一个。根据“We set up safe space for kids there ... school to learn.”可知，此处问的是怎样帮助避难所里的孩子们。故选C。
25．句意：我们有玩具、游戏和书，所以他们可以玩耍和放松。
since自从；so因此；or否则；but但是。根据“We have toys, games, and books ... they can play and relax.”可知，前后句是因果关系。故选B。
26．句意：我们也帮助学校重新开放，这样孩子们就可以回到学校学习。
go back to回到；pay attention to注意；get used to习惯；look forward to期待。根据“We also help schools open again”可知，重开学校的目的是帮助孩子们重返学校学习。故选A。
27．句意：孩子们可以做很多事，帮助让情况变得更好！
worse更糟糕；less更少；better更好；fewer更少。根据“Kids can do a lot and help change things for the ....”可知，孩子们可以帮助事情变得更好。故选C。
28．句意：他们可以帮助提醒成年人。
supply供应；interview面试；beat打败；warn警告。根据“Their voice matters.”可知，孩子们可以提醒大人注意危险。故选D。
29．句意：教孩子关于自然灾害的知识很难吗？
hard难得；easy容易的；terrible可怕的；possible可能的。根据“No! Kids love learning and taking action.”可知，此处问的是教孩子们有关自然灾害的知识难不难。故选A。
30．句意：不要害怕灾难。
afraid害怕的；sure确定；tired劳累的；shy害羞的。根据“Remember, caring adults like parents, teachers, police and firefighters are always there to help.”可知，此处指不要害怕灾害。故选A。
31．B 32．B 33．B 34．B 35．A
【导语】本文通过对比台风中Lisa一家和Haitao一家的不同经历，说明提前应对自然灾害做好准备的重要性。
31．细节理解题。根据“They were driving home from her relatives’ house when the typhoon hit.”可知，当台风来袭时，Lisa一家正从亲戚家开车回家。故选B。
32．细节理解题。根据“They almost got into an accident when a truck nearly hit them.”可知，Lisa的家人在路上差点出了事故。故选B。
33．细节理解题。根据“Before the typhoon arrived, they covered their windows with boards.”及“They also stored plenty of food and water.”可知，台风来临前，Haitao家盖住了窗户储存了物资。故选B。
34．细节理解题。根据“After the typhoon passed, their house was still in good condition.”可知，台风过后，他们的房子仍然完好无损。故选B。
35．细节理解题。根据“She realized that it’s very important to prepare for natural disasters.”可知，Lisa从这次经历中学到了为自然灾害做好准备很重要。故选A。
36．B 37．C 38．C 39．D 40．C
【导语】本文介绍了无人机与社交媒体平台两类科技在自然灾害中为人们提供帮助的具体作用，结尾点明尽管这些科技能提供诸多帮助，人们仍需要提前准备工具、学习自我保护技能来守护自身安全。
36．词句猜测题。 根据第二段“It’s often too dangerous for the rescue teams to get into the buildings. So they make the drone fly into the buildings to search for those who are still alive.”可知，“they”指代前句提到的“the rescue teams”（救援队）。故选B。
37．细节理解题。 根据第二段“So they make the drone fly into the buildings to search for those who are still alive.”可知，无人机可以飞入危险的建筑物以搜寻幸存者。故选C。
38．推理判断题。根据第四段“Besides, many social media platforms allow people to donate (捐赠) money to help people in disaster areas…For example, live streaming (直播) helped raise a lot of money for Henan after the flood in 2021.”可推知，作者提到直播的例子，是为了具体说明社交媒体平台可以帮助筹集救灾资金。故选C。
39．篇章结构题。 文章第一段总起全文，介绍一些科技能在灾难中帮助我们；第二段详细介绍无人机的作用；第三、四段详细介绍社交媒体平台的作用；第五段进行补充和总结。因此，选项D图示的结构是正确的。故选D。
40．主旨大意题。 通读全文，文章主要介绍了无人机和社交媒体平台在灾难预警、救援、信息传播和募捐等方面的具体帮助。因此，文章的核心内容是讲述一些科技如何在灾难中帮助人们。故选C。
41．C 42．B 43．C 44．B 45．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了飓风、火山喷发、地震和海啸四种自然灾害，并列举了历史上这四类灾害中具有代表性的事件及其特点。
41．细节理解题。通读全文可知，根据文中“Hurricanes”“volcanic eruption”“earthquake”以及“tsunami”可知，文章提到了飓风、火山喷发、地震和海啸共四种自然灾害。故选C。
42．细节理解题。根据第三段中“On 26th August, 1883, the Earth made the loudest sound from the island of Krakatoa.”可知，1883年的喀拉喀托火山喷发产生了历史上最响亮的声音。故选B。
43．细节理解题。根据第四段中“On 1st November, 1755, an earthquake hit Lisbon, Portugal. The ground moved for ten minutes.”可知，1755年里斯本大地震中，地面震动了十分钟。故选C。
44．推理判断题。根据第四段中“The ground moved for ten minutes. The earthquake broke most of the buildings in the city apart.”可知，由于地面震动，地震震毁了城市中大多数建筑物，因此地震最有可能对建筑物造成严重破坏。故选B。
45．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章内容涉及世界各地的自然灾害，属于地理或自然类话题，因此最可能出现在与自然或地理相关的网站上。故选C。
46．more careful
