高考英语二轮复习专题一阅读理解第三讲主旨大意题——辨主干细加工课件
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| 名称 | 高考英语二轮复习专题一阅读理解第三讲主旨大意题——辨主干细加工课件 |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2026-03-10 00:00:00 | ||
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(共51张PPT)
第三讲 主旨大意题——
辨主干细加工
一、题型特点需了解
[题型分析]
主旨大意题旨在考查考生归纳概括以及辨别主要信息和次要信息的能力，是阅读理解中的高难度题。概括全文大意最简单的方法就是把每段的大意串起来考虑。该类题主要考查标题归纳题、文章大意题和段落大意题。常见的设问方式有：
1．The best title of the passage is ________．
2．Which of the following is the best title for the text
3．The passage is mainly about ________．
4．What is the passage mainly about
5．What is the main idea of the second paragraph
6．What is the first/second/．..paragraph mainly about
[选项特征]
1．正确选项特征
涵盖性强 覆盖全文或全段主要内容。常含有抽象名词或概括性词语，一般不出现细节信息
精确性强 所使用的概括性语言不会改变意思表达的程度及色彩。不含过分肯定或绝对意义的词
范围恰当 范围既不太大，也不太小
2.干扰选项特征
以偏概全 概括的范围过于狭窄，只阐述了文章的一部分内容、某些局部信息或文章主题的某一个方面
断章取义 以文章中的个别信息或个别字眼作为选项的内容，或者以次要的事实或细节替代全文的主要观点
移花接木 命题者有意把属于A的特征放在B上
主题扩大 归纳、概括的范围过大，超过文章实际所讨论的内容
似是而非 题目中的关键词好像在文章中提到了，但认真分析后发现它与文章的内容毫无联系
二、方法技巧要知晓
题型一 标题归纳题
该类题目要求考生在理解文章的基础上，结合文章的体裁和结构，从所给的选项中选出适合文章的标题。注意标题的特点：精准性、概括性和新颖性。
[典例1] (2025·新高考全国卷Ⅱ阅读C)When Sonja Detrinidad opened her online shop selling houseplants, she didn't have high hopes for it. But the opposite happened: She was flooded, shipping out 1，200 orders in June of 2020 alone. In the past year, Detrinidad sent out more than 70，000 plants. Her success is just one example of increased time at home leading to an explosion in the houseplant industry.
“Plants are in fashion right now，” says Dr. Melinda Knuth, a researcher from the University of Florida.“People who live in plant -rich environments report a higher life satisfaction rating，” she says. “Adding more nature to our environment can change our mood and how we think.” Plants can improve our state of mind in a few ways but the biggest is by decreasing our level of cortisol, the stress hormone (激素) in our body.
“Students who are around plants perform better academically than students who are in a classroom without plants，” says Knuth. “This productivity also translates into the workplace for adults. Our study showed that there was a 30% decrease in sick leave for people who were in plant- rich workplaces.”
If you're among the groups of people who are enjoying the mental and physical health benefits of surrounding yourself with plants, don't beat yourself up if one (or a few！) doesn't make it.“Doctors practice medicine and lawyers practice law and you should allow yourself the practice it takes to sustain a plant. Tending to plants is an exercise in patience and learning. Be invested in taking care of it, but if it dies, go get another one，” Detrinidad says.
