Unit 4 The Wonders of Nature Section A 知识清单 2025-2026学年人教2024版八年级英语下册

Unit 4 The Wonders of Nature
Section A What is amazing about nature？知识点
一、单元词汇
单词 Section A1. n. 奇观，惊叹 v 琢磨，想知道，感到诧异2. n. 数量，测量3. prep. 在或到....下面，低于，少于adv. 在或到下面4. n. 水平，高度，程度5. n. 表面，表层6. n. 深度，纵深7. n.＆ v. 潜水，跳水，俯冲8. v. ＆ n.调研，研究9. n. 大船，轮船10. adj. 特别的，不寻常的11. n. 底部，最下部12. n.瀑布13. n. 文明14. n. 方式，途径 pl. 15. n. 发展，壮大16. n. 沙漠，荒原17. adj.立方的18. n. 英里19. n.池塘，水坑
短语 Section A1. 平方千米2. 在尺寸上，在大小方面3. 世界上，地球上4. 低于海平面5. 在深海6. 深海动物7. 顺便说一下8. ...和...都，既...又...9. 母亲河10. 想尽一切办法11. 多大12. 立方米13. 在..顶端
二、单元重点、难点、考点精讲
Section A
【考点1】the Wonders of Nature
【解析】
1 wonder
做名词
①惊讶，惊奇，惊叹 不可数名
in wonder 惊奇地
a sense of wonder 好奇感
The children stared in wonder at the elephants . 孩子们惊奇地盯着大象。
②奇迹，奇观 ，奇事 可数名词
The Grand Canyon is one of the natural wonders of the world.
科罗拉多大峡谷是世界自然景观之一。
常见搭配：
No wonder.... 难怪，怪不得，不足为奇
He stayed up all night studying, so no wonder he looks tired.（他昨晚通宵学习，难怪他看起来很累。）
It is a wonder that +句子 令人惊奇的是，莫名其妙的是，难得的是
It's a wonder that no one was hurt in the accident.
（事故中没人受伤，这真是难得。）
做动词 过去式：wondered
想知道，想弄明白，琢磨
①. wonder+what, who, when, where, why, how 等疑问词引导的从句
I wonder what he's doing now.（我想知道他现在在做什么。）
I wonder who she is. 我想知道她是谁。
②.wonder + if / whether 从句，表示“想知道是否…”，常用于提出非常礼貌的请求或询问
I wonder if you can help me.（不知你能否帮我一下？）—— 礼貌的请求
He wondered whether she would come to the party.（他在想她是否会来参加派对。）
形容词形式：wonderful 令人愉快的，美好的，奇妙的
2 nature
①自然界，大自然 不可数名词
We need to protect the beauty of nature.（我们需要保护自然之美。）
②天性，本性，本质，基本特征
She has a very kind nature.（她生性善良。）
常见搭配：
by nature 天生地，本性地 against nature违背自然地；不道德地
【考点2】What is lowest place on earth？
【解析】
earth
①.地球，世界 ，不可数名词，以单数形式使用。。
指我们所居住的星球，首字母常大写
This is the most beautiful place on Earth.（这是地球上最美丽的地方。）
They returned safely to Earth.（他们安全返回了地球。）
②. 陆地，地面，大地，不可数名词，以单数形式使用。与天空（sky）或海洋（sea）相对。
I could feel the earth shake as the truck came closer. 卡车开近时候，我能感到地面震动。
③.土，泥，泥土，土壤 不可数名词
She filled the pot with earth and planted a flower.（她在花盆里装满土，种了一朵花。）
【考点3】Its surface is ....meters below sea level.
【解析】
1.surface
作名词，表面，表层
The leaf was floating on the surface of the water.（叶子漂浮在水面上。）
作动词，浮出水面，出现，显露
The submarine surfaced after a long mission.（潜艇在执行长时间任务后浮出了水面。）
2.below
作介词，
①在或到...下面
The fish are swimming below the surface of the water.（鱼正在水面下游动。）
② 表示数量、年龄、温度、标准等：低于...