【解析】句意：你越仔细，你就会越安全。分析句子可知是“the+比较级, the+比较级”结构，表示“越……就越……”，此处作表语应是形容词，careful的比较级是more careful。故填more careful。
47．meaning
【解析】句意：安全的意义是生命。mean“意思”，动词。根据定冠词“The”和介词“of”可知，此处应填名词形式meaning“意义”，在句中作主语。故填meaning。
48．earlier
【解析】句意：你离开得越早，你就越安全。“the+比较级，the+比较级”表示“越……，就越……”。形容词early的比较级是earlier。故填earlier。
49．visited
【解析】句意：他们上个月去了那个受灾地区。根据“last month”可知，时态为一般过去时，动词用过去式，visit的过去式为visited。故填visited。
50．forgot
【解析】句意：他昨天忘记带伞了。根据时间状语“yesterday”可知，本句时态为一般过去时，forget的过去式是forgot。故填forgot。
51．expensive
【解析】句意：这家商店里的所有东西都非常昂贵，但质量很好。“昂贵的”对应的英文为expensive，是形容词，在句中作表语，描述“Everything in this store”的特征。故填expensive。
52．earthquake
【解析】句意：这场地震突然发生，但幸运的是没有人受伤。earthquake“地震”，此处表示特指，用名词单数作主语。故填earthquake。
53．lightning
【解析】句意：学生们因为雷声和闪电而尖叫。闪电“lightning”，根据“thunder and...”可知，此处用名词lightning与thunder并列作宾语，lightning是不可数名词。故填lightning。
54．objects/items
【解析】句意：儿童不能玩刀或剪刀等危险物品。“物品”英文表达为object/item，均为可数名词，句中“knives or scissors”表示多种物品，因此此处应用其复数形式objects/items。故填objects/items。
55．highlight
【解析】句意：世界卫生日被用来强调个人健康的重要性。根据汉语提示可知，highlight“强调”，be used to do sth.“被用来做某事”，此处应用动词原形。故填highlight。
56．emergencies
【解析】根据中英文对照可知，填空处为“紧急情况”， emergency“紧急情况”，此处用复数形式emergencies，表示泛指。故填emergencies。
57．overcome
【解析】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“克服”。overcome“克服”，动词；情态动词“should”后应接动词原形“overcome”。故填overcome。
58．covered
【解析】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“护住了”。cover“覆盖/遮盖”，动词；描述过去发生的事情，需用一般过去时，动词“cover”需用过去式“covered”。故填covered。
59．Teamwork
【解析】根据中英文对照可知，填空处为“团队合作”，teamwork“团队合作”，是不可数名词，句首首字母大写。故填Teamwork。
60．shake
【解析】对照中英文可知，空处缺少“摇晃”，应用动词“shake”，前面有“started to”，动词用原形即可。故填shake。
61．was enjoying 62．noticed 63．going 64．had explained 65．further 66．shocked 67．to get 68．hit 69．deaths 70．death
【导语】本文讲述了2004年印度洋海啸中，10岁英国女孩蒂莉·史密斯凭借地理课上学到的知识，成功拯救了海滩上百人生命的真实故事。
61．句意：那天早上每个人都在享受着美好的天气。根据时间状语“that morning”以及上下文描述的是过去某个时刻正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时。主语Everyone视为单数，故填was enjoying。
62．句意：当蒂莉和家人沿着海滩散步时，她注意到一些奇怪的事情。根据“While Tilly was walking along the beach with her family”可知，此处描述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，notice的过去式是noticed。故填noticed。
63．句意：接下来，她看到海浪正在涌来而不是退去。介词of后应接动名词形式。故填going。
64．句意：两周前，她的地理老师解释过海底地震可能产生称为海啸的危险海浪。动作explain发生在remembered之前，表示“过去的过去”，用过去完成时，其结构为had done，故填had explained。
65．句意：然而，蒂莉拒绝再往前走一步。此处表示“更远的一步”，用far的比较级形式further。故填further。
66．句意：保安人员感到震惊。此处描述人的感受，应用-ed结尾的形容词shocked，表示“感到震惊的”。故填shocked。
67．句意：他立即行动起来，冲过去让人们离开海滩。此处用不定式表示目的，即“冲过去的目的为了让人们离开海滩”。故填to get。
68．句意：值得庆幸的是，就在海水冲击酒店时，她的家人安全脱险。此处是as引导的时间状语从句，描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。hit的过去式仍为hit。故填hit。
69．句意：2004年的海啸造成了超过20万人死亡，但那天那个海滩上没有人死亡。“over 200,000”后应接可数名词复数形式。die为动词，其名词为death，复数为deaths。故填deaths。
70．句意：这个真实的故事展示了一堂课如何可能意味着生与死的区别。between life and death是固定表达，意为“生死之间”。故填death。
71．例文
Natural disasters happen from time to time, so it’s of great importance for us to know what to do when they happen. Here are some tips.
When a flood happens, we’d better get to a higher place. We shouldn’t walk or swim through the floodwater. If an earthquake happens, we should hide and run out of the building when the ground stops shaking. We shouldn’t stand near a tall building. If we are outside when a wildfire begins, we should get away quickly and call 119. We shouldn’t breathe in the smoke, or we will be easily hurt by it. Lastly, we should stay calm.
