选择性必修三 Unit 2 words and expressions词汇讲解

(共41张PPT)
选择性必修三
Unit 2 Healthy Lifestyle
Vocabulary
1．dominate vt. &vi. 支配；控制；占有优势
(1)be dominated by sb. 由某人所控制、支配
dominate the news成为最重要的新闻
dominate the city俯视全城
dominate the match/war在比赛/战争中占上风
(2)domination n. 控制；影响
(3)dominating adj. 主要的；独裁的；有影响力的
dominating figure主要人物； 强势人物
dominating factor主导因素
(4)dominatingly adv. 有领导作风地； 独裁地
完成句子
(1)He tended to ________________ .
他往往左右着交谈的内容。
(2)She always says a lot in meetings, but she _____________ .
她在会上总是滔滔不绝，但她的话没什么影响。
(3)Mr Smith is boss of the company, but it ________________
his wife.
公司老板是史密斯，但公司却被他老婆控制着。
(4)The big tree ________________ .
这棵大树俯视全村。
(5)The birds soon ________________ .
鸟类很快就在战斗中占了上风。
dominate the conversation
doesn’t dominate
is dominated by
dominates the village
dominated the fight
2．repeatedly adv. 重复地
repeat v. 重复说(或写)；重复做；重播(节目)
repeated adj. 重复的
repeatability n. 重复性；再现性
repetition n. 重复
1. Harvard took the lead and remained calm by the repeated challenges.
2. He could also have cut out much of the repetition and thus saved many pages.
3. I’m sorry—could you repeat that
4. He struck at me repeatedly with a stick.
5. The two biggest problems are repeatability and speed.
6. We are what we repeatedly do.
用repeat的适当形式填空
(1)The boy has committed the same mistake ____________ and
should be punished.
(2)The students asked the teacher ________ what he had said
in class.
(3)The boss’s ________ warnings made many of my friends
unhappy.
(4)The major advantage with this machine is ___________ and
punctuality.
(5)No historical phenomenon is a mere ________ of the past.
repeatedly
to repeat
repeated
repeatability
repetition
3．pessimistic adj. 悲观的；悲观主义的
(1)be pessimistic about…对……很悲观
pessimistic view of life悲观的人生观
(2)pessimistically adv. 悲观地
(3)pessimism n. 悲观；悲观主义者
(4)pessimist n. 悲观主义
(5)optimistic adj. 乐观的
optimistically adv. 乐观地
optimism n. 乐观主义
optimist n. 乐观主义者
单句语法填空
(1)All the families are pessimistic ________ their life in the future.
(2)Although they live in poverty, they are not ________ (pessimistic) at all.
(3)She has lost her job and is living quite _______________ (pessimist) all day long.
(4)Mike doesn’t think well of the society and he is a man of ________ (pessimist).
about
pessimists
pessimistically
pessimism
4．lead to 导致，引起；通向
lead to中的to是介词，后可接名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语
lead sb. to someplace带领某人到某地
lead sb. to do sth. 使某人做某事
lead a…life过着……的生活
lead sb. into someplace把某人领进某地
lead the way引路；带路
完成句子
(1)It was a child who ________ the foreigner ________ the village.
是一位小孩把这个外国人领进了这个村子。
(2)This road ________________ the town.
这条路通往镇上。
(3)This experience ________ Li Ming ________________ much harder than before.
这段经历使得李明更加努力地学习了。
(4)All the old people in our village ________________ .
我们村所有的老人都过着幸福的生活。
led
to
leads to
led
to work
lead a happy life
5．in response to 回答；答复
(1)in response to响应；回答；对……有反应
(2)respond to 响应；回应(在句中作谓语)
完成句子
(1)You’ll have to ______________(回复) your friend’s email at your convenience.
(2)They fired the clerk ________________(回应) the public demand.
respond to
in response to
6．rely on 依赖；依靠；信赖
(1)rely on/upon sb. /sth. 依赖、指望某人/某物
rely on sb. to do sth. 指望某人做某事
rely on one’s doing sth. 指望某人做某事
rely on it that… 相信……；指望……
(2)depend on/upon依赖；依靠
count on/upon依赖；依靠
As some of these actors could not sing well enough，they had to rely on other musicians to help them.
