高考英语二轮复习专题四语法填空第三讲冠词、代词、介词(短语)、数词及连词语法项目(四)连词课件

(共70张PPT)
语法项目(四)　连　词
对连词的考查主要涉及并列连词和三大从句，是高考语法填空的重点和难点，也是学生的易错点。分析句子成分，牢记从句规则用法是解题的关键。
如何判定填连词
[典例呈现]
(2025·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)But it's amazing how you can adapt ____________ learn in a new environment.
[解析]　第一步：判断是否填连词。分析句子结构可知，adapt和learn之间存在逻辑关系。
第二步：确定具体的连词。分析句子结构可知，adapt和learn都是谓语动词，两者为并列关系，空处应用并列连词and。
and
[技法点拨]
第一步：确定并列连词
如果两个单词、短语、分句之间存在并列、转折、选择、因果关系时，填并列连词。
第二步：确定引导词
如果空处引导从句，则首先要看它所引导的是哪一种从句，然后根据引导词的种类和功能来确定填哪一个引导词。
考法1　并列连词
[试做经典]
1．(2025·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Tu says that the balance between the black and white pieces，the beauty in the strategic placement of the pieces, ____________ the energy flow following each move inspired artists to create oil paintings，sculptures, digitally generated pictures and silk-screen prints for the exhibition.
考查连词。分析句子结构可知，三个名词短语“the balance...”“the beauty...”和“ the energy...”为并列关系，应用并列连词and。
and
2．(2024·浙江卷1月)The shelves in most supermarkets are full of family-size this and multi buy that. However, if you're shopping for one, buying extra to benefit from price reductions doesn't make sense. Either your shopping is then too heavy to carry home ____________ you can't use what you've bought while it's still fresh.
考查连词。分析句子结构可知，空前后两个分句之间是选择关系。either...or...意为“要么……要么……”，为固定用法。
or　
3．(2023·全国乙卷)It is a distinct visual contrast (反差) that shouldn't work, ____________ somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination.
考查连词。根据句意可知，前后分句间是转折关系，应用but或yet。
but/yet　
4．(2025·浙江卷1月)Customers today look past the fact that something is secondhand and focus instead on the fact that they have something unique to wear ____________ are not overstuffing their own wardrobes (衣柜) or contributing to landfill.
考查连词。分析句子结构可知，“that they have something unique...contributing to landfill”是that引导的同位语从句，其中“have something unique to wear”和“are not overstuffing their own wardrobes or contributing to landfill”是并列关系，空处应用并列连词and。
and
5．(2025·湖北十一校联考)In an interview, Zhao said that the in-vogue hanfu seen on the streets of China today was not exactly what ancient Han people once wore ____________ that it remained a positive promotion of our hanfu culture.
考查连词。根据句意可知，空后的宾语从句与上文形成转折关系，表示“但是”，应用表转折的并列连词but。
but　
6．(北师大选必三U7)If you think you can't be replaced by software, ____________ your job can't be outsourced to some robots on the moon, you are wrong.
考查连词。分析句子结构可知，空处连接并列的宾语从句，表示选择关系，应用or。
or　
7．(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language ____________ see how Tang's play was being performed.
考查连词。分析句子结构可知，句中It作形式主语，空处前后有两个相同结构的非谓语动词短语作真正的主语，且为并列关系，应用并列连词and。
and
[技法点拨]
1．关系分析法
分析空格前后单词、短语或分句之间的关系，确定用哪个连词。
(1)表示并列或递进关系的连词有and、both．..and．..、neither．..nor．..、 not only．..but (also)．..等；
(2)表示选择关系的连词有or、either．..or．..等；
(3)表示转折或对比关系的连词有but、 while、 not．..but．..等；
(4)表示因果关系的连词有so、 for等。
2．句型法
(1)祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句
(2)be doing．..when．.. 正在做……，这时……
be about to do．..when．..
正要做……，这时……
had just done．..when．..
刚做完……，这时……
hardly．..when．.. 一……就……
考法2　定语从句
[试做经典]
1．(2025·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go，or weiqi in Chinese, ____________ originated in China more than 4，000 years ago.
考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，且在从句中作主语，先行词为Go，指物，应用关系代词which。
which　
2．(2025·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)Yet now，I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China, with my Chinese husband and his family, ____________bamboo and tea bushes (灌木) grow wild in the mountains，chickens are always free-range, and central heating doesn't exist.
考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词countryside，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where。
where　
3．(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route ____________ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England.
考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为表示物的名词短语the Silk Route，关系词在从句中作主语，应用that/which。
that/which　
4．(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)Chinese cultural elements commemorating(纪念)Tang Xianzu, ____________ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia”， add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare's hometown.
