(共168张PPT)
第一编
英 语
2026
第七讲 动词概述及时态
内容索引
知识网络建构
考点探究突破
知识网络建构
考点探究突破
(一)动词的基本形式
1.动词原形
2.一般现在时的第三人称单数的变化规则
考点一 动词概述
3.动词-ing形式的变化规则
初中阶段常见的需要双写最后一个辅音字母的动词有: shop, stop, drop, run, get, sit, dig, put, begin, swim, chat, prefer等。
4.动词过去式和过去分词的变化规则
(1)规则变化
(2)不规则变化
有些动词变为过去式和过去分词时并不遵循以上规律, 其主要分为以下几种:
①AAA型, 即原形、过去式和过去分词都相同。如: cost—cost—cost; cut—cut—cut; hit—hit—hit
②ABB型, 即过去式和过去分词相同。如: bring—brought—brought; build—built—built; catch—caught—caught; keep—kept—kept; tell—told—told; feed—fed—fed; learn—learnt—learnt; say—said—said; sit—sat—sat; make—made—made
③ABC型, 即原形、过去式和过去分词都不相同。如: sing—sang—sung; blow—blew—blown; write—wrote—written; wake—woke—woken
④AAB型, 即过去式和原形相同。如: beat—beat—beaten
⑤ABA型, 即过去分词和原形相同。如: come—came—come; run—ran—run
典例1 Bob has many storybooks and he often s (分享)them with his friends.
解析:句意: 鲍勃有许多故事书, 他经常与朋友们分享它们。由汉语及首字母提示联想到单词share。分析句子结构可知: 本句缺少谓语动词, 且其主语为第三人称单数he; 由前一分句可知本句为一般现在时, 应用动词的第三人称单数形式。故填shares。
答案:shares
活学活用 单词拼写
(二)动词的分类
典例2 —Would you like to try some pizza
—Yes, please. It lovely and nice.
A.sounds; sees B.hears; turns
C.looks; smells D.sounds; watches
解析:句意: ——你想尝尝比萨饼吗 ——是的。它看起来很好, 闻起来很香。look“看起来”; smell“闻起来”。故选C项。
答案:C
活学活用 单句填空
(三)短语动词
常见以下六种类型:
典例3 —Lucy, could you please help me this math problem
—OK. Let me try.
A.look up B.work out
C.set up D.find out
解析:句意: ——露西, 你可以帮助我解决这个数学难题吗 ——好的。让我试试。look up “查阅, 查找”; work out“解决”; set up“建立”; find out“找出, 查明”。故选B项。
答案:B
活学活用 单项填空
(四)易混动词和动词词组辨析
1.accept和receive
accept指主观乐意接受, 表示心理活动。
receive指客观收到, 不表示心理活动。
典例4 Your application won’t until you complete the survey.
A.accept B.receive
C.be accepted D.be received
解析:句意: 你的申请将不会被接受, 除非你完成这个调查。accept强调“主观上接受”; receive强调“客观上收到”。
答案:C
活学活用 单项填空
2.arrive, reach和get
They can arrive in Shanghai tonight.
=They can reach Shanghai tonight.
=They can get to Shanghai tonight.
他们今天晚上能到达上海。
注意 当其后接地点副词时, arrive和get后的介词要省略。
We must arrive/get there on time. 我们必须准时到那里。
arrive 不及物动词 arrive in+大地方
arrive at+小地方
reach 及物动词 reach+地点
get 不及物动词 get to+地点
典例5 —Who was the first to school yesterday
—Tom was.
A.reach B.get
C.arrive D.arrive in
解析:get跟地点名词时要加to, arrive是不及物动词, 跟地点名词时要加in(大地方)或at(小地方)。
答案:A
活学活用 单项填空
单句填空
3.be made of, be made from, be made into, be made up of和be made in
(2)材料+be made into+成品
(3)be made up of由……组成
(4)be made in由某地制造
典例6 —Is the wine made grapes
—Yes, and it’s made France.
A.of; in B.from; in
C.from; by D.of; as
解析:句意: ——这酒是葡萄制成的吗 ——是的, 它是在法国酿造的。be made from“由……制成”, 看不出原材料; be made in“在某地制造”。
答案:B
活学活用 单项填空
4.take, bring, carry和fetch
典例7 —I don’t know where Nepal is.
—Let me a map of world for you.
A.take B.bring
C.fetch D.carry
解析:fetch表示“去拿来”, 由上文句意“我不知道尼泊尔在哪里” 可推测下文句意为“我去拿一张世界地图给你”。
答案:C
活学活用 单项填空
5.borrow, lend和keep
Can I borrow your bike
我能借你的自行车吗
Can you lend your dictionary to me
你能把你的字典借给我吗
How long can I keep the book
我能保管这本书多长时间
典例8 —Could you me your bike, Tom
—OK. And you can it for a week.
