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高二年级选择性必修四
U10 Lesson 1 词汇
17.把 …和 …联系起来__________________ 18.被称为 … ；作为 …而闻名__________________
19. … 的平均数量__________________ 20.递送包裹__________________
【探究案】
【学习目标】
To analyze the key words and sentences.
【预习案】
一．语境识词
As a phrase puts it, one won't get a second chance to make a first impression on others,by which we might be judged as either good or bad, like the way a chain store assistant passes a parcel to the customer or the tone of voice in the network. Therefore,random behaviour leaves a poor impression while good manners make a good impression from, the beginning. Theories like this are released by sociologists in monthly and bimonthly magazines.
正如一句习语所说，一个人不会有第二次机会给别人留下第一印象，由此我们可能会被评判为好或坏。例如，连锁店店员将包裹递给顾客的方式或网络中使用的语气。因此，随意的行为会给人留下糟糕的印象，而良好的举止从一开始就给人留下良好的印象。像这样的理论是由社会学家在月刊和双月刊上发表的。
二．词块梳理
1. communicate with sb__________________ 2. the average person__________________
3. have regular communication with__________________ 4. be close to sb__________________
5. the general location of__________________ 6. be delivered to__________________
7. it takes sb to do sth__________________ 8.(be)based on__________________
9. be closely connected__________________ 10.说的是，指的是；提及；查阅，参考_____________
11.一系列；一连串（人或事）__________________ 12.对 … … 的早期印象__________________
13.试图/尝试做某事__________________ 14.验证一个理论__________________
15.… ·的随机样本__________________ 16.相隔数千英里__________________
1. impression n. 印象，感想 →impress vt.使印象深刻；使意识到；使铭记
→impressive adj.给人深刻印象的；令人赞叹的 →impressed adj.印象深刻的，钦佩的
搭配 leave/make an impression on 给 … … 留下印象 impress sb with sb/sth 某人/某物给某人留下深刻印象be impressed with/by 对… … 印象深刻
impress sth on/upon sb 使某人明白某事的重要性
(1).My first________________(impress) of the organization was that it was not going to make enough of a difference with the plans I had in mind.
(2).On arriving at the tea house, the foreign students were impressed_________________the unique teapots and teacups.
(3).The accident impressed________________me the necessity of observing regulations.
(4).Hangzhou is really an______________ place. It leaves a deep_________________ on the visitors. I am deeply__________________ by the beauty of the West Lake. (impress)
完成句子
(5) His remarkable kindness towards strangers never failed___________________________________________ （给 … … 留下深刻的印象)those who encountered him.
(6) I had always__________________________________________________________ （让孩子们铭记)that if they worked hard they would succeed in life.
2.release v.发表，发布；释放，排放；解除(某人的职责、责任、合同等）；解雇
n.发表，发布；释放；新发行的唱片（电影、录像带等）；解脱，摆脱
搭配 release..to.. 向 … ·发布 … · release...from..把 …从 …释放出来；解除 · ·
词块积累
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release stress/emotions 释放压力/宣泄情感 be on(general)release 电影)已经（公开）上映
(1).The waste water, when_______________(release), should be clean enough to meet standards.
(2). He_______________(release)from prison after serving a sentence of five years.
(3).When is the best moment to release the date of the election_____________the newspapers 写出句中 release 的词性及含义
(4)After my examination I had a feeling of release. _____________
(5)The police demanded that the innocent boy should be released immediately. _____________
(6)It's said that our manager has been released from duty. _____________完成句子
3.make an attempt to do sth. 试图做某事
attempt to do sth. 试图做某事 at the first/second attempt 第一/二次尝试
in an attempt to do sth.为了做某事
抽象名词 ability、attempt、chance、promise、reason 、 time、way、capability 等后常用不定式作定语。
(1).Some time after 10000 BC, people made the first real attempt _____________（control ）the world they lived in, through agriculture.
(2).He practised hard and attempted______________(pass ) the driving test at the first attempt.
(3).Two factories were closed in an attempt _____________ (cut) costs.
4. 教材例句 ：Amazingly ，it only took between five and seven people to get the parcels
delivered...
get/have sth. done 使某事被做
get sb. to do sth.=have/let/make sb.do sth.让某人做某事get sb./sth doing 使某人/物处于某种状态
使役动词：使役动词+宾语+宾补
宾补通常由 doing,done ,to do,形容词，名词，介词短语，副词构成。
（1）.（2024·天津卷）She finally got her son _______________（give up） playing computer games.
