高考英语二轮复习专题四语法填空第二讲词形转换课件

(共76张PPT)
第二讲　词形转换
词形转换是高考语法填空的一个重要考查点。在解答此类题目时，一要根据空处在句中所作的成分确定词性：名词在句中常作主语、宾语、表语或定语等，前面可能会有冠词、形容词或者形容词性物主代词修饰；动词作谓语与非谓语；形容词作表语或作定语修饰名词；副词作状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。二要根据标志词及语境确定比较等级。三要根据名词前的数词、量词、冠词等修饰语以及主谓一致原则来确定名词的单复数。
如何判定是否考查词形转换
[典例呈现]
(2025·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)“In a Go game，each move should serve a long-term goal.You try to lead the opponent into your trap and force them to follow your ‘____________(guide)’ till they lose，”explains Wang Wei，a Go player among the visitors to the exhibition.
guidance
[解析]　第一步：确定是否考查词形转换。提示词为动词，空处作follow的宾语，且由形容词性物主代词your修饰，因此应考虑词形转换。
第二步：确定转换形式。根据语境及句子结构可知，空处应用名词形式。
[技法点拨]
第一步：确定是否考查词形转换
提示词为形容词、副词、名词或代词时，要考虑词形转换；提示词为动词，如果该动词在句中既不作谓语，也不作非谓语，则要考虑动词词形转换。
第二步：确定转换形式
根据句式结构以及空处所作成分进一步分析，最终确定正确的词性转换形式，确保名词单复数形式正确，副词、形容词比较等级形式转换正确。
考法1　动词的词形转换
提示词为动词，如果该动词在句中既不作谓语，也不作非谓语，则要考虑动词词形转换。动词转换成名词还是形容词，则要根据句式结构以及空处所作的成分进一步分析。
[试做经典]
1．(2025·北京卷)When Nick runs ahead, I hear him barking excitedly. I sometimes call him back, worried that he might have someone ____________(scare).
考查形容词。此处为“have＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，空处应用scare的形容词形式作宾语补足语。
scared　
2．(2025·浙江卷1月)Tanya's shop offers fashion clothes for women to rent rather than purchase them outright, providing a less expensive ____________(solve) to one-time event dressing.
考查名词。空处作providing的宾语，空前有冠词a修饰，应用名词单数形式。
solution　
3．(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)In cold weather, the structure stays ____________(close) to protect the plants.
考查形容词。空前的stays作系动词，空处作表语，表示“关闭的”，应用形容词closed。
closed　
4．(2024·全国甲卷)They all agreed and vowed (承诺) to promote the idea at the ____________(complete) of their journey.
考查名词。根据前面的the和后面的of可知，空处应用名词completion。
completion　
5．(2024·浙江卷1月)Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one free” promotions because of the ____________(criticize) that they lead to waste. Consumers prefer money off individual items.
考查名词。提示词为动词，根据空前的定冠词the及空后的定语从句“that they lead to waste”可知，空处应作because of的宾语，空处应用名词形式。
criticism　
6．(2025·河北部分学校二检)As a traditional craft rich in culture and art, Hanzhong rattan weaving represents the ____________(collect) wisdom of the working people, mirrors the essence (本质) of simple northwest customs and folk traditions and holds high value for folk custom research.
考查形容词。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，空处在句中作定语，修饰名词wisdom，应用形容词collective，意为“集体的，共同的”。
collective　
7．(2025·金华十校一模)Meanwhile, mobile wallet giants have made their apps and online ____________(pay) more foreigner friendly by simplifying their lengthy set up processes and accepting international credit cards.
考查名词。分析句子结构可知，空处与their apps作have made的宾语，且空处被online修饰，应用名词形式。
payment　
8．(2025·江南十校质检)According to a WHO report, acupuncture is used in 113 of its 120 member countries, illustrating its widespread ____________(recognize) and application.
考查名词。根据空前 widespread 和空后and application可知，空处应用名词recognition与application并列作宾语。
recognition　
9．(2025·浙江新阵地教育联盟二模)Their costumes strike a perfect balance between practicality and grace and combine traditional elements with modern aesthetics, featuring ink green and red color schemes, cloud patterns, and ____________(innovate) cutting techniques.
