《学霸笔记 同步精讲》Unit 9 Human Biology Section Ⅳ Grammar（课件）高中英语北师大版选择性必修3
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| 名称 | 《学霸笔记 同步精讲》Unit 9 Human Biology Section Ⅳ Grammar（课件）高中英语北师大版选择性必修3 |
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| 格式 | pptx | ||
| 文件大小 | 1.8MB | ||
| 资源类型 | 试卷 | ||
| 版本资源 | 北师大版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2026-03-10 00:00:00 | ||
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文档简介
(共24张PPT)
2026
Unit 9
Section Ⅳ Grammar
英 语
内容索引
走近新课·一起感知
语法探究·一起思考
随堂练习
走近新课·一起感知
语法感知
阅读下列句子,并按照画线部分的时态进行分类
1.Natural cloning has been going on for generations.
2.For example,gardeners have been using a form of cloning when they take a cutting from a plant and place it in a suitable medium,such as soil.
3.For years,there had been attempts to clone animals artificially.
4.After Dolly,scientists have cloned more than 20 mammal species,including camels,cattle,deer,dogs,goats and mice.
5.In comparison with other species,cloning primates has proved to be “much harder”.
6.Dr.Sun Qiang,director of the research team,said they had been wholly devoted to the research and had been taking care of more than 1,000 monkeys 24 hours a day,7 days a week for more than 5 years.
7.There had been a number of failures before they eventually found a way to successfully clone a monkey.
8.The successful cloning of primates has led to worldwide praise as a huge breakthrough.
9.Many people fear it could be the next global epidemic,especially as scientists who have gone into detail studying tissue samples from the bodies of people who died of the 1918 Spanish Flu have proved that bird flu is a modern adaptation of that virus.
10.Families who had only just got through the war now had to bury their loved ones who had died of the disease.
现在完成时:
现在完成进行时:
过去完成时:
过去完成进行时:
4 5 8 9
1 2
3 7 10
6
语法探究·一起思考
知识脉络
语法精讲
完成时
在英语中常用的完成时有四种:现在完成时、现在完成进行时、过去完成时和过去完成进行时。
一、现在完成时
1.构成方法
have/has+动词的过去分词。第三人称单数用has,其他人称用have。
2.用法说明
(1)表示过去发生并结束的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常与时间状语already,yet,never,ever等连用。
Well,Daniel,have you ever felt nervous on stage
哦,丹尼尔,你在舞台上曾经感到紧张吗
(2)表示从过去到现在这段时间之间经历过的事情。常与since、ever since、for+一段时间、so far、up to now、in/over the past+一段时间等连用。
The Xi’an City Wall is one of the most complete city walls that has survived China’s long history.
西安城墙是中国漫长历史上保存下来的最完整的城墙之一。
3.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
现在完成时强调此事对现在的影响,着眼点在现在。一般过去时表达过去某时发生的事情,强调“过去”。
I (have) bought a new English-Chinese dictionary.
我买了一本新英汉词典。
I bought a new English-Chinese dictionary yesterday.
昨天我买了一本新英汉词典。
二、现在完成进行时
1.构成方法
have/has been+动词的现在分词,第三人称单数用has,其他人称用have。
2.用法说明
(1)表示发生在过去一直持续到现在的动作。这个动作可能刚停止,也可能仍继续进行下去,动词常用延续性动词,并常带有表示动作起始时间的状语,如since last week、since 1992等,或是since引导的时间状语从句;也可以是带有表示时间段的状语,如for an hour、for a few days、these days等。
People have been pouring into stadiums since the days of ancient Greece.
从古希腊时代开始,人们一直不断地涌入体育场。
(2)表示不久前刚结束的动作。这种意义通常根据上下文来判断。
I’m exhausted.I have been standing on the shelf the whole morning.
我累坏了。整个上午我一直站在架子上。
3.现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别
现在完成时强调动作的完成,现在完成进行时侧重于表示动作的持续。
I have dialed four times.I don’t think anyone is in the office.
我已经拨了四次电话了,我认为办公室里没人。
I have been dialing.I don’t think anyone’s in the office.
我一直在打电话,我认为办公室里没人。
三、过去完成时
1.构成方法
had+动词的过去分词
2.用法说明
表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作,对过去的某一点造成的某种影响或结果,用来指在另一个过去行动之前就已经完成了的事件。它表示句子中描述的动作发生在 “过去的过去”。
(1)by+过去的时间点
I had finished reading the novel by nine o’clock last night.
昨晚九点之前我读完了那部小说。
(2)by the end of+过去的时间点
We had learnt over two thousand English words by the end of last term.
上学期结束前我们已学了2,000多个英语单词。
(3)before+过去的时间点
They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.
在上周三之前他们已经种了600棵树。
(4)宾语从句中
当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时,且从句的动作先于主句的动作时,从句要用过去完成时。如在told、said、knew、heard、thought等动词后的宾语从句。
She said that she had seen the film before.
她说她之前看过那部电影。
(5)状语从句中
在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中,主、从句的动作发生有先后关系,动作在前的,要用过去完成时,动作在后的要用一般过去时。
After he had finished his homework,he went to bed.