（2）.（2023·江苏卷）We need to get the classroom _______________ （clean） before the guests arrive.
（3） He had his audience ________________(listen) attentively.
5.强调句型: It was this research that inspired the phrase "Six Degrees of Separation".
基本结构为“It is/was+被强调部分+ that/who+其他部分.”
误区警示:
（1)构成强调句型的 i（无实际含义）不能用其他词代替。
（2)用is 还是was 要由原句的时态而定：属于现在或将来时间范畴的所有时态用 is；属于过去时间范畴的所有时态用 was。
(3）被强调部分指人时，可以用who 代替 that ，其他情况一律用 that。
学法点拨:当强调句型强调一个含有“not..until”结构的句子时，应使用固定句式“It is/was not until+被强调部分+that+其他部分.“。
It was not until they put out the fire that the firefighters left.
（ 1 ）（ 2021· 新 高 考 全 国 Ⅱ 卷 读 后 续 写 )It was not only the gift, but the love of the children for her____________moved her very much.
（2）（2022·全国甲卷阅读)But it_____________ (be)the harbor that makes the city.
（3）_____________was when we made it to the top of the tower that we knew how beautiful our town was.
(4)直到那时我才突然意识到，没有人比我的母亲更爱我。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
6 .and once released, the results were published..
状语从句的省略:
当时间、条件、让步、方式等状语从句的主语与主句主语一致（或者从句主语是 it) ，且从句谓语含有be 动词时，为了简练，可以将从句的主语和 be 动词一起省略。
状语从句省略后的结构模式：
When(we are ) comparing different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences.（连词+现在分词）
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If ( we were) given more time, we would be able to do the work much better.（连词+过去分词）
He wouldn't solve the problem even if (he were) to take charge.（连词+动词不定式）
She looked anxious as though (she was)in trouble.（连词+介词短语）
If(it is ) possible, he will help you out of the difficulty.（连词+形容词）
已形成固定结构的省略：
if possible 如果可能的话 if so 如果是这样的话
if necessary 如果有必要的话 if not 如果不；不然的话
(1).Once ________________(submit),your essay will be graded, which may influence your overall evaluation.
(2).While_______________(wait) for the opportunity to get promoted,Henry did his best to perform his duty.
(3).If ____________(possibility), he will help you out of the difficulty简化改写句子
(4). He is better, though he is not yet cured.
→ He is better,though ________________________________________________________________________.
(5).He looked everywhere as ifhe was in search of something.
→ He looked everywhere as if__________________________________________________________________.
【巩固案】
一．单词拼写
1. It seems queer that the changes could not be explained by any known_________________（理论）
2. She gave male engineers a deep__________________（印象)by giving a logical description.
3. Now, China has the most widespread high-speed rail_________________（网络)in the world.
4. Now you need to make corresponding judgments at_______________（随机)after choosing one picture.
5. I will feel wholly relaxed if this_________________（包裹）is sent out today.
6. Do be careful-the mineral will________________（释放)poisonous substances.
7. The folk magazine is published__________________（两月一次地), with six issues a year.
8. You can infer the meaning of the _________________(习语)according to some factors in the text.
二．短语填空
refer to, be connected to, be impressed with, on average, be based on, due to, carry out, participate in
1.As a former graduate,I______________________ the dramatic changes in the schoolyard.
2._____________________, it takes about 30 minutes to complete a grocery shopping trip.
3. With encouragement from the teacher, more students will______________________the adventure next
week.
4. The official report, which____________________over ten authoritative theories, has settled the disagreement.
5. You can not only write important news for the school newspaper, but also____________________the stimulating school life.
6. The new regulations request that teenagers should not hang out online when they____________________the
Internet.
7._____________________a big storm, my flight had been delayed by an hour and a half.
8. China expressed its wish to explore outer space peacefully by______________________more international
cooperation and exchanges.
三．单句语法填空
1. The literary style of this novel left a lasting____________________(impress)on me.
2. To increase more workshops steadily, the new energy vehicle industry has to rely on global supply ____________________(chain）.
3.There are many____________________(theory)about the beginning of drama in ancient Greece.