考查形容词。空处作定语，修饰名词techniques，应用形容词形式。
innovative　
[技法点拨]
1．如何判断填形容词
(1)作定语，修饰名词或复合不定代词；
(2)作表语，表主语的性质或状态；
(3)作主语补足语，补充说明主语；
(4)作宾语补足语，补充说明宾语；
(5)作状语，说明主语的状态或心理感受。
常见后缀 例　词
-able acceptable、 adaptable、 adjustable、 affordable等
-ed/-ing confused、 worried、 exciting、 encouraging等
-ive impressive、 instructive、 appreciative、
progressive等
-ful/-less doubtful、 forgetful、 thankful、 hopeless、 stainless等
2.如何判断填名词
(1)作表语，表明主语是“什么”，说明主语的身份、特征；
(2)作主语、同位语或及物动词(短语)或介词(短语)的宾语；
(3)作定语，说明被修饰词的材料、功能、时间、地点、内容、类别。
常见后缀 例　词
-ment development、achievement、argument、
movement、amazement等
-ion/-tion/
-ation relation、addiction、intention、determination、transportation、communication等
常见后缀 例　词
-ing meeting、greeting、drawing、painting、parking、writing等
-er/-or/
-ar waiter、travel(l)er、farmer、worker、teacher、reporter、sailor、survivor、liar、beggar等
常见后缀 例　词
-ance/
-ence assistance、importance、performance、
existence、acceptance等
-al survival、arrival、approval、refusal、proposal等
考法2　名词的词形转换
名词的变化主要包括名词变复数、名词的词形变化和名词所有格。
[试做经典]
1．(2025·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)The sun-dried clothes smell especially pleasant where I live, thanks to the absence of smog and plenty of blue sky ______________(afternoon) with lots of fresh air.
afternoons　
考查名词复数。根据句意和空前的plenty of 可知，此处表示“许多个天空湛蓝、空气清新的午后”，afternoon在此处是可数名词，空处应用名词复数形式。
times　
2．(2025·浙江卷1月)As people now choose to wear more clothes fewer ____________ (time)，clothing rental services have become increasingly popular.
考查名词复数。time在此处意为“次、回”，为可数名词，根据空前的fewer可知，空处应用名词复数形式。
3．(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)These plants included modern Western ____________(favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel.
考查名词复数。分析句子结构可知，空处作动词included的宾语，前面的modern Western为定语，所以此处应填名词；根据空后的“such as rosemary，lavender and fennel”可知，空处表示复数概念，应用favourites。
favourites　
4．(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)Although they could never have met, there are common __________(theme) in their works, said Paul Edmondson, head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust.
考查名词复数。根据空前的there are可知，此处应用名词复数themes。
themes　
5．(2024·全国甲卷)Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend to catch our attention because of their large size and variety. They are ____________(treasure) of American heritage (遗产).
考查名词复数。根据空前的are和空后的of可知，空处应用名词复数，表示它们是美国遗产中的珍宝。
treasures　
6．(人教必修二U3)She realised that one of the greatest ____________(benefit) of the Internet was its ability to remove the distance that usually exists between people.
考查名词复数。分析句子结构可知，此处为“one of＋the＋形容词最高级＋名词复数”结构，空处应用benefits。
benefits　
7．(人教选必四U3)Trade and curiosity have often formed the foundation of ____________(mankind) greatest achievements.
考查名词所有格。根据句意可知，此处表示“人类最伟大的成就”，mankind与achievements之间存在所属关系，空处应用名词所有格形式。
mankind's　
8．(2025·浙江卷1月)“I really want to make this work for ____________(people) lives today, and I know that doesn't always mean returning a dress on the Monday after a special weekend，” she says.
考查名词所有格。分析句子结构并根据句意可知，空处修饰名词lives，且people 与 lives 之间存在明确的所属关系，应用名词所有格形式。
people's　
9．(2025·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family, where bamboo and tea bushes (灌木) grow wild in the mountains, chickens are always free range，and ____________(center) heating doesn't exist.
考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，空处作定语，修饰名词heating，应用形容词形式。
central　
10．(人教必修一U5)Written Chinese has also become an important means by which ____________(China) present is connected with its past.
