第10讲 动词的语态 第1编 语法专项突破《中考快车道》初中总复习英语 人教版PPT课件

(共38张PPT)
第一编
英 语
2026
第十讲　动词的语态
内容索引
知识网络建构
考点探究突破
知识网络建构
考点探究突破
语态有两种: 主动语态和被动语态。当主语是动作的执行者时用主动语态, 当主语是动作的承受者时用被动语态。如:
Many people speak English. (主语many people是动作speak的执行者)
English is spoken by many people. (主语English是动作speak的承受者)
被动语态由“主语+be+及物动词的过去分词”构成, 助动词有时态、人称和数的变化。
考点一　各种时态的被动语态
构成 例句
一般将来时: will/shall be+过去分词 The sports meeting will be held tomorrow.
运动会将于明天举行。
现在进行时: am/is/are+being+过去分词 The car is being repaired.
这辆汽车正在修理中。
典例1 Now smartphones 　　　　　　　　(use) in many ways in our daily life.
解析:由主语smartphones与use之间存在动宾关系可知用被动语态。
答案:are used
活学活用 单项填空
2.It is reported that Damiao Culture Square 　　　in Taian next year.
A.will be built　　　B.were built
C.have built D.will build
答案:A
解析:主语Damiao Culture Square和谓语动词build是被动关系, 故该题应用被动语态; 又因为next year“明年”是一般将来时的时间状语标志, 故选A项。
3.—It’s difficult to get to the other side of the river.
—I think a bridge 　　　over the river.
A.should be built B.should build
C.will build D.has built
答案:A
解析:根据主语a bridge与build之间存在被动关系可知用被动语态。故选A项。
4.People who 　　　to the party are very excited.
A.have invited B.has been invited
C.will invite D.have been invited
答案:D
解析:根据句意“已经被邀请去参加聚会的人非常激动。”可以判断需用现在完成时的被动语态。A项和C项为主动语态, 故排除; 而B项中, has和主语people不能搭配。故选 D项。
1.变换结构图
考点二　主动语态变被动语态
2.变换步骤
第一步, 先确定主动句的主语、谓语、宾语, 找出其中的谓语动词;
第二步, 把主动句中谓语动词后面的宾语变为被动句的主语, 若宾语是人称代词时, 应把宾格变为主格;
第三步, 把主动句中的谓语动词变为“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”, 但时态不能改变;
第四步, 把主动句中谓语动词前面的主语变为被动句中介词by的宾语(没必要说出动作的执行者时可省略), 若主语是人称代词时, 应把主格变为宾格。
规律总结 主动语态变为被动语态, 时态要保持一致, 句式要保持一致, 被动结构的主语与谓语要保持人称和数的一致。
3.几种特殊形式
(1)主动句中感官动词see/hear/watch/feel等和使役动词make/let/have等词后跟省略to的动词不定式, 变为被动语态时应加上不定式符号to。如:
We saw an alien get out of the UFO.
→An alien was seen to get out of the UFO.
规律总结 后接动词-ing形式做宾语补足语的动词变为被动语态时, 宾语补足语自动变成主语补足语, 但形式不变。
对比: We heard Jim playing the guitar in his room.
→Jim was heard playing the guitar in his room.
(2)谓语动词后接双宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语)时
①把间接宾语变为主语, 直接宾语不变。如:
He gave me a new book.
　　↓　　 ↓
间接宾语　直接宾语
→I was given a new book by him.
②把直接宾语变为主语, 间接宾语前通常加介词to或for。加to的动词有 give, bring, pass, lend, read, write, teach, show等; 加for的动词有 buy, sing, choose, make, leave, mend等。如:
He gave me a new book.
　　 ↓　　 ↓
间接宾语　直接宾语
→A new book was given to me by him.
(3)句中谓语是词组动词时, 变为被动语态时要注意其完整性。如:
Jack turned on the TV just now.
→The TV was turned on by Jack just now.
(4)带有复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时, 只需把宾语变为被动语态的主语, 而宾语补足语仍保留在原处, 做主语补足语。如:
Our teacher told us to clean the classroom at once.
→We were told to clean the classroom at once by our teacher.
(5)表示“据说……”“听说……”或“相信”这种意思时, 常用People say... 或They believe... 等句型。这种句子变为被动语态时, 常用 It is said that...“据说……”等。
It is reported that... 据报道……
It is believed that... 大家相信……
It is well known that... 众所周知……
It is thought that... 大家认为……
(6)动词不定式的被动语态
动词不定式的被动语态为: to be+过去分词
The radio says a zoo is to be built in our city.
收音机上说(广播说)在我们市将建一个动物园。
典例2 Though the earthquake destroyed many houses, people didn’t lose hope. (改为被动语态)
Though many houses 　　　　　　　　　　　　by the earthquake, people didn’t lose hope.
解析:由主动句的时态为一般过去时, 且主语是many houses可知be动词用were。
答案:were destroyed
活学活用 改为被动语态
1.feel, look, sound, smell, taste等系动词的主动语态表示被动含义。
如:
The dishes smell so delicious. 菜闻起来真香。
Your idea sounds better. 你的主意听起来更好。
考点三　被动意义的几种特殊表达形式
2.有些动词如sell, cut, drive, write, open, lock等作为不及物动词时可以用主动语态表示被动含义。
如:
These books sell well. 这些书很畅销。
My pen writes smoothly.
我的钢笔写起字来很流畅。
3.need/want/require doing相当于need/want/require to be done(不定式的被动结构)。
如:
Your room needs cleaning.
=Your room needs to be cleaned.
你的房间需要打扫了。
4.be worth doing(值得做)中的doing表示被动含义。
如:
The movie is worth watching by everyone.
这部电影值得所有人看一看。
典例3 The novel is great. It’s well worth 　　　　(read).
解析:be worth doing sth.“值得做某事”。此结构主动表被动。
答案:reading
活学活用 单项填空
单句填空
“be+p.p.”表示动作时是被动语态; “be+p.p. ”表示主语所处的状态时是系表结构。
1.含有“by+宾语”结构强调动作的执行者, 此时为被动语态。
The window is broken. 窗户坏了。(系表结构)
The window is broken by me.
窗户是我打破的。(被动语态)
考点四　被动语态与系表结构的区别
2.句中有地点、频率或时间状语时, 一般是被动语态。
The door was closed. 门是关着的。(系表结构)
The door was closed at 9:00.
九点钟关的门。(被动语态)
3.系表结构中常用介词搭配, 被动语态中没有介词搭配。
We’re worried about the boy.
我们担心那个男孩。
4.系表结构的过去分词可以被副词修饰。
I’m really surprised at the news.
我对这个消息真的感到惊讶。
5.系表结构通常只有一般现在时和一般过去时, 而被动语态可用于多种时态。