4. Shanghai's superfast 5G____________________(network)in multiple ways are turning technological dreams into reality.
5. Researchers took 60 participants and________________(random ) divided them into three groups.
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6. Last year, the drama relevant to pandas _______________(release ) and was very popular around the world.
7. They want to get the roof_____________________（repair) before the rainy season starts.
8. The organization made an attempt ____________________(prevent)any potential conflicts of interest among
its members.
9.[2024·新课标 Ⅱ卷]It's these small acts of kindness ________________make a new country feel like home.
10.[2023 · 新课标 I 卷]To eat one, you have to decide whether to bite a small hole in it first, _______________ (release) the steam and risking a spill(溢出) ，or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue(舌头）.
11.[2023·浙江 1 月卷]Right now,I enjoy getting my meals __________________ (cook) for me every day.
12.[2022·全国甲卷]Though not known to use tools in the wild, the birds have proved skilful at tool use while __________________(keep)in the cage.
13.[2024·浙江 1 月卷]Perhaps most remarkable,however,was the fact____________this man spent hours studying every day after hard physical labour.
14.[2022·全国乙卷]They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest oftheir bodies ______________ (expose).
四.完形填空
[2024 · 九省联考]I was halfway across Indiana heading home to Kentucky when my car broke down. My phone was 1 , too. I managed to get to a gas station, but it was Sunday in the early fall, and there was no 2 on duty. I was working my way through university then and had little money for 3 the car.
I sat alongside my car for several hours trying to 4 the heat when an older gentleman 5 to fuel his car. He asked about my car, and I 6 my predicament(困境).To my 7 , the gentleman told me that he had a daughter of my age, and then he opened his trunk and 8 a tool set.
Right then and there, this total 9 examined my engine, explaining as he worked that my spark
plugs(火花塞）hadn't been changed for so long that they were 10 to function. After about an hour, he 11 that my car was safe to finish the trip. 12 came at the hands of a stranger. 13 his clothes, working
on a hot September afternoon, this man 14 a college student from disaster, just because she could have been his 15 .
1.A. busy B. loud C. dead D. secure
2.A. mechanic B. policeman C. manager D. guide
3.A. washing B. parking C. purchasing D. maintaining
4.A. feel B. beat C. absorb D. produce
5. A. promised B. refused C. stopped D. volunteered
6.A. solved B. noticed C. escaped D. explained
7.A. surprise B. regret C. amusement D. disappointment
8.A. called up B. pulled out C. put down D. threw away
9. A. liar B. beginner C. stranger D. loser
10.A. free B. ready C. uncertain D. unable
11.A. pronounced B. agreed C. discovered D. doubted
12. A. Tiredness B. Kindness C. Loneliness D. Carefulness
13. A. Folding B. Drying C. Soiling D. Mending
14.A. saved B. called C. judged D. banned
15.A. friend B. daughter C. coworker D. customerU10 L1 词汇导学案答案
预习案：1.和某人交流/联系 2.普通人 3.和. …经常交流/沟通 4.与某人关系亲密 5.... 的大致位置
6.被送到 … 7.做某事需要某人 8.基于，根据 9.紧密相连 10. refer to 11.a chain of 12. early impressions of 13. make an attempt to do sth 14. test a theory
15. a random sample of 16. thousands of miles apart 17. link...o.. 18.become known as
19.the average number of 20, deliver a parcel
探究案 1.（1）impression (2)with/by (3)on/upon (4) impressive,impression,impressed
(5)to make/leave a deep impression on (6)impressed on/upon the children
2.(1)released (2)was released (3)to （4）名词，解脱 （5）动词，释放 （6）动词,解除
3.(1)to control (2) to pass (3) to cut
4. (1) to give up (2) cleaned （3）listening
5.(1).that (2) is (3) It
(4)It was not until then that I suddenly realized that no one loved me more than my mother.