考查名词所有格。根据句意可知，此处意为“中国的现在”， China与present之间存在明确的所属关系，应用名词所有格形式。
China's　
[技法点拨]
1．名词的单复数
(1)若提示词为名词，有以下情况时要考虑名词的复数：
①有数词或these、those、several、few、many、all、both、various、different等词修饰时用名词的复数形式；
②名词前有one of、 among时用名词的复数形式；
③若谓语动词是复数形式，则空处应用名词的复数形式。
(2)以o结尾的单词除了两人(Negro、hero)、两菜(tomato、potato)加es外，其余一般加s。
(3)单复数同形：Chinese、Japanese、people、sheep、deer、fish等。
(4)永远不可数的名词：fun、 furniture、 information、 progress、 advice、 weather、 equipment、 homework、 luggage/baggage等。
(5)特殊变化：man→men、woman→women、tooth→teeth、foot→feet、child→children、mouse→mice等。
2．名词转换为形容词
提示词为名词，如果作定语修饰后面的名词，则一般考查名词变形容词。
常见后缀 例　词
-able honorable、 fashionable等
-al natural、 musical、 national、 personal等
-ful colourful、 meaningful、 useful、 careful等
-en wooden、 woolen、 golden、 earthen等
-y wealthy、 healthy、 rainy、 sunny等
3.名词的所有格
提示词与其后的名词是所属关系，应考虑名词的所有格。
(1)单数名词和不以s结尾的复数名词，通常在词尾加's；
(2)以s或es结尾的复数名词，通常在词尾加'。　
考法3　形容词、副词的词形转换
[试做经典]
1．(2025·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Tu says that the balance between the black and white pieces，the beauty in the strategic placement of the pieces, and the energy flow following each move inspired artists to create oil paintings，sculptures, ____________(digital) generated pictures and silk -screen prints for the exhibition.
考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处作状语，修饰动词generated，来说明图形生成的方式，应用副词形式。
digitally　
2．(2025·北京卷)When was the last time you took on a tough choice Maybe this morning you debated whether to get up or stay in bed slightly ____________(long).
考查比较级。根据句意可知，此处表示“多睡一会儿”，空处应用比较级longer。
longer　
3．(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route that/which brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the ____________(rich) of gardening in England.
考查名词。空处跟在定冠词the之后，且空后的of gardening对空处进行限定，因此应用名词richness。
richness　
4．(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)Those cultural elements have increased Stratford's international ____________(visible), said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed to find the connection between the two great writers.
考查名词。international是形容词，应修饰名词。visible的名词形式为visibility，表示“知名度”。
visibility　
5．(2024·全国甲卷)Two years later，18 years before Wyoming became a state, Yellowstone became the first national park in the United States and the world. Yellowstone was the ____________(large) United States national park—2.2 million acres—until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, which became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres.
考查形容词最高级。根据空前的the及句意可知，空处应用形容词最高级，表示“最大的”。
largest　
6．(2025·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)The sun-dried clothes smell especially pleasant where I live, thanks to the ____________(absent) of smog and plenty of blue sky afternoons with lots of fresh air.
考查名词。空处位于定冠词the后，介词of前，应用名词形式。
absence　
7．(2023·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)No matter where I buy them, though, one steamer basket is____________(rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, and so I am always left wanting more next time.
考查副词。空处修饰形容词enough，作状语，应用副词形式。
rarely　
8．(2023·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)So, what are they learning ____________(basic), how to describe a panda's life.
考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰整个句子，应使用副词形式。空处位于句首，首字母应大写。
Basically　
9．(外研选必一 U1)People sit uncomfortably on plastic chairs, looking through old magazines, all of which have been read hundreds of times ____________(previous).
考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰动词read，应用副词形式。
previously　
10．(译林选必一 U3)While it was hard to pick a favourite painting out of so many amazing works, the artists who made the __________ (deep) impression on me were two of the greatest Impressionist painters, Claude Monet and Pierre -Auguste Renoir.
考查形容词的最高级。根据句意并结合空前的定冠词the 可知，空处应用形容词的最高级形式。
deepest　
11．(人教选必一 U1)Albert Einstein, who is perhaps the greatest scientist in modern physics, is often considered one of the ____________ (smart) men who ever lived.
