《学霸笔记 同步精讲》Unit3 Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language（课件）高中英语人教版选择性必修3

(共51张PPT)
Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language
英 语
2026
Unit 3
内容索引
走近新课 一起感知
语法探究 一起思考
随堂练习
走近新课 一起感知
一、单词英汉互译
1.basin / beIsn/ n.　　　　　　　　　　　
2.reform /rI f m/ vi.& vt.　　　　　　　　
n.　　　　　　　　　　　
3.harmonious /h m ni s/ adj.　　　　　　　
4.moderate / m d r t/ adj. 　　　　　　　　　　　　
流域;盆地;盆　
改革;(使)改正;改造
改革;变革;改良　
和谐的　
适度的;中等的;温和的
缓和;使适中　
[词汇新知]
/ m d reIt/vi.& vt.　　　　　　　　　　
5.　　　　　　 /s b mIt/ vt.& vi.提交;呈递;屈服
6.　　　　　　 / keI s/ n.混乱;杂乱;紊乱
7.　　　　　　　 / nju kli (r)/ adj.原子能的;核能的;原子核的
8.　　　　　　　 / sens tIv/ adj.敏感的;善解人意的;灵敏的
submit　
chaos　
nuclear　
sensitive
二、短语英汉互译
1.in search of 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.　　　　　　　　　　　　 导致;引起
3.　　　　　　　　　　　　 灭绝;消失
4.on behalf of 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
寻找　
bring about/lead to　
die out　
代表(代替)某人
阅读下列句子,注意黑体部分的用法
1.“I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary,”said Anne.
→Anne said that she didn’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary.
2.“Does a friend always have to be a person ”the writer asks us.
→The writer asks us if a friend always has to be a person.
3.“What do you call your diary ” Anne’s sister asked her.
→Anne’s sister asked her what she called her diary.
[语法感知]
4.“Why did you go to bed so late last night ” Father asked Anne.
→Father asked Anne why she had gone to bed so late the night before.
5.The teacher said to the students, “Water freezes when the temperature falls below 0℃.”
→The teacher told the students that water freezes when the temperature falls below 0℃.
6.“What did Edison do to help the doctor operate on his mother ” the teacher asked us.
→The teacher asked us what Edison had done to help the doctor operate on his mother.
7.He said to Ann,“Tell me your problem.”
→He told Ann to tell him her problem.
8.“Don’t work in bed,Tom,” she said.
→She told Tom not to work in bed.
①在直接引语变为间接引语的过程中,从句的主语常常按照一定的规律做适当改变,从句的　　　　　　　　　　往往也有一定改变,如句1;但陈述
　　　　　　　　　　时时态不变,如句5。
②直接引语是一般疑问句或附加疑问句,变为间接引语时,常将它变成由
　　　　　　或　　　　引导的宾语从句,其主句动词常用　　　　　,如句2。
③直接引语为特殊疑问句,变为间接引语时,将它变成由原来的
　　　　　　　　　　　　引导的宾语从句,如句3、4、6。
时态
客观事实
whether　
if　
ask　
特殊疑问词
④语序变化:直接引语如果是疑问句,变为间接引语时,要把疑问语序变为　　　　　　　　　,如句2、3、4、6。
⑤如果直接引语为祈使句,变为间接引语时,通常采用“动词+宾语+不定式”结构。常见的引述动词有tell,order,ask,warn等,如句7。如果转述的祈使句为否定式,则在　　　　　　前加not,如句8。
陈述语序
to
语法探究 一起思考
词汇讲解
1.According to the report submitted by researchers,between 20 and 25 percent of all annual carbon dioxide emissions are caused by the destruction of tropical forests.(Page 28)
根据研究者提交的报告,每年20%到25%的二氧化碳排放是由破坏热带雨林造成的。
★submit vt.提交;呈递
Completed projects must be submitted by 10 March.
完成的方案必须在3月10日前提交上来。
You can submit your application to me tomorrow.
明天你可以把你的申请书呈递给我。
【合作探究】
读一读·细观察　
阅读下面句子,写出句中黑体词的词性和含义
He submitted himself to a search by the guard.
