十大词性学习任务单(含答案)-2026届高考英语二轮复习

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名称 十大词性学习任务单(含答案)-2026届高考英语二轮复习
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版本资源 人教版(2019)
科目 英语
更新时间 2026-03-11 00:00:00

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一、名词
一、名词是什么
表示人、事物、地点、抽象概念的词。 student, book, China, love, time
二、名词分类
1. 专有名词:人名、地名、国家、节日、语言
Tom, China, Monday, English 特点:首字母大写
2. 普通名词 可数名词:可以数,有单复数 book → books
不可数名词:不能直接数,无复数water, milk, bread, news, advice
三、可数名词复数规则
1. 一般 +s book-books
2. s/x/sh/ch +es bus-buses, box-boxes, watch-watches
3. 辅音+y → y变i+es family-families
4. f/fe → 变v+es knife-knives, leaf-leaves
5. 不规则 man-men, woman-women, child-children, foot-feet
四、不可数名词考点 不能加 a/an,不能加s、不能直接用数字要用量词:a cup of tea
五、名词所有格(……的)
1. 单数名词 +’s Tom’s book 汤姆的书 2. 复数以s结尾 +’ the students’ classroom
3. 复数不以s结尾 +’s children’s books 4. 共同拥有:最后一个加’s Lucy and Lily’s room
5. 各自拥有:都加’s Lucy’s and Lily’s rooms
六、名词作定语 一般用单数 a shoe shop 鞋店 an apple tree 苹果树
七、 练习
1. There are many ______ (box) on the desk.
2. I have two ______ (knife).
3. This is ______ (Tom) bag.
4. They are ______ (woman teacher).
5. I want some ______ (water).
6. September is the ninth ______ (month) of the year.
7. These are my ______ (parent).
8. There are five ______ (child) in the park.
9. This is ______ (Lucy and Lily) bedroom. They share it.
10. I need three ______ (piece) of bread.
答案:
1. boxes box 以 x 结尾,复数加 es
2. knives knife 把 fe 变 v 再加 es
3. Tom's 名词所有格:汤姆的包
4. women teachers 两个词都要变复数:woman → women,teacher → teachers
5. water 不可数名词,不变复数
6. month 第九个月,用单数
7. parents 父母是两个人,用复数
8. children child 不规则复数:child → children
9. Lucy and Lily's 两人共用一间卧室,只在最后加 ’s
10. pieces piece 是可数名词,three 后面用复数
二、代词
代词 = 代替名词的词,避免重复。
一、人称代词(主格 vs 宾格)
1. 主格(作主语,在动词前) I, you, he, she, it, we, they
2. 宾格(作宾语,在动词 / 介词后) me, you, him, her, it, us, them
二、物主代词(形物代 vs 名物代)
1. 形容词性物主代词(后面必须加名词)my, your, his, her, its, our, their
2. 名词性物主代词(后面不加名词,单独用)mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs
三、反身代词(自己)
myself 我自己 yourself 你自己 himself他自己 herself她自己 itself 它自己
ourselves 我们自己 yourselves 你们自己 themselves 他们自己
四、指示代词
this 这 that 那 these 这些 those 那些 This is a pen. Those are books.
五、不定代词1. some & any some 肯定句 / 表请求建议的疑问句 any 否定句 / 一般疑问句
2. many & much many + 可数名词复数 much + 不可数名词
3. both & all both 两者都 all 三者或以上都
4. either & neither either 两者中任意一个 neither 两者都不
5. none 三者或以上 都不 6. one … the other(两个里面)一个……另一个……
7. another(三者以上)另一个
六、相互代词 each other 互相 one another 互相
七、疑问代词(用来提问)
who 谁(主格) whom 谁(宾格) whose 谁的 what 什么 which 哪一个
八、关系代词(定语从句用 who, whom, whose, which, that 用来引导从句,代替前面的名词。
九、练习
1. This is not my pen. ______ is black. (I)
2. ______ (We) teacher is very kind.