他完成作业后就睡觉了。
(6)表示意向的动词,如hope、wish、expect、think、intend、mean、suppose等,用过去完成时表示 “原本……,未能……”。
We had hoped that you would come,but you didn’t.
我们希望你能来,但你没来。
(7)由特殊句型来判定
过去完成时还可用在hardly...when...、no sooner...than...、It was the first(second,etc.) time (that)...等固定句型中。
Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him.
他刚开始演讲,听众就打断了他。
It was the third time that he had been out of work that year.
这是他那一年第三次失业了。
四、过去完成进行时
1.构成方法
had+been+动词的现在分词
2.用法说明
(1)过去完成进行时表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始,一直延续到另一过去时间。必须以某一过去时间为前提。
As I swept up the mess,I wondered why we had been breaking so many things over the months.
当我收拾残局的时候,我在想为什么这几个月我们打碎了那么多东西。
(2)过去完成进行时还表示在过去某个时间以前反复的动作。
He had been mentioning the comedian’s name to me before I met her.
在见到那位喜剧演员之前,他多次向我提到她的名字。
(3)过去完成进行时还常用于间接引语中。
The doctor asked what he had been eating.
医生问他一直在吃什么。
3.过去完成进行时同过去完成时及过去进行时的区别
(1)过去完成进行时和过去完成时的区别
She had been cleaning the office,so we had to wait outside.
她一直在打扫办公室,所以我们不得不在外面等着。(强调动作一直在进行)
She had cleaned the office,so it was very tidy.
她已经打扫过办公室了,所以办公室很整洁。(强调结果)
(2)过去完成进行时与过去进行时的区别
I had been writing a letter for two hours by the time she came to see me.
当她来看我的时候,我已经写了两个小时的信了。(强调在此之前已经开始并一直延续到她到达的时间)
I was writing a letter when she came to see me.
当她来看我时我正在写信。(强调动作正在进行)
【即学即用】
单句语法填空
①How many of the things on your list you (do) so far
②The musician along with his band members (give)
ten performances in the last three months.
③A few months after he (arrive) in China, Mr Smith fell in love with the people and culture there.
④The telephone (ring) for three minutes before it was answered.
⑤Mary (work) really hard on her book and thinks she’ll have finished it by Friday.
have
done
has given
had arrived
had been ringing
has been working
随堂练习
单句语法填空
1.We (do) quite enough work for the morning;now let’s take a break.
答案:have done
2.This question greatly (interest) humankind for centuries.
答案:has;interested
3.All these years they (contribute) articles to our magazine.
答案: have been contributing
4.During the last three decades,the number of people participating in physical fitness programmes (increase) sharply.
答案:has increased
5.Later we saw the old man who (wait) at the gate for two hours.
答案:had been waiting
2026
Unit 9
Section Ⅳ Grammar
英 语
内容索引
走近新课·一起感知
语法探究·一起思考
随堂练习
走近新课·一起感知
语法感知
阅读下列句子,并按照画线部分的时态进行分类
1.Natural cloning has been going on for generations.
2.For example,gardeners have been using a form of cloning when they take a cutting from a plant and place it in a suitable medium,such as soil.
3.For years,there had been attempts to clone animals artificially.
4.After Dolly,scientists have cloned more than 20 mammal species,including camels,cattle,deer,dogs,goats and mice.
5.In comparison with other species,cloning primates has proved to be “much harder”.
6.Dr.Sun Qiang,director of the research team,said they had been wholly devoted to the research and had been taking care of more than 1,000 monkeys 24 hours a day,7 days a week for more than 5 years.
7.There had been a number of failures before they eventually found a way to successfully clone a monkey.
8.The successful cloning of primates has led to worldwide praise as a huge breakthrough.
9.Many people fear it could be the next global epidemic,especially as scientists who have gone into detail studying tissue samples from the bodies of people who died of the 1918 Spanish Flu have proved that bird flu is a modern adaptation of that virus.
10.Families who had only just got through the war now had to bury their loved ones who had died of the disease.
现在完成时:
现在完成进行时:
过去完成时:
过去完成进行时:
4 5 8 9
1 2
3 7 10
6
语法探究·一起思考
知识脉络
语法精讲
完成时
在英语中常用的完成时有四种:现在完成时、现在完成进行时、过去完成时和过去完成进行时。
一、现在完成时
1.构成方法
have/has+动词的过去分词。第三人称单数用has,其他人称用have。
2.用法说明
(1)表示过去发生并结束的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常与时间状语already,yet,never,ever等连用。
Well,Daniel,have you ever felt nervous on stage
哦,丹尼尔,你在舞台上曾经感到紧张吗
(2)表示从过去到现在这段时间之间经历过的事情。常与since、ever since、for+一段时间、so far、up to now、in/over the past+一段时间等连用。
The Xi’an City Wall is one of the most complete city walls that has survived China’s long history.
西安城墙是中国漫长历史上保存下来的最完整的城墙之一。
3.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
现在完成时强调此事对现在的影响,着眼点在现在。一般过去时表达过去某时发生的事情,强调“过去”。
I (have) bought a new English-Chinese dictionary.