31．What can be a suitable title for the text
A.Time to Replace Houseplants
B.Plants Boost Your Mood
C.Tips on Choosing Houseplants
D.Plants Brighten Your Home
√
[解析] 第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词a suitable title for the text。
第二步：根据关键词，定位到原文第一段的主题句“Her success is just one example...in the houseplant industry.”可知，该句总结了索尼娅·德特里尼达在线销售室内植物的成功案例，并指出这一现象反映了2020年期间人们居家时间的增加导致室内植物行业的繁荣；定位到原文第
二、第三段的主题句“Plants can improve our state of mind...in our body.”和“‘Students who are around plants perform．..without plants，’ says Knuth.”可知，克努特的研究说明植物能改善心情、提高效率；定位到原文第四段的主题句“If you're among the groups of people...doesn't make it.”可知，该句直接给出建议，鼓励人们尝试养植物。全文核心围绕“植物对情绪和健康的积极影响”展开。
第三步：比对选项得出答案。
技法点拨：
题型二 文章大意题
文章大意题考查考生深层理解文章以及在速读中准确定位文章主旨大意的能力。文章中的每一段都是围绕某一主题展开的，把每个段落的主题句综合起来就可以概括出全文的中心思想。
[典例2] (2025·北京卷阅读D)
The call to “know yourself” has been there since ancient times, but our sense of self doesn't always match what others perceive. Considering the stories we tell about ourselves can help us to change our minds for better.
For many years, psychologists saw identity as a combination of someone's values, beliefs, goals and social roles. Then, in the 1980s, Bob Johnson created the life story model of identity, in which he proposes that, as we go through life, these core features are built in with our memories to create a personal story through which we understand our lives.
Our life story is something that starts coming together in our teenage years, when we begin to organise our lives into chapters around key events or life changes, and begin to see ourselves as both the central character and, to a varying extent, the story's author. People with more consistent stories tend to have a stronger sense of identity, and they feel their life has more meaning, direction and sense of purpose. Such people show greater overall life satisfaction, too.
Johnson has also investigated the link between well -being and certain story themes. He discovered that whether someone describes having had some control over events in their past is an important predictor of a person's mental health. Another key theme involves finding some kind of positive meaning after stressful events. “People could talk about gaining knowledge or personal growth，” says Johnson. His research shows that this is often missing for people with mental health conditions. The good news is that there is evidence we can learn to change our own story.
Lisa Green, another researcher, sounds a few notes of caution (谨慎). For instance, hearing about the power of redemptive (拯救性的) stories, many people may feel forced to find a positive angle on horrible events. She says that Western culture already pushes people to look for the silver lining behind every cloud.
If you want to turn over a new leaf, though, one top tip is that it helps to choose a significant date that signals the start of a new “chapter”. Contrary to popular doubt, resolutions made on 1 January are more effective for this reason. So, whether your goal is saving money or getting fit, there is no better time to become the author of our own destiny (命运).
34．What is the passage mainly about
A.How self -identity works.
B.How story- tellers are made.
C.How personal stories raise doubts.
D.How timing affects personal identity.
√
[解析] 第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词the passage mainly about。
第二步：根据关键词，定位到原文第一段(文章主题段)、第二段第二句、第三段第一句、第四段第一句、第五段第一句以及第六段第三句(段落主题句)可知，全文围绕“个人生活故事如何构建自我认知并影响幸福感”展开，分析了其形成、作用及相关研究。
第三步：比对选项得出答案。
技法点拨：
题型三 段落大意题
段落大意题主要考查考生用准确的、简练的语言把一个段落的主要意思明确而完整地表达出来的能力。考生在做题时要特别注意“首尾兼顾”，即所问段落的首句和尾句。一是因为它们往往体现主旨要义，二是因为利用这些信息可以迅速提炼段落结构框架，在框架下的主旨判断，其准确性更高。
[典例3] (2025·新高考全国卷Ⅱ阅读D片段)
It should be noted that none of the items on wastED's menu was technically made from garbage. Instead, all the ingredients (配料) used were examples of meat cuts and produce that most restaurants would never consider serving. Things like kale ribs, fish collars, rejected sweet potatoes, and cucumber butts were all re appropriated and, with the help of a number of good chefs, turned into excellent cuisine.
34．What is paragraph 5 mainly about
A.Why the ingredients were used.
B.Which dishes were best liked.
C.What the dishes were made of.
D.Where the ingredients were bought.