The temperature is below zero today.（今天气温在零度以下。）
作副词，在下面；向下，低于
From the top of the mountain, we looked at the city below.（从山顶上，我们看着下方的城市。）
See the example below for more details.（更多细节请参见下方的例子。)
level
作名词，水平，标准，等级
The water in the river reached a high level after the rain.（雨后，河里的水达到了一个很高的水平。）
作动词，使平整，弄平
They need to level the ground before building the house.（在建房之前，他们需要平整土地。
作形容词，平的，平坦的，同水平的
Find a level spot to set up the tent.（找一个平坦的地方搭帐篷。）
【考点4】 Why people are researching the deep sea.
【解析】
research
作名词，不可数名词 研究，调查
Scientists are doing research on a new medicine.（科学家们正在对一种新药进行研究。）
常见搭配：
research into/on something（对...的研究）
His research on climate change is very important.（他关于气候变化的研究非常重要。）
carry out research（进行研究）
The team carried out detailed research.（这个团队进行了细致的研究。）
作动词，调查，研究 过去式：researched
She is researching Chinese history.（她正在研究中国历史。）
【考点5】 What is the bottom of deep sea like？
【解析】
1.What be ...like？……怎么样？” 或者 “……是个什么样子？
询问关于某人、某地或某物的描述、性质或特征。用三段对话体会一下：
①A: "You met my boss What's she like "（你见到我老板了？她人怎么样？
B: "She's very friendly and smart."（她非常友好而且聪明。）
②A: "What's your new school like "（你的新学校怎么样？）
B: "It's modern and the teachers are nice."（学校很现代化，老师们都很好。）【描述环境和感受】
③A: "You tried the sushi. What was it like "（你尝了寿司。味道怎么样？）
B: "It was delicious and very fresh."（很好吃，非常新鲜。）【描述味道】
2.bottom
作名词，底部，末端，末尾 反义词：top
Please sign your name at the bottom of the page.（请在页面底部签上你的名字。）
He was at the bottom of the class in math.（他的数学成绩是全班最后一名。）
作形容词，最底部的；最低的；最后的
The heavy books are on the bottom shelf.（那些沉重的书在最底下的架子上。）
$50 is our bottom price; we can't go any lower.（50美元是我们的最低价，不能再低了。）
【考点6】 The Yellow River is 5,464 kilometers long and is the second longest.
【解析】
表示物体的长，宽，高，深等的用法：
结构：基数词+表示单位的名词（meter，inch（英寸），foot（英尺）等）+（长，宽，高，深的）形容词（long，wide，high，deep等）
其中基数词大于1时表示单位的名词用复数形式。
two meters deep 2 米深 8,848 meters high 8,848米高
4,000 miles long 4000英里长
同义短语：基数词+表示单位的名词（meter，inch（英寸），foot（英尺）等）+in+（长，宽，高，深的）名词（length，width，height，depth）
10米宽 ten meters wide = ten meters in width
【考点7】Both the Nile and the Yellow River helped ancient civilizations to develop.
【解析】
1.both...and... 既……又……；……和……都
①连接两个名词
Both my sister and my brother are doctors.（我既姐姐又哥哥都是医生。）
【注意】当 "both... and..." 连接两个主语时，谓语动词必须使用复数形式。
Both the teacher and the student are here.（老师和学生都在这里。）
②连接两个动词
She both speaks and writes French fluently.（她法语既说得又写得都很流利。）
He both fixed my computer and installed new software.
③ 连接两个形容词
The movie was both exciting and moving.（这部电影既令人兴奋又感人。）
④. 连接两个介词短语
You can find this product both in stores and online.（你既在商店里又在网上都能找到这个产品。）
She is respected both by her colleagues and by her students.
⑤. 连接两个从句
I remember both what you said and how you said it.（我既记得你说了什么，也记得你是怎么说的。）
2 develop 做动词，过去式：developed
①成长，发展，壮大
Regular exercise helps you develop strength and endurance.
（定期锻炼有助于你增强力量和耐力。）
②开发，研制
They are developing a new software program.
（他们正在开发一个新的软件程序。）
③培养，养成（能力、习惯）
It's important to develop good eating habits early.
（尽早养成良好的饮食习惯很重要。）
④（开始）患病；出现（问题）
He developed a severe cough.（他得了严重的咳嗽。）
【拓展】
名词形式：development 发展，壮大
developing country / developed country发展中国家 / 发达国家
【考点8】We should protect them by all means.