词性 动词　含义 屈服
说一说·勤归纳　
【即学即用】
翻译句子
①She refused to submit to threats.
②He submitted the report to the committee.
答案:面对威胁,她拒不低头。
答案:他向委员会提交了报告。
2.I’m doing a project on behalf of my school about global warming.(Page 29)
我正在代表学校做一项关于全球变暖的课题研究。
★on behalf of 代表(代替)某人
I’ve been chosen to attend the national competition on behalf of our school.
我已经被选中代表我们学校参加全国竞赛。
【合作探究】
记一记·长知识　
①on behalf of=on one’s behalf
②表示“代表”含义时,还可以用represent。
【即学即用】
句型转换
①My husband couldn’t be here tonight,but I want to thank you on behalf of him.
→My husband couldn’t be here tonight,but I want to thank you 　　　　　　　　　.
②He was chosen on behalf of the company at the conference.
→He was chosen to 　　　　　　　　the company at the conference.
on his behalf
represent
3.Why is nuclear power a sensitive topic (Page 29)
为什么核能是一个敏感话题
★sensitive adj.敏感的
She is sensitive to what people think of her.
她对人们对她的看法很敏感。
She is sensitive about her weight.
她很在乎自己的体重。
【合作探究】
读一读·细观察　
阅读下列句子,写出句中黑体词的词性和含义
①She is a sensitive and caring lady.
词性 形容词
含义 善解人意的
②The electrical currents are so small that sensitive instruments are needed to record them.
词性 形容词 含义 灵敏的
③He’s a mixture of anger and sensitivity.
词性 名词　含义 敏感
说一说·勤归纳　
are sensitive to
am not sensitive about
【即学即用】
完成句子
①我的牙齿对冷的食物敏感。
My teeth 　　　　　　　　　　cold food.
②我不在乎你如何看待我。
I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　how you see me.
语法讲解
知识脉络
语法精讲
直接引语和间接引语
直接引语是一字不改地将别人的话放在引号内。间接引语是用自己的话对别人的话进行转述,不用引号。
一、人称变化的三原则
1.“第一人称随主”原则
如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称修饰,从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。
Mary said,“I want to have a computer of my own.”
玛丽说:“我想有一台我自己的电脑。”(直接引语内为第一人称)
→Mary said that she wanted to have a computer of her own.
玛丽说,她想拥有一台自己的电脑。(间接引语中随主语改为第三人称)
2.“第二人称随宾”原则
如果从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人称修饰,从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语,也可以用第一人称。
Her colleague said to her,“Who did you ask for a leave ”
她的同事对她说:“你向谁请了假 ”(直接引语中为第二人称)
→Her colleague asked her who she had asked for a leave.
她的同事问她向谁请了假。(间接引语中随宾语改为第三人称)
3.“第三人称不更新”原则
指直接引语变间接引语时,直接引语中出现的第三人称的代词一般不需要变化。
Mr Li said,“Jack is a good worker.”
李先生说:“杰克是一名好工人。”(直接引语为第三人称)
→Mr Li said Jack was a good worker.
李先生说杰克是一名好工人。(改为间接引语后人称不变)
he　
his
【即学即用】
将下列句子改为间接引语
①He said,“I am proud of my motherland.”
→He said that 　　　　　was proud of his motherland.
②Mr Smith said,“My voice is wonderful.”
→Mr Smith said 　　　　　voice was wonderful.
二、时态的变化
直接引语变间接引语时,从句的谓语动词在时态方面要做出相应的变化,具体如下:
一般现在时变为一般过去时;现在进行时变为过去进行时;现在完成时变为过去完成时;一般过去时变为过去完成时;一般将来时变为过去将来时;将来进行时变为过去将来进行时;将来完成时变为过去将来完成时;过去完成时不变。
His friend said to him,“We are planning to have a picnic.”
他的朋友对他说:“我们计划去野餐。”(直接引语为现在进行时)
→His friend told him that they were planning to have a picnic.
他的朋友告诉他说,他们计划去野餐。(间接引语为过去进行时)
The organiser said,“We have begun our plan.”
组织者说:“我们已开始了我们的计划。”(直接引语为现在完成时)
→The organiser said that they had begun their plan.