3. Help ______ (you) to some fish, children.
4. She taught ______ (she) English when she was young.
5. The book is ______ (Tom).
6. ______ (Who) is that man under the tree
7. I have two brothers. One is a doctor, ______ is a teacher. (other)
8. There is ______ (some) water in the bottle.
9. ______ (Both / All) of my parents are teachers.
10. This bag is not mine. It’s ______ (her).
答案
1. Mine后面没有名词,用名词性物主代词。
2. Our后面有名词 teacher,用形容词性物主代词。
3. yourselves children 是复数,help yourselves to… 随便吃。
4. herself teach oneself 自学。
5. Tom’s 名词所有格,表示“汤姆的”。
6. Who 对人提问,作主语用 Who。
7. the other one… the other… 一个……另一个……(两者)。
8. some water 不可数,肯定句用 some。
9. Both parents 父母是两个人,用 both。
10. hers 后面没有名词,用名词性物主代词。
三、介词
一、介词是什么 :介词 = 表示「关系」的词
表示:时间、地点、方向、方式、原因、所属等。
常见:in / on / at / by / with / for / to / from / of
二、时间介词
1. at + 具体时刻、年龄、节日
at 6:00 at noon/night at the age of 12 at Christmas
2. on + 具体某一天、星期、节日(有 day)
on Monday on June 1st on a cold morning on Teachers’ Day
3. in + 年、月、季节、上午下午晚上in 2025 in May in spring in the morning/afternoon/evening
4. 其他时间介词 for + 一段时间 for 3 years since + 时间点 since 2020
before/after 在…之前/之后from…to… 从…到…
三、地点/方位介词
1. at + 小地点at the bus stop, at home
2. in + 大地点、里面in Beijing, in the room
3. on + 在…上面(有接触面)on the desk, on the wall
4. 其他方位 under 在…正下方 behind 在…后面 between 在两者之间 among 在三者/以上之间 next to 紧挨着 near 在附近across 横穿(表面)through 穿过(内部)
四、方式/手段介词
1.by + 交通工具 / 方法 by bus by bike by email by working hard
2. with + 工具、身体部位、伴随 write with a pen see with eyes play with friends
3. in + 语言、材料、颜色 in English in red in paper
五、做题口诀
时刻年龄用at具体某天要用on年月季节要用 in
交通工具多用 by有形工具用 with语言颜色用 in
五、练习
1. My birthday is ______ June 2nd.
2. We have English ______ the morning.
3. They get up ______ 6:30 every morning.
4. I usually go to school ______ bus.
5. She writes ______ a pen.
6. There is a map ______ the wall.
7. What’s this ______ English
8. Thank you ______ your help.
9. He is good ______ playing basketball.
10. I’ll wait ______ you at the school gate.
答案
1. on(具体日期用 on)
2. in(泛指上午、下午、晚上用 in)
3. at(具体时刻用 at)
4. by(by + 交通工具)
5. with(with + 具体工具)
6. on(地图贴在墙上用 on)
7. in(in + 语言)
8. for(thank you for…)
9. at(be good at…)
10. for(wait for…)
四、动词
一、动词是什么 表示动作、状态、心理活动的词。
二、动词的分类
1. 实义动词(有实际意思)
① 及物动词 vt.(后面必须+宾语)love you open the door
② 不及物动词 vi.(后面不能直接+宾语,要加介词)listen to music look at me
2. 系动词(后+形容词/名词)
① be 动词:am, is, are, was, were ② 感官动词:look, sound, smell, taste, feel
③ 变化类:become, get, turn, go ④ 保持类:keep, stay
3. 助动词(帮助构成时态/疑问/否定)
do, does, did be (am/is/are/was/were) have, has, had will, shall
4. 情态动词(后+动词原形)
can, may, must, should, will, would, could, might
无人称变化 后面必须加动词原形 否定直接加 not
三、动词的基本形式
1. 第三人称单数(主语是 he/she/it/单数)一般加 s:like → likes
辅音+y → y变i+es:study → studies
2. 过去式 & 过去分词
规则变化
一般加 ed:work → worked e 结尾加 d:live → lived
辅音+y → y变i+ed:study → studied
重读闭音节双写最后一个字母:stop → stopped
不规则
go → went → gone do → did → done eat → ate → eaten see → saw → seen
3. 现在分词(ing)一般加 ing:go → going 去 e 加 ing:write → writing
重读闭音节双写:run → running
四、动词时态(最核心)
1. 一般现在时 表经常、习惯、事实 I get up early.
