高考英语二轮复习专题四语法填空第三讲冠词、代词、介词(短语)、数词及连词语法项目(一)冠词课件
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| 名称 | 高考英语二轮复习专题四语法填空第三讲冠词、代词、介词(短语)、数词及连词语法项目(一)冠词课件 |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2026-03-10 00:00:00 | ||
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第三讲 冠词、代词、介词(短语)、数词及连词
语法项目(一) 冠 词
冠词是高考语法填空的常考点，经常考查不定冠词a、an和定冠词the的基本用法和固定搭配。解答此类题目时，空后有名词且两者搭配在一起表示泛指含义时，要考虑不定冠词a/an；有序数词、最高级、表示特指或特指意义的比较级等形式时，要考虑定冠词the；空处前后的词与冠词构成的固定搭配要牢记。
如何判定填冠词
[典例呈现]
(2025·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Go is one of ____________ earliest binary-based (基于二元的) games.The movements of the black and white pieces reflect the basic ideas of Eastern philosophy, according to Tu Ningning, who is in charge of the exhibition.
the
[解析] 第一步：确定是否填冠词。分析句子结构可知，空后有最高级earliest修饰名词短语binary-based games。
第二步：判断是特指还是泛指。当最高级后有修饰的名词时，最高级前需用定冠词the。
[技法点拨]
第一步：确定是否填冠词
分析句子结构，看空后是否有名词。
第二步：判断是特指还是泛指
1．若空后有可数名词单数，搭配后表示泛指时，应考虑用不定冠词a/an；
2．若空后有名词，搭配后表示特指时，应考虑用定冠词the；
3．看看是不是固定搭配。
考法 冠词的基本用法
[试做经典]
1．(2025·浙江卷1月)The price of fashion—economically and environmentally—has led to the rise of ____________ new way of dressing，and it's beginning to take off in Australia，too.
考查冠词。way在此处意为“方式”，为可数名词，表示泛指，且new的发音以辅音音素开头，空处应用a。
a
2．(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse walks visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for ____________ first time.
考查冠词。for the first time是固定搭配，意为“第一次”。
the
3．(2024·浙江卷1月)Over the last two years, some supermarkets have started selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions (份). Then, when you use one section, ____________ other stays fresh.
考查冠词。分析句子结构可知，空后省略了名词section。the other意为“另一个”，为固定搭配，空处应用定冠词。
the
4．(2023·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)The meat should be fresh with ____________ touch of sweetness, and the surrounding soup hot, clear and delicious.
考查冠词。a touch of是固定搭配，意为“少许、微量”。
a
5．(外研选必一U6)It was actually a very clever means to highlight the importance of the Great Barrier Reef and ____________ need to protect it.
考查冠词。根据语境可知，此处特指保护大堡礁的迫切需求，应用定冠词the。
the
6．(2023·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)Not the pandas, even though ____________ language used for the medical training instructions is actually English.
考查冠词。根据语境可知，此处特指医疗培训指令使用的语言，且language后面有后置定语，应用定冠词the。
the
7．(北师大选必二U5)Now that Helen grasped ____________ key to language, she was very eager to learn more and use it as much as she could.
考查冠词。根据语境可知，此处特指“语言的关键”，应用定冠词the。
the
8．(人教必修二U2)Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being____________ threat to wildlife and to our planet.
考查冠词。根据语境可知，此处为抽象名词具体化，泛指“对野生动物和地球有威胁的人”，且threat的发音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。
a
9．(人教选必二U2)My presentation on traditional Chinese art was ____________ great success, which boosted my confidence.
考查冠词。根据语境可知，此处为抽象名词具体化，泛指“一件成功的事”，且great的发音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。
a
10．(外研选必一U5) Most surprisingly of all, plants have ____________ amazing system of communication that can link nearly every plant in a forest.
考查冠词。根据语境可知，此处泛指“一套令人惊叹的通信系统”，且amazing的发音以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an。
an
11．(北师大选必二U5)Anne was a teacher and former student at a school for ____________ blind in Boston.
考查冠词。“the＋形容词”表示一类人，为固定搭配。
the
12．(人教选必一U1)Tu Youyou, ____________ committed and patient scientist, was born in Ningbo, China, on 30 December 1930, and graduated from Peking University Medical School in 1955.