The success of this project relies on everyone making an effort.
单句语法填空
(1)You can rely ________ nobody but yourself on your life journey.
(2)Our success relies totally on ________ (devote) our personal efforts.
(3)You may rely on ________ that they will turn up to help you in time.
(4)You can’t always rely on others ________ (give) you the answer.
on/upon
devoting
it
to give
7．disturb vt. 打扰；搅乱；使烦恼
disturb sb. 妨碍某人
disturb sth. 把某物弄乱
完成句子
(1)The news ________________ a lot.
(2)Take care! Don’t ___________________ on the desk.
(3)She awoke early after a ________________ .
(4)If you get up early, try not ____________________ else.
disturbed her
disturb the papers
disturbed night
to disturb everyone
8．consultant n. 顾问；高级顾问医师
consult v. 咨询， 请教；商议，商量；查阅
consult with sb. 与某人协商
consult sb. about/on sth. 就某事与某人协商/咨询
consult a dictionary 查阅词典
1. Now you had better consult with a physician.
2. Have you consulted your lawyer about/on this issue
3. If you have any trouble in your work, you can consult this book.
单句语法填空
(1)If you have any trouble, you can consult ________ your friend Tom.
(2)You can consult Mr Wu ________ your health because he is a well-known doctor.
(3)We invite Dr. Li as our ________ (consult) in the next five years.
(4)You can turn to Mr Green for ____________ (consult) if you want to solve this problem.
with
about/on
consultant
consultation
9．take action 采取行动
take action (on) 采取行动
take steps/measures 采取措施
take notes 做记录；记笔记
take a chance 碰碰运气
take breath 歇一歇；喘口气
take risks 冒风险
take advantage (of) 利用；引诱
take aim (at) 瞄准
take charge (of) 负责；接管
take effect 生效；起作用
翻译句子
1. Take careful aim at the target before firing.
2. The new law takes effect from tomorrow.
3. Let’s see how they will take action next.
4. The police had to take firm action to deal with the riots.
5. The government has taken measures to preserve order.
6. Half-way up the mountain we stopped to take breath.
7. They took a risk in driving on, in spite of the storm.
8. I’m going to take advantage of this tour to explore the history of the castle.
10．make up one’s mind 下定决心
make a living谋生
make one’s way前往某处
make sense有意义；行得通
make use of利用
make a face做鬼脸
make a fool of sb. 捉弄某人
make a friend of sb. 和某人搞好关系
make friends with sb. 和某人交朋友
make a mess弄得乱七八糟
make note of sth. 注意；记下来
make excuse找借口
make an attempt企图
make certain/sure弄清楚
make clear讲清楚
make (both)ends meet使收支两抵
make fun of sb. 开某人的玩笑
make (a) difference有关系；有影响
make a display of宣扬
make a deal with达成协议；做成交易
make it按时到达某地；成功；把时间定在(某个时候)
11．be composed of… 由……组成(或构成)的
be composed of ＝be made up of ＝consist of
包含；包括；由……组成
1. This play is composed of three acts.
2. This school is composed of sixty classes.
3. This park is composed of three sections.
4. This organization is composed of seven countries.
12．take up 拿起；继续；占用(时间、空间)；
接受；开始(学、做)
take down拆除；写下
take on呈现；雇用；承担
take over接管；承袭
take off脱掉；起飞；成功；开始流行
1. You’d better take down what the teacher taught in class.
2. He is always ready to take on heavy responsibilities.
3. Our village has taken on a new look.
4. He will take over my job while I am on holiday.
写出下列句子中take up的词义
(1)He took up the telephone receiver and began to dial. _________
(2)I put the telephone down and took up my work again. ________
(3)I won’t take up much of your time．___________
(4)I’d like to take up your offer of a ride into town. ___________
(5)Marx took up English when he was 50．___________
拿起
继续
占用(时间)
接受
开始(学、做)
13．replace vt. 取代；替换；代替；放回原处
replace sb. /sth. with/by…用……替换
be replaced with/by…被……所替代
replace＝take the place of代替；替代
in one’s place＝in place of 代替
(1)The boss of the company has decided to replace the workers ________ robots.