【解析】
①means 可数名词 方式，方法，途径，单复数同形，即无论表示单数还是复数，词形都是 "means"。判断单复数需要通过上下文和谓语动词。
There is a means of contacting him. （存在一种联系他的方法。） -> 单数
There are various means of transportation. （有各种各样的交通方式。） -> 复数
②固定搭配：
by means of通过…方式，借助于…
He saved the child by means of a rope.（他借助一根绳子救了那个孩子。）
by all means 当然,可以,没问题，务必 ，想尽一切办法
"May I borrow your book " - "By all means!"（“我可以借你的书吗？” - “当然可以！”）
You should by all means visit the museum while you're here.
（你在这里的时候，务必要去参观那个博物馆。）
We must finish this project on time, by all means.（我们必须想尽一切办法按时完成这个项目。）
【考点9】Some blind animals can see as well as others.
【解析】
as well as 的用法：
1. 表示“和”、“也”、“以及”
用于连接两个并列的成分，但强调的重点在前面一个。
结构： A as well as B
翻译： 不仅B，而且A ； A和B都（但更强调A）
①连接两个名词：
My brother, as well as his friends, is going to the party.（我哥哥，以及他的朋友们，都要去参加派对。）-> 强调是“我哥哥”要去。
She studies Chinese as well as Japanese.（她不仅学日语，还学中文。）-> 强调她在学中文。
当 "as well as" 连接两个名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式必须与第一个主语（即A）保持一致，即主谓一致的就远原则。
The teacher, as well as the students, was invited.（那位老师，以及学生们，受到了邀请。）-> 主语核心是 "The teacher"（单数），所以动词用 "was"。
②连接两个动词：
He can play the piano as well as compose music.（他既会弹钢琴，也会作曲。）
③连接两个介词短语等：
We travel on weekends as well as during holidays.（我们不仅在假期旅行，也在周末旅行。）
2. 表示“和...一样好”
这是 "as...as" 比较结构，意思是“做得和...一样好”。
结构： verb + as well as + 比较对象
She speaks English as well as a native speaker.（她的英语说得和母语者一样好。）
【考点10】Visiting one of the world’s waterfalls was a magical experience.
【解析】
1.magical 形容词
①魔法的，有魔力的，用于巫术的
The sword has magical powers.（这把剑拥有魔法力量。）
②奇妙的，令人愉快的，美妙的
We spent a magical evening under the stars.（我们在星空下度过了一个美妙的夜晚。）
2.experience
作名词
①经历，体验 可数名词，指发生在某人身上的一件具体事情或一段具体的历程
She wrote a book about her experiences in Africa. 她写了一本书，讲述她在非洲的经历
②经验，不可数名词，指通过长期实践获得的知识或技能
He has a lot of experience in computer programming.（他在计算机编程方面很有经验。）
作动词，经历，体验，感受 过去式: experienced
He experienced a lot of pain after the surgery.（手术后他经历了很多痛苦。）
三 单元语法聚焦
一 英语大数的表达
1.101-999的表达
用hundred表达，后面加and
102 one hundred and two
225: two hundred and twenty-five
888: eight hundred and eighty-eight
2.大数字 (1,000及以上)
读法规则：
从右向左，每三位一个逗号。读取时，从左到右，依次读出每个三位数，然后加上该段的单位（thousand千, million百万, billion 十亿等）。
9,883 nine thousand，eight hundred and eighty-three
65, 359 sixty-five thousand，three hundred and fifty-nine
265,468 two hundred and sixty-five thousand，four hundred and sixty-eight
60,263,150 sixty million，two hundred and six-three thousand，on hundred and fifty
1, 001: one thousand and one
12, 508: twelve thousand, five hundred and eight
1, 900, 300: one million, nine hundred thousand, three hundred
305, 806, 417: three hundred and five million, eight hundred and six thousand, four hundred and seventeen
二.形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
大部分形容词和副词有三个等级，即：原级（原形），比较级，最高级
两者之间的比较，表示更.......， 用
三者或三者以上的人或物的比较表示最........，用
（一）比较等级的构成
1 规则变化如下：
（1）单音节和部分双音节,后缀比较级加： 最高级加：
① 单音节及部分双音节直接在词尾加-er 和-est
tall- fast-
②不发音的原e结尾，则只加-r或-st
fine nice
③若原级以辅音字母+y结尾，将y变i，再加-er和-est构成比较级和最高级
dry happy
④若原级以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母，则双写这个辅音字母后加-er和-est构成比较级和最高级
big- thin-
（2）多音节和部分双音节词通过在其前加more和most构成比较级和最高级
difficult quickly
3 形容词和副词比较等级的不规则变化
常见的不规则变化
原级 比较级 最高级
good
well
bad
badly
ill
much
many
little
far
old
二 比较等级的用法：
1.作比较时使用原形的句型：
①表示倍数：倍数 + as + 原级 + as 或 倍数 + 比较级 + than
This room is twice as large as that one.