考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，指人，先行词是Tang Xianzu，故应用who引导。
who　
5．(2024·全国甲卷)Yellowstone was the largest United States national park—2.2 million acres—until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, ____________became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres.
考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，且在从句中作主语，先行词是Wrangell-Saint Elias，应用which。
which　
6．(2025·浙江卷1月)Tanya is also looking beyond special -occasion dresses to less formal clothing，__________ she plans to package as capsule wardrobes and offer to travellers, such as those headed to weddings abroad, with a longer-term rental period.
考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是less formal clothing，指物，空处在从句中作package和offer的宾语，应用关系代词which。
which　
7．(外研必修三U2)____________the Chinese saying goes, “A kind hearted person lives a long life.”
考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，意为“正如”，应用关系代词as，且单词位于句首，首字母应大写。
As　
8．(人教必修三U3)The majority of residents in Chinatown are still ethnic Chinese, many of ____________ do not speak English fluently.
考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，句中many of ____________引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词ethnic Chinese，指人，应用关系代词whom。
whom　
9．(外研必修三U2)In Prague, Winton saw people living in terrible conditions and ____________ lives were in danger.
考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，在从句中作定语，相当于 people's，应用关系代词 whose。
whose　
10．(译林选必四U1)As you go through your daily life, you will encounter many difficult situations____________ things may go wrong.
考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词situations表示抽象地点，从句中缺少地点状语，应用关系副词where。
where　
[技法点拨]
第一步：确定是定语从句
分析句子结构，空处无提示词，空后的句子不完整，且对空前的某一名词、代词或整个主句起限定作用，就要考虑填定语从句关系词。
第二步：分清限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
在先行词的后面出现逗号的往往是非限制性定语从句。
1．that、 why不能引导非限制性定语从句；
2．which引导非限制性定语从句，可以代表主句的全部或部分内容，可在从句中充当实义动词的主语；
3．as引导非限制性定语从句，可置于句首、句中或句末，意为“正如”。
第三步：寻找先行词，判断属性(指人还是指物，表示时间、地点还是原因)
1．先行词指人用that、who、whom、whose；
2．先行词指物用that、which、whose；
3．表示时间、地点、原因分别用when、where、why。　
第四步：判断从句中所缺成分，确定关系词
1．缺少主语用that、which、who；
2．缺少动词的宾语用that、which、who、whom；
3．缺少介词的宾语用whom、which；
4．缺少定语用whose；
5．缺少时间、地点或原因状语分别用when、where、why。
考法3　名词性从句
[试做经典]
1．(2025·北京卷)I sometimes call him back, worried that he might have someone scared. The truth, though, is ____________ could be guessed—there's never anyone else here. Just me, Nick, and the quiet forest.
考查表语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导表语从句，从句中缺少主语，指物，应用what引导。
what　
2．(2024·全国甲卷)On a cool, starry night in mid -September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in ____________ is now northwestern Wyoming. They were part of a 15 member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there.
考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，且在宾语从句中作主语，应用what。
what　
3．(2023·新高考全国卷Ⅱ) They also need to be ready to give interviews in English with international journalists.This is ____________ they need an English trainer.
考查表语从句。根据句意可知，此处考查固定句型“This is why...”，意为“这就是……的原因。”
why　
4．(人教选必二U2)At first, Xie Lei had no idea what she should say, but ____________ surprised her was that she found herself speaking up in class after just a few weeks.
考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语，意为“……的事情”，应用what。
what　
5．(2025·南京三校最后一卷)China has previously said its lunar base will likely be powered by nuclear energy, and will include a lander, hopper, orbiter and rover, all of which would be constructed by the Chang'e 6, 7 and 8 missions. ____________ the entire base will be built with lunar soil wasn't immediately clear in the interview.
考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导主语从句，且句子不缺少成分；结合句意可知，此处缺少“是否”的含义，应用Whether引导。
Whether　
6．(北师大必修三U7)If the audience stands up and applauds at the end of a performance, it is regarded as a sign ____________ they love the performance.
考查同位语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导同位语从句，解释说明 sign的内容，从句意义完整，不缺少成分，应用that。
that　
7．(2025·浙江R6联盟4月阶段测试)For instance, my grandma always reminded me to be patient and listen to others. Over time, I realized just ____________ absolutely correct she was.
考查宾语从句。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，空处引导宾语从句，同时修饰形容词correct，表感叹，应用how引导。
how　
8．(外研必修一U2)At the information desk at the entrance, I asked a lady ____________ the shoe section was.