(2)Teachers will never ________ (replace) by computers in the classroom.
(3)The young man will be ________ place of the old headmaster next week.
with/by
be replaced
in
14．pick up 拿起；捡起
pick off摘下
pick on选择；找碴；责备
pick out选好；选出；认出；看清楚
pick up是一个多义词语，它可以表示如下含义：
(1)拾起，拿起；(2)(无意地、偶然地)买到；(3)染上(某种疾病)；(4)(非正规地)学到，学会；(5)(用车)接，送某人；(6)挣(外快、工资)；(7)整理，收拾；(8)继续(讲故事、谈话、友谊等)；(9)逮捕，抓住(某人)；(10)收听(广播)；(11)(身体)恢复，(情绪)好转；(12)加快(速度)。
1. The car soon picked up its speed.
2. She picks up VOA every evening.
3. I’ll pick up my daughter from school.
4. He picked the old book in the second-hand shop.
5. The police picked up the thief in the end.
6. Mr Li picked up Japanese while working in Japan.
7. After a few minutes, the old man picked up his story.
8. She can pick up some extra money in her spare time.
9. What a mess in your room. You should learn to pick it up!
10. He picked up a stone from the ground and ran after the dog.
11. After a period of three months, he picked up his health gradually.
12. He picked up the cold because he was caught in a heavy rain.
单句语法填空
(1)The old man picked ________ English by teaching himself on the radio.
(2)The farmer picked ________ an apple and gave it to his child.
(3)He is always ready to pick ________ his colleagues, so he is not in good terms with them.
(4)This photo was taken when I left middle school. Can you pick ________ who I was
(5)Many students of English enjoy picking ________ VOA and BBC．
(6)This picture was taken a long time ago. I wonder if you can pick ________ my father.
up
off
on
out
up
out
15．in control of 掌控；控制
take/gain/get control of 控制；支配；管理
get/bring/keep sth. under control 控制某事/ 某物
have control of/over 对……有控制权/ 有组织能力
lose control of 对……失去控制；无法控制住……
beyond one’s control 某人无法掌握/ 无法控制
out of control 不受控制；失去控制
under control 受支配；受控制
in/under the control of 受……的控制/ 管理/ 支配
1. The heavy box stressed her out.
2. I try not to stress out when things go wrong.
3. Before the examination, many students felt stressed out.
4. The truth is that I stress out my husband and my children.
5. When he returned home from work, Mr Li felt stressed out every day.
relieve/reduce stress 缓解压力
suffer from/deal with stress 承受/ 应对压力
lay/put/place stress on/upon 强调；着重于
stress the importance of 强调……的重要性
16．stressed out 焦虑不安；心力交瘁
单句语法填空
（1）I try not ______________（焦虑不安） when things go wrong.
（2）Driving in cities really _____________________（让我疲惫不堪）.
（3）The teacher ______________________（强调）the importance of
not leaving out any important details while retelling the story.
（4）One of the most effective ways to _________________（减轻压力）
is to talk about feelings with someone you trust.
（5）People ______________a lot of stress may experience headaches.
（6）Moving to a new house is a very __________（stress）experience.
（7）When feeling __________（stress），most people tend to breathe
short breaths.
to stress out
stresses me out
laid/ put/placed stress on
relieve/reduce stress
under 　
stressful
stressed
17．worn out 筋疲力尽的；疲惫的
(1)wear sb. out使某人疲倦、困乏
wear sth. out磨损某物
(2)be worn out疲倦的；困乏的；磨损的；破烂的
完成句子
(1)The housework ________________ every day.
(2)The mother always complains that children ________ their shoes very quickly.
