2026高考英语 重难点专项突破练习卷12 阅读理解C、D篇 导学案（含解析）

2026高考英语·重难点专项突破练习卷12
阅读理解
核【核心知识·深度解读】
阅读理解C/D篇通常是科技类或社科类说明文，文章结构严谨，逻辑性强。近三年真题显示，主旨大意题和作者观点题的高频出题点集中在首段、尾段以及文中的转折词之后。掌握这些位置的阅读策略，能快速准确锁定答案。
1. 首段功能： 引出话题，提出中心论点。通常在首段末句出现主旨句。常见模式：现象描述 → 提出问题 → 给出观点。
2. 尾段功能： 总结全文，重申观点，或提出展望。尾段首句或末句往往是对全文的概括。
3. 转折词定位： 转折词如 but, however, yet, nevertheless, while, although, in fact, actually 等后面的内容通常是作者真正想要强调的观点，也是主旨题和观点题的答案所在。
4. 科技/社科类文章常见结构：
● 问题解决型：提出问题 → 分析原因 → 解决方案 → 意义展望
● 现象解释型：呈现现象 → 给出解释 → 评价解释
● 对比型：介绍传统观点 → 提出新发现/新观点 → 论证新观点
5. 真题示例（2025·新高考Ⅰ卷C篇）： 首段提出“Many people believe that AI will replace human jobs. However, a new study suggests otherwise.” 这里的 However 后即为文章主旨。尾段再次总结“The future lies in human-AI collaboration.” 主旨题答案即为 Human-AI collaboration is the key.
位置 功能 常见信号词
首段首句 引入话题 When it comes to, Recently, For years
首段末句 提出主旨 therefore, thus, in fact, actually, but
文中转折 强调真正观点 but, however, yet, nevertheless, while, although
尾段首句 总结/重申 In conclusion, To sum up, Overall, Therefore
尾段末句 展望/建议 It is time to, We should, The future lies in
专项突破·阅读理解C/D篇主旨80题
Passage 1
[1] For decades, scientists have assumed that memory formation is a gradual process, requiring repeated exposure to information. However, a groundbreaking study from MIT challenges this long-held belief.
[2] The research team, led by Dr. Sarah Johnson, conducted experiments on mice using advanced imaging techniques. They discovered that a single, intense experience can create a lasting memory if it triggers a specific chemical reaction in the brain. This reaction, involving the protein CaMKII, acts as a "memory switch."
[3] "We found that when the protein is activated at a high enough level, it can consolidate a memory instantly," explains Dr. Johnson. "This goes against the traditional view that repetition is essential." The findings suggest that the brain has a built-in mechanism for "one-trial learning," which may have evolutionary advantages—helping animals remember a single dangerous encounter.
[4] Critics point out that the study was conducted on mice, and human brains are far more complex. Nevertheless, the research opens up new possibilities for treating memory disorders. If scientists can learn to control this "memory switch," it could lead to therapies for conditions like PTSD, where a single traumatic event creates an overwhelming memory. Conversely, it might help those with Alzheimer's strengthen fading memories.
[5] Dr. Johnson's team is now planning clinical trials on humans. "This is just the beginning," she says. "We are excited about the potential to revolutionize how we understand and treat memory." The future of memory science, it seems, may be about quality over quantity.
1. What is the main idea of the passage
A. Memory formation requires repeated exposure to information.
B. A single intense experience can create a lasting memory.
C. Mice and humans have similar memory mechanisms.
D. The protein CaMKII is the only factor in memory consolidation.
2. The word "consolidate" in paragraph 3 most probably means ______.
A. weaken B. strengthen C. forget D. change
3. According to the passage, the traditional view of memory formation is that ______.
A. it is a quick process B. it requires repetition C. it is controlled by CaMKII D. it is the same in all animals
4. Dr. Johnson's study suggests that the "memory switch" is activated by ______.
A. repeated exposure B. a chemical reaction C. traumatic events D. advanced imaging
5. What is the potential application of the research mentioned in paragraph 4
A. Improving imaging techniques B. Treating memory disorders C. Proving mice are like humans D. Developing new drugs for pain