考查冠词。分析句子结构可知，committed and patient scientist 作 Tu Youyou 的同位语，泛指“一位尽职尽责，锲而不舍的科学家”，且 committed的发音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。
a
[技法点拨]
1．两个口诀巧判用the还是a/an
(1)用定冠词the的情况：
特指双方熟悉，上文已提及，世上独一无二，专有名词、西洋乐器、序数词或最高级前。
(2)用不定冠词a/an的情况：
泛指一类人或物，与one同义表“一”，和序数词一起表“又一、再一”。
2．五种可能填冠词的情况
(1)填不定冠词a/an的情况：
①a/an＋单数可数名词；
②a/an＋形容词＋单数可数名词。
(2)填定冠词the的情况：
①the(＋定语)＋名词＋of等介词短语；
②the(＋定语)＋名词＋定语从句；
③the(＋定语)＋名词＋不定式/分词短语。
3．根据固定搭配或用法确定冠词
(1)不定冠词用在固定搭配中，如：
catch a cold、 have a fever、 all of a sudden、 as a matter of fact、 as a result、 have a gift for、 make a living、 give sb. a lift、 have a good knowledge of等；
(2)定冠词用在固定搭配中，如：
at the same time、 on the contrary、 to tell the truth、 in the distance、 make the most/best of、 on the spot等；
(3)动词(catch/take/hit等)＋sb.＋介词＋the＋身体部位；
(4)a＋比较级(＋名词)，表示“一个更……的人或物”；
(5)抽象名词具体化：
具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时，可以与不定冠词连用，常考的有surprise、 pleasure、 comfort、 danger、 success、 failure、 beauty等。
课堂新体验
Test 1
(2025·石家庄摸底考试)Few animals can survive in the Gobi Desert like wild camels, where temperatures range from over 40℃ in summer to －40℃ in winter. However, experts believe that there are now only about 1，000 wild camels 1.__________(leave). Luckily, rescue may be at hand from an unlikely source: space technology.
left
The wild camels are distributed across the vast land, 2.____________(make) it impossible to track or monitor them accurately. Liu Shaochuang, 3.____________ remote sensing specialist, realised that he was in a unique position to help with remote sensing—the use of satellites.
making
a
The first step is 4.____________(fit) camels with tracking collars that link to satellites, 5.____________ can be used to determine their positions daily. Once the camels' key habitats 6.____________(identify), Liu's team study the environment with the remote sensing technology. They can study extensive data regarding the camels' movements, the ecological impact of climate change, 7.____________ other potential threats, all from his desk in Beijing. It is this 8.____________(innovate) approach to conservation that earned Liu his Rolex Award for Enterprise. Nevertheless, he 9.____________(regular) returns to the Gobi Desert to continue his work.
to fit
which
are identified
and
innovative
regularly
Liu's work with the wild camel is just the start, and he hopes that the series of 10.____________(strategy) his team have developed can help protect other endangered animals.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了中国遥感专家刘少创运用遥感技术，跨界拯救濒危野生骆驼的事迹。
strategies
1．left 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作非谓语，与其逻辑主语“1，000 wild camels”之间是动宾关系，应用过去分词形式作后置定语。
2．making 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作非谓语。结合句意可知，此处表示自然而然的结果，应用现在分词形式。
3．a 考查冠词。“____________ remote sensing specialist”作“Liu Shaochuang”的同位语，specialist为可数名词，此处表示泛指，且remote的发音以辅音音素开头，应用a。
4．to fit 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处应用动词不定式作表语。
5．which 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是名词短语tracking collars，从句缺少主语，应用which引导。
6．are identified 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处作谓语。结合句意可知，此处描述客观事实，应用一般现在时；主语“the camels' key habitats”是复数形式，和identify之间是被动关系。
7．and 考查连词。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，“the camels' movements” “the ecological impact of climate change”和下文“other potential threats”是并列关系，应用and连接。
8．innovative 考查形容词。空处修饰名词approach，应用形容词形式。
9．regularly 考查副词。空处修饰谓语动词returns，应用副词形式。
10．strategies 考查名词复数。strategy为可数名词。根据上文“the series of”可知，此处表示“一系列策略”，应用复数形式。
Test 2
(2025·湖南名校联考) The arrival of DeepSeek R1, an AI language model built by the Chinese AI lab DeepSeek, has astonished the world. After 1.______________(launch), it shot to the top of download charts and sparked a $1tn tech-stock (科技股) selloff, and people expressed extremely negative and pessimistic 2.____________(view), even with a sense of crisis as if the end of the world were approaching.