【解析】[总体分析]
①题材：本文是一篇材料作文；
②时态：本文应使用“一般现在时”为主；
③提示：应注意题干给出的要点并适当补充，使文章内容充实。
[写作步骤]
第一步，借用文章已给开头，引出主题；
第二步，根据题干的要点，分别描述三种灾害下的正确与错误做法；
第三步，用一句话总结，强调这些建议的重要性。
[亮点词汇]
①run out of从……中跑出
②stay calm保持冷静
[高分句型]
①When a flood happens, we’d better get to a higher place.（时间状语从句）
②If we are outside when a wildfire begins, we should get away quickly and call 119.（条件状语从句）
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/ 让学习更有效 单元培优卷 | 英语学科
2025 - 2026学年八年级英语下册单元综合素养培优卷冀教版(2024)
Unit 8 Natural disasters
注意事项
1. 全卷满分120分。考试时间120分钟。试题包含选择题和非选择题。考生答题全部答在指定区域，答在非答题区无效。
2. 请认真核对监考教师在所粘贴条形码的姓名、考试证号是否与本人相符，再将自己的姓名、考试证号用0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔填写在本试卷上。
3. 答选择题必须用2B铅笔将对应的答案标号涂黑。如需改动请用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。答非选择题必须用0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔写在指定位置，在其他位置答题一律无效 。
第一部分 选择题（满分：60分）
一、单项选择（本大题共15小题，每小题1分，共15分）
1． My sister still coughs ____ and can't sleep well at night.
A．quietly B．easily C．badly D．happily
2． — The students worked out the difficult maths problem ____through teamwork.
— Great job!
A．carelessly B．successfully C．hardly D．slowly
3． If we don't ____ to stop pollution, there will be less fresh water.
A．take action B．make money C．do homework D．face danger
4． —____ do you ____ your old computer
—I'll give it to others.
A．What; deal with B．How; think of C．How; deal with D．What; like
5． There is ____ rain in this area every year.
A．a lot B．a number of C．too many D．plenty of
6． Which of the following words matches the sound /r 'li：s/？
A．replace B．reuse C．release D．realize
7． Alice is ____ at history but I do ____ in it. She often helps me with it.
A．good；well B．bad；well C．good；badly D．bad；badly
8．He has much experience as an engineer. So he can build the bridge _____________.
A．success B．succeed C．successful D．successfully
9．— I don't know how to ____________ the old clothes.
— Why not give them away to poor children
A．hand out B．give up C．deal with D．take up
10．Don't worry. I can ______ the problem myself.
A．deal with B．put up C．look at D．knock on
11．It is that Mr Guo sailed across the world by himself within about 130 days.
A．interested; successful B．excited; successfully
C．exciting; successfully D．interesting; successful
12．I have a sore _____. I think I need to drink hot tea with honey.
A．leg B．foot C．eye D．throat
13． The rivers will become dirtier if we don't ____ to protect them.
A．take action B．take place C．look for D．look after
14． — How do you ____ the problems in life，Tony？
— I usually talk to my parents and ask them for help.
A．agree with B．deal with C．talk with D．share with
15．Our motherland has a ______ people's army.
A．powerful B．power C．stone D．fat
二、完形填空（本大题共15小题，每小题1分，共15分）
Natural disasters influence millions of people all over the world. Each year, 16 like wildfires, storms, or earthquakes hit different communities.
Sarah Thompson works in the Save the Children. It’s a group to help keep kids 17 and healthy during natural disasters. They teach kids what to do 18 a natural disaster and how to recover (恢复) after that. Here are some questions about Miss Thompson’s job and 19 answers to them!
Why do you help people make 20 for disasters
Disasters can 21 anywhere. The best way to stay safe is to have a plan. That’s why in the Save the Children, we not only respond (作出反应) to disasters, but also help families get 22 .
What is the best thing to do if a disaster is coming
Listen 23 to the news. If you need to leave, go quickly! Have a bag packed with food, water, clothes, soap, and a flashlight.
24 do you help kids in shelters (避难所)
We set up safe space for kids there. We have toys, games, and books 25 they can play and relax. We also help schools open again, so kids can 26 school to learn.
Why is it important for kids to prepare for a natural disaster
Kids can do a lot and help change things for the 27 ! Their voice matters. They can help 28 adults. If kids are prepared and know what to do, it helps everyone.
Is it 29 to teach kids about natural disasters
No! Kids love learning and taking action. Don’t be 30 of disasters. Remember, caring adults like parents, teachers, police and firefighters are always there to help.
16．A．problems B．activities C．accidents D．events
17．A．busy B．safe C．clean D．smart
18．A．after B．before C．until D．about
19．A．his B．their C．her D．your
20．A．preparations B．friends C．rooms D．mistakes
21．A．break B．start C．happen D．go
22．A．quiet B．free C．wrong D．ready
23．A．early B．thankfully C．suddenly D．carefully
24．A．When B．Why C．How D．Which
25．A．since B．so C．or D．but
26．A．go back to B．pay attention to C．get used to D．look forward to
27．A．worse B．less C．better D．fewer
28．A．supply B．interview C．beat D．warn
29．A．hard B．easy C．terrible D．possible
30．A．afraid B．sure C．tired D．shy
三、阅读单选（本大题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分）
（A）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
Haitao and Lisa had very different experiences during the typhoon. Lisa’s family was not well prepared. They were driving home from her relatives’ house when the typhoon hit. The winds were strong and the rain was heavy. They almost got into an accident when a truck nearly hit them. When they finally arrived home, they found water everywhere. The house was badly damaged.
Haitao’s family, on the other hand, was well prepared. Before the typhoon arrived, they covered their windows with boards. They moved all their things off the floor to prevent them from getting wet. They also stored plenty of food and water. When the typhoon came, they stayed safely inside their house. After the typhoon passed, their house was still in good condition.
Lisa learned an important lesson from this experience. She realized that it’s very important to prepare for natural disasters. She told Haitao that next time, her family would make better preparations. Haitao agreed and said that being prepared can make a big difference.
