2026年山东省济南中考英语复习-被动语态导学案（无答案）

专项复习（十一） 被动语态
一、专项复习
考点一. 被动语态的构成及用法：
I. 用法解析
1. 英语句子中，谓语动词有两种语态：
即主动语态（主语是动作的执行者）和被动语态（主语是动作的承受者）
2. 被动语态的构成：
“be+及物动词的过去分词”（be是助动词，它有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与系动词be相同）
(1)不知道谁是动作的执行者。
(2)没有必要或者不愿指出动作的执行者。 (3)强调动作的承受者。
(4)动作的执行者不是人而是无生命的事物。(5)出于行文的需要，被动结构更容易安排句子时。
(6)习惯用法。在英语中， be born, be located ，be dressed， be seated常常以被动语态的形式出现。
II. 跟踪练习
1. Last December, a man who stole a shared bike______1,000 yuan by the police.
A. fined B. was fined C. will be fined D. has fined
2. Many houses _______ by the earthquake and thousands of people were left homeless.
A.damaged B.were damaged C. were damaging D. are damaged
考点二. 常考的被动语态的结构、转化步骤：
I. 用法解析
1．常见时态的被动语态的构成：
一般现在时的被动：be (am, is , are ) + done 一般过去式的被动：be ( was ,were) + done
一般将来时的被动：will +be+ done / be going to be done 现在完成时的被动： have /has been done
含有情态动词的被动：情态动词+ be+ done
2.主动变被动记忆口诀：
宾变主，把“是”补；动词跟，变过分；时与数，“是”随主。（注：“是”指be）
She cleans the kitchen. → The kitchen is cleaned by her.
We have finished the task. → The task has been finished by us.
They will build a new bridge over the river. → A new bridge will be built over the river.
II. 跟踪练习
1.The Meitan Tea Museum, a famous building in Guizhou, _______ in the shape of a giant teapot.
A.will be built B. should be built C. was built D. built
2. Look at the flowers on both sides of the streets, They________ last month.
A. were planted B.are planted C. are planting D. were planting
考点三. 被动语态的转化与注意事项：
I. 用法解析
1. 短语动词作谓语变被动句时，不可丢掉构成短语动词的介词和副词。如:
We must take good care of the children.→The children must be taken good care of.
He will put up a picture on the wall. → A picture will be put up on the wall.
被动语态常用在不知道动作的执行者或者是要强调的是动作的承受者时。
如: History is made by the people. 历史是人民创造的。
固定结构be going to (do), used to (do), have to (do), had better (do)等在变为被动语态时，只需将其后的
不定式变为被动语态形式即可。
如：He used to send newspapers. → Newspapers used to be sent (by him).
take place, happen, break out, shut, 等表示“发生、爆发、”时不用被动语态。
主动形式表被动。
有些动词，如sell, cut, drive, wash, clean,write, wear等与 welt quickly, easily等副词连用表示主语的属性特征时可以用主动语态表示被动含义。
The book written by Mo Yan sells well. 莫言写的这本书很畅销。
此用法中，这些动词用作不及物动词，且主语为物。
The kind of cloth washes well. 这种布很好洗。
带有复合宾语的动词的被动语态
如果宾语补足语是省略to的动词不定式,变为被动语态时,必须加上不定式符号to,这类动词有make, let, see, hear, watch, see等。如:I often hear him sing in his room.→ He _____________________ sing in his room.
II. 跟踪练习
1. —Judy was heard_______ just now.What happened —Carl was telling a joke to her.
A. cry B. to cry C. laugh D. to laugh.
2. They________ day and night.
A. are made work B. are made to work C.made to be worked D. are making to work
二、专项检测
I. 单项选择
1. —Where _______ the machines _______, do you know —In China.
A. is; made B. are; made C. have; made D. do; made
2. With the villagers’ _______, the young trees have been _______.
A. land; watered B. money; taken good care C. help; well looked after D. fields; planted
3. This kind of machine ______ cutting paper.
A. uses for B. is using for C. is used to D. is used for
4. —Do you like this kind of paper —Yes, it ______ very nice.
A. is felt B. felt C. is feeling D. feels
5. —Did you go to Jim’s birthday party —No, I ________.
A. am not invited B. wasn’t invited C. haven’t invited D. didn’t invite
6. These books _______ out of the reading room. You have to read them here.
A. can’t take B. must be taken C. can take D. mustn’t be taken
7. A talk on Chinese history _______ in the school hall next week.
A. be given B. has been given C. will be given D. will give
8. I like my new bike. It _______ very well.
A. rides B. is riding C. is ridden D. has ridden
9. —What are on show in the museum —Some photos ______ by African children.
A. are taken B. were taken C. taken D. have been taken
II. 用所给动词的适当形式填空：
1. A lot of water (waste) every year. It’s a serious problem.
2. Now many kinds of work __________ (can do) by robots.
3. Fish may __________ (catch) in the river.
4. A new bridge __________ (build) over the river last year.
5. The TV should ___________(mend) right now .
6. Vegetables, eggs and fish ___________ (sell) in that shop.
7. The children ________ often ________ (tell) to be careful with fire.
8. The accident __________ (happen) just now.
9. The wounded soldier must __________ (take) to the hospital at once.