6. The phrase "one-trial learning" in paragraph 3 refers to ______.
A. learning through repetition B. learning from a single event C. learning from mistakes D. learning in a laboratory
7. Why do critics question the study's applicability to humans
A. Because human brains are more complex. B. Because the study used too few mice.
C. Because the results were not consistent. D. Because the protein doesn't exist in humans.
8. The author's attitude towards the future of memory science is ______.
A. skeptical B. optimistic C. indifferent D. critical
9. The word "traumatic" in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to ______.
A. pleasant B. shocking C. ordinary D. beneficial
10. What can be inferred about the traditional view from the passage
A. It has been completely disproven. B. It may need to be revised.
C. It applies only to mice. D. It is still widely accepted.
11. The word "conversely" in paragraph 4 introduces ______.
A. a similar idea B. an opposite idea C. an example D. a conclusion
12. According to Dr. Johnson, what is the significance of their study
A. It proves mice are intelligent. B. It challenges traditional beliefs.
C. It confirms existing theories. D. It has no practical use.
13. The passage is most likely taken from ______.
A. a science fiction novel B. a popular science magazine C. a medical textbook D. a newspaper advertisement
14. What does "this" in paragraph 5 refer to
A. The clinical trial B. The beginning of the research C. The potential of memory science D. The study on mice
15. The main purpose of paragraph 4 is to ______.
A. criticize the study B. discuss limitations and applications C. describe the experiment D. introduce a new topic
16. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A. The study proves that repetition is unnecessary.
B. The research has already been tested on humans.
C. The protein CaMKII is key to instant memory formation.
D. Critics fully support the study's conclusions.
17. The tone of the passage is ______.
A. humorous B. objective C. emotional D. persuasive
18. Why does the author mention Alzheimer's in paragraph 4
A. To provide an example of a memory disorder. B. To criticize the study's limitations.
C. To compare with PTSD. D. To show that Alzheimer's is incurable.
19. The word "revolutionize" in paragraph 5 most probably means ______.
A. completely change B. slightly adjust C. slowly develop D. carefully examine
20. What is the best title for the passage
A. The Role of Protein in Memory B. One-Trial Learning: A New Discovery
C. Mice and Human Brains D. The Future of Medicine
1.____ 2.____ 3.____ 4.____ 5.____ 6.____ 7.____ 8.____ 9.____ 10.____ 11.____ 12.____ 13.____ 14.____ 15.____ 16.____ 17.____ 18.____ 19.____ 20.____
Passage 2
[1] In recent years, the concept of "digital minimalism" has gained traction among tech users. The idea is simple: reduce screen time and focus on meaningful activities. But is this just a passing trend, or does it reflect a deeper shift in how we relate to technology
[2] A recent survey by the Pew Research Center reveals that 65% of American adults have tried to limit their social media use. The reasons vary: some cite mental health concerns, while others feel that online platforms are a waste of time. Interestingly, younger generations—Gen Z and millennials—are leading this movement.
[3] However, experts warn that simply cutting back on screen time may not be enough. Dr. Mark Williams, a sociologist at Stanford University, argues that the problem is not technology itself, but how we use it. "We need to cultivate digital literacy," he says. "Instead of blaming the tool, we should learn to use it mindfully."
[4] This perspective shifts the focus from quantity to quality. It's not about how many hours we spend online, but what we do during those hours. For instance, using social media to connect with loved ones or learn new skills can be beneficial, while mindless scrolling is harmful.
[5] Some companies are already responding to this shift. Tech giants like Apple and Google have introduced screen time tracking features, and new apps promoting focused work are emerging. Yet, Dr. Williams cautions that these tools are only part of the solution. "Ultimately, it's about personal responsibility," he says.
[6] The movement towards digital minimalism reflects a broader societal awakening. As we become more aware of technology's impact, we are learning to take control. The goal is not to abandon technology, but to integrate it into our lives in a way that enhances well-being.