考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，意为“……的地方”，应用 where。
where　
9．(2024·浙江卷1月)If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities, that's ____________ they'll promote.
考查表语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导表语从句，在从句中作promote的宾语。
what　
10．(人教必修三U4)However, while such disasters brought much sadness and disappointment, the desire to explore the universe did not die. This is ____________ people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks.
考查表语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导表语从句，表示原因，应用because。
because　
[技法点拨]
1．两个技巧搞定名词性从句
(1)分析句子成分：
①从句中不缺任何成分且句子意义完整，应考虑that引导同位语从句、表语从句或宾语从句，此时that没有词义，也不作任何成分；
②从句中不缺任何成分，但句意中缺少“是否”的意思时，则应考虑whether引导各种名词性从句；if引导及物动词后的宾语从句；
③从句中缺少主语、宾语、表语，考虑用连接代词what、who、whom、which、whatever等；
④从句中缺少状语，考虑用连接副词where、when、how、why等。
(2)结合句意和引导词的本义解题：
有些引导词在句中有很鲜明的意义，如whether/if (是否)、whoever (任何人)、whatever (任何事)、because (因为)、why (为什么)等。结合句意和语境，不难解决这类试题。
2．掌握常见的it句型
(1)It be＋形容词＋主语从句；
(2)It be＋过去分词＋that从句；
(3)It be＋名词词组(a pity、a surprise、a good news)＋that从句。
3．牢记that和what的区别
(1)that没有词义，且在从句中不作任何成分；
(2)what在从句中表示“……的(东西等)”(有时可以不译)，在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分。
考法4　状语从句
[试做经典]
1．(2023·新高考全国卷Ⅰ改编)______________________ the two young women were strangers before the meet, they've since become friends.
考查状语从句。分析句子结构及句意可知，空处引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然、尽管”，空处位于句首，单词首字母应大写，应填Although或Though。
Although/Though　
2．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)____________ he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and pointed down the river.
考查状语从句。分析句子结构及句意可知，空处引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时”，ask为非延续性动词，不能用while引导，且句首单词首字母应大写，应填When或As。
When/As　
3．(人教必修一U1)My adviser recommended that I should sign up for advanced literature __________________ I like English and I'm good at it.
考查状语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导原因状语从句，应用because或since或as。
because/since/as　
4．(2025·晋豫名校模拟)________________________ little is known about Wu herself, her recipes have become a source of pride for Chinese cuisine.
考查状语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处应用连词引导从句，结合句意可知，空处引导让步状语从句，且空处位于句首，应用Though或Although或While，意为“尽管，虽然”。
Though/Although/While
5．(2025·浙江R6联盟4月阶段测试)Their advice offers new perspectives on life, relationships and even success, precisely ____________ they've already experienced and navigated many of the struggles we are facing now.
考查原因状语从句。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，空处引导原因状语从句。
because/as　
6．(2025·河北衡水中学一模)The owner, a joyful local, sang folk songs ____________ we sailed through the beautiful scenery. The limestone karsts rose gracefully from the water, creating a dreamy, almost otherworldly backdrop.
考查时间状语从句。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，空处引导时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候”，应用as或when引导。
as/when　
[技法点拨]
1．句意法
(1)while、 when、 as、 since、 before、 after等引导时间状语从句；
(2)because、 since、 as、 now that等引导原因状语从句；
(3)if、 unless、 once等引导条件状语从句；
(4)though、 although、 while等引导让步状语从句；
(5)in case等引导目的或条件状语从句；
(6)where、 when引导地点、时间状语从句；
(7)whatever、 whenever、 however、 whichever、 wherever 等引导让步状语从句。
2．固定句式法
(1)so/such．..that．..
　　　　　　　　如此……以至于……
(2)not．..until．.. 直到……才……
(3)It will/won't be＋一段时间＋before．..
过了多长时间才/没过多长时间就……
(4)It is＋一段时间＋since．..
自从……以来已经多长时间了
(5)whether．..or (not)．..
无论……还是……
课堂新体验
Test 1
(2025·浙江强基联盟联考)The UNESCO on Wednesday inscribed Spring Festival, social practices of the Chinese people in celebration of the traditional new year, on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.