A.lend; keep B.borrow; lend
C.lend; borrow D.borrow; keep
解析:句意: ——你可以借给我你的自行车吗, 汤姆 ——可以。你可以借一周。动词lend “借(出)”, 非延续性动词; borrow“借(入)”, 非延续性动词; keep “借”, 延续性动词, 与“for +时间段” 连用。因为题干在问“你可以借给我你的自行车吗 ” 属于借出, 应用动词lend; 而答语中存在时间状语for a week, 所以第二空必须为延续性动词keep。
答案:A
活学活用 选词填空
6.与come相关的短语动词
典例9 The book won’t come until the end of the year.
解析:句意: 这本书直到年底才出版。come out“出版; 发行”。
答案:out
活学活用 单句填空
7.expect, wish和hope
典例10 The summer holiday is coming. My sister and I expect (visit) the Great Wall.
解析:expect to do sth.意为“期待做某事”。
答案:to visit
活学活用 单项填空
8.forget和leave
二者均有遗忘的意思, 一般来说, 只表示忘记某物, 强调大脑中无印象用forget。若表达“把某物忘在某地” 用leave。
典例11 —I’m sorry I my exercise book at home this morning.
—It doesn’t matter. Don’t forget it here this afternoon.
A.left; to take B.forgot; bringing
C.left; to bring D.forgot; to bring
解析:把某物落在某地用leave;“忘记去做某事” 用forget to do sth. 。
答案:C
活学活用 单项填空
9.与get相关的短语动词
典例12 Steven, the park is near. We should get the bus at the stop.
解析:句意: 史蒂文, 公园就在附近。我们应该在车站下车了。get off “下车”。
答案:off
活学活用 单项填空
10.与give相关的动词词组
典例13 The old man decided to all his money to the poor children after he died.
A.give; up B.give; in
C.give; away D.give; out
解析:give up“放弃”; give in“屈服”; give away“赠送, 捐助”; give out“分发”。由句意“这位老人决定去世后把所有的钱
贫困儿童” 可知选C项。
答案:C
活学活用 单句填空
11.look for, find, find out, discover和invent
I looked for it everywhere, but I could not find it.
我到处都找过了, 但就是找不到它。
Please find out when the train leaves.
请查一下火车什么时候离站。
People have discovered much oil in many places in China.
人们在中国的许多地方发现了大量的石油。
Who invented the telephone
是谁发明了电话
典例14 —Have you your wallet
—No, I haven’t. I’m still it.
A.found; looking for
B.looked for; finding
C.found; finding
D.looked for; looking for
解析:句意: ——你找到你的钱包了吗 ——没呢, 我还在找。find“找到”, 强调结果。look for“寻找”, 强调动作。
答案:A
活学活用 单项填空
12.与look相关的短语动词
典例15 My mother is ill in hospital. I have to look my grandparents at home.
解析:句意: 我妈妈生病住院了。我不得不在家里照顾我的爷爷奶奶。look after“照看”。
答案:after
活学活用 单项填空
单句填空
13.wear, put on和dress
She often wears a red coat.
她经常穿着一件红色大衣。
He put on his coat and went out.
他穿上大衣出去了。
The girl can dress herself.
这个女孩会自己穿衣服。
典例16 It’s cold outside. Please your coat when you go out.
A.put on B.dress C.wear D.put
解析:句意: 外面很冷, 当你出去的时候请穿上大衣。put on“穿上”, 强调动作。
答案:A
活学活用 单项填空
14.provide, offer和supply
His parents used to provide him with food and clothing.
他的父母过去常常供他吃穿。
He offered me a glass of wine. 他端给我一杯酒。
The farm supplies the supermarket with fruits.
这家农场为这家超市供应水果。
典例17 Parents often their children some good advice.
A.offer; with B.provide; for
C.provide; with D.supply; for
解析:provide sb.with sth. =provide sth. for sb.=offer sb.sth. =offer sth. to sb.=supply sb.with sth. =supply sth. to sb., 故选C项。
答案:C
活学活用 单句填空
15.与put相关的短语动词
典例18 The school sports meeting will be put because of the heavy rain.
解析:句意: 校运动会因为大雨将会被推迟。put off “推迟”。
答案:off
活学活用 单句填空
16.speak, say, tell和talk
—What did the teacher tell you
——老师告诉你什么了
—He said that he would speak English when he talked with the visitors.