This room is twice larger than that one. (这两句意思基本相同：这个房间是那个的两倍大。)
②“as + 原级 + as” 表示同级比较，“和……一样”
She is as tall as her mother. (她和她妈妈一样高。)
其否定形式为 “not as/so + 原级 + as”，表示“不如……”
He is not as/so diligent as you. (他不如你勤奋。)
2.比较级的使用：
（1）.核心句型：
表示两者比较时，常用than比较，句型：A + 动词 + 比较级 + than + B
He is ____(tall） than Tom.
Lily jumps ____(high）than Tina.
为了避免重复，常用代词替代前面出现过的名词。
我的电脑比你的（电脑）新。 → My computer is newer than yours. (= your computer)
（2 ）.比较级的特殊用法和重要结构
①可以修饰比较级的词：much，a lot，a little，a bit ，even，still，far等表示程度的词语修饰，用于加强语气。
记忆口诀：两多（much，a lot） 两少（a little，a bit ） 两甚至（even，still） 还有一个远（far）去了
Jack does his homework _____ ________ ______（carefully）( 仔细的多）than before.
You look ____ ____ ____(thin）than last year （稍微点瘦）
②表示大几岁，长几米之类的比较时，用“数量词+比较级+than”
I am ___ ____ ____ (old) than my brother.
③比较级+and+比较级 表示 越来越...
Our country is becoming ____________(越来越美丽）
He runs ____ and____ (越来越快）
④the+比较级，the+比较级 表示：越.....就越....
The more vegetables you eat，the healthier you will be
The ______ your work，the________grades you will get.
⑤the +比较级+of+the two 表示两者中比较...的
The blue sweater is the ____(cheap）of the two
⑥“no + 比较级 + than” 与 “not + 比较级 + than”
He is no richer than me. (他不比我富。)【暗示两人都穷】
He is not richer than me. (他不比我富。)【只是客观比较，无暗示】
⑦比较级+than+any other+单数名词 表示比任何其他的....都.....
Tom is _____（tall）than any other___(boy） in his class.
Danny speaks English ____(well）than any other ____(man）in his company.
⑧ 比较级可以用于选择疑问句，其句型为
Which/Who+比较级，A or B
Which is ___(big), the sun or the moon
Who is ____(tall），Tom or Mike？
3.最高级的用法：
表示三者及以上人或物进行比较时用最高级
（1）常见句型结构：
①．主语 + 动词 + the + 最高级 + (名词)级+in/of + 范围”。
The picture is the best of all. 这幅画是所有画中最好的。
She is the most beautiful girl in the class. 她是班上最美的女孩。
②主语 + 动词 + one of the + 最高级 + 复数名词 + 范围，表示“是其中最……的之一”。
Paris is one of the most beautiful cities in the world. (巴黎是世界上最美的城市之一。)
③表示在三者及以上之间选择，用“which/who is the+最高级，A, B or C？”。
Who is the tallest, Tom, Kate or Bill 汤姆、凯特、比尔，谁最高？
最高级的使用注意事项：
（1）形容词副词的最高级的前面要加the，副词最高级前面的the可省略。
省略the 的情形：
①在副词最高级前，the 常常可以省略。
Who can run (the) fastest (谁跑得最快？)
She works (the) hardest. (她工作最努力。)
②当形容词最高级前有物主代词或名词所有格时，不再用 the。
my best friend (我最好的朋友)
today's hottest news (今天最热的新闻)
③当形容词最高级作表语，不表示比较，而表示“非常、极其”时，常省略 the。
The view from the top is most beautiful. (从山顶看去的景色美极了。)
She was most kind to me. (她对我非常好。
（2）最高级可被序数词如second, third 等修饰
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. (黄河是中国第二长的河流。)
This is the third most popular song this year. (这是今年第三受欢迎的歌曲。)
（3）最高级与比较级的转换
最高级句型和“比较级 + than any other...”或“否定词 + 比较级”句型可以互换，意思基本相同。
如：He is the tallest in his class.