考查形容词的最高级。分析句子结构可知，此处为“one of the＋形容词最高级＋名词复数形式”结构，空处应用smartest。
smartest　
[技法点拨]
1．形容词、副词的词形转换
(1)分析句子结构发现提示词是形容词且需要改变词性时，应考虑用派生的副词形式或名词形式；
(2)若空处作定语、表语，则应考虑用形容词形式；
(3)若空处修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，则应考虑用副词形式；
(4)若空处在介词后，则应考虑用名词形式作宾语。
2．形容词变副词规律
(1)一般形容词变副词直接在其后加ly，如：quick →quickly、anxious→ anxiously；
(2)以e结尾的形容词一般不去e，直接加ly，如：immediate→immediately、brave→bravely (例外：true→truly)；
(3)一些以le结尾的形容词去e加y，如：simple→simply、 gentle→gently、 possible→possibly (例外：whole→wholly)；
(4)“辅音字母＋y”结尾，变y为i，再加ly，如：happy→happily、 easy→easily (例外：shy→ shyly)；
(5)以ic结尾的形容词加ally，如：economic→economically、 basic→basically (例外：public→publicly)；
(6)以ll结尾的形容词在其后加y，如：full →fully、 dull →dully。
3．形容词、副词转换为比较级、最高级
(1)利用标志词确定比较等级：
①句中有much、far、still、even、rather、a little、a bit、a lot、a great deal、than等标志词时用比较级；
②空后有表示范围的标志词in、of、among等时用最高级。
(2)利用固定句型：
①“the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..”意为“越……，就越……”；
②“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级含义；
③句中虽没有标志词，但暗含比较，也需要用比较级或最高级。
考法4　代词的词形转换
[试做经典]
1．(2025·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)Over time, I've found ____________(I) feeling extremely at home here.
考查代词。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，空处与主语指同一人，表示“我自己”，应用反身代词myself。
myself　
2．(2024·全国甲卷)What should be done with such a beautiful place They wondered out loud. This area, with ____________(it) unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved for all people of the nation to enjoy—as a national park.
考查形容词性物主代词。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，空处修饰后面的beauty，应用形容词性物主代词its。
its　
3．(2024·浙江卷1月)Who knows, perhaps some of the more forward-looking ____________(one) may yet come out with a whole range of “just for you” pack sizes with special offers as well.
考查代词。代词one意为“(在某类人中的)一个”，其前有some of限定修饰，应用one的复数形式。
ones　
4．(2023·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Nanxiang aside, the best xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them to be lifted out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of __________(they) contents.
考查代词。此处用形容词性物主代词their作定语，修饰空后的名词contents，表示“不会使小笼包开裂，或者溢出小笼包里的任何东西”。
their　
5．(译林选必三 U4)If your heart breaks like ____________(I) at the thought of our irreplaceable heritage being lost forever, please take action.
考查代词。根据语境可知，空处指代“我的心”，应用名词性物主代词 mine，相当于 my heart。
mine　
6．(外研选必二 U3)With the rapid development of social media, emojis are becoming an integral component of the language we use to express ____________(we).
考查代词。根据语境可知，此处意为“我们用来表达自己想法的语言”。空处作动词express的宾语，与其逻辑主语we指代同一些人，应用反身代词。
ourselves　
[技法点拨]
提示词为代词，当句子缺少主语、宾语、定语或表语时，一般填代词；确定填代词之后，再看一下空处所填代词是否与上文提到的人或物有指代关系。
1．若分析句子结构发现提示词作主语，则应考虑人称代词的主格形式；
2．若分析句子结构发现提示词作宾语，则应考虑人称代词的宾格形式；
3．若分析句子结构发现提示词作定语，则应考虑形容词性物主代词；
4．若分析句子结构发现提示词作动词或介词的宾语，且和主语是同一人时，则应考虑反身代词。
课堂新体验
Test 1
(2025·安徽六校入学考试)Is it harmful to wear sunglasses all the time In 1.____________ word, yes. Sure, most of us probably should wear sunglasses, especially outdoors 2.____________(protect) our eyes against damaging ultraviolet (UV) rays (紫外线). However, wearing sunglasses when you don't need UV protection can damage your eyesight in the long run. If you 3.____________(routine) wear sunglasses in fairly dark indoor environments, less natural light will reach your eyes. The reduction in light 4.____________(expose) may disturb your body clock and thus affect your sleep schedule. Besides, the extended use of sunglasses can lead to increased light sensitivity when you are not wearing them, 5.____________(make) your eyes more vulnerable to bright light.
a
to protect
routinely　
exposure　
making　
Wearing sunglasses can make your eyes feel extreme tiredness, 6.____________ can in turn lead to headaches and unbalanced movement.