The decision 1.____________(make) during the 19th session of the Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage, taking place in Paraguay from Dec.2 to 7.The committee recognized the festival for its wide array of rituals (仪式) 2.____________ unique cultural elements that engage all of Chinese society.
was made
and　
UNESCO highlighted that the Spring Festival, 3.____________(mark) the start of the traditional Chinese Lunar New Year, involves various social practices, including 4.____________(prayer) for good fortune and family reunions. It also 5.____________(feature) activities planned by elders and festive public events organized by communities.
marking　
prayers　
features　
According to UNESCO's documentation, the knowledge and customs 6.____________(associate) with the Spring Festival are passed 7.____________ informally within families and communities, as well as formally through the education system.
associated　
down　
China's vice minister of Culture and Tourism, Rao Quan，8.____________ led the Chinese delegation at the UNESCO session, expressed gratitude for the 9.____________(recognize). He stressed that the Spring Festival is China's most important traditional holiday, symbolizing the Chinese people's hopes for 10.____________ better life, strong ties to family and country, and the values of harmony between humans and nature.
who　
recognition　
a
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。联合国教科文组织将春节列入人类非物质文化遗产名录，强调其丰富的文化元素和社会实践，体现了中国人民对家庭、自然和谐及美好生活的向往。
1．was made　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据语境可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时；主语The decision与make之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；主语The decision为单数，be动词应用was。
2．and　考查连词。分析句子结构并根据语境可知，“wide array of rituals”和“unique cultural elements”是并列关系，应用and连接。
3．marking　考查非谓语动词。the Spring Festival与mark之间是主动关系，应用现在分词作后置定语。
4．prayers　考查名词复数。including是介词，后接名词作宾语。prayer在此处意为“祈祷”，为可数名词，应用复数形式。
5．features　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。 此处描述一般事实，应用一般现在时；It作主语，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。
6．associated　考查非谓语动词。be associated with意为“与……相关”，为固定搭配，空处应用过去分词作后置定语。
7．down　考查固定短语。pass down是固定短语，意为“传承、传递”。
8．who　考查定语从句。 分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Rao Quan，指人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。
9．recognition　考查名词。空前有定冠词the修饰，空处应用名词形式，recognition意为“认可、承认”，为不可数名词。
10．a　考查冠词。此处表示“一种更美好的生活”，表示泛指，应用不定冠词；better的发音以辅音音素开头，应用a。
Test 2
(2025·山东齐鲁名校第五次联考)Shandong Yellow River Delta National Nature Reserve, 1.____________(found) in 1992, focuses on protecting the ecosystem in the Yellow River Estuary (河口), 2.____________(particular) the rare and endangered birds that live there. The reserve covers an area of 153，000 hectares 3.____________ it is the largest, most complete and youngest wetland nature reserve in the warm temperature zone of China.
founded　
particularly　
and　
Over the past 30 years, 4.____________ number of bird species in the reserve has doubled, increasing from 187 to the current 373 species. The migratory bird habitat at the Yellow River Estuary in Dongying 5.____________(list) as a World Natural Heritage site last July during the 46th session of UNESCO's World Heritage Committee in New Delhi.
the　
was listed
The Yellow River Estuary is a crucial site for migratory birds in the East Asian Australasian Flyway, 6.____________(earn) the nickname of “international airport for birds” from global experts. It is home to 26 species of birds under national first class protection and 65 species under national second-class protection. Researchers were excited 7.____________(discover) rare bird species such as the Mute Swan and the Black faced Spoonbill living and breeding (繁殖) in the reserve this year.
earning　
to discover　
Li Xingjie, a researcher 8.____________ has been engaged in the study of the Yellow River Delta National Nature Reserve, said that the Yellow River Estuary is one of the six most beautiful 9.________________(wetland) in China. It serves as a successful model for 10.____________(environment) and ecological conservation.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了黄河三角洲国家级自然保护区。
who/that　
wetlands　
environmental　
1．founded　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处为非谓语。主语与动词found之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作定语。
2．particularly　考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处应用副词particularly表示突出或强调。
3．and　考查连词。分析句子结构并根据句意可知，“The reserve covers...”与“it is...”为并列关系，应用and连接。
4．the　考查冠词。根据谓语动词has doubled可知，主语为单数意义。the number of意为“……的数量”，为固定搭配。
5．was listed　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语last July可知，动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时；主语The migratory bird habitat与list之间为被动关系，应用被动语态；主语是第三人称单数，be动词应用第三人称单数形式。
6．earning　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处为非谓语动词，根据句意可知，此处表示自然而然的结果，应用现在分词形式。
7．to discover　考查非谓语动词。sb.＋be＋excited＋to do sth.是固定句型，意为“做某事使某人兴奋”。
8．who/that　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句；先行词researcher指人，在从句中作主语，应用who或that引导。
9．wetlands　考查名词复数。one of＋the＋形容词最高级＋名词复数，意为“……之一”，为固定用法。
10．environmental　考查形容词。空后有and连接，空处与ecological并列，共同修饰名词conservation，应用形容词形式。