高考英语二轮复习专题二阅读七选五第二讲根据逻辑关系解题课件

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第二讲　根据逻辑关系解题
[题型分析]
每篇文章都是一个有机统一的整体，各部分之间存在着一定的内在联系。从逻辑意义上来看，句子之间常常有并列、递进、转折、因果、例证、总分、补充、解释、对比等关系，有时甚至包含不止一种关系。因此，理解阅读七选五的阅读材料时一定要把握文章脉络，弄清其中的逻辑关系。如果文中或选项中出现了逻辑关系词，考生就可以利用其来进行推理判断；如果文中或选项中未出现逻辑关系词，这就需要考生全面理解文章大意，根据上下文语境弄清文章内在的逻辑关系，并做出正确的判断。
[技法点拨]
例证关系
[典例1] (2023·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths.” 37.__________________________________
_______________ Are you caring Creative Generous A good listener Fun to be around They don't have to be world -changing, just aspects of your personality that you're proud of.
B.Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.
[解析]
空前提到“Personal strengths.”，空后列出了哪些是个人优点，属于具体的例证。所以，空处应承上启下，符合逻辑。
A.A little self -forgiveness also goes a long way.
B.Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.
C.They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.
D.It's just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
E.It doesn't mean you have to ignore what's happened or forget it.
F.Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.
G.Whatever the mistake, remember it isn't a fixed aspect of your personality.
[解析]
根据上文“Joanna Wright, a senior...a week.”及下文“Catherine always has a huge smile...a cheerful mood” 可推知，空处需说明乔安娜频繁去咖啡馆的原因。
因果关系
[典例2] (2025·新高考全国卷Ⅰ) One thing Murphy may not know is that her smile is contagious (有感染力) and can be the difference in a student having a much better day than they were having before seeing her. Joanna Wright, a senior political science major, loves coffee and goes to the cafe at least six days a week. 39._______________________________________
___________________________ “Catherine always has a huge smile on her face, which always puts me in a cheerful mood，” Wright said.
F.Going to the cafe starts her day off good and gets her ready for class.
A.The cafe closes at 9 pm every day.
B.She has two children aged eight and four.
C.Sometimes she arrives early to serve the students early.
D.After finishing an order, she calls out the name on the cup.
E.Not only does this cafe serve up drinks, it also serves up smiles.
F.Going to the cafe starts her day off good and gets her ready for class.
G.She has served here for 17 years and can't imagine working anywhere else.
递进关系
[典例3] (2025·北京卷)So, being an adult isn't just holding a job.Being an adult is about having a rooted sense of self while being capable of identifying and managing your emotions and actions. 38. It's__being__able__to__show__understanding__when__communicating__with__others. We are a social species, so this is important.
While raising an adult is a parent's job, it's also our responsibility as a society to ensure that we support schools that nurture (培养) emotional and identity development. 39.________________________________________
____________________________
A.It's also our job to support adults who need help repairing incomplete life cycles.
[解析]
根据上文“While raising an adult....identity development.”可知，空处应进一步描述社会在培养成年人方面的其他责任，句式应与上一句类似。
A.It's also our job to support adults who need help repairing incomplete life cycles.
B.They talk about someone's inability to support themselves through work.
C.It's being able to show understanding when communicating with others.
D.In other words, you're playing the game of life—life isn't playing you.
E.They teach emotional awareness and management as well as identity.
F.You feel like an 18- year old, especially when playing 80s music.
G.When this stage is denied it creates a sense of insecurity.
转折关系
[典例4] (2024·全国甲卷)What is moderation (适度) Basically, it means eating only as much food as your body needs. You should feel satisfied at the end of a meal, but not too full. 36._____________________________
_______________________ But it doesn't mean saying goodbye to the foods you love.
F.For many of us, moderation means eating less than we do now.
[解析]
根据空前内容对“适度”的解释以及空后的But可知，空后表示转折，因此空处应承接上文，对“适度”进行进一步解释，且与空后内容形成转折。
A.Eat properly throughout the day.