Sunglasses 7.____________ adequate UV protection can not be worn, especially outdoors. This can be particularly true of sunglasses bought from dollar stores where traditionally everything 8.____________(price) at $1. They are usually of 9.____________(poor) quality than sunglasses bought in big stores. When shopping for sunglasses, always look for those clearly showing that they provide 100% protection. It's also necessary to have your sunglasses 10.____________(test) by a professional organization to make sure their UV protection is adequate.
which　
without　
is priced
poorer　
tested　
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了长时间戴太阳镜对眼睛有害，以及选太阳镜的注意事项。
1．a　考查冠词。in a word意为“总之，一句话，简言之”，为固定短语。
2．to protect　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处作非谓语，“wear sunglasses”的目的是保护眼睛免受紫外线的伤害，空处应用动词不定式短语作目的状语。
3．routinely　考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰动词wear，应用副词形式。
4．exposure　考查名词。分析句子结构可知，空处作介词in的宾语，应用名词形式。
5．making　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处作非谓语，make与逻辑主语“increased light sensitivity”之间为主动关系，应用现在分词形式作结果状语。
6．which　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为整个主句，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。
7．without　考查介词。根据句意可知，没有足够紫外线防护的太阳镜不能戴，应用介词without。
8．is priced　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作谓语，描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时；主语everything与动词price之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语是单数，be动词应用is。
9．poorer　考查形容词比较级。根据句意及句中的than可知，此处应用形容词的比较级poorer，意为“更差的”。
10．tested　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处为“have＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，test与your sunglasses之间为动宾关系，应用过去分词形式。
Test 2
(2025·豫西北联盟第一次质检)A tea culture salon may be the best way to experience China's tea ceremonies and culture in overseas locations.
“Tea for Harmony” cultural salon in Bath, England on Friday was aimed 1.____________ both celebrating International Tea Day, which fell on May 21st and promising participants an opportunity 2.____________(experience) teas and culture from Central China's Hubei Province. The 3.____________(represent) group from the Hubei Tea Association brought three types of tea to be enjoyed at the salon：Enshi Yulu, Yihong Black Tea, and Qingzhuan Tea.
at
to experience　
representative　
The history of the teas on offer 4.____________(date) back more than 1，000 years, and the crafting techniques of Enshi Yulu and Qingzhuan Tea have become national intangible cultural heritages. Each tea was presented with its appealing tea ceremony, where 5.____________ tea master introduced its area of origin and its distinct characteristics, 6.____________ demonstrated the particular way the tea should be prepared and appreciated. “Unique”， “delicate” and “wonderful” 7.____________(be) words British participants used to describe their feelings during the tea tastings.
dates　
a
and　
were　
“Tea is such an important part of British culture that we have an entire meal 8.____________(create) that we have entirely dedicated to our afternoon tea. It's very important for us British to be in Bath this afternoon, 9.____________ is the best and most elegant afternoon tea destination，”said Dianne Francombe, CEO of the Bristol and West of England China Bureau.
created　
which　
“Fine tea is more expressive than fine wine, and that experience, the flavors and delicacy of tea, is something 10.____________(true) superb. I look forward to continued friendship with friends from China whenever you visit this region.”
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了“茶促和谐”文化沙龙在英国巴斯举行，并向参与者提供体验中国的茶和文化的机会。
truly　
1．at　考查介词。be aimed at doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“旨在做某事”。
2．to experience　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，修饰名词opportunity，应用动词不定式作后置定语，意为“做某事的机会”。
3．representative　考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰名词，应用形容词作定语。
4．dates　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。date back是固定短语，意为“追溯到”；此处描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时；主语是The history，谓语动词应用单数。
5．a　考查冠词。根据句意可知，此处指“一位大师”，表泛指，且master发音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。
6．and　考查连词。分析句子结构可知，demonstrated和introduced并列作谓语，应用连词and。
7．were　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据“during the tea tastings”可知，此处描述的是过去发生的事，应用一般过去时；主语是复数形式，be动词应用were。
8．created　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处为非谓语；create与meal是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词形式。
9．which　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，且在从句中作主语，先行词是Bath，应用which。
10．truly　考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰形容词superb，应用副词。