Natural disasters can be dangerous and unpredictable. But with the right preparations, people can protect themselves and their homes. It’s always better to be safe than sorry.
31．What was Lisa doing when the typhoon hit
A．She was at home. B．She was driving home. C．She was in a store.
32．What happened to Lisa’s family while they were driving
A．They got lost. B．They almost got into an accident. C．They ran out of gas.
33．What did Haitao’s family do before the typhoon
A．They went to stay with relatives. B．They covered windows and stored supplies. C．They left the city.
34．How was Haitao’s house after the typhoon
A．It was damaged. B．It was in good condition. C．It was flooded.
35．What lesson did Lisa learn from this experience
A．It’s important to prepare for natural disasters.
B．Typhoons are not dangerous.
C．Driving during a typhoon is safe.
（B）
Nowadays, we have many different kinds of technologies to protect us from different disasters. We can even know where and when some disasters, like the typhoon, the flood and the earthquake, happen. While most of the new technologies are far away from us, some around us can help people in disasters.
The drone (无人机) is one of them. It can be used to send things like food and water when a natural disaster happens. It’s often too dangerous for the rescue teams to get into the buildings. So they make the drone fly into the buildings to search for those who are still alive. The drone is also a useful tool for firefighters to find and fight wildfires. In some faraway places in the world, drones are the fastest way to send medicine to people who are in great need of it.
Social media platforms (平台) are also useful when it comes to natural disasters. With their help, people can know about the natural disasters before they hit. And some social media platforms allow people to mark themselves as safe after disasters, so others can know their situations.
Social media platforms are also places for up-to-date news, so people can learn what is going on in disaster areas. Besides, many social media platforms allow people to donate (捐赠) money to help people in disaster areas. The money will help them get back to their normal life as soon as possible. For example, live streaming (直播) helped raise a lot of money for Henan after the flood in 2021.
Although these technologies can help us a lot when there is a natural disaster, we still need to prepare necessary tools and learn important skills to protect ourselves.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
36．What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 2 refer to
A．Drones.
B．The rescue teams.
C．The people in disaster areas.
D．The social media platforms.
37．According to the passage, the drone can fly into dangerous buildings to ________ after disasters.
A．call rescue teams
B．send food and water
C．search for people alive
D．remind people of danger
38．Why does the writer mention live streaming
A．To show social media platforms can provide up-to-date news.
B．To show people can know about coming disasters through social media platforms.
C．To show social media platforms can help raise money after a disaster.
D．To show people can tell others they are safe through social media platforms.
39．What is the correct structure of the passage (①=Paragraph 1)
A． B． C． D．
40．What does this passage mainly talk about
A．It tells us what to do when disasters come.
B．It advises us to use social media platforms more often.
C．It tells us how some technologies help people in disasters.
D．It suggests that we should learn self-protection skills during disasters.
（C）
Natural disasters are sudden events that usually cause a lot of damage. People may lose their homes, money and even lives during the disasters. We have recently found that natural disasters sometimes happen. So we decide to find out some famous natural disasters around the world.
Hurricanes (飓风) are very dangerous storms with strong winds. The worst Atlantic hurricane in history was the Great Hurricane from 10th October to 16th October in 1780.
When a volcanic eruption(火山喷发) happens, it throws hot liquid rock(岩浆) and gases into the air through the hole at the top. On 26th August, 1883, the Earth made the loudest sound from the island of Krakatoa.
On 1st November, 1755, an earthquake hit Lisbon, Portugal. The ground moved for ten minutes. The earthquake broke most of the buildings in the city apart.
On 28th December, 1908, a tsunami hit Messina, Italy. The huge wall of seawater was about ten metres high. How high do you think the seawater was in that tsunami
41．How many kinds of natural disasters are mentioned in the text
A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five.
42．According to the text, which natural disaster made the loudest sound in history
A．The Great Hurricane in 1780.
B．The Krakatoa volcanic eruption in 1883.
C．The Lisbon earthquake in 1755.
D．The Messina tsunami in 1908.
43．How long did the ground move during the Lisbon earthquake in 1755
A．For 1 minute. B．For 5 minutes. C．For 10 minutes. D．For 15 minutes.
44．Which natural disaster is most likely to cause serious damage to buildings according to the text
A．Hurricanes, because of their strong winds.
B．Earthquakes, because the ground moved.
C．Tsunamis, because of the huge waves.
D．Volcanic eruptions, because of the hot liquid rock.
45．We most probably read the text at ______.
A．www.fisu**.com/sports/
B．www.bbcamerica**.com/movies/
C．www.worldgeography**.com/nature/
D．www.chinahighlights**.com/greatwall/
第二部分 非选择题（满分：60分）
四、词汇应用（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）
46．The ________ (careful) you are, the safer you will be.
47．The ________ (mean) of safety is life.
48．The ________ (early) you leave, the safer you are.
49．They ________ (visit) the disaster area last month.
50．He ________ (forget) to take his umbrella yesterday.
51．Everything in this store is very ________ (昂贵的). But the quality is really good.
52．The ________ (地震) happened suddenly, but luckily no one got hurt.
53．The students screamed because of the thunder and ________ (闪电) .
54．Children mustn’t play with dangerous ________ (物品) like knives or scissors.
55．World Health Day is used to ________ (强调) the importance of personal health.
五、完成句子（本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分）
56．我们需要经常练习逃生演练，以便更好地应对紧急情况。
We need to practice escape drills often to deal with _________ better.
57．在危险时刻，我们应该克服恐惧并迅速行动。
We should _________ our fears and act quickly in times of danger.