21. What is the main idea of the passage
A. Digital minimalism is a temporary trend. B. We should use technology mindfully, not just less.
C. Social media is harmful to mental health. D. Young people are addicted to technology.
22. The word "traction" in paragraph 1 most probably means ______.
A. resistance B. popularity C. decline D. confusion
23. According to the Pew survey, what percentage of adults have tried to limit social media use
A. 50% B. 55% C. 65% D. 75%
24. Who is leading the digital minimalism movement
A. Older generations B. Tech companies C. Younger generations D. Sociologists
25. Dr. Williams' view in paragraph 3 is that ______.
A. we should stop using technology B. the problem is how we use technology C. technology itself is harmful D. cutting screen time is enough
26. The word "mindfully" in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ______.
A. carefully and intentionally B. quickly and carelessly C. excitedly and eagerly D. sadly and regretfully
27. What does paragraph 4 suggest about online activities
A. All online activities are harmful. B. The quality of online time matters more than quantity.
C. Only learning activities are beneficial. D. Mindless scrolling is acceptable in small doses.
28. How have tech companies responded to the trend
A. They have ignored it. B. They have introduced tracking features.
C. They have shut down social media. D. They have criticized the movement.
29. According to Dr. Williams, what is the ultimate solution
A. Government regulation B. Personal responsibility C. Better apps D. Abandoning smartphones
30. The word "integrate" in paragraph 6 most probably means ______.
A. separate B. combine C. remove D. ignore
31. The author's attitude towards digital minimalism is ______.
A. supportive B. critical C. neutral D. indifferent
32. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a reason for limiting social media
A. Mental health concerns B. Waste of time C. Pressure from family D. Desire for more meaningful activities
33. The phrase "this shift" in paragraph 5 refers to ______.
A. the decrease in screen time B. the focus on quality over quantity C. the rise of new apps D. the criticism of technology
34. What can be inferred from paragraph 6
A. Society is becoming more aware of technology's impact.
B. People are abandoning technology completely.
C. Technology has no positive effects.
D. The movement is losing momentum.
35. The passage suggests that digital minimalism is ______.
A. about using technology wisely B. about giving up all technology
C. a government-led initiative D. a temporary fad
36. The word "cultivate" in paragraph 3 most probably means ______.
A. destroy B. develop C. ignore D. question
37. According to the passage, which group is most likely to try digital minimalism
A. Baby boomers B. Gen Z and millennials C. Tech executives D. Sociologists
38. The main purpose of the passage is to ______.
A. criticize technology companies B. promote mindful technology use
C. report survey results D. compare different generations
39. What does "screen time tracking features" in paragraph 5 refer to
A. Apps that block websites B. Tools that monitor phone usage
C. Games that require screens D. Features that improve screen quality
40. Which of the following best summarizes the author's conclusion
A. Technology is harmful and should be avoided.
B. We should use technology to enhance well-being.
C. Screen time limits are the only solution.
D. Young people need more guidance.
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Passage 3
[1] Climate change is often discussed in terms of rising temperatures and extreme weather. However, a less visible but equally alarming consequence is ocean acidification. As the ocean absorbs more carbon dioxide, its chemistry changes, with devastating effects on marine life.
[2] Since the Industrial Revolution, the ocean has absorbed about 30% of the CO2 released by human activities. This has led to a 30% increase in ocean acidity. For organisms like corals, shellfish, and plankton, this is catastrophic. Their calcium carbonate shells dissolve in acidic water.
[3] "We are seeing the effects already," says marine biologist Dr. Elena Torres. "In some regions, oyster larvae are struggling to form shells. This threatens the entire seafood industry." But the impact goes beyond individual species. Coral reefs, which support a quarter of all marine life, are bleaching and dying.
[4] Some argue that the solution lies in technology—for example, adding alkaline substances to the ocean to neutralize acid. However, Dr. Torres warns that such geoengineering approaches are risky and unproven. "The only real solution is to reduce CO2 emissions at the source," she insists.
[5] International efforts like the Paris Agreement aim to limit global warming, but current pledges are insufficient. Without immediate action, ocean acidification will accelerate, disrupting food chains and economies. The window to act is closing.
[6] Yet, there is hope. Public awareness is growing, and some countries are implementing stricter emissions policies. Individuals can also help by reducing their carbon footprint. As Dr. Torres puts it, "Every ton of CO2 avoided is a victory for the ocean."