being launched
views
R1, built on a tight budget yet equal in ability to top US models, demonstrates Chinese technological power. For AI fans，3.____________(it) arrival wasn't a total shock. DeepSeek, founded in 2023, focused on data heavy 4.____________(finance) analysis, similar to top-end AI research. The CEO of DeepSeek said the work 5.______________(motivate) by passion, not profit.
its
financial
was motivated
Last December, the company launched DeepSeek V3, R1's high-performance and low-cost predecessor (前身). V3 and R1 are LLMs (大型语言模型), used for various tasks 6.____________ copywriting to coding.
from
R1's impact is greater for a few reasons. Firstly, it's 7.____________ “chain-of-thought” model, improving response quality and boosting its ability 8.____________(answer) valued queries. It's more accessible and free for users and developers, 9.____________ makes the performance easier to appreciate for the first time. Secondly, R1 challenges Silicon Valley's AI approach. US firms enlarge models with more data and power, increasing energy demands. R1, however, is 95% cheaper than OpenAI's o1 and uses one tenth of Llama 3.1's computing power, achieving similar performance 10.____________(efficient) at an extremely low cost.
a
to answer
which
efficiently
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了DeepSeek R1的影响、特点及优势。
1．being launched 考查非谓语动词。 分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词，空处为非谓语。位于介词After之后，用动名词形式，且逻辑主语it(指代DeepSeek R1)与launch之间是被动关系，应用动名词的被动形式。
2．views 考查名词复数。 根据空前的negative and pessimistic可知，这里指人们表达的多种观点，应用view的复数形式，作expressed的宾语。
3．its 考查代词。 空处修饰名词arrival，应用形容词性物主代词its。
4．financial 考查形容词。 空处修饰名词analysis，应用形容词形式，作定语。
5．was motivated 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处为宾语从句的谓语，根据主句谓语said可知，时态为一般过去时；从句主语work与motivate之间是被动关系；主语为第三人称单数，be动词应用was。
6．from 考查介词。 from...to...是固定搭配，意为“从……到……”。
7．a 考查冠词。 空处泛指“一个‘思维链’模型”，chain- of thought是以辅音音素开头的单词，应用不定冠词a。
8．to answer 考查非谓语动词。 the ability to do sth.意为“做某事的能力”，空处应用不定式，作定语。
9．which 考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面整个句子，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。
10．efficiently 考查副词。 空处修饰动词achieving，应用副词形式，作状语。
第三讲 冠词、代词、介词(短语)、数词及连词
语法项目(一) 冠 词
冠词是高考语法填空的常考点，经常考查不定冠词a、an和定冠词the的基本用法和固定搭配。解答此类题目时，空后有名词且两者搭配在一起表示泛指含义时，要考虑不定冠词a/an；有序数词、最高级、表示特指或特指意义的比较级等形式时，要考虑定冠词the；空处前后的词与冠词构成的固定搭配要牢记。
如何判定填冠词
[典例呈现]
(2025·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Go is one of ____________ earliest binary-based (基于二元的) games.The movements of the black and white pieces reflect the basic ideas of Eastern philosophy, according to Tu Ningning, who is in charge of the exhibition.
the
[解析] 第一步：确定是否填冠词。分析句子结构可知，空后有最高级earliest修饰名词短语binary-based games。
第二步：判断是特指还是泛指。当最高级后有修饰的名词时，最高级前需用定冠词the。
[技法点拨]
第一步：确定是否填冠词
分析句子结构，看空后是否有名词。
第二步：判断是特指还是泛指
1．若空后有可数名词单数，搭配后表示泛指时，应考虑用不定冠词a/an；
2．若空后有名词，搭配后表示特指时，应考虑用定冠词the；
3．看看是不是固定搭配。
考法 冠词的基本用法
[试做经典]
1．(2025·浙江卷1月)The price of fashion—economically and environmentally—has led to the rise of ____________ new way of dressing，and it's beginning to take off in Australia，too.
考查冠词。way在此处意为“方式”，为可数名词，表示泛指，且new的发音以辅音音素开头，空处应用a。
a
2．(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse walks visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for ____________ first time.
考查冠词。for the first time是固定搭配，意为“第一次”。
the
3．(2024·浙江卷1月)Over the last two years, some supermarkets have started selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions (份). Then, when you use one section, ____________ other stays fresh.
考查冠词。分析句子结构可知，空后省略了名词section。the other意为“另一个”，为固定搭配，空处应用定冠词。
the
4．(2023·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)The meat should be fresh with ____________ touch of sweetness, and the surrounding soup hot, clear and delicious.