6. (1)submitted (2)waiting (3)possible (4)not yet cured (5)in search of something
巩固案一.1. theory 2. impression 3. network 4. random 5. parcel 6. release 7. bimonthly 8. phrase
二.1. am/was impressed with 2. On average 3. participate in 4. is based on 5. refer to
6. are connected to 7. Due to 8. carrying out
三 . 1. impression 2. chains 3. theories 4. networks 5. randomly 6. was released
7. repaired 8. to prevent
9.that 此处为 It's..that … ..强调句型。句意：正是这些小小的善举让一个新国家有家的感觉。
10.releasing 此处与空后的 risking 并列，都是现在分词作状语.句意：吃的时候，你得首先确定是要冒着汤汁溢出的风险先咬上一小口，稍稍让热气散出，还是把整个小笼包直接扔进嘴里，让烫嘴的汤汁在你的舌头上爆开。
11.cooked get sth done 表示“让某事被做” 。句意：现在，我喜欢每天有人为我做饭。
12..kept 此处为状语从句的省略。逻辑主语与 keep 之间为被动关系，应用过去分词，补充完整为 while they are kept in the cage 。句意：虽然还不知道这些鸟在野外能使用工具，但已经证明它们被养在鸟笼里时能熟练地使用工具。
13.that that 引导同位语从句。句意：然而，也许最值得注意的是这个事实——这个人每天在繁重的
体力劳动之后花几个小时学习。
14.exposed leave+宾语+宾补。句意：他们经常只用手遮住眼睛，身体的其他部分无遮蔽。
四．作者得到陌生人的无私帮助。本文是一篇记叙文。作者是一名女大学生。她在回家的路上因汽车
出现故障，陷入了困境。幸运的是，她在加油站遇到了一位好心人。他帮她修好了汽车，让她摆脱了困境。这让她感受到了人性之善。这个故事旨在引导学生们践行助人为乐的美德，传承和弘扬社会正能量。
1.C 根据上文 my car broke down 及空后的 too 可知，此处应该是指手机也没电（dead)了。dead adj.[熟词生义]（因为缺电）不运行的。
2.A 根据上文 I managed to get to a gas station 及空后的 on duty 可知，汽车出故障后，作者想方设法来到一个加油站，但是星期天没有修理工（mechanic）值班。
3.D 根据上文 my car broke down 及 I was working my way through university then and had little money可知，作者当时在勤工俭学，几乎没钱修理(maintain)汽车。purchase v.购买；maintain v.[熟词生义]维修，保养。
4. B 根据第一段中的 in the early fall 及最后一段中的 working on a hot September afternoon 可知，当时天气很热，作者在汽车旁坐了几个小时以避暑。beat the heat 意为“避暑，解暑” ，符合语境。
5.C 根据空后的 to fuel his car 可知，一位老先生停下来（stop)给他的车加油。
6.D 根据上文 He asked about my car 及空后的 my predicament（困境）可知，那位老先生询问作者的车怎么了，作者向他说明(explain）了自己的困境。
7.A 根据下文内容可知，老先生告诉作者他有一个和她同龄的女儿，这让作者感到惊讶。to one's surprise意为“令某人惊讶的是” ，符合语境。
8.B 根据空前的he opened his trunk 可知，老先生打开后备箱从里面拿出(pull out)工具箱。call up 给 … …打电话，使想起; put down 记下，放下，镇压；throw away 扔掉。
9.C 根据前文可知，作者和这位老先生素不相识，stranger 意为“陌生人” ，符合语境。
10.D 根据空前的 my spark plugs(火花塞)hadn't been changed for so long 可知，作者的火花塞长时间没换过，因此不能（unable）正常运转了。
11.A 根据空后的 that my car was safe to finish the trip 可知,车修好了，老先生向作者宣布(pronounce）了这件事情，用 pronounce 显得语气很正式。pronounce v.[熟词生义]（正式）宣布，宣称。
12.B 根据上文内容可知，一个素昧平生的人帮作者把车修好了，这是来自这位陌生人的善意（kindness）。
13.C 根据下文 his clothes, working on a hot September afternoon 可知，老先生在炎热九月的一天下午帮作者修车，他的衣服都被弄脏(soil)了。fold v.折叠；dry v.[形容词动词化]（使）变干；soil v.[熟词生义][正式]弄脏；mend v.修理。
14.A 根据上文一位陌生人帮作者修车及下文的from disaster 可知，这位老先生把作者从灾难中拯救出来。save sb from sth 意为“使某人免于某事”。
15.B 根据第二段中的 he had a daughter of my age 可知，那位陌生人帮作者修车，仅仅是因为他有一个和作者同龄的女儿（daughter) ，帮助作者就仿佛在帮助自己的女儿。