√
[解析] 第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词paragraph 5 mainly about。
第二步：根据关键词，定位到原文可知，本段没有主题句，本段主要介绍了wastED菜单上的菜品所用的配料，如羽衣甘蓝茎、鱼颈肉、被剔除的红薯和黄瓜蒂等，所以本段主要讲的是这些菜肴是由什么做成的。
第三步：比对选项得出答案。
技法点拨：
课堂新体验
A
(2025·嘉兴二模)The 18th century German philosopher Immanuel Kant lived very firmly in a world of time. He was so strict about routine that his fellow citizens of K nigsberg could set their watches by his afternoon walk. However, in his philosophical work, Kant was doubtful about time. He believed time is created by the human mind. Out there beyond our minds, there is no time. It's simply a “category” of our minds that helps us to perceive objects and order our experience.
体裁 主题语境 难度
议论文 时间主观性理论 ★★★★☆
The flexibility of our time perception supports Kant's doubt. We all know time is not a fixed phenomenon but seems to pass at different speeds in different situations. For example, it seems to go slowly when we travel to unfamiliar places, or when we are bored or in pain. It seems to speed up when we're absorbed, such as when we play music or paint.
Our perception of time can change in a dramatic way. Perhaps, at least once in your life, you've had what is called a“Time Expansion Experience (TEE)”， when seconds have stretched out into minutes. TEEs happen most frequently in accidents where perception becomes more intense than normal and thus people notice more details.
In accident situations, people are often surprised by the amount of time they have to think and act. In fact, many people are convinced that time expansion spared them from their serious injury, or even death. For example, a woman who reported a TEE in which she avoided a metal barrier falling on to her car said, “For me the slowing down of the moment allowed me to decide how to escape the falling metal on us.”
All of this suggests that Kant was right. Perhaps the reason why time is variable is because it doesn't really exist—at least, outside our minds. There is no objective time out there in the universe. What we experience as time is filtered through our minds, and so varies according to our state of mind.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了康德的时间主观性理论及人类时间感知的弹性现象。
1．Which of the following would Immanuel Kant approve of
A.Time is a basic quality of the world.
B．Time is a record of human experience.
C．Time is a situation measured by daily routine.
D．Time is a mental concept generated by humans.
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“He believed time is created...order our experience.”可知，康德会认可“时间是人类产生的一种精神概念”这一观点。
√
2．What is the main idea of paragraph 2
A．Time progresses at a constant speed.
B.Full attention affects people's sense of time.
C.Time perception varies depending on context.
D.People feel time slows down on special occasions.
段落大意题。根据第二段中的“The flexibility of...in different situations.”可知，第二段主要介绍了时间感知因情境而异。
√
3．What do people think of TEEs in accidents
A．Inspiring. B．Beneficial.
C．Temporary. D．Painful.
推理判断题。根据第四段中的“In accident situations...their serious injury, or even death.”可推知，人们认为在事故中的时间膨胀体验是有益的。
√
4．What can be a suitable title for the passage
A．The Secret of Time: A State of Mind
B．Time Expansion: Real or Imaginary
C．Time Perception: A Philosophical Exploration
D．The Clockwork of the Mind: How to Measure Time
√
标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其根据最后一段中的“What we experience...our state of mind.”可知，文章开篇介绍康德认为时间是由人类思维创造的，接着通过讲述时间感知的灵活性以及时间膨胀体验等内容，说明了时间是因我们的精神状态而变化的。因此，A项最适合作为文章标题。
B
(2025·湖北七市联考)Our culture is addicted to collective goal setting and the idea that forming new habits during specific times of the year will lead to successful outcomes. But it turns out there's no real evidence that it is the case.
体裁 主题语境 难度
说明文 培养新习惯 ★★★★☆
In fact, research suggests that only two people in ten stick with their New Year's resolutions long term. “I am aware of no research showing that starting fresh in January or October or any other month makes you more likely to stick with a new behaviour，” says Wendy Wood, a behavioural psychologist at the University of Southern California.
The reality is that, when it comes to establishing new habits, there really is an ideal time to do it—but it might not be when you think. Wood calls such ideal moments “turning points”—such as an upcoming high school reunion causing you to want to lose a few pounds, or over- drafting (透支) your bank account and realizing it is time to improve your career. He says such moments tend to provide lasting feelings of motivation because they are rooted in something meaningful and more in- depth than just going along with everyone else.