考查冠词。a touch of是固定搭配，意为“少许、微量”。
a
5．(外研选必一U6)It was actually a very clever means to highlight the importance of the Great Barrier Reef and ____________ need to protect it.
考查冠词。根据语境可知，此处特指保护大堡礁的迫切需求，应用定冠词the。
the
6．(2023·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)Not the pandas, even though ____________ language used for the medical training instructions is actually English.
考查冠词。根据语境可知，此处特指医疗培训指令使用的语言，且language后面有后置定语，应用定冠词the。
the
7．(北师大选必二U5)Now that Helen grasped ____________ key to language, she was very eager to learn more and use it as much as she could.
考查冠词。根据语境可知，此处特指“语言的关键”，应用定冠词the。
the
8．(人教必修二U2)Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being____________ threat to wildlife and to our planet.
考查冠词。根据语境可知，此处为抽象名词具体化，泛指“对野生动物和地球有威胁的人”，且threat的发音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。
a
9．(人教选必二U2)My presentation on traditional Chinese art was ____________ great success, which boosted my confidence.
考查冠词。根据语境可知，此处为抽象名词具体化，泛指“一件成功的事”，且great的发音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。
a
10．(外研选必一U5) Most surprisingly of all, plants have ____________ amazing system of communication that can link nearly every plant in a forest.
考查冠词。根据语境可知，此处泛指“一套令人惊叹的通信系统”，且amazing的发音以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an。
an
11．(北师大选必二U5)Anne was a teacher and former student at a school for ____________ blind in Boston.
考查冠词。“the＋形容词”表示一类人，为固定搭配。
the
12．(人教选必一U1)Tu Youyou, ____________ committed and patient scientist, was born in Ningbo, China, on 30 December 1930, and graduated from Peking University Medical School in 1955.
考查冠词。分析句子结构可知，committed and patient scientist 作 Tu Youyou 的同位语，泛指“一位尽职尽责，锲而不舍的科学家”，且 committed的发音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。
a
[技法点拨]
1．两个口诀巧判用the还是a/an
(1)用定冠词the的情况：
特指双方熟悉，上文已提及，世上独一无二，专有名词、西洋乐器、序数词或最高级前。
(2)用不定冠词a/an的情况：
泛指一类人或物，与one同义表“一”，和序数词一起表“又一、再一”。
2．五种可能填冠词的情况
(1)填不定冠词a/an的情况：
①a/an＋单数可数名词；
②a/an＋形容词＋单数可数名词。
(2)填定冠词the的情况：
①the(＋定语)＋名词＋of等介词短语；
②the(＋定语)＋名词＋定语从句；
③the(＋定语)＋名词＋不定式/分词短语。
3．根据固定搭配或用法确定冠词
(1)不定冠词用在固定搭配中，如：
catch a cold、 have a fever、 all of a sudden、 as a matter of fact、 as a result、 have a gift for、 make a living、 give sb. a lift、 have a good knowledge of等；
(2)定冠词用在固定搭配中，如：
at the same time、 on the contrary、 to tell the truth、 in the distance、 make the most/best of、 on the spot等；
(3)动词(catch/take/hit等)＋sb.＋介词＋the＋身体部位；
(4)a＋比较级(＋名词)，表示“一个更……的人或物”；
(5)抽象名词具体化：
具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时，可以与不定冠词连用，常考的有surprise、 pleasure、 comfort、 danger、 success、 failure、 beauty等。
课堂新体验
Test 1
(2025·石家庄摸底考试)Few animals can survive in the Gobi Desert like wild camels, where temperatures range from over 40℃ in summer to －40℃ in winter. However, experts believe that there are now only about 1，000 wild camels 1.__________(leave). Luckily, rescue may be at hand from an unlikely source: space technology.
left
The wild camels are distributed across the vast land, 2.____________(make) it impossible to track or monitor them accurately. Liu Shaochuang, 3.____________ remote sensing specialist, realised that he was in a unique position to help with remote sensing—the use of satellites.
making
a
The first step is 4.____________(fit) camels with tracking collars that link to satellites, 5.____________ can be used to determine their positions daily. Once the camels' key habitats 6.____________(identify), Liu's team study the environment with the remote sensing technology. They can study extensive data regarding the camels' movements, the ecological impact of climate change, 7.____________ other potential threats, all from his desk in Beijing. It is this 8.____________(innovate) approach to conservation that earned Liu his Rolex Award for Enterprise. Nevertheless, he 9.____________(regular) returns to the Gobi Desert to continue his work.