——他说他将用英语和游客们交流。
典例19 Could you me how to it in Chinese
A.say; speak B.speak; say
C.tell; say D.say; tell
解析:tell“告诉”; say后接说的内容。句意: 你能告诉我用汉语怎么说它吗
答案:C
活学活用 单项填空
17.spend, take, cost和pay
spend 主语只能是人, 常用于spend...on sth.或spend...(in) doing sth.
take it takes+sb.+时间+to do sth.
cost sth.+costs+sb.+money
pay sb.+pays+money+for+sth.
He spent much time on his homework.
他花费许多时间做家庭作业。
Mike spent one yuan (in) buying a pencil.
迈克花1元钱买了一支铅笔。
It took us a week to finish the work.
我们花了一周的时间完成这项工作。
The bike cost me 200 yuan.
这辆自行车花了我200元。
Tom paid $200 for the coat.
汤姆买这件外套花了200美元。
典例20 Before stamps, people didn’t for the letters they sent, but for the letters they received.
A.pay B.cost
C.spend D.take
解析:pay for“为……付款”, 是固定短语。故选A项。
答案:A
活学活用 单项填空
18.与take相关的短语动词
典例21 I took my father’s wet shoes and washed his feet.
解析:句意: 我 我父亲的湿鞋子并帮他洗脚。take off“脱掉, 起飞”。根据题干提示washed his feet可知应为took off。
答案:off
活学活用 单项填空
单句填空
19.与turn相关的习语
典例22 Mum wants to watch the news. Let’s turn the TV.
解析:由上一句“妈妈想看新闻” 可知建议“打开电视”。turn on“打开”。
答案:on
活学活用 单句填空
20.used to, be used to, be used for和be used as
典例23 She used to a bus to school, but now she is used to to school.
A.taking; walk B.take; walk
C.taking; walking D.take; walking
解析:句意: 她过去常常乘公共汽车去上学, 但是现在她习惯于步行去上学。used to do sth. “过去常常做某事”; be used to doing sth. “习惯于做某事”。
答案:D
活学活用 单项填空
21.listen和hear
My father is listening to music now.
我爸爸现在正在听音乐。
I couldn’t hear what he said.
我没有听到他说的话。
典例24 ! Can you something
A.Listen; listen B.Hear; hear
C.Hear; listen D.Listen; hear
解析:listen用于句首时表示提醒对方注意听; hear意为“听见”, 强调结果。
答案:D
活学活用 单项填空
(一)一般现在时
1.构成
一般现在时的构成主要有两种形式:
(1)be动词型: 句子的谓语动词是be(am, is, are)。
(2)实义动词型: 句子的谓语动词用动词原形表示; 若主语是第三人称单数, 动词则用其第三人称单数形式。
注意 常与一般现在时连用的时间状语:
always, usually, often, sometimes(at times), hardly, ever, never, once/twice/three times a week, every day/year..., on Sundays, in the morning等。
考点二 动词时态
2.用法
典例25 —What do you often do at weekends
—I often my grandparents.
A.visit B.visited
C.have visited D.will visit
解析:由问句“你通常在周末做什么 ” 可知答语的时态为一般现在时。
答案:A
活学活用 单句填空
(二)一般过去时
1.用法
用法 例句
表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态 She went to Beijing yesterday. 她昨天去了北京。
表示过去的习惯性动作或过去经常、反复发生的动作或存在的状态 Wang Li wrote a letter to me once a month last year. 去年, 王丽每月给我写一封信。
用法 例句
用used to加动词原形或用would加动词原形表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作 My brother used to get up early, but now he is very lazy. 我哥哥过去常常早起, 但现在他很懒。
在时间状语从句、条件状语从句中, 常用一般过去时表示将来 She said she’d call me if she arrived early. 她说她如果到得早会给我打电话。
注意 常与一般过去时连用的时间状语:
yesterday, the day before yesterday, last night/week/year, three days ago, the other day, just now, a moment ago, in 2018 等。
2.一般过去时的句式转换
典例26 —Have you ever climbed Mount Tai, Carol
—Yes, I in Tai’an for a week last year and reached the top of it twice.
A.had stayed B.stay
C.stayed D.have stayed
解析:由时间状语last year可知时态为一般过去时。故选C项。
答案:C
活学活用 单句填空
(三)现在进行时
1.构成
肯定句: 主语+be(am, is, are)+动词-ing形式+其他.
否定句: 主语+be(am, is, are)+not+动词-ing形式+其他.
一般疑问句: Be(Am, Is, Are)+主语+动词-ing形式+其他
2.用法
注意 下列动词通常不用于进行时态:
典例27 Don’t enter the area. The students (take) an English exam.
解析:句意: 不要进入这片区域。学生们正在进行英语考试。由句意可知考试这个动作正在发生, 因此用现在进行时。
答案:are taking
活学活用 单项填空
(四)过去进行时
构成及用法
构成 肯定句: S+was/were+动词-ing+其他.