58．地震中所有学生都用手护住了头部。
All the students _________ their heads with their hands during the earthquake.
59．团队合作能提高我们在灾害中的生存几率。
_________ can increase our chances of survival in a disaster.
60．当建筑物开始摇晃时，老师喊他的学生们快跑。
When the building started to _________, the teacher shouted to his students to run.
六、短文语法填空（本大题共10小题，每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或使用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。
On 26 December 2004, Tilly Smith, a 10-year-old English schoolgirl, and her family were on holiday in Phuket, Thailand. Everyone 61 (enjoy) the beautiful weather that morning. Some people were swimming in the sea, and some were relaxing on the beach.
While Tilly was walking along the beach with her family, she 62 (notice) something strange. Thick white froth was forming on top of the waves. Next, she saw that the waves were coming in instead of 63 (go) out.
Just then, she remembered something important. Two weeks before, her geography teacher 64 (explain) that earthquakes under the sea could create dangerous waves called tsunamis!
“I know what’s going to happen! There’s going to be a big wave,” Tilly cried. Unfortunately, her family didn’t believe her and wanted to continue their walk. However, Tilly refused to take a single step 65 (far). Finally, her mother decided to continue the walk alone, and the rest of her family returned to the hotel.
Back at the hotel, Tilly’s father told a security guard about the tsunami. The security guard was 66 (shock). He knew about the huge earthquake in nearby Indonesia. He jumped into action right away and rushed 67 (get) people off the beach. Everyone began to panic.
Tilly was right! Her mother was one of the last people on the beach, but thankfully, her family made it to safety just as the water 68 (hit) the hotel. The 2004 tsunami caused over 200,000 69 (die), but no one on that beach died that day.
This true story shows how a single lesson could mean the difference between life and 70 (die). Thanks to her knowledge and quick thinking, one schoolgirl was able to save over 100 lives.
七、材料作文（本大题共25分）
71．假设你校英文网站的学生论坛近期发起了一场关于如何在自然灾害中保护自己的讨论。请你根据下面表格的提示写一篇短文。
Natural disasters We should We shouldn’t
A flood … …
An earthquake … …
A wildfire … …
要求: 1.短文须包含表格内的所有提示内容，可适当发挥；2.词数80左右。
Natural disasters happen from time to time, so it’s of great importance for us to know what to do when they happen. Here are some tips.
/ 让学习更有效 单元培优卷 | 英语学科
/ 让学习更有效 单元培优卷 | 英语学科
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参考答案及试题解析
1．C
【解析】句意： 我的妹妹仍然咳嗽严重，晚上睡不好。 A安静地，B容易地，C严重地，D幸福的，根据"and can't sleep well at night. "可知咳嗽得厉害，故选C。
【点评】考查副词辨析，注意识记常见副词的含义。
2．B
【解析】句意：——通过团队合作，学生们成功地解决了数学问题。——做得好！A粗心地，B成功地，C几乎不，D慢慢地，根据" Great job! "可知学生们成功地解决了数学问题，故选B。
【点评】考查副词辨析。注意识记常见副词的含义。
3．A
【解析】句意：如果我们不采取行动制止污染，淡水将会更少。A. take action（采取行动）；B. make money（赚钱）；C. do homework（做作业）；D. face danger（面对危险）。根据"stop pollution（制止污染）"和"less fresh water（更少的淡水）"的语境，可知此处应是"采取行动"，符合逻辑，故选A。
【点评】考查短语辨析。注意结合语境选择符合逻辑的短语，同时牢记固定短语"take action to do sth."的用法。
4．C
【解析】句意：——你如何处理你的旧电脑？——我会把它给别人。A.What什么，deal with处理；B.How如何，think of认为；C.How如何，deal with处理；D.What什么，like喜欢。根据答句"I'll give it toothers."可知，此处描述的是处理旧电脑的方式，询问方式应用疑问副词How。What用于询问事物。deal with，处理，是及物动词短语，可直接接宾语；think of认为，常用句型：What do you think of... 你认为......怎么样 ，不符合此处"处理"的语境，故选C。
【点评】考查特殊疑问句以及动词短语。注意根据答句确定疑问词和动词短语。
5．D
【解析】句意：每年在这个地区都会有大量的雨水。A许多，修饰动词，B许多，修饰名词复数，C太多的，修饰名词复数，D大量的，修饰不可数名词。rain是不可数名词。故用plenty of修饰，故选D。