B.We don't always eat just to satisfy hunger.
C.Don't swallow a meal on the way to work.
D.Most of us need to double the amount we eat.
E.Instead, surround yourself with healthy choices.
F.For many of us, moderation means eating less than we do now.
G.That won't lead to cheating or giving up on your new eating plan.
补充关系
[典例5] (2025·北京卷)Turner wisely said that “doing well” psychologically is being able to roll with the flow of emotions, manage them, communicate clearly and well with others, and master various skills. This requires an internal locus (核心) of control, which implies self -control of your thoughts, feelings, and actions. 37.__________________________________________________________ You're self -directed and not reliant on the world to tell you who you are. And you know who you are within all this.
D.In other words, you're playing the game of life—life isn't playing you.
[解析]
根据上文内容可知，空处应进一步解释这种自我控制的意义。
A.It's also our job to support adults who need help repairing incomplete life cycles.
B.They talk about someone's inability to support themselves through work.
C.It's being able to show understanding when communicating with others.
D.In other words, you're playing the game of life—life isn't playing you.
E.They teach emotional awareness and management as well as identity.
F.You feel like an 18- year old, especially when playing 80s music.
G.When this stage is denied it creates a sense of insecurity.
课堂新体验
Test 1


(2025·郑州第一次质检)When parents are on their phones a lot, what will happen to their kids Parents who stare at their screens instead of talking to their kids aren't just modeling poor behavior, but they could be preventing their children's language development, a new study found.
体裁 主题语境 难度
说明文 父母看手机的不良影响 ★★★☆☆
Parents who use screens more have children who use screens more. And those children have a lower talent in grammar and vocabulary. When screens are in use, either by a parent or a child, there is less talking, teaching and reading in households. 1._____________________________
__________________________________
D．And this may be a reason for the lower grammar skills and vocabulary.
1．D　根据上文内容可知，当家庭成员使用手机时，家庭中的交谈、教导和阅读会减少，这与孩子的语法技能和词汇水平较低存在因果关系。D项承接上文，符合语境。
What's more, when kids watch screens with their parents, the study found it doesn't help their language skills. 2._________________________
__________________________________________________ For example, kids ages 24 to 30 months learn new verbs when they are taught through a live interaction or even video chat, but not by watching a video, according to a September 2023 study.
F.Another research also suggests younger children don't learn well from screens.
2．F　上文提到孩子和父母一起看手机对孩子的语言技能没有帮助。下文通过举例说明24到30个月大的孩子能通过面对面的互动甚至视频聊天学习新动词，但通过观看视频却不能。F项承上启下，符合语境。
The study suggests parents should try not to spend too much time on devices when they are with their children. 3._________________________
____________________ Try to spare a few minutes. Start with 15 minutes a day if it seems really hard where your phone is truly out of sight, out of mind. It helps model good practice for your kids.
A.We don't actually need our phones all the time.
3．A　上文提出和孩子一起时，父母应减少(电子)设备使用时间，下文提出具体做法，空处应与父母使用手机相关，A项符合语境。
Parents are also advised to re- evaluate whether they need to be responsive to everything that come through on their phones in real time. We live in a world where everything seems urgent but usually actually isn't. 4.__________________________________________________________________________ It's simply not possible.
E.Try not to put pressure on yourself to respond immediately to everything.
4．E　根据句意可知，本段主要介绍了我们生活在一个似乎所有事情都很紧急，但实际上并非如此的世界。E项承接上文，指出不必急于回复信息，符合语境。
5．_____________________________________________________
______________________ It's never too late to repair. Spend some extra time reading together or in a no phone zone like the dinner table. By caring about your kid's development and looking into tips like these，you are already doing a great job.
G.But parents shouldn't overstress if they or their child have spent much time on screens.
5．G　根据下文“It's never too late to repair.”及“you are already doing a great job”可推测，空处是对家长的安慰。G项符合语境。
A.We don't actually need our phones all the time.
B．It is an easy way to calm children down or occupy them.