我买了一本新英汉词典。
I bought a new English-Chinese dictionary yesterday.
昨天我买了一本新英汉词典。
二、现在完成进行时
1.构成方法
have/has been+动词的现在分词,第三人称单数用has,其他人称用have。
2.用法说明
(1)表示发生在过去一直持续到现在的动作。这个动作可能刚停止,也可能仍继续进行下去,动词常用延续性动词,并常带有表示动作起始时间的状语,如since last week、since 1992等,或是since引导的时间状语从句;也可以是带有表示时间段的状语,如for an hour、for a few days、these days等。
People have been pouring into stadiums since the days of ancient Greece.
从古希腊时代开始,人们一直不断地涌入体育场。
(2)表示不久前刚结束的动作。这种意义通常根据上下文来判断。
I’m exhausted.I have been standing on the shelf the whole morning.
我累坏了。整个上午我一直站在架子上。
3.现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别
现在完成时强调动作的完成,现在完成进行时侧重于表示动作的持续。
I have dialed four times.I don’t think anyone is in the office.
我已经拨了四次电话了,我认为办公室里没人。
I have been dialing.I don’t think anyone’s in the office.
我一直在打电话,我认为办公室里没人。
三、过去完成时
1.构成方法
had+动词的过去分词
2.用法说明
表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作,对过去的某一点造成的某种影响或结果,用来指在另一个过去行动之前就已经完成了的事件。它表示句子中描述的动作发生在 “过去的过去”。
(1)by+过去的时间点
I had finished reading the novel by nine o’clock last night.
昨晚九点之前我读完了那部小说。
(2)by the end of+过去的时间点
We had learnt over two thousand English words by the end of last term.
上学期结束前我们已学了2,000多个英语单词。
(3)before+过去的时间点
They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.
在上周三之前他们已经种了600棵树。
(4)宾语从句中
当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时,且从句的动作先于主句的动作时,从句要用过去完成时。如在told、said、knew、heard、thought等动词后的宾语从句。
She said that she had seen the film before.
她说她之前看过那部电影。
(5)状语从句中
在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中,主、从句的动作发生有先后关系,动作在前的,要用过去完成时,动作在后的要用一般过去时。
After he had finished his homework,he went to bed.
他完成作业后就睡觉了。
(6)表示意向的动词,如hope、wish、expect、think、intend、mean、suppose等,用过去完成时表示 “原本……,未能……”。
We had hoped that you would come,but you didn’t.
我们希望你能来,但你没来。
(7)由特殊句型来判定
过去完成时还可用在hardly...when...、no sooner...than...、It was the first(second,etc.) time (that)...等固定句型中。
Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him.
他刚开始演讲,听众就打断了他。
It was the third time that he had been out of work that year.
这是他那一年第三次失业了。
四、过去完成进行时
1.构成方法
had+been+动词的现在分词
2.用法说明
(1)过去完成进行时表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始,一直延续到另一过去时间。必须以某一过去时间为前提。
As I swept up the mess,I wondered why we had been breaking so many things over the months.
当我收拾残局的时候,我在想为什么这几个月我们打碎了那么多东西。
(2)过去完成进行时还表示在过去某个时间以前反复的动作。
He had been mentioning the comedian’s name to me before I met her.
在见到那位喜剧演员之前,他多次向我提到她的名字。
(3)过去完成进行时还常用于间接引语中。
The doctor asked what he had been eating.
医生问他一直在吃什么。
3.过去完成进行时同过去完成时及过去进行时的区别
(1)过去完成进行时和过去完成时的区别
She had been cleaning the office,so we had to wait outside.
她一直在打扫办公室,所以我们不得不在外面等着。(强调动作一直在进行)
She had cleaned the office,so it was very tidy.
她已经打扫过办公室了,所以办公室很整洁。(强调结果)
(2)过去完成进行时与过去进行时的区别
I had been writing a letter for two hours by the time she came to see me.
当她来看我的时候,我已经写了两个小时的信了。(强调在此之前已经开始并一直延续到她到达的时间)
I was writing a letter when she came to see me.
当她来看我时我正在写信。(强调动作正在进行)
【即学即用】
单句语法填空
①How many of the things on your list you (do) so far
②The musician along with his band members (give)
ten performances in the last three months.
③A few months after he (arrive) in China, Mr Smith fell in love with the people and culture there.
④The telephone (ring) for three minutes before it was answered.
⑤Mary (work) really hard on her book and thinks she’ll have finished it by Friday.
have
done
has given
had arrived
had been ringing
has been working
随堂练习
单句语法填空
1.We (do) quite enough work for the morning;now let’s take a break.
答案:have done
2.This question greatly (interest) humankind for centuries.
答案:has;interested
3.All these years they (contribute) articles to our magazine.
答案: have been contributing
4.During the last three decades,the number of people participating in physical fitness programmes (increase) sharply.
答案:has increased
5.Later we saw the old man who (wait) at the gate for two hours.
答案:had been waiting