【点评】考查短语辨析，注意识记plenty of的用法。
6．C
【解析】句意： 下面哪个单词与这个 /r 'li：s/ 匹配 ？A. /r ple s/代替，动词；B. / ri ju z/重复使用，动词；C. /r 'li：s/ 释放，动词；D. / ri la z/意识到，动词。C项单词发/r 'li：s/音，故选C。
【点评】考查单词辨音。注意不同单词的读音。
7．C
【解析】句意：Alice擅长历史，但我在这方面做得很差。她经常在这方面帮助我。根据She often helps me with it，可知Alice擅长历史，be good at擅长……，她经常帮助我，可知我不擅长，即badly，故选C。
【点评】考查形容词和副词的用法以及它们在句子中的正确位置。需要注意的是，虽然"badly"通常作为副词使用，但在某些情况下，它也可以作为形容词，用来描述性质或特点。此外，还需要注意句子中的语境和逻辑关系，以确保所选词语与句子的整体意义相符。
8．D
【解析】句意：作为一名工程师他有丰富的经验。因此他可以成功地建好这座桥。A.成功，名词；B.成功，动词原形；C.成功的，形容词；D.成功地，副词。根据副词作状语修饰动词，可知此处应用副词successfully“成功地”修饰动词build“建造”。故选D。
【点评】考查副词。注意掌握副词作状语修饰动词的用法。
9．C
【解析】句意：——我不知道怎样处理这些旧衣服。——为什么不把它们捐给贫困的孩子？A hand out分发；B give up放弃；C deal with处理；D take up开始从事。根据Why not give them away to poor children 可知要处理旧衣服。故选C。
【点评】考查短语辨析。注意识记固定搭配deal with的用法。
10．A
【解析】句意：别担心，我可以自己解决这个问题。deal with对付；处理；put up搭起；张贴；Clook at看……；knock on撞击……。problem，问题，要解决，故答案为A。
【点评】考查短语辨析。熟练掌握短语意思，根据语境判断答案。
11．C
【解析】句意：郭先生大约用了130天独自成功地环游了世界，这真让人感到兴奋。句型：It's +形容词+that从句，excited用来形容人，exciting用来形容物。修饰动词短语sailed across the world应使用副词successfully。故选C。
【点评】考查形容词副词辨析。
12．D
【解析】句意：我嗓子疼，我认为我需要喝带蜂蜜的热茶。A. Leg腿；B. foot脚；C. Eye眼睛；D. Throat嗓子。根据下文的回答可知是嗓子疼。根据题意，故选D。
【点评】考查名词的辨析。
13．A
【解析】句意：河流将会变得更脏如果我们不采取行动保护河流。take action 采取行动；take place 发生；look for 寻找；look after 照顾。根据"河流将会变得更脏"推理"如果我们不采取行动保护河流"。故选A。
【点评】考查短语辨析。明确句意，分析选项，得出答案。
14．B
【解析】句意：—— Tony，你如何处理生活中的问题？ —— 我通常和我的父母交谈并寻求他们的帮助。A：agree with —— 表示"同意某人的观点或建议"。B：deal with —— 表示"处理，解决"，常用于描述处理某种问题或情况。C：talk with —— 表示"与某人交谈"。D：share with —— 表示"与某人分享"。因为问题是要询问Tony如何处理生活中的问题，而"deal with"恰好表示处理或解决问题，所以选项B最符合语境。故选B。
【点评】考查动词短语的辨析。根据句子的语境和所给选项的含义，我们可以选择最符合句意的动词短语。在这个例子中，我们需要找到一个表示"处理或解决问题"的短语，而"deal with"正是这样的短语。
15．A
【解析】句意：我们的祖国有一支强大的人民军队。A.强大的，形容词；B.强大，名词；C.石头，名词；D.胖的，形容词。army军队，名词，前面用形容词修饰，排除B、C，结合句子可知讲的是我们的祖国有一支强大的人民军队。故选A。
【点评】考查词性辨析和形容词辨析，注意平时识记形容词修饰名词，理解句意。
16．D 17．B 18．B 19．C 20．A 21．C 22．D 23．D 24．C 25．B 26．A 27．C 28．D 29．A 30．A
【导语】本文是说明文，主要介绍了救助儿童会在自然灾害中如何帮助儿童保持安全、教会他们防灾与自救知识，并强调了儿童参与防灾的重要性。
16．句意：每年，像野火、风暴或地震这样的事件都会袭击不同的社区。
problems问题；activities活动；accidents事故；events事件。根据“wildfires, storms, or earthquakes”可知，这些都是事件。故选D。
17．句意：这是一个帮助孩子们在自然灾害中保持安全和健康的组织。
busy繁忙的；safe安全的；clean干净的；smart智能的。根据“It’s a group to help keep kids ... and healthy during natural disasters.”可知，这个组织的目的是帮助孩子们在自然灾害中保持安全和健康。故选B。
18．句意：他们教孩子们在自然灾害发生前该做什么，以及之后如何恢复。
after在……之后；before在……之前；until直到……；about关于。根据“They teach kids what to do ... a natural disaster and how to recover (恢复) after that.”可知，此处指教孩子们在自然灾害发生之前做什么。故选B。
19．句意：这里有一些关于汤普森小姐的工作以及她对这些问题的回答！
his他的；their他们的；her她的；your你的。根据“Sarah Thompson”可知，此处指她对这些问题的回答。故选C。
20．句意：你为什么帮助人们为灾难做准备？
preparations准备；friends朋友；rooms房间；mistakes错误。根据“The best way to stay safe is to have a plan.”可知，此处指为灾害做准备。故选A。
21．句意：灾难可能在任何地方发生。
break打破；start开始；happen发生；go进行。根据“Disasters can ... anywhere.”可知，灾害可能在任何地方发生。故选C。
22．句意：这就是为什么在救助儿童会，我们不仅应对灾难，还帮助家庭做好准备。
quiet安静的；free空闲的；wrong错误的；ready准备好的。根据“That’s why in the Save the Children, we not only respond (作出反应) to disasters, but also help families get ...”可知，她们不仅要对灾害作出反应，还要帮助家庭做好准备。故选D。
23．句意：仔细听新闻。如果需要离开，就迅速出发！
early提前；thankfully感激地；suddenly突然；carefully仔细地。根据“Listen ... to the news.”可知，此处指要认真听新闻。故选D。
24．句意：你如何帮助避难所里的孩子？
When何时；Why为什么；How怎么样；Which哪一个。根据“We set up safe space for kids there ... school to learn.”可知，此处问的是怎样帮助避难所里的孩子们。故选C。
25．句意：我们有玩具、游戏和书，所以他们可以玩耍和放松。
since自从；so因此；or否则；but但是。根据“We have toys, games, and books ... they can play and relax.”可知，前后句是因果关系。故选B。