He is taller than any other student in his class.
No one else in his class is taller than him.
过关检测
一.单项选择
1.The ________ of the Amazon River is about 100 meters on average, which makes it one of the deepest rivers in the world.
A. height B. width C. length D. depth
2.The Dead Sea is a famous ________ of the world, attracting millions of visitors from different countries every year.
A. wonderful B. wonder C. wondering D. wondered
3.When we visited the hospital, we saw a doctor trying to save a ______ bird that fell from the tree.
A. dying B. die C. dead D. death
4.The Amazon Rainforest, the "lungs of the earth", is becoming ________ among travelers who love nature and exploration.
A. popular and popular B. more and more popular
C. popularer and popularer D. the most and most popular
5. With the rapid ________ of AI, scientists are working hard to ________ even more powerful algorithms(算法）.
A. develop; development B. development; develop
C. developing; development D. development; developing
6. ---Oh, it was fantastic! Lily danced so well.
---Well, I think Kate danced ____ than Lily.
A. well B. better C. best D good
7.---As middle school students, we should study hard for the future.
---I think so.______ we study now, ___ future we’ll have.
A. The hard; the good B. The harder; the better
C. The hardest ; the best. D The hard; the better
8.The farmer added some ______ to the flower pots to help the plants grow better.
A. earth B. ground C. earths D. land
9.Using word cards is an important ______ for students to memorize new words.
A. mean B. meaning C. meant D. means
10--- What did you think of Huangguoshu Waterfall
--- ! One of the most powerful natural sights I've ever seen.
A.Oh, that’s right B.Wow, that’s amazing C.Well, it’s OK D.Hmm, it’s strange
二 单词填空
1.On a hot summer day, the children love to swim in the outdoor ________（水池，池塘）
2.After running two ________（英里）, I felt very tired but happy
3. It's easy to get lost in a ________ （沙漠）because everything looks the same.
4.Please write your name at the ________ （底部）of the page
5.She has an ________（不同寻常的） talent for learning foreign languages.
6.The scientists are doing important ________ （研究）on the causes of cancer.
7.The d________ of the lake is over 50 meters, so it's very dangerous to swim here.
8.You need to improve your English ________ （水平）to pass the exam.
9.His test scores are b______ （低于)average, so he needs to study harder.
10.The ________ (表面，表层）of the moon is covered with craters and dust
三 .完形填空
The Snow Leopard
The snow leopard （雪豹）lives high in the mountains. It has a beautiful fur coat with spots, which helps it hide in the rocks. But now, this animal is ______ (1). People kill it, and its home is getting _____(3)than before. ______ , there are only about 4,000 left in the wild.
To help the snow leopards, rangers（护林员） walk through the mountains to protect them. They ______ (4) people who try to hurt animals. These rangers also use cameras to learn about the leopards. Snow leopards are very shy and usually ______ (5) people when they can.
One ranger, Tenzin, said, "One day, I saw a mother leopard with her baby. It was a(n) ______ (6) moment that I will always remember." But he also worries that if we don't help, the snow leopards might ______ (7).
______ (8) the leopards are shy, scientists use new tools like drones （无人机）and GPS to study them. Protecting snow leopards also ______ (9)protecting the whole mountain, including the rivers and forests that other animals and people need.
The future of the snow leopard and our own future are ______ (10) connected. If they are safe, the mountains are healthy.
1.A. in trouble B. in time C. in line D. in fact
2.A small B big C better D smaller
3. A.Luckily B. Sadly C. Finally D. Happily
4.A. look for B. wait for C. ask for D. care for
5.A. avoid B. follow C. meet D. thank
6.A. ordinary B. special C. boring D. terrible
7.A. appear B. disappear C. increase D. return
8.A. Because B. If C.Although D. So
9.A. mean B. means C. meaning D. meant
10.A. slowly B. loosely C. closely D. rarely
阅读理解
A
Cristina is a Portuguese(葡萄牙)student. She decided to improve her English during the summer holiday. So she took a two weeks’ summer course (课程) in the Embassy School, Oxford. Now let’s read about her experience.
