专题3 综合填空 第2编 题型解法指导《中考快车道》初中总复习英语 人教版PPT课件

(共39张PPT)
第二编
英 语
2026
专题三　综合填空
内容索引
考情调研解读
归纳题型解法
考情调研解读
1.综合填空题主要考查考生对单词、语法知识、构词法知识的综合运用能力, 并检验考生掌握所学词汇的程度。中考对词汇的考查已不仅仅停留在对词汇知识的机械记忆上, 而是着重考查考生在特定语言环境中运用词汇的能力。
2.综合填空题的考查重点是: (1)名词的复数及所有格的用法; (2)序数词的构成及用法; (3)形容词、副词的原级、比较级、最高级的用法; (4)人称代词的主格、宾格以及名词性物主代词和形容词性物主代词的用法; (5)动词的时态和语态; (6)连词、介词等的用法。
3.考查的方式: (1)首字母提示;(2)用所给单词或短语的适当形式填空;(3)语法填空。
归纳题型解法
首字母填空类短文是将一篇文章中若干个词“掏空”, 留下该词的首字母, 该首字母既作为提示又作为限制, 让我们根据短文的意思把单词拼写完整, 使文章连贯。答题时要在通读全文、掌握大意的前提下, 采用先易后难, 逐项填空的应试策略。
题型1　首字母提示型
典例1 根据短文内容及首字母提示,填写所缺单词,使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。
How do we know the time A clock, a watch or a cell phone can help us. However, many years ago there were no clocks and knowing the time was not so easy. Over the centuries, people have developed different w　1　 of telling the time.
About 5, 500 years ago, the Egyptians i　2　 the sun clock. This was a tall stone structure. Its shadow(影子) showed the movement of the s　3　. They were able to determine(测定) midday.
About 3, 500 years ago, the Egyptians made a sundial. It was smaller than the sun clock and could measure(测量) the time for half a day. On c　4　 days or at night it was impossible to tell the time with a sun clock or a sundial.
Water clocks were the f　5　 clocks not to use the sun. The idea is simple. Water flows(流动) from one container(容器) to another. When the water reaches a certain l　6　, it moves a lever(控制杆) and this shows the hours. The Egyptians used water clocks about 3, 400 years ago. These clocks were popular in the Middle East and China but they f　7　 to keep accurate(精确的) time.
In the 13th century, the mechanical clock was invented. This was more accurate, b　8　 was expensive to make. Over the next few centuries it was developed. For example, springs(发条) were added around 1500.This i　9　 accuracy and allowed clocks to be smaller.
In 1927, the first quartz clock was developed. Clocks became cheaper to build and own. People began depending on them more and more to run businesses, markets and so on.
More recently, in 1956, came the digital clock. And nowadays satellites(人造卫星) send our cell phones the time to the exact second. There has been a lot of progress in timekeeping but some things never c　10　. Many of us still have trouble getting out of bed on time and not missing appointments.
答案与解析:
1.ways　由句意可知此处表示知道时间的“方式”, 故填ways。
2.invented　句意: 大约5,500年前, 埃及人发明了太阳时钟。此处表示发明, 且应用一般过去时, 故填invented。
3.sun　太阳时钟的影子显示的是太阳的运动轨迹, 故填sun。
4.cloudy　在阴天的时候或者晚上太阳时钟或日晷是无法测出时间的。此处应填cloudy。
5.first　句意: 水钟是最初不用太阳的时钟。表示“第一, 首先, 最初”, 故应填first。
6.level　表示“水平高度”, 应填level。
7.failed　水钟不能维持准确的时间, 表示“失败, 未能(做到)”, 且应用一般过去时, 应填failed。