组织者说,他们已开始了他们的计划。(间接引语为过去完成时)
记一记·长知识　
直接引语变间接引语,时态无变化的情况:
①直接引语是客观真理、谚语和格言;
②直接引语中有具体的过去的某年、某月、某日做状语。
Our teacher said to us yesterday,“Early birds catch worms.”
昨天老师对我们说:“早起的鸟儿有虫吃。”(直接引语是谚语)
→Our teacher told us yesterday that early birds catch worms.
昨天老师告诉我们早起的鸟儿有虫吃。(变成间接引语时态不变)
would give
had　
travels
【即学即用】
将下列句子改为间接引语
①I said,“I will give her some advice tomorrow.”
→I said that I 　　　　　　　　　　her some advice the next day.
②“You have already done your duty,” he said to her.
→He told her that she 　　　　　already done her duty.
③“Light travels much faster than sound,” he said.
→He said that light 　　　　　　　much faster than sound.
三、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语及方向性动词的变化
用词 直接引语 间接引语
指示代词 this 这个 that 那个
these 这些 those 那些
时间状语 now 现在 then 那时
today 今天 that day 那天
this morning 今天上午 that morning 那天上午
tonight 今天晚上 that night 那天晚上
tomorrow 明天 the next/following day 第二天
yesterday 昨天 the day before 前一天
last night 昨天晚上 the night before 前一天晚上
the day before yesterday 前天 two days before 两天前
用词 直接引语 间接引语
时间状语 three days ago 三天前 three days before 三天前
next week 下一周 the next/following week 第二周
ago(至今)以前 before(那时)以前
地点状语 here 这儿 there 那儿
方向性动词 bring 带来 take 带走
come 来 go 去
She asked,“Is this book his ”
她问:“这本书是他的吗 ”(直接引语中用this)
→She asked whether that book was his.
她问那本书是不是他的。(间接引语中改为that)
“I’ll be very busy today,” said the man.
那个人说:“我今天会很忙。”(直接引语中用today)
→The man said he would be very busy that day.
那个人说,那天他会很忙。(间接引语中改为that day)
that morning
the day before
【即学即用】
将下列句子改为间接引语
①They said,“We arrived this morning.”
→They said that they had arrived 　 .
②John said,“I wrote back telling him about it yesterday.”
→John said that he had written back telling him about it 　　　　　　　　.
四、连接词的选择
1.直接引语是陈述句,变为间接引语时,常变成由that引导的宾语从句。在口语中,that可以省略。
He said,“I was cooking when the earthquake happened.”
→He said (that) he was cooking when the earthquake happened.
记一记·长知识　
直接引语是陈述句时,若变为间接引语,主句谓语动词“said to sb”常改为“told sb”。
She said to me,“I came back an hour ago.”
→She told me (that) she had come back an hour before.
2.直接引语是一般疑问句、选择疑问句或附加疑问句时,间接引语中用whether(...or...或...or not)或if引导。
He said,“Are you interested in English ”
→He asked (me) if/whether I was interested in English.
记一记·长知识　
如果主句中谓语动词是said,则将其改为asked。
3.直接引语为特殊疑问句时,间接引语仍用原句中的特殊疑问词来引导,其余的变化遵照直接引语和间接引语之间的转换规则来进行。
“What’s your name ” he asked me.
→He asked me what my name was.
记一记·长知识　
疑问句的直接引语变间接引语时,要把疑问语序变成陈述语序。
【即学即用】
将下列句子改为间接引语
①“Where are you going ” the father asked his son.
→The father asked his son 　　　　　he was going.
②Mother said to her daughter,“Are you satisfied with your new room ”
→Mother asked her daughter 　　　　　　　she was satisfied with her new room.
where　
if/whether
4.祈使句变间接引语
如果直接引语是表示命令、建议或提议、请求、警告或提醒的祈使句,变为间接引语时通常要将祈使句的动词原形变成带to的不定式,并在不定式前根据句意以及说话者当时的语气或态度加上ask,tell,order,suggest,advise,beg,warn,remind,invite,request,command,
encourage等动词。
(1)表示命令的祈使句
引述表示命令的祈使句,变间接引语时常采用ask/tell/order sb to do sth的形式
“Finish the task in ten minutes,”the manager said to the clerk.