Regardless of what promotes your motivation, Wood says it is critical to take action as soon as you feel the desire because you may only have a short window of opportunity to make decisions about what you want to do before your old habits get in the way. For instance, write out a daily schedule that includes time for your new habit and post it where you'll see it each morning. You might also join a gym while your motivation is high to lock yourself into a monthly payment that will keep you motivated to use the membership even after your interest in getting in shape begins to cool.
Another strategy for successful habit formation is breaking down bigger goals into smaller, more specific ones. So instead of saying “I'm going to lose 10 pounds a month”， set a goal to limit your daily calorie intake and get to the gym for 30 minutes a day.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了培养新习惯的理想时机及有效方法。
5．What is Wood's attitude toward making New Year's resolutions
A．Doubtful. B．Approving.
C．Casual. D．Objective.
观点态度题。根据第二段中的“I am aware of no research showing that...stick with a new behaviour”可推知，伍德对制定新年计划持怀疑态度。
√
6．Which of the following examples can be called a “turning point”？
A.Falling ill from heavy work.
B．Fulfilling a long held dream.
C．Exercising on a regular basis.
D．Receiving New Year's wishes.
推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Wood calls such ideal moments...improve your career.”可推知，“因繁重的工作而生病”这种情况可能会促使人们改变生活方式等，可被称为 “转折点”。
√
7．What plays a leading role in reaching one's goal according to Wood
A．Motivation. B．Determination.
C．Opportunity. D．Action.
细节理解题。根据第四段中的“it is critical to take action...get in the way”可知，根据伍德的说法，在实现目标的过程中，采取行动起着主导作用。
√
8．What is this passage mainly about
A．Strategies for setting a collective goal.
B．Procedures for finding a turning point.
C．Approaches to developing a new habit.
D．Methods of making a New Year's wish.
主旨大意题。借助文章主题段和段落主题句归纳。根据文章主题段(第一段)和段落主题句(最后一段中的“Another strategy...more specific ones.”)可知，本文主要介绍了培养新习惯的理想时机及有效方法。
√
第三讲 主旨大意题——
辨主干细加工
一、题型特点需了解
[题型分析]
主旨大意题旨在考查考生归纳概括以及辨别主要信息和次要信息的能力，是阅读理解中的高难度题。概括全文大意最简单的方法就是把每段的大意串起来考虑。该类题主要考查标题归纳题、文章大意题和段落大意题。常见的设问方式有：
1．The best title of the passage is ________．
2．Which of the following is the best title for the text
3．The passage is mainly about ________．
4．What is the passage mainly about
5．What is the main idea of the second paragraph
6．What is the first/second/．..paragraph mainly about
[选项特征]
1．正确选项特征
涵盖性强 覆盖全文或全段主要内容。常含有抽象名词或概括性词语，一般不出现细节信息
精确性强 所使用的概括性语言不会改变意思表达的程度及色彩。不含过分肯定或绝对意义的词
范围恰当 范围既不太大，也不太小
2.干扰选项特征
以偏概全 概括的范围过于狭窄，只阐述了文章的一部分内容、某些局部信息或文章主题的某一个方面
断章取义 以文章中的个别信息或个别字眼作为选项的内容，或者以次要的事实或细节替代全文的主要观点
移花接木 命题者有意把属于A的特征放在B上
主题扩大 归纳、概括的范围过大，超过文章实际所讨论的内容
似是而非 题目中的关键词好像在文章中提到了，但认真分析后发现它与文章的内容毫无联系
二、方法技巧要知晓
题型一 标题归纳题
该类题目要求考生在理解文章的基础上，结合文章的体裁和结构，从所给的选项中选出适合文章的标题。注意标题的特点：精准性、概括性和新颖性。
[典例1] (2025·新高考全国卷Ⅱ阅读C)When Sonja Detrinidad opened her online shop selling houseplants, she didn't have high hopes for it. But the opposite happened: She was flooded, shipping out 1，200 orders in June of 2020 alone. In the past year, Detrinidad sent out more than 70，000 plants. Her success is just one example of increased time at home leading to an explosion in the houseplant industry.