C．Avoid checking your phone instead of hanging out with your friends.
D．And this may be a reason for the lower grammar skills and vocabulary.
E.Try not to put pressure on yourself to respond immediately to everything.
F.Another research also suggests younger children don't learn well from screens.
G.But parents shouldn't overstress if they or their child have spent much time on screens.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章说明了父母看手机对孩子的不良影响，并提出了一些建议。
Test 2


(2025·华中师范大学第一附属中学高三考试)Vertical (垂直的) farming can date back as far as 2，500 years.The hanging gardens of Babylon are considered one of the first examples of vertical farming.About 1，500 years later, the Aztecs developed a form of hydroponic (水培的) farming. 1.__________________________________________________ In the 1600s, French and Dutch farmers grew Mediterranean fruits on walls that stored heat to help the fruits survive colder conditions.
体裁 主题语境 难度
说明文 垂直农业发展史 ★★★☆☆
C．They created floating boats to grow crops on water.
1．C　上文提到大约1 500年后，阿兹特克人发明了一种水培农业。C项是对阿兹特克人水培农业实践的阐释，与上文提到的概念相衔接，符合语境。
Controlled environments for food production are not new. 2.__________________________________________________________ In 1999, Dickson Despommier and his graduate students explored the concept of vertical farming as a way to feed growing urban populations, leading to the broader use of the term in the 2010s and 2020s.
D．Yet the term “vertical farming” caught on much later.
2．D　上文提到为食物生产而控制环境并不新鲜，下文提到1999年迪克森·德斯波米尔和他的学生对垂直农业的探索使该术语在21世纪早期被更广泛使用。这里存在一个明显的时间对比：实践很古老，但术语很新。D项承上启下，符合语境。
Vertical farming as a practice really didn't become popular in the United States until around 2020, but it has been used in countries like Japan and the Netherlands for decades, according to Koga, where greenhouses(the early form of vertical farming) in general are a much more integral part of their culture and food production. 3.___________________
_________________________________
E．The older version shapes
vertical farming's operations.
3．E　上文提到垂直农业的早期形式是温室，E项自然而然地引出下一段对现代垂直农业运作的探讨，E项中的“The older version”与上文中的“the early form”形成呼应，指代“温室”这一历史实践，符合语境。
Today, much of the work in creating more nutrient -rich food through vertical farming comes down to science. 4._________________________
______________________________ Currently, researchers are working to create seeds that are best suited for an indoor, controlled environment.
F．Conventional methods adjust seeds for weather and soil.
4．F　上文“Today, much of the work...comes down to science.”引出了科学的重要性。下文提到目前研究人员正在培育最适合室内受控环境的种子，具体说明了科学工作的内容。F项与下文中的“indoor”“controlled environment”形成鲜明对比，强调了垂直农业育种的创新，符合语境。
5．__________________________________________ For instance, FFAR invested some $7.5 million in the PIP consortium to research varieties specific to indoor planting.“We've adapted plants through history，”Reich told Built In.“We need to try to see if we can adapt plants specifically for indoor agriculture, to see if that makes it more economically practical for the future.”
A．The research attracts more than one sponsor.
5．A　下文以“For instance”开头，介绍了食品与农业研究基金会(FFAR)对研究室内种植的特定品种的投资。因此空处内容应与对室内种植相关研究的投资相关。A项概括下文，说明了研究的资金来源是多元化的，A项中的“The research”指第四段最后一句提到的研究。
A．The research attracts more than one sponsor.
B．This practice was copied by many other farmers.
C．They created floating boats to grow crops on water.
D．Yet the term “vertical farming” caught on much later.
E．The older version shapes vertical farming's operations.
F．Conventional methods adjust seeds for weather and soil.
G．Thus, vertical farming is adopted to reduce greenhouse gases.　
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了垂直农业的发展史——从古代的巴比伦空中花园、阿兹特克人的水培农业，到17世纪欧洲的墙上种植，再到现代垂直农业的兴起和发展。