(3)I never expected the shoes ________________ so soon.
wears her out
wear out
to be worn out
18．absorb vt. 吸引全部注意力；吸收
(1)absorb sth. 吸收某物
absorb/attract/draw one’s attention 吸引某人的注意
(2)be absorbed into… 被……吸收；被并入……
be absorbed in sth. 专心致志于某物
(1)The second suggested that people ____________________
_____________with their meals.
(2)Our town has ________________ that city.
(3)I _________________ this book that I didn’t see you come in.
absorbed this virus into
their bodies
been absorbed into
was so absorbed in
19．as…as possible 尽可能地……
as much/many as possible尽可能多地
as early as possible尽早地
as fast as possible尽快地
完成句子
(1)You must practise your spoken English ________________ (尽可能多地).
(2)You must try to run ________________ (尽可能快地) to catch the thief.
as much as possible
as fast as possible
20．take your mind off sth. 使不想某事
make up one’s mind决心
have sth. /sb in mind记住；考虑到；想到
bear/keep sth. in mind记住
change one’s mind 改变主意
apply one’s mind to sth. 专心于
come to one’s mind忽然想起
keep one’s mind on sth. 专注于某事；关心某事
be/go out of one’s mind 心智失常；发疯
I’ll never change my mind. 我永远不会改变主意
21．abuse n. 滥用；虐待；辱骂 vt. 滥用；虐待
abuse one's power 滥用某人的权利
alcohol/drug abuse 酗酒/嗜毒
scream/shout abuse 高声谩骂/大声辱骂
child abuse 虐待儿童
social abuse 社会弊端
①He was given a medal as a reward ____his service.
②His effort was reward _____ remarkable success. 4
③The old man gave the little boy a reward ___ a reward for his hop. ____ reward, the boy gave him a hug.
as a reward for 作为(对某事的)报酬/奖赏
give/offer a reward to sb. for sth. 因为某事而给某人报酬
in reward of 为酬谢……；作为对……的奖励
in reward=in return 作为回报/报答
reward sb.for sth. 为某事而以……报答某人
22．reward n. 回报；奖励；报酬 vt. 奖励；奖赏
In
for
with
as
(1)examine sb. in/on...测验某人......
(2)examination n.审查;调查;考查;考察;(仔细的)检查，检验
physical examination体检
23．examine vt.(仔细)检查；审查；测验
examinations
examined
examination
24．straight away 立即；马上
(1)straight off/out 毫不犹豫;直率
straight up (询问或强调所说的话的真实性)真的，确实
2)表示“立刻，马上”的词组at once; right now; right away
up
off
①She asked him straight _____ what he thought about it all.
②So for me, I would straight ____ tell them.
25．compose vt.&vi.组成；作曲；撰写
(1)be composed of=be made up of=consist of 由......组成
(2)composer n.作曲家
(3)composition n.作品;作曲;作文
composition
composer
composed
The _________ once created a famous film, which was _________ of
three parts. His _________ helped him won a lot of prizes.(compose)
26．monthly adv. 每月adj. 每月一次的 n. 月刊
1. Most of these people are paid monthly.
2. He can save money every month, which he owes to his monthly budget.
3. This magazine is a monthly, whose highlight is her favorite.
n. + -ly → adj.
lovely 可爱的 timely 及时的 motherly 母亲般的
brotherly 兄弟般的 daily 每天的 weekly 每周的
monthly 每月的 yearly 每年的
27．refresh vt. 使恢复精力；使凉爽；刷新
refreshing adj. 使人凉爽的；令人耳目一新的
refreshed adj.（人）精力充沛的；感到凉爽的
单句语法填空
（1）He found a swim very _______________（refresh） on a hot day.
He felt ______________（refresh） after that.
（2）If you are tired，a good night’s sleep ___________（refresh） you.
（3）Many view these meetings as an occasion____________（refresh）
friendship.
（4）If the link doesn’t work，________________（尝试刷新） the page.
（5）______________________（……令人耳目一新） to see a woman
who is so unconcerned with her appearance.
refreshing
refreshed
will refresh
to refresh
try refreshing
It’s refreshing