41. What is the main topic of the passage
A. The benefits of ocean acidification B. The causes and consequences of ocean acidification
C. Technological solutions to climate change D. The role of the Paris Agreement
42. The word "catastrophic" in paragraph 2 most probably means ______.
A. beneficial B. disastrous C. minor D. gradual
43. According to the passage, how much CO2 has the ocean absorbed since the Industrial Revolution
A. 10% B. 20% C. 30% D. 40%
44. What happens to marine organisms in acidic water
A. They grow faster. B. Their shells dissolve. C. They reproduce more. D. They become stronger.
45. Dr. Torres' view on geoengineering is that ______.
A. it is the best solution B. it is risky and unproven C. it should be tried immediately D. it has already succeeded
46. The phrase "at the source" in paragraph 4 refers to ______.
A. in the ocean B. where CO2 is emitted C. in laboratories D. at power plants
47. What does paragraph 5 suggest about current efforts
A. They are sufficient. B. They are not enough. C. They are too strict. D. They are working well.
48. The word "accelerate" in paragraph 5 most probably means ______.
A. slow down B. speed up C. stop D. reverse
49. According to the passage, coral reefs are important because they ______.
A. provide food for humans B. support a quarter of marine life C. absorb CO2 D. prevent storms
50. What is Dr. Torres' attitude towards the future
A. Completely hopeless B. Cautiously optimistic C. Indifferent D. Angry
51. Which of the following is mentioned as an individual action
A. Adding chemicals to the ocean B. Reducing carbon footprint C. Ignoring the problem D. Moving to coastal areas
52. The word "bleaching" in paragraph 3 refers to ______.
A. turning white B. growing larger C. moving away D. reproducing
53. What is the main purpose of paragraph 6
A. To discourage readers B. To offer hope and solutions C. To criticize governments D. To describe a problem
54. The author's tone in the passage is ______.
A. humorous B. urgent C. sarcastic D. light-hearted
55. The phrase "window to act" in paragraph 5 suggests that ______.
A. there is plenty of time B. time is running out C. action is unnecessary D. the problem is solved
56. According to the passage, which industry is directly threatened by ocean acidification
A. Tourism B. Seafood C. Oil D. Fashion
57. The word "pledges" in paragraph 5 most probably means ______.
A. promises B. doubts C. criticisms D. ideas
58. What does Dr. Torres mean by "Every ton of CO2 avoided is a victory for the ocean"
A. Small actions matter. B. Only big changes count. C. The ocean is beyond saving. D. CO2 is not a problem.
59. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A. Ocean acidification has no effect on humans. B. Geoengineering is a proven solution.
C. Oyster larvae are affected by acidity. D. The Paris Agreement has solved climate change.
60. What is the best title for the passage
A. The Hidden Crisis: Ocean Acidification B. How to Save Coral Reefs
C. The Paris Agreement Explained D. Climate Change and Weather
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Passage 4
[1] For centuries, humans have relied on intuition to make decisions. From choosing a career to selecting a life partner, we often trust our gut feelings. But is intuition always reliable Recent research in behavioral psychology suggests that while intuition can be useful, it is often biased and leads to errors.
[2] A series of experiments conducted by Dr. Emily Carter at Yale University revealed that people's intuitive judgments are heavily influenced by recent experiences and emotions. For example, after watching a sad movie, participants were more likely to predict negative outcomes in hypothetical scenarios. This phenomenon, known as "affective forecasting," shows how emotions cloud our intuition.
[3] However, Dr. Carter emphasizes that intuition is not always harmful. In situations where we have extensive expertise, such as a chess master making a quick move, intuition can be remarkably accurate. The key, she says, is to know when to trust it and when to question it.
[4] The implications of this research are far-reaching. In fields like medicine and law, where decisions have life-or-death consequences, relying solely on intuition can be dangerous. Dr. Carter advocates for a balanced approach: combine intuitive judgments with analytical thinking.
[5] Some critics argue that the research oversimplifies the complexity of human decision-making. They point out that intuition is shaped by culture, upbringing, and personal values, which are difficult to measure in a lab. Nevertheless, the findings challenge the romanticized view of intuition as an infallible guide.
[6] So, the next time you make a snap decision, pause and ask yourself: Is my intuition based on expertise, or is it a product of my mood By becoming more aware of our biases, we can make wiser choices. After all, as Dr. Carter puts it, "Intuition is a tool, not a master."