2. 一般过去时 过去发生 I went to school yesterday.
3. 一般将来时 将要发生- will + 动原 be going to + 动原
4. 现在进行时 正在做 am/is/are + doing
5. 过去进行时 过去正在做 was/were + doing
6. 现在完成时 have/has + 过去分词
五、被动语态(be + 过去分词)
English is spoken all over the world. The bridge was built last year.
六、做题口诀
主语三单,动词加s 过去时间,动词变过去式 看到 will/can/must/should,后面用原形
看到 be动词,后面用doing 看到 have/has,后面用过去分词
七、练习
1. He often ______ (watch) TV in the evening.
2. They ______ (play) basketball yesterday.
3. Listen! Who ______ (sing) in the next room
4. My mother ______ (cook) now.
5. We ______ (go) to Beijing next week.
6. She can ______ (swim) very well.
7. He wants ______ (be) a doctor.
8. I enjoy ______ (read) books.
9. They ______ (visit) the Great Wall already.
10. It ______ (rain) last Sunday.
答案
1. watches一般现在时,主语 he 三单,以 ch 结尾加 es。
2. played有 yesterday,用一般过去时。
3. is singing Listen! 是现在进行时标志:am/is/are + doing。
4. is cooking now 是现在进行时标志。
5. will go / are going next week 用一般将来时。
6. swim情态动词 can 后用动词原形。
7. to be want to do sth. 想要做某事。
8. reading enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事。
9. have visited already 是现在完成时标志:have/has + 过去分词。
10. rained last Sunday 用一般过去时。
五、冠词
冠词放在名词前,帮助说明名词含义。 一共只有 3 个:a / an / the
一、不定冠词 a / an 表示:一个、某一、泛指
1. a 和 an 的区别 a + 辅音音素开头(不是字母!是读音)
a pen, a book, a university, a useful book
an + 元音音素开头
an apple, an egg, an hour, an honest boy
口诀:看读音,不看字母!元音开头用 an,辅音开头用 a。
二、定冠词 the 表示:特指、这个、那个、这些、那些
1. 特指双方都知道的人或物 Open the door.
2. 第二次提到的人或物 I have a book. The book is new.
3. 独一无二的事物 the sun, the moon, the earth
4. 序数词、最高级前 the first, the best
5. 乐器前 play the piano, play the guitar
6. 姓氏复数前,表示一家人 the Greens 格林一家
7. 江河、海洋、群岛、山脉 the Yangtze River, the sea
三、零冠词(不用冠词)
以下情况 不加 a / an / the
1. 三餐前have breakfast / lunch / dinner
2. 球类、棋类前play basketball, play chess(注意:乐器要加 the!)
3. 人名、地名、国名前Tom, China, Beijing
4. 星期、月份、季节、节日on Monday, in May, in summer
5. 学科、语言English, math, music
6. by + 交通工具by bus, by bike, by car
四、考试最容易错的对比
1. play 球类 → 零冠词 play basketball 2. play 乐器 → 加 the play the piano
3. in the morning 固定搭配 4. on Monday 零冠词 5. a useful book(useful 读音辅音 → a)
6. an hour(hour 读音元音 → an)
五、练习
1. This is ______ orange.
2. He is ______ honest boy.
3. She has ______ new bike.
4. I can play ______ piano.
5. They often play ______ basketball.
6. ______ sun is bigger than the moon.