→The manager told the clerk to finish the task in ten minutes.
“Keep silent!” said the chairman.
→The chairman ordered to keep silent.
told
to follow
【即学即用】
将下列句子改为间接引语
①“Follow his instructions,” she said to me.
→She 　　　　　me 　　　　　　　　　　　　his instructions.
②The officer said,“Go away.”
→The officer 　　　　　　us 　　　　　　　　away.
ordered
to go
(2)表示建议等的祈使句
当直接引语为表示建议、提议、请求、劝告的祈使句(或表示请求、提议、劝告、建议的疑问句)时,多用“suggest+doing/that从句(suggest后接that从句时,从句使用虚拟语气‘should+动词原形’,should也可以省略)”,及“ask/advise/want/beg+sb+to do”等结构。
Mary said,“Let’s go to the art exhibition this afternoon.”
→Mary suggested our going to the art exhibition that afternoon.
→Mary suggested that we (should) go to the art exhibition that afternoon.
“Please have a rest,” she said to us.
→She asked us to have a rest.
asked
to do　
【即学即用】
将下列句子改为间接引语
①“Do some shopping for me,please,” he said to her.
→He 　　　　　　her 　　　　　　　　some shopping for him.
②Jack said,“Let’s go to the cinema tonight.”
→Jack 　　　　　　　that we 　　　　　　　　　to the cinema that night.
→Jack 　　　　　　　our 　　　　　　to the cinema that night.
suggested
(should)go
suggested
going
(3)表示警告或提醒的祈使句
引述表示警告或提醒的祈使句用remind,warn等词转述。
“Take an umbrella in case of rain,”his mother said to him.
→His mother reminded him to take an umbrella in case of rain.
5.表示请求的一般疑问句变间接引语
若直接引语是“Could/Can/Will/Would...please ”型一般疑问句,变间接引语时常用“ask sb to do sth”结构,且please要去掉。
“Would you buy some bread for me ” he said to her.
→He asked her to buy some bread for him.
“Would you sleep and get up early,children ”Father said.
→Father asked the children to sleep and get up early.
asked
asked
【即学即用】
将下列句子改为间接引语
①“Can you lend me two yuan ” he asked me.
→He 　　　　　me 　　　　　　　　　　　　him two yuan.
②Mike asked,“Can you tell me the way to the post office,Bob ”
→Mike 　　　　　Bob 　　　　　　　　　　　him the way to the post office.
to lend
to tell
随堂练习
一、将下列句子改为间接引语(每空一词)
1.My friend Linda said to me,“I saw the film three days ago.”
→My friend Linda told me that she 　　　　　　　　　　　　the film three days before.
答案:had seen
2.He said,“It’s ten o’clock now.”
→He said that it was ten o’clock 　　　　　.
答案:then
3.She said,“I’ll do it tonight.”
→She said that she would do it 　　　　　　　　　　.
答案:that night
4.He said,“I brought it home with me.”
→He said that he had 　　　　　　　it home with him.
答案:brought
5.Jack said to me,“Will you please do it for me ”
→Jack 　　　　　me 　　　　　　　　　　it for him.
答案:asked;to do
6.“I will try my best to publish her diary,”said Anne’s father.
→Anne’s father said that 　　　　　　　　his best to publish her diary.
答案:he would try
二、完成句子
1.他告诉母亲如果有足够的时间,他会去游泳。
He 　　　　　　　　　　mother that if he 　　　　　enough time,he 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
答案:told his;had;would go swimming
2.他问我们汤姆是前天还是那天离开的。
He 　　　　　us 　　　　　　Tom 　　　　　　　　　　that day before or 　　　　　　　　　　.
答案:asked;whether;had left;that day
3.他对我说,“我已经把书留在你的房间里了。”
He 　　　　me,“　　　　　　　　　　　book in 　　　　　　room.”
答案:said to;I have left the;your
4.父亲对彼得说,“你昨晚什么时候睡觉的 ”
Father 　　　　　　　　　　　　Peter,“　　　　　　　　　　to bed 　　　　　　　　　　 ”
答案:said to;When did you go;last night