8.but　机械表更加准确了, 但是制造费用特别高。表示转折关系, 应填but。
9.improved　发条的使用增加了时钟的准确性。表示“增加, 增强”, 且应用一般过去时, 应填improved。
10.change　计时的工具有了很多改进, 但是很多事情还是不能发生改变。表示“改变”, 且前面有never修饰, 故应填change。
答案与解析:
1.little　know little about sth.“对某物知之甚少”。根据下文“... he hardly ever got out of his village.”可知他几乎不出村, 由此可判断他对外面的世界了解很少, 故填little。
2.from　get sth.from sb.“从某人那儿得到某物”。句意: 一天, 他从住在大城市的叔叔那儿得到了一个收音机。
3.showed　句意: 他很激动, 然后把收音机给他所有的朋友看。根据后面的to和句意及首字母提示可定位show。另外, 前句用了was, 时态要与前面的一致, 故填showed。show sth.to sb.“把某物给某人看”。
4.of　从上文中比尔把收音机给朋友们看可得知他对这个收音机感到很自豪。feel proud of sth.“对某物感到自豪/骄傲”, 故填of。
5.working　句意: 然而, 几天后, 那台收音机就停止　　　了。根据下文他去修理, 可推知收音机坏了。stop doing sth.“停止做某事”, 表示停止正在做的事情。
6.what　句意: 比尔很难过, 不知道该做些　　　。此处是know后跟动词不定式的用法, do后没有宾语, 可知空格处即它的宾语, 根据语境可推知“他不知道该做什么”, 故填what。
7.him　句意: 他的一个朋友告诉　　　去镇上的修理铺。比尔是男生, 此处缺少宾语, 故填宾格him。
8.found　句意: 在收音机里, 那个人　　　了两只死蟑螂。根据语境和首字母提示, 可推测意为“找到, 发现”, 根据上文的时态可判断用过去时, 故填found。
9.Why　根据下文的回答“Because...”可知这是why引导的疑问句, 故填why, 且位于句首, 首字母应大写。
10.songs　根据上文“Because the two singers died in my radio.”可推知他很伤心“我怎样才能听到美妙的歌曲呢 ”, 故填songs, 前面没有表示单数的限定词, 故用复数形式。
借助上下文来确定它的适当形式。如: 若空缺处需要填写动词, 那么就要考虑动词的时态、语态等; 若空缺处需要填写形容词, 那么就要考虑形容词的比较级、最高级及固定句式等。
题型2 用所给词的适当形式填空型
典例2
从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空、使短文完整、通顺(每空一词, 每词限用一次)。
none　silent　stand　we　courage　question　fast　protect　but　without
Once in a physics class, the teacher asked students, “Why do we have brakes(刹车) in our cars ” Soon, students gave different answers. A student 　1　 up and replied, “Sir, to stop the car.” Another one said, “To reduce and control the speed of the car.”
However, 　2　 of the answers was the same as the teacher’s. Then he said, “All of your answers are right. But in my opinion, the brakes in the car make us able to drive much 　3　.”
“If the car has no brakes, how fast are we ready to drive It is the brakes in the car that give us 　4　 to drive fast and safely.” Listening to this, the whole class was 　5　 because no one had imagined this answer.
Similarly, there are many such “brakes” in our life, which seem to stop us. For example, our parents may ask 　6　 about progress or decisions in life. Their 　7　 or suggestions may be considered as “brakes” which stand in our way. But we can see them as our supporters which can 　8　 us while taking risks. Sometimes, we have to stop or even step back, so that we can take a big step.
In fact, it is the “brakes” in life that help us a lot. 　9　 these “brakes”, we could lose our direction or get into danger. So we need to understand that “brakes” in our life are not meant to push us back 　10　 to make us move forward more quickly than before.