7. We have English class in ______ morning.
8. I usually have ______ breakfast at 7:00.
9. He is ______ tallest boy in our class.
10. She goes to school by ______ bus.
答案
1. an orange 以元音音素开头,用 an。
2. an honest 以元音音素开头,用 an。
3. a new 以辅音音素开头,用 a。
4. the 乐器前加 the。
5. /(零冠词)球类前不加冠词。
6. The世界上独一无二的事物前加 the。
7. the in the morning 固定搭配。
8. /(零冠词) 三餐前不加冠词。
9. the 形容词最高级前加 the。
10. /(零冠词) by + 交通工具,中间不加冠词。
六、连词
一、连词分类
1. 并列连词 :and和 but但是 or或者否则 so所以 for因为 both…and… 两者都
not only…but also… 不但…而且…either…or… 要么…要么…neither…nor… 既不…也不…
2. 从属连词(引导从句,如状语从句)
when / while / before / after / until 时间 because 原因 if / unless 条件
though / although 虽然 so…that… 如此……以至于……
二、并列连词
1. and 和;又;并且 2. but 但是(表转折,不能和 though/although 连用)
3. or 或者;否则 4. so 所以(不能和 because 连用)
三、成对连词
1. both A and B A和B都(谓语复数 - Both he and I are students.
2. not only A but also B 不但A而且B - Not only he but also I am a student.
3. either A or B 要么A要么B - Either you or he is wrong.
4. neither A nor B 既不A也不B - Neither he nor I like apples.
5. as well as - He as well as I likes English.
四、从属连词
1. 时间- when 当…时候 while 当…时候(常接进行时) before 在…之after 在…之后 2. 原因 because 因为 3. 条件 if 如果- unless 除非(=if…not)
4. 让步 though / although 虽然(不能和 but 连用) 5. 结果 so…that… 如此…以至于…
五、考试最易错 4 条
1. because 和 so 不能连用 2. though/although 和 but 不能连用
3. 祈使句 + and/or + 将来时 4. 就近原则:either/neither/not only… 就远原则:as well as
六、练习
1. I like apples, ______ I don't like bananas.
2. Get up early, ______ you'll be late for school.
3. He was ill, ______ he didn't go to school.
4. ______ you are right, ______ he is right. (Either…or… / Both…and…)
5. Not only he but also I ______ (be) going to the park.
6. Although he is old, ______ he works hard. (填 but 或 /)
7. I'll tell you ______ he comes back.
8. I won't go ______ you go, too.
9. It's ______ hot ______ I don't want to go out.
10. He as well as his parents ______ (like) swimming
答案
1. but表示转折:我喜欢苹果,但不喜欢香蕉。
2. or祈使句 + or + 将来时:否则。
3. so表示结果:所以。
4. Both; and谓语是 are,用 Both…and…(两者都)。
5. am not only…but also… 遵循就近原则,看 I,用 am。
6. /although 与 but 不能连用。
7. when当……时候。
8. if如果你也去,我就去。
9. so; that如此……以至于……。
10. likes as well as 遵循就远原则,看 he,用三单 likes。
七、数词
一、数词分类
1. 基数词:表示数量one, two, three…
2. 序数词:表示顺序(第几)first, second, third…
二、基数词
1 one 2 two 3 three 4 four 5five 6six 7seven 8eight 9nine 10ten 11eleven
12 twelve 13 thirteen 14 fourteen 15 fifteen 18 eighteen 20 twenty 30 thirty 40forty 50 fifty 80 eighty 90 ninety 100 a hundred 1000 a thousand 1,000,000 a million
2. 两位数21 twenty-one 35 thirty-five
3. 三位数- 123 one hundred and twenty-three 305 three hundred and five
4. 百/千/百万的规则 前面有具体数字,不加 s two hundred(√) two hundreds(×)
表示模糊数量:hundreds of / thousands of hundreds of students 数百名学生
三、序数词
1. 最常考不规则
1st first 2nd second 3rd third 5th fifth 8th eighth 9th ninth 12th twelfth 20th twentieth
2. 一般规律 一般 + th ve 变 f 再加 th 3.- ty 变 tie 再加 th
四、数词必考用法
1. 年龄- He is ten years old. - He is a ten-year-old boy.