61. What is the main idea of the passage
A. Intuition is always reliable. B. Intuition can be useful but is often biased.
C. Emotions have no effect on decision-making. D. Experts should never use intuition.
62. The word "intuition" in paragraph 1 most probably means ______.
A. logical reasoning B. gut feeling C. careful analysis D. scientific method
63. According to Dr. Carter's experiments, what influences intuitive judgments
A. Education level B. Recent experiences and emotions C. Genetic factors D. Social status
64. The term "affective forecasting" in paragraph 2 refers to ______.
A. predicting the weather B. predicting future emotions C. predicting outcomes based on emotions D. predicting stock market trends
65. In which situations can intuition be accurate according to paragraph 3
A. When making quick decisions B. When we have extensive expertise C. When we are emotional D. When we are in a good mood
66. What does Dr. Carter suggest in paragraph 4
A. Rely only on intuition. B. Combine intuition with analytical thinking.
C. Ignore intuition completely. D. Use intuition only in medicine.
67. The word "infallible" in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to ______.
A. always wrong B. always right C. sometimes useful D. completely useless
68. What is the critics' argument in paragraph 5
A. The research is too complex. B. Intuition cannot be easily measured in a lab.
C. Intuition is always reliable. D. The research has no practical value.
69. The author's purpose in paragraph 6 is to ______.
A. offer practical advice B. summarize the research C. criticize intuition D. introduce a new study
70. What does Dr. Carter mean by "Intuition is a tool, not a master"
A. We should use intuition to control others. B. We should use intuition wisely, not be controlled by it.
C. Intuition is more important than logic. D. Intuition should be abandoned.
71. According to the passage, which profession might be most affected by biased intuition
A. Artist B. Doctor C. Athlete D. Musician
72. The word "snap" in paragraph 6 most probably means ______.
A. quick B. careful C. slow D. loud
73. What can be inferred from paragraph 2 about emotional states
A. They have no effect on judgment. B. They can distort our predictions.
C. They always lead to positive outcomes. D. They are easy to control.
74. Why does the author mention chess masters in paragraph 3
A. To show that intuition can be accurate with expertise. B. To prove that chess is a simple game.
C. To argue that intuition is useless. D. To compare chess with medicine.
75. The author's tone in the passage is ______.
A. humorous B. academic C. emotional D. sarcastic
76. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A. Intuition is never reliable. B. Emotions have no influence on intuition.
C. Expertise can make intuition more accurate. D. The research has been widely accepted.
77. The phrase "romanticized view" in paragraph 5 suggests that some people ______.
A. think intuition is perfect B. criticize intuition C. ignore intuition D. study intuition scientifically
78. What is the main purpose of the passage
A. To discredit intuition completely. B. To encourage a balanced view of intuition.
C. To promote analytical thinking only. D. To describe experiments in detail.
79. The word "bias" in paragraph 6 most probably means ______.