“Plants are in fashion right now，” says Dr. Melinda Knuth, a researcher from the University of Florida.“People who live in plant -rich environments report a higher life satisfaction rating，” she says. “Adding more nature to our environment can change our mood and how we think.” Plants can improve our state of mind in a few ways but the biggest is by decreasing our level of cortisol, the stress hormone (激素) in our body.
“Students who are around plants perform better academically than students who are in a classroom without plants，” says Knuth. “This productivity also translates into the workplace for adults. Our study showed that there was a 30% decrease in sick leave for people who were in plant- rich workplaces.”
If you're among the groups of people who are enjoying the mental and physical health benefits of surrounding yourself with plants, don't beat yourself up if one (or a few！) doesn't make it.“Doctors practice medicine and lawyers practice law and you should allow yourself the practice it takes to sustain a plant. Tending to plants is an exercise in patience and learning. Be invested in taking care of it, but if it dies, go get another one，” Detrinidad says.
31．What can be a suitable title for the text
A.Time to Replace Houseplants
B.Plants Boost Your Mood
C.Tips on Choosing Houseplants
D.Plants Brighten Your Home
√
[解析] 第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词a suitable title for the text。
第二步：根据关键词，定位到原文第一段的主题句“Her success is just one example...in the houseplant industry.”可知，该句总结了索尼娅·德特里尼达在线销售室内植物的成功案例，并指出这一现象反映了2020年期间人们居家时间的增加导致室内植物行业的繁荣；定位到原文第
二、第三段的主题句“Plants can improve our state of mind...in our body.”和“‘Students who are around plants perform．..without plants，’ says Knuth.”可知，克努特的研究说明植物能改善心情、提高效率；定位到原文第四段的主题句“If you're among the groups of people...doesn't make it.”可知，该句直接给出建议，鼓励人们尝试养植物。全文核心围绕“植物对情绪和健康的积极影响”展开。
第三步：比对选项得出答案。
技法点拨：
题型二 文章大意题
文章大意题考查考生深层理解文章以及在速读中准确定位文章主旨大意的能力。文章中的每一段都是围绕某一主题展开的，把每个段落的主题句综合起来就可以概括出全文的中心思想。
[典例2] (2025·北京卷阅读D)
The call to “know yourself” has been there since ancient times, but our sense of self doesn't always match what others perceive. Considering the stories we tell about ourselves can help us to change our minds for better.
For many years, psychologists saw identity as a combination of someone's values, beliefs, goals and social roles. Then, in the 1980s, Bob Johnson created the life story model of identity, in which he proposes that, as we go through life, these core features are built in with our memories to create a personal story through which we understand our lives.
Our life story is something that starts coming together in our teenage years, when we begin to organise our lives into chapters around key events or life changes, and begin to see ourselves as both the central character and, to a varying extent, the story's author. People with more consistent stories tend to have a stronger sense of identity, and they feel their life has more meaning, direction and sense of purpose. Such people show greater overall life satisfaction, too.
Johnson has also investigated the link between well -being and certain story themes. He discovered that whether someone describes having had some control over events in their past is an important predictor of a person's mental health. Another key theme involves finding some kind of positive meaning after stressful events. “People could talk about gaining knowledge or personal growth，” says Johnson. His research shows that this is often missing for people with mental health conditions. The good news is that there is evidence we can learn to change our own story.
Lisa Green, another researcher, sounds a few notes of caution (谨慎). For instance, hearing about the power of redemptive (拯救性的) stories, many people may feel forced to find a positive angle on horrible events. She says that Western culture already pushes people to look for the silver lining behind every cloud.
If you want to turn over a new leaf, though, one top tip is that it helps to choose a significant date that signals the start of a new “chapter”. Contrary to popular doubt, resolutions made on 1 January are more effective for this reason. So, whether your goal is saving money or getting fit, there is no better time to become the author of our own destiny (命运).