26．句意：我们也帮助学校重新开放，这样孩子们就可以回到学校学习。
go back to回到；pay attention to注意；get used to习惯；look forward to期待。根据“We also help schools open again”可知，重开学校的目的是帮助孩子们重返学校学习。故选A。
27．句意：孩子们可以做很多事，帮助让情况变得更好！
worse更糟糕；less更少；better更好；fewer更少。根据“Kids can do a lot and help change things for the ....”可知，孩子们可以帮助事情变得更好。故选C。
28．句意：他们可以帮助提醒成年人。
supply供应；interview面试；beat打败；warn警告。根据“Their voice matters.”可知，孩子们可以提醒大人注意危险。故选D。
29．句意：教孩子关于自然灾害的知识很难吗？
hard难得；easy容易的；terrible可怕的；possible可能的。根据“No! Kids love learning and taking action.”可知，此处问的是教孩子们有关自然灾害的知识难不难。故选A。
30．句意：不要害怕灾难。
afraid害怕的；sure确定；tired劳累的；shy害羞的。根据“Remember, caring adults like parents, teachers, police and firefighters are always there to help.”可知，此处指不要害怕灾害。故选A。
31．B 32．B 33．B 34．B 35．A
【导语】本文通过对比台风中Lisa一家和Haitao一家的不同经历，说明提前应对自然灾害做好准备的重要性。
31．细节理解题。根据“They were driving home from her relatives’ house when the typhoon hit.”可知，当台风来袭时，Lisa一家正从亲戚家开车回家。故选B。
32．细节理解题。根据“They almost got into an accident when a truck nearly hit them.”可知，Lisa的家人在路上差点出了事故。故选B。
33．细节理解题。根据“Before the typhoon arrived, they covered their windows with boards.”及“They also stored plenty of food and water.”可知，台风来临前，Haitao家盖住了窗户储存了物资。故选B。
34．细节理解题。根据“After the typhoon passed, their house was still in good condition.”可知，台风过后，他们的房子仍然完好无损。故选B。
35．细节理解题。根据“She realized that it’s very important to prepare for natural disasters.”可知，Lisa从这次经历中学到了为自然灾害做好准备很重要。故选A。
36．B 37．C 38．C 39．D 40．C
【导语】本文介绍了无人机与社交媒体平台两类科技在自然灾害中为人们提供帮助的具体作用，结尾点明尽管这些科技能提供诸多帮助，人们仍需要提前准备工具、学习自我保护技能来守护自身安全。
36．词句猜测题。 根据第二段“It’s often too dangerous for the rescue teams to get into the buildings. So they make the drone fly into the buildings to search for those who are still alive.”可知，“they”指代前句提到的“the rescue teams”（救援队）。故选B。
37．细节理解题。 根据第二段“So they make the drone fly into the buildings to search for those who are still alive.”可知，无人机可以飞入危险的建筑物以搜寻幸存者。故选C。
38．推理判断题。根据第四段“Besides, many social media platforms allow people to donate (捐赠) money to help people in disaster areas…For example, live streaming (直播) helped raise a lot of money for Henan after the flood in 2021.”可推知，作者提到直播的例子，是为了具体说明社交媒体平台可以帮助筹集救灾资金。故选C。
39．篇章结构题。 文章第一段总起全文，介绍一些科技能在灾难中帮助我们；第二段详细介绍无人机的作用；第三、四段详细介绍社交媒体平台的作用；第五段进行补充和总结。因此，选项D图示的结构是正确的。故选D。
40．主旨大意题。 通读全文，文章主要介绍了无人机和社交媒体平台在灾难预警、救援、信息传播和募捐等方面的具体帮助。因此，文章的核心内容是讲述一些科技如何在灾难中帮助人们。故选C。
41．C 42．B 43．C 44．B 45．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了飓风、火山喷发、地震和海啸四种自然灾害，并列举了历史上这四类灾害中具有代表性的事件及其特点。
41．细节理解题。通读全文可知，根据文中“Hurricanes”“volcanic eruption”“earthquake”以及“tsunami”可知，文章提到了飓风、火山喷发、地震和海啸共四种自然灾害。故选C。
42．细节理解题。根据第三段中“On 26th August, 1883, the Earth made the loudest sound from the island of Krakatoa.”可知，1883年的喀拉喀托火山喷发产生了历史上最响亮的声音。故选B。
43．细节理解题。根据第四段中“On 1st November, 1755, an earthquake hit Lisbon, Portugal. The ground moved for ten minutes.”可知，1755年里斯本大地震中，地面震动了十分钟。故选C。
44．推理判断题。根据第四段中“The ground moved for ten minutes. The earthquake broke most of the buildings in the city apart.”可知，由于地面震动，地震震毁了城市中大多数建筑物，因此地震最有可能对建筑物造成严重破坏。故选B。
45．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章内容涉及世界各地的自然灾害，属于地理或自然类话题，因此最可能出现在与自然或地理相关的网站上。故选C。
46．more careful
【解析】句意：你越仔细，你就会越安全。分析句子可知是“the+比较级, the+比较级”结构，表示“越……就越……”，此处作表语应是形容词，careful的比较级是more careful。故填more careful。
47．meaning
【解析】句意：安全的意义是生命。mean“意思”，动词。根据定冠词“The”和介词“of”可知，此处应填名词形式meaning“意义”，在句中作主语。故填meaning。
48．earlier
【解析】句意：你离开得越早，你就越安全。“the+比较级，the+比较级”表示“越……，就越……”。形容词early的比较级是earlier。故填earlier。
49．visited