to fit
which
are identified
and
innovative
regularly
Liu's work with the wild camel is just the start, and he hopes that the series of 10.____________(strategy) his team have developed can help protect other endangered animals.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了中国遥感专家刘少创运用遥感技术，跨界拯救濒危野生骆驼的事迹。
strategies
1．left 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作非谓语，与其逻辑主语“1，000 wild camels”之间是动宾关系，应用过去分词形式作后置定语。
2．making 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作非谓语。结合句意可知，此处表示自然而然的结果，应用现在分词形式。
3．a 考查冠词。“____________ remote sensing specialist”作“Liu Shaochuang”的同位语，specialist为可数名词，此处表示泛指，且remote的发音以辅音音素开头，应用a。
4．to fit 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处应用动词不定式作表语。
5．which 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是名词短语tracking collars，从句缺少主语，应用which引导。
6．are identified 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处作谓语。结合句意可知，此处描述客观事实，应用一般现在时；主语“the camels' key habitats”是复数形式，和identify之间是被动关系。
7．and 考查连词。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，“the camels' movements” “the ecological impact of climate change”和下文“other potential threats”是并列关系，应用and连接。
8．innovative 考查形容词。空处修饰名词approach，应用形容词形式。
9．regularly 考查副词。空处修饰谓语动词returns，应用副词形式。
10．strategies 考查名词复数。strategy为可数名词。根据上文“the series of”可知，此处表示“一系列策略”，应用复数形式。
Test 2
(2025·湖南名校联考) The arrival of DeepSeek R1, an AI language model built by the Chinese AI lab DeepSeek, has astonished the world. After 1.______________(launch), it shot to the top of download charts and sparked a $1tn tech-stock (科技股) selloff, and people expressed extremely negative and pessimistic 2.____________(view), even with a sense of crisis as if the end of the world were approaching.
being launched
views
R1, built on a tight budget yet equal in ability to top US models, demonstrates Chinese technological power. For AI fans，3.____________(it) arrival wasn't a total shock. DeepSeek, founded in 2023, focused on data heavy 4.____________(finance) analysis, similar to top-end AI research. The CEO of DeepSeek said the work 5.______________(motivate) by passion, not profit.
its
financial
was motivated
Last December, the company launched DeepSeek V3, R1's high-performance and low-cost predecessor (前身). V3 and R1 are LLMs (大型语言模型), used for various tasks 6.____________ copywriting to coding.
from
R1's impact is greater for a few reasons. Firstly, it's 7.____________ “chain-of-thought” model, improving response quality and boosting its ability 8.____________(answer) valued queries. It's more accessible and free for users and developers, 9.____________ makes the performance easier to appreciate for the first time. Secondly, R1 challenges Silicon Valley's AI approach. US firms enlarge models with more data and power, increasing energy demands. R1, however, is 95% cheaper than OpenAI's o1 and uses one tenth of Llama 3.1's computing power, achieving similar performance 10.____________(efficient) at an extremely low cost.
a
to answer
which
efficiently
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了DeepSeek R1的影响、特点及优势。
1．being launched 考查非谓语动词。 分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词，空处为非谓语。位于介词After之后，用动名词形式，且逻辑主语it(指代DeepSeek R1)与launch之间是被动关系，应用动名词的被动形式。
2．views 考查名词复数。 根据空前的negative and pessimistic可知，这里指人们表达的多种观点，应用view的复数形式，作expressed的宾语。
3．its 考查代词。 空处修饰名词arrival，应用形容词性物主代词its。
4．financial 考查形容词。 空处修饰名词analysis，应用形容词形式，作定语。
5．was motivated 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处为宾语从句的谓语，根据主句谓语said可知，时态为一般过去时；从句主语work与motivate之间是被动关系；主语为第三人称单数，be动词应用was。
6．from 考查介词。 from...to...是固定搭配，意为“从……到……”。
7．a 考查冠词。 空处泛指“一个‘思维链’模型”，chain- of thought是以辅音音素开头的单词，应用不定冠词a。
8．to answer 考查非谓语动词。 the ability to do sth.意为“做某事的能力”，空处应用不定式，作定语。
9．which 考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面整个句子，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。
10．efficiently 考查副词。 空处修饰动词achieving，应用副词形式，作状语。