34．What is the passage mainly about
A.How self -identity works.
B.How story- tellers are made.
C.How personal stories raise doubts.
D.How timing affects personal identity.
√
[解析] 第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词the passage mainly about。
第二步：根据关键词，定位到原文第一段(文章主题段)、第二段第二句、第三段第一句、第四段第一句、第五段第一句以及第六段第三句(段落主题句)可知，全文围绕“个人生活故事如何构建自我认知并影响幸福感”展开，分析了其形成、作用及相关研究。
第三步：比对选项得出答案。
技法点拨：
题型三 段落大意题
段落大意题主要考查考生用准确的、简练的语言把一个段落的主要意思明确而完整地表达出来的能力。考生在做题时要特别注意“首尾兼顾”，即所问段落的首句和尾句。一是因为它们往往体现主旨要义，二是因为利用这些信息可以迅速提炼段落结构框架，在框架下的主旨判断，其准确性更高。
[典例3] (2025·新高考全国卷Ⅱ阅读D片段)
It should be noted that none of the items on wastED's menu was technically made from garbage. Instead, all the ingredients (配料) used were examples of meat cuts and produce that most restaurants would never consider serving. Things like kale ribs, fish collars, rejected sweet potatoes, and cucumber butts were all re appropriated and, with the help of a number of good chefs, turned into excellent cuisine.
34．What is paragraph 5 mainly about
A.Why the ingredients were used.
B.Which dishes were best liked.
C.What the dishes were made of.
D.Where the ingredients were bought.
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[解析] 第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词paragraph 5 mainly about。
第二步：根据关键词，定位到原文可知，本段没有主题句，本段主要介绍了wastED菜单上的菜品所用的配料，如羽衣甘蓝茎、鱼颈肉、被剔除的红薯和黄瓜蒂等，所以本段主要讲的是这些菜肴是由什么做成的。
第三步：比对选项得出答案。
技法点拨：
课堂新体验
A
(2025·嘉兴二模)The 18th century German philosopher Immanuel Kant lived very firmly in a world of time. He was so strict about routine that his fellow citizens of K nigsberg could set their watches by his afternoon walk. However, in his philosophical work, Kant was doubtful about time. He believed time is created by the human mind. Out there beyond our minds, there is no time. It's simply a “category” of our minds that helps us to perceive objects and order our experience.
体裁 主题语境 难度
议论文 时间主观性理论 ★★★★☆
The flexibility of our time perception supports Kant's doubt. We all know time is not a fixed phenomenon but seems to pass at different speeds in different situations. For example, it seems to go slowly when we travel to unfamiliar places, or when we are bored or in pain. It seems to speed up when we're absorbed, such as when we play music or paint.
Our perception of time can change in a dramatic way. Perhaps, at least once in your life, you've had what is called a“Time Expansion Experience (TEE)”， when seconds have stretched out into minutes. TEEs happen most frequently in accidents where perception becomes more intense than normal and thus people notice more details.
In accident situations, people are often surprised by the amount of time they have to think and act. In fact, many people are convinced that time expansion spared them from their serious injury, or even death. For example, a woman who reported a TEE in which she avoided a metal barrier falling on to her car said, “For me the slowing down of the moment allowed me to decide how to escape the falling metal on us.”
All of this suggests that Kant was right. Perhaps the reason why time is variable is because it doesn't really exist—at least, outside our minds. There is no objective time out there in the universe. What we experience as time is filtered through our minds, and so varies according to our state of mind.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了康德的时间主观性理论及人类时间感知的弹性现象。
1．Which of the following would Immanuel Kant approve of
A.Time is a basic quality of the world.
B．Time is a record of human experience.
C．Time is a situation measured by daily routine.
D．Time is a mental concept generated by humans.
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“He believed time is created...order our experience.”可知，康德会认可“时间是人类产生的一种精神概念”这一观点。
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2．What is the main idea of paragraph 2
A．Time progresses at a constant speed.