It was a wonderful experience. The school was on one of the city’s most famous streets. The teachers were very nice and the classrooms were modern.
The Embassy School wasn’t a boarding school (寄宿学校), so I stayed with an English family during those two weeks. It was an excellent opportunity to practice my English. They couldn’t speak Portuguese,I tried my best to communicate with them in English. They lived in a beautiful house. I loved staying with them because they were very friendly. Every morning, I took the bus to school.
Classes started at 9 a.m. and finished at 4 p.m. We had three classes in the morning and two classes in the afternoon. I learned a lot and met classmates from all over the world. We also visited the most famous places of the country.
It was the best summer holiday I’ve ever had. My English got much better and I made a lot of new friends.
( ) 1. How long was Cristina’s summer course
A. One week. B. Two weeks. C. One month. D. Two months.
( ) 2. The underlined word “opportunity” in Paragraph 3 means “______” in Chinese.
A. 习惯 B. 灵感 C. 机会 D. 仪式
( ) 3. How did Cristina go to school every morning
By bus. B. By bike. C. By car. D. On foot.
( ) 4. How many classes did Cristina have every day
Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five.
( )5. What can we learn about Cristina
A.She lived in an old house.
B.She spoke Portuguese with her classmates.
C.She didn’t visit any famous places in England.
D.She thought her summer holiday was wonderful.
B
Sharks: Not Just Dangerous Animals
Many people think sharks are dangerous monsters from movies. But in fact, sharks are amazing fish that play a very important role in the health of our oceans.
There are over 500 different kinds of sharks. They come in all shapes and sizes. The whale shark （鲸鲨）is the biggest fish in the world. It can be as long as a school bus! But it eats only very small animals. On the other hand, the dwarf lantern shark is so small that it can fit in your hand.
Sharks are apex predators (顶级掠食者). This means they are at the top of the food chain. They help to keep the population of other fish healthy and in balance. By eating weak and sick fish, they stop diseases from spreading and make sure the ocean ecosystem stays strong.
Sadly, sharks are in great danger. People kill millions of sharks every year for their fins（鳍）. Shark fin soup is a famous and expensive dish in some cultures. This practice is threatening many shark species. Also, it is difficult for sharks to recover their population because they grow slowly and have very few babies.
Protecting sharks is protecting our oceans. Many countries are now creating laws to stop finning and protect sharks. When we understand sharks better, we will see that they are not just eating machines, but key to a healthy planet.
What is the main idea of this passage
A. Sharks are very dangerous to humans.
B. Sharks are important and need protection.
C. There are more than 500 kinds of sharks.
D. Shark fin soup is a popular dish.
7. According to the passage, why are sharks called "apex predators"
A. Because they are the biggest animals in the ocean.
B. Because they are at the top of the food chain.
C. Because they eat all kinds of fish.
D. Because they are dangerous to humans.
8. How do sharks help the ocean ecosystem
A. They make the water clean.
B. They eat weak and sick fish to keep the population healthy.
C. They have many babies to increase the fish population.
D. They are food for bigger whales.
9. The word "recover" in Paragraph 4 probably means ______.
A. get back B. give up C. look for D. go over
10. What is the biggest threat(威胁） to sharks mentioned in the passage
A. Ocean pollution.
B. Being killed by other big fish.
C. Losing their food.
D. Being killed for their fins.
参考答案
短语
1 square kilometer2 in size3 on earth4 below sea level5 in the deep sea6 deep-sea animals
6 by the way8 both...and...9 mother river10 by all means11 how big
12 cubic meter13 at the top of...
过关检测
一 单项选择
1-5CCCAB 6-10BBADB
二 单词填空
1. pool 2.miles 3.desert 4 bottom 5.unusual 6.research 7.depth 8.level 9 below 10 surface
三 完型填空
1-5 ADBAA 6-10BBABC
四 阅读理解
A 篇 1-5 BCADD
B 篇 6-10 BBBAD