【解析】句意：他们上个月去了那个受灾地区。根据“last month”可知，时态为一般过去时，动词用过去式，visit的过去式为visited。故填visited。
50．forgot
【解析】句意：他昨天忘记带伞了。根据时间状语“yesterday”可知，本句时态为一般过去时，forget的过去式是forgot。故填forgot。
51．expensive
【解析】句意：这家商店里的所有东西都非常昂贵，但质量很好。“昂贵的”对应的英文为expensive，是形容词，在句中作表语，描述“Everything in this store”的特征。故填expensive。
52．earthquake
【解析】句意：这场地震突然发生，但幸运的是没有人受伤。earthquake“地震”，此处表示特指，用名词单数作主语。故填earthquake。
53．lightning
【解析】句意：学生们因为雷声和闪电而尖叫。闪电“lightning”，根据“thunder and...”可知，此处用名词lightning与thunder并列作宾语，lightning是不可数名词。故填lightning。
54．objects/items
【解析】句意：儿童不能玩刀或剪刀等危险物品。“物品”英文表达为object/item，均为可数名词，句中“knives or scissors”表示多种物品，因此此处应用其复数形式objects/items。故填objects/items。
55．highlight
【解析】句意：世界卫生日被用来强调个人健康的重要性。根据汉语提示可知，highlight“强调”，be used to do sth.“被用来做某事”，此处应用动词原形。故填highlight。
56．emergencies
【解析】根据中英文对照可知，填空处为“紧急情况”， emergency“紧急情况”，此处用复数形式emergencies，表示泛指。故填emergencies。
57．overcome
【解析】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“克服”。overcome“克服”，动词；情态动词“should”后应接动词原形“overcome”。故填overcome。
58．covered
【解析】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“护住了”。cover“覆盖/遮盖”，动词；描述过去发生的事情，需用一般过去时，动词“cover”需用过去式“covered”。故填covered。
59．Teamwork
【解析】根据中英文对照可知，填空处为“团队合作”，teamwork“团队合作”，是不可数名词，句首首字母大写。故填Teamwork。
60．shake
【解析】对照中英文可知，空处缺少“摇晃”，应用动词“shake”，前面有“started to”，动词用原形即可。故填shake。
61．was enjoying 62．noticed 63．going 64．had explained 65．further 66．shocked 67．to get 68．hit 69．deaths 70．death
【导语】本文讲述了2004年印度洋海啸中，10岁英国女孩蒂莉·史密斯凭借地理课上学到的知识，成功拯救了海滩上百人生命的真实故事。
61．句意：那天早上每个人都在享受着美好的天气。根据时间状语“that morning”以及上下文描述的是过去某个时刻正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时。主语Everyone视为单数，故填was enjoying。
62．句意：当蒂莉和家人沿着海滩散步时，她注意到一些奇怪的事情。根据“While Tilly was walking along the beach with her family”可知，此处描述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，notice的过去式是noticed。故填noticed。
63．句意：接下来，她看到海浪正在涌来而不是退去。介词of后应接动名词形式。故填going。
64．句意：两周前，她的地理老师解释过海底地震可能产生称为海啸的危险海浪。动作explain发生在remembered之前，表示“过去的过去”，用过去完成时，其结构为had done，故填had explained。
65．句意：然而，蒂莉拒绝再往前走一步。此处表示“更远的一步”，用far的比较级形式further。故填further。
66．句意：保安人员感到震惊。此处描述人的感受，应用-ed结尾的形容词shocked，表示“感到震惊的”。故填shocked。
67．句意：他立即行动起来，冲过去让人们离开海滩。此处用不定式表示目的，即“冲过去的目的为了让人们离开海滩”。故填to get。
68．句意：值得庆幸的是，就在海水冲击酒店时，她的家人安全脱险。此处是as引导的时间状语从句，描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。hit的过去式仍为hit。故填hit。
69．句意：2004年的海啸造成了超过20万人死亡，但那天那个海滩上没有人死亡。“over 200,000”后应接可数名词复数形式。die为动词，其名词为death，复数为deaths。故填deaths。
70．句意：这个真实的故事展示了一堂课如何可能意味着生与死的区别。between life and death是固定表达，意为“生死之间”。故填death。
71．例文
Natural disasters happen from time to time, so it’s of great importance for us to know what to do when they happen. Here are some tips.
When a flood happens, we’d better get to a higher place. We shouldn’t walk or swim through the floodwater. If an earthquake happens, we should hide and run out of the building when the ground stops shaking. We shouldn’t stand near a tall building. If we are outside when a wildfire begins, we should get away quickly and call 119. We shouldn’t breathe in the smoke, or we will be easily hurt by it. Lastly, we should stay calm.
【解析】[总体分析]
①题材：本文是一篇材料作文；
②时态：本文应使用“一般现在时”为主；
③提示：应注意题干给出的要点并适当补充，使文章内容充实。
[写作步骤]
第一步，借用文章已给开头，引出主题；
第二步，根据题干的要点，分别描述三种灾害下的正确与错误做法；
第三步，用一句话总结，强调这些建议的重要性。
[亮点词汇]
①run out of从……中跑出
②stay calm保持冷静
[高分句型]
①When a flood happens, we’d better get to a higher place.（时间状语从句）
②If we are outside when a wildfire begins, we should get away quickly and call 119.（条件状语从句）
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