2. 日期(月日/日月)- 6月1日June the first / the first of June日子必须用序数词
3. 编号Class Three / the third class Room 203 - Page 5
4. 世纪、年代 - in the 1990s 在20世纪90年代 - in the 1990’s
5. 分数)- 分子:基数词 - 分母:序数词 - 分子>1,分母加s
1/3 one third 2/3 two thirds 1/2 one half 1/4 one fourth / a quarter
6. 倍数- twice 两倍 - three times 三倍
五、练习
1. There are ______ (五) people in my family.
2. He is ______ (十二) years old.
3. Today is his ______ (二十) birthday.
4. There are ______ (百) of trees in the park.
5. Two ______ (三) of the students are boys.
6. September is the ______ (九) month of the year.
7. My brother is a ______ (五岁的) boy.
8. There are ______ (千) of people in the street.
9. This is my ______ (第一) pen.
10. He lives on the ______ (四) floor.
答案
1. five表示数量,用基数词。
2. twelve年龄用基数词。
3. twentieth生日用序数词,表示“第几个生日”。
4. hundreds hundreds of 数百的,模糊数量加 s。
5. thirds分数:分子大于1,分母序数词加 s。
6. ninth第九,注意去 e 加 th。
7. five-year-old带连字符作定语,不加 s。
8. thousands thousands of 成千上万的。
9. first第一,不规则序数词。
10. fourth 住在第几楼,用序数词。
八、形容词
一、形容词是什么
表示人或事物的性质、状态、特征的词。……的 good好的 happy开心的 beautiful美丽的
二、形容词的 2 大用法
1. 放在名词前(作定语)a clever boy an interesting book
2. 放在系动词后(作表语)be / look / sound / smell / taste / feel / become / get
三、形容词的特殊位置
不定代词 + 形容词(形容词后置)something good anything important nothing interesting
四、形容词的分类
1. 品质形容词:good, bad, new, old 2. 大小:big, small, large 3. 长短高低:long, short, tall, high
4. 形状:round, square 5. 年龄:young, old 6. 颜色:red, blue, green
7. 国籍/产地:Chinese, American 8. 材料:wooden, glass
五、多个形容词修饰名词的顺序
限 观 形 龄 色 国 材
1. 限定词(the, a, my, this) 2. 观点(good, beautiful)3. 形状(big, small, long)
4. 年龄(old, young)5. 颜色(red, black)6. 国籍(Chinese)7. 材料(wooden)
例:a beautiful big old red Chinese wooden desk一张漂亮的大的旧的红色的中式木桌
六、形容词的三级变化(原级、比较级、最高级)
1. 原级 原形:tall, good, happy句型:as + 原级 + as 和……一样 He is as tall as me.