A. prejudice B. advantage C. strength D. clarity
80. What is the best title for the passage
A. The Power of Intuition B. When to Trust Your Gut: The Science of Intuition
C. Emotions and Decision-Making D. A New Study on Brain
61.____ 62.____ 63.____ 64.____ 65.____ 66.____ 67.____ 68.____ 69.____ 70.____ 71.____ 72.____ 73.____ 74.____ 75.____ 76.____ 77.____ 78.____ 79.____ 80.____
参考答案与解析
1. B —— 主旨题。首段末句“However...”引出主旨：单次强烈体验可形成持久记忆。
2. B —— 词义猜测。根据语境，记忆被“巩固”即加强。
3. B —— 细节题。首段首句“requiring repeated exposure”即传统观点。
4. B —— 细节题。第二段“triggers a specific chemical reaction”。
5. B —— 细节题。第四段“opens up new possibilities for treating memory disorders”。
6. B —— 词义猜测。根据上下文，指从单次事件中学习。
7. A —— 细节题。第四段“human brains are far more complex”。
8. B —— 态度题。末段“excited about the potential”表示乐观。
9. B —— 词义猜测。与PTSD相关，应为“创伤性的”。
10. B —— 推断题。新研究挑战传统观点，暗示传统观点可能需要修正。
11. B —— 逻辑题。Conversely表示对比相反。
12. B —— 细节题。第三段“goes against the traditional view”。
13. B —— 来源题。文章介绍科学研究，语言通俗，适合科普杂志。
14. C —— 指代题。this指前句“potential to revolutionize...”。
15. B —— 段落目的题。第四段先提批评，再谈应用，即讨论局限和应用。
16. C —— 细节题。第二段明确CaMKII是“memory switch”。
17. B —— 语气题。全文客观报道研究，无主观情感。
18. A —— 细节题。提到Alzheimer's作为记忆障碍的例子。
19. A —— 词义猜测。彻底改变。
20. B —— 标题题。全文围绕“one-trial learning”这一新发现。
21. B —— 主旨题。第三段转折后提出真正观点：要 mindful use。
22. B —— 词义猜测。gained traction 意为流行。
23. C —— 细节题。第二段明确65%。
24. C —— 细节题。第二段末“younger generations are leading”。
25. B —— 细节题。第三段“the problem is not technology itself, but how we use it”。
26. A —— 词义猜测。 mindful 意为谨慎、有意地。
27. B —— 细节题。第四段强调质量而非数量。
28. B —— 细节题。第五段提到引入跟踪功能。
29. B —— 细节题。第五段末“personal responsibility”。
30. B —— 词义猜测。integrate 意为整合。
31. A —— 态度题。全文支持 mindful use。
32. C —— 细节题。第二段提到 mental health, waste of time, 但未提家庭压力。
33. B —— 指代题。this shift 指前段的质量重于数量。
34. A —— 推断题。末段提到 societal awakening。
35. A —— 细节题。全文强调 wisely use。
36. B —— 词义猜测。cultivate 培养。
37. B —— 细节题。第二段明确。
38. B —— 主旨题。全文倡导 mindful use。
39. B —— 词义猜测。监控使用时间的工具。
40. B —— 主旨题。末句点明 enhance well-being。
41. B —— 主旨题。首段转折后引出海洋酸化及其影响。
42. B —— 词义猜测。灾难性的。
43. C —— 细节题。第二段“30% of the CO2”。
44. B —— 细节题。第二段末“shells dissolve”。
45. B —— 细节题。第四段“risky and unproven”。
46. B —— 词义猜测。源头即排放地。
47. B —— 细节题。“current pledges are insufficient”。
48. B —— 词义猜测。加速。
49. B —— 细节题。第三段“support a quarter of all marine life”。
50. B —— 态度题。末段提到 hope，谨慎乐观。
51. B —— 细节题。末段“reducing their carbon footprint”。
52. A —— 词义猜测。珊瑚白化。
53. B —— 段落目的题。末段提供希望和行动建议。
54. B —— 语气题。紧迫感。
55. B —— 推断题。时间窗口正在关闭。
56. B —— 细节题。第三段“threatens the entire seafood industry”。
57. A —— 词义猜测。承诺。
58. A —— 推断题。强调个人行动也重要。
59. C —— 细节题。第三段明确 oyster larvae 受影响。
60. A —— 标题题。强调隐藏的危机。
61. B —— 主旨题。首段末句提出 intuition 常有偏差，后文论证。
62. B —— 词义猜测。直觉。
63. B —— 细节题。第二段“influenced by recent experiences and emotions”。
64. C —— 细节题。基于情感预测结果。
65. B —— 细节题。第三段“extensive expertise”。
66. B —— 细节题。第四段“combine intuitive judgments with analytical thinking”。
67. B —— 词义猜测。一贯正确。
68. B —— 细节题。第五段“difficult to measure in a lab”。
69. A —— 段落目的题。末段提供建议。
70. B —— 推断题。不要被直觉控制。
71. B —— 推断题。医生需要做重大决策，受直觉影响大。
72. A —— 词义猜测。快速的。
73. B —— 推断题。情感会扭曲预测。
74. A —— 细节题。举例说明 expertise 下直觉准确。
75. B —— 语气题。学术性。
76. C —— 细节题。第三段明确。
77. A —— 词义猜测。浪漫化观点即认为完美。
78. B —— 主旨题。倡导平衡观点。
79. A —— 词义猜测。偏见。
80. B —— 标题题。概括全文内容。
一线教学提示： 引导学生先读首尾段，找出主旨句；再关注文中转折词（but, however等），这些后面往往是作者真正观点。训练学生快速定位主旨，避免被细节干扰。每篇完成后，可让学生用一句话概括全文大意，强化主旨意识。
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