否定句: S+was/were+not+动词-ing+其他.
一般疑问句: Was/Were+S+动词-ing+其他
用法 表示过去某一时刻或某一时间段内正在进行或发生的动作(动作发生的特定时间常用一个短语或时间状语从句来表明)
常用时间状语 at 9:00 a.m. yesterday; at this time last night; from seven to nine; when, while引导的时间状语从句
注意 when与while用法辨析
典例28 —I called you yesterday evening. But nobody answered.
—Oh, sorry. Maybe I in the bathroom at that time.
A.take a shower B.took a shower
C.was taking a shower D.am taking a shower
解析:由时间状语at that time可知时态为过去进行时。
答案:C
(五)一般将来时
1.构成
will/shall+动词原形
be (am, is, are) going to+动词原形
be (am, is, are) to+动词原形
2.用法
表示在将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态。常与tomorrow, soon, later, next time, in+一段时间等连用。如:
I’ll start tomorrow.
我明天动身。
“be going to+动词原形” 用于表示主观上打算将来要做某事, 这种打算往往是事先安排好的或表示可能要发生或肯定要发生的事情。如:
She has bought some cloth and she is going to make herself a dress.
她买了一些布, 准备为自己做一件连衣裙。
3.一般将来时的其他表达方式
典例29 —Did you call Jenny
—Oh no, I forgot. I her right away.
A.called B.have called
C.call D.will call
解析:句意: ——你给珍妮打电话了吗 ——哦, 没有。我忘了。我马上就打。由句意可知时态是一般将来时。故选D项。
答案:D
活学活用 单项填空
(六)过去将来时
1.构成
(1)would/should+动词原形
(2)was/were going to+动词原形
2.用法
用法 例句
表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态; 这种时态常用于宾语从句或间接引语中; 常用的时间状语有two days later, the next week, the following day等 Tom said he would come.
汤姆说他要来的。
Linda said she was going to visit her aunt.
琳达说她打算去看她的姑妈。
Mr.Green told us we were going to have a party at the weekend.
格林先生告诉我们周末要办一场晚会。
典例30 —Has Tom handed in his homework
—Not sure. He told me that he wanted to check again and
it in soon.
A.will hand B.would hand
C.has handed D.had handed
解析:由句意“他告诉我他想再检查一下就很快上交” 可知告诉“我” 时还没交, 又因主句是一般过去时, 从句应用过去将来时。
答案:B
活学活用 单句填空
(七)现在完成时
1.构成
助动词have/has+动词的过去分词。如:
I have worked in the middle school for 16 years.
我已经在这所中学工作16年了。
2.用法
用法 例句
表示到现在为止已经完成的动作而且这个动作的结果对现在仍有影响 Your father has already come here. 你爸爸已经来到这儿了。
表示动作发生在过去, 已经成为某种经验或经历, 并对现在有影响 I have seen the film twice.
我已看过这部电影两次了。
表示过去已经开始并持续到现在的动作(只限于延续性动词) The Smiths have lived here since 2000.史密斯一家自从2000年就住在这儿。
3.现在完成时的特殊情况
用现在完成时来描述一个从过去一直延续到现在的动作时, 其谓语动词一定要用延续性动词。
初中阶段, 延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换, 常用的有leave—be away, buy—have, begin/start—be on, die—be dead, finish—be over, join—be in+组织机构, fall ill—be ill, get up—be up, catch a cold—have a cold, come here—be here, go there—be there, come back—be back, borrow—keep, fall asleep—be asleep, put on—wear, get married—be married, get to know—know, enter/get to/reach—be in/at, go/leave for/set off/set out—be away from等。
4.一般过去时和现在完成时的区别
5.have/has been to与have/has gone to的用法
两者后跟表示地点的名词; 后接地点副词时, 介词to要省略, 其表达意义有区别。
I have been to the USA.
我去过美国。(现在不在美国)
He’s gone to the library.
他去了图书馆。(现在仍在图书馆或在去图书馆的路上)
典例31 —Hobo and Eddie the cinema to watch a film.
—Oh, that’s why I can’t find them now.
A.have gone to
B.have been to
C.has gone to
D.has been to
解析:have gone to表示“去某地了, 还没有回来”。故选A项。
答案:A
活学活用 单句填空
(八)过去完成时
1.构成及用法
2.现在完成时和过去完成时的区别
典例32 —Why was he late for school yesterday
—He overslept. By the time he got to the bus stop, the bus already .
A.was; leaving B.has; left
C.would; leave D.had; left
解析:根据时间状语从句“By the time he got to the bus stop...” 可知, 表示事情发生在“过去的过去”, 因此主句要用过去完成时态。
答案:D
活学活用 单句填空