B.Full attention affects people's sense of time.
C.Time perception varies depending on context.
D.People feel time slows down on special occasions.
段落大意题。根据第二段中的“The flexibility of...in different situations.”可知，第二段主要介绍了时间感知因情境而异。
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3．What do people think of TEEs in accidents
A．Inspiring. B．Beneficial.
C．Temporary. D．Painful.
推理判断题。根据第四段中的“In accident situations...their serious injury, or even death.”可推知，人们认为在事故中的时间膨胀体验是有益的。
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4．What can be a suitable title for the passage
A．The Secret of Time: A State of Mind
B．Time Expansion: Real or Imaginary
C．Time Perception: A Philosophical Exploration
D．The Clockwork of the Mind: How to Measure Time
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标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其根据最后一段中的“What we experience...our state of mind.”可知，文章开篇介绍康德认为时间是由人类思维创造的，接着通过讲述时间感知的灵活性以及时间膨胀体验等内容，说明了时间是因我们的精神状态而变化的。因此，A项最适合作为文章标题。
B
(2025·湖北七市联考)Our culture is addicted to collective goal setting and the idea that forming new habits during specific times of the year will lead to successful outcomes. But it turns out there's no real evidence that it is the case.
体裁 主题语境 难度
说明文 培养新习惯 ★★★★☆
In fact, research suggests that only two people in ten stick with their New Year's resolutions long term. “I am aware of no research showing that starting fresh in January or October or any other month makes you more likely to stick with a new behaviour，” says Wendy Wood, a behavioural psychologist at the University of Southern California.
The reality is that, when it comes to establishing new habits, there really is an ideal time to do it—but it might not be when you think. Wood calls such ideal moments “turning points”—such as an upcoming high school reunion causing you to want to lose a few pounds, or over- drafting (透支) your bank account and realizing it is time to improve your career. He says such moments tend to provide lasting feelings of motivation because they are rooted in something meaningful and more in- depth than just going along with everyone else.
Regardless of what promotes your motivation, Wood says it is critical to take action as soon as you feel the desire because you may only have a short window of opportunity to make decisions about what you want to do before your old habits get in the way. For instance, write out a daily schedule that includes time for your new habit and post it where you'll see it each morning. You might also join a gym while your motivation is high to lock yourself into a monthly payment that will keep you motivated to use the membership even after your interest in getting in shape begins to cool.
Another strategy for successful habit formation is breaking down bigger goals into smaller, more specific ones. So instead of saying “I'm going to lose 10 pounds a month”， set a goal to limit your daily calorie intake and get to the gym for 30 minutes a day.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了培养新习惯的理想时机及有效方法。
5．What is Wood's attitude toward making New Year's resolutions
A．Doubtful. B．Approving.
C．Casual. D．Objective.
观点态度题。根据第二段中的“I am aware of no research showing that...stick with a new behaviour”可推知，伍德对制定新年计划持怀疑态度。
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6．Which of the following examples can be called a “turning point”？
A.Falling ill from heavy work.
B．Fulfilling a long held dream.
C．Exercising on a regular basis.
D．Receiving New Year's wishes.
推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Wood calls such ideal moments...improve your career.”可推知，“因繁重的工作而生病”这种情况可能会促使人们改变生活方式等，可被称为 “转折点”。
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7．What plays a leading role in reaching one's goal according to Wood
A．Motivation. B．Determination.
C．Opportunity. D．Action.
细节理解题。根据第四段中的“it is critical to take action...get in the way”可知，根据伍德的说法，在实现目标的过程中，采取行动起着主导作用。
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8．What is this passage mainly about
A．Strategies for setting a collective goal.
B．Procedures for finding a turning point.
C．Approaches to developing a new habit.
D．Methods of making a New Year's wish.
主旨大意题。借助文章主题段和段落主题句归纳。根据文章主题段(第一段)和段落主题句(最后一段中的“Another strategy...more specific ones.”)可知，本文主要介绍了培养新习惯的理想时机及有效方法。
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