答案与解析:
1.stood　句意: 一个学生站起来回答说: “先生, 停车。”根据“A student...up and replied”可知, 是站起来回答问题。stand up“起立”, 时态是一般过去时, 动词用过去式。故填stood。
2.none　句意: 然而, 没有一个答案与老师的相同。根据“However, ...of the answers was the same as the teacher’s.”可知, 没有一个答案与老师的相同, none“没有一个”符合语境, 故填none。
3.faster　句意: 但在我看来, 汽车里的刹车使我们能够开得更快。根据“the brakes in the car make us able to drive much...”可知, 老师认为汽车里的刹车使我们能够开得更快, fast“快地”, much修饰比较级。故填faster。
4.courage　句意: 正是刹车给了我们勇气, 让我们安全地快速驾驶。根据“It is the brakes in the car that give us...to drive fast and safely.”可知, 刹车给了我们安全快速驾驶的勇气。courage“勇气”, 在动词后做宾语。故填courage。
5.silent　句意: 听了这话, 全班鸦雀无声, 因为谁也没有想到是这个答案。根据“the whole class was...because no one had imagined this answer”可知, 全班鸦雀无声, silent“无声的”, 在句中做表语。故填silent。
6.us　句意: 例如, 我们的父母可能会问我们关于生活中的进步或决定。根据“our parents may ask...about progress or decisions in life”可知, 父母问我们关于生活中的进步或决定, 用宾格us在动词后做宾语。故填us。
7.questions　句意: 他们的问题或建议可能被视为挡在我们路上的“刹车”。根据“Their...or suggestions may be considered as ‘brakes’ which stand in our way.”可知, 父母的问题或建议是我们生活中的“刹车”。question“问题”, 此处与“suggestions”并列, 使用名词复数形式。故填questions。
8.protect　句意: 但我们可以把他们看作是我们的支持者, 他们可以在我们冒险的时候保护我们。根据“But we can see them as our supporters which can...us while taking risks.”可知, 他们可以在我们冒险的时候保护我们。protect“保护”, 情态动词can后用动词原形。故填protect。
9.Without　句意: 没有这些“刹车”, 我们可能会迷失方向或陷入危险。根据“...these ‘brakes’, we could lose our direction or get into danger.”可知, 没有“刹车”可能会失去方向或陷入危险。without“没有”符合语境, 句首需大写首字母。故填Without。
10.but　句意: 因此, 我们需要明白, 生活中的“刹车”不是为了让我们倒退, 而是为了让我们比以前更快地前进。分析“So we need to understand that ‘brakes’ in our life are not meant to push us back...to make us move forward more quickly than before.”可知, 此处是not...but...结构, 意为“不是……而是……”, 故填but。
活学活用
an
during
saved
himself
both
kinds
enough
decision
what
seriously
题型3　语法填空型
语法填空主要考查形式分为有提示词和无提示词两种。有提示词的主要考查所给词的适当形式;无提示词的主要考查冠词、代词、介词、连词等。
典例3(2023四川乐山)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内所给单词的正确形式。
Once upon a time, there was a wise old man who had seven sons. But his sons 　1　 (are) always fighting. It made some bad people happy because they wanted to cheat(欺骗) the brothers out of their 　2　 (father) money.
One day, the father decided to help his sons stop
　3 　 (fight), so he brought them together. He tied seven chopsticks together, and said, “I will give all of my money to 　4　 one who can break this bundle(捆).”
were
father’s
fighting
the
The seven sons each tried 　5　 (break) the chopsticks, but it was too hard. They agreed that it was impossible.
“Yet, my sons,” said the father, “it’s actually easy to do.”
He untied the chopsticks and broke them one 　6　 one easily.
“Aha!” said his sons, “It’s easy to do that way. Anyone can do it.”
to break
by
The father 　7 　(go) on, “As it is with these chopsticks, so it is with you, my sons. If you stick together and help each other, you will do well, and nobody can harm you. But if you fight, you will be like these chopsticks, broken 　8　 weak.”
The seven sons listened 　9　 (careful) and promised to stick together. They kept their promise and faced life’s 　10 　(difficulty) together, just as their wise father had taught them.
went
and
carefully
difficulties
活学活用
When I was a child, I loved to visited my grandparents’ farm. There was always something new to do, 　1 　(see) and to enjoy.
to see
One day, I, together with my brothers and sisters, went to my grandparents’ farm to celebrate my birthday. We all liked eating strawberries and we went to pick 　2　 (they). We each took a basket. But I was lazy. I took the
　3　 (small) basket. While the others were picking strawberries, I had a rest. Before we 　4　 (return), I put a lot of grass in my basket and then I put a few strawberries on top. The basket looked full. My grandfather said he was proud 　5　 my hard work.
them
smallest
returned
of
The next morning my grandmother made many 　6　 (pie). There was a big pie which 　7　 (make) just for me. It looked nice! But when I began to eat it, I found there was nothing but grass under the top strawberries! You can guess 　8　 surprised I was.
My grandfather looked at me 　9　 (calm) and said,“When you cheat others, you cheat yourself.” He didn’t need to say more but taught me 　10　 good lesson.
pies
was made
how
calmly
a