2. 比较级(两者比较)句型:比较级 + than含义:更……
规则变化
1. 一般 + er tall → taller 2. 以 e 结尾 + r nice → nicer
3. 重读闭音节双写 + er big → bigger hot → hotter
4. 辅音 + y → 变 i + er happy → happier
5. 多音节词 + more beautiful → more beautiful
不规则good/well → better bad/ill → worse many/much → more little → less
3. 最高级(三者或以上)前面加 the 句型:the + 最高级 + in/of…
不规则:good → best bad → worst much → most little → least
七、比较级、最高级常用句型
1. 比较级 + and + 比较级 hotter and hotter 越来越热
2. The + 比较级,the + 比较级The more, the better. 越多越好。
3. the + 最高级 + 范围 the tallest boy in the class
八、练习
1. This is a ______ (sun) day today.
2. The story is very ______ (interest).
3. She is ______ (tall) than her sister.
4. This is the ______ (good) book I have ever read.
5. There is ______ (something important / important something) in today’s newspaper.
6. The movie is ______ (excited / exciting).
7. He is ______ (careful) than me.
8. It’s getting ______ and ______ (warm).
9. Shanghai is one of the ______ (big) cities in China.
10. The cake tastes ______ (good / well).
答案
1. sunny名词 sun 变形容词:sun → sunny。
2. interesting修饰事物用 -ing 形容词。
3. taller than 前面用比较级。
4. best the 后面用最高级,good 最高级是 best。
5. something important形容词修饰不定代词要后置。
6. exciting电影是事物,用 exciting;人作主语用 excited。
7. more careful careful 是多音节词,比较级加 more。
8. warmer; warmer比较级 + and + 比较级:越来越……
9. biggest one of + the + 最高级 + 名词复数。
10. good taste 是系动词,后面用形容词。
九、副词
一、副词是什么:用来修饰:动词、形容词、其他副词、全句 表示:……地
二、副词的分类
1. 时间副词:now, then, today, early, late 2. 地点副词:here, there, home, upstairs
3. 方式副词:quickly, slowly, well, fast 4. 程度副词:very, much, quite, too, so
5. 频度副词:always, usually, often, sometimes, never
三、形容词变副词
1. 一般直接 + ly slow → slowly real → really
2. 辅音字母 + y → 变 ily happy → happily easy → easily
3. 以 le 结尾 → 去 e + y simple → simply possible → possibly
4. 特殊(形副同形) fast → fast late → late early → early hard → hard
四、副词的位置
1. 修饰动词:一般放动词后 run fast speak slowly
2. 修饰形容词/副词:放前面 very good quite well
3. 频度副词:放be动词、助动词后,实义动词前He is often late. He often gets up late.
五、副词的三级变化(比较级、最高级)
1. 规则变化 一般加 er / est fast → faster → fastest
以 ly 结尾 → 加 more / most quickly → more quickly → most quickly
2. 不规则变化
well → better → best badly → worse → worst much → more → most little → less → least
六、原级、比较级、最高级句型
1. 原级 as + 副词原级 + as He runs as fast as me.
2. 比较级 副词比较级 + than He runs faster than I.
3. 最高级 (the) + 副词最高级 He runs (the) fastest in his class.
七、练习
1. He runs very ______ (fast).
2. She can speak English ______ (good).
3. Please listen to the teacher ______ (careful).
4. He works ______ (hard) than his brother.
5. Li Ming jumps ______ (high) in our class.
6. It is raining ______ (heavy) outside.
7. They are playing ______ (happy) in the park.
8. He gets up ______ (early) than me.
9. She sings ______ (well) in her class.
10. Please drive ______ (slow).
答案
1. fast fast 形副同形,直接用原形。
2. well修饰动词 speak 用副词 well。
3. carefully形容词 careful + ly 变副词。
4. harder than 前面用比较级,hard 比较级是 harder。
5. (the) highest全班范围用最高级。
6. heavily修饰动词 rain 用副词 heavily。
7. happily辅音 + y 变 ily。
8. earlier early 比较级是 earlier。
9. (the) best well 最高级是 best。
10. slowly形容词 slow + ly 变副词。
十、感叹词
感叹词(Interjections):表示情绪、语气的词,单独使用,不做句子成分。
一、常见感叹词 & 意思
1. oh 哦,啊(惊讶、后悔)2. ah 啊(明白、舒服)3. wow 哇(赞叹、惊奇)
4. oops 哎呀(失误、犯错) 5. ouch 哎哟(疼痛) 6. hey 嘿(打招呼、提醒)
7. hi / hello 你好8. goodbye / bye 再见 9. well 嗯,那么(语气转折)
10. dear 天啊(惊讶、遗憾) 11. alas 唉(书面,悲哀)
二、用法特点
1. 一般放句首,后面常用逗号Oh, I see. Wow, it’s nice!
2. 可单独成句 Ouch! Wow! 3. 不与句子语法连接,只加强语气。
三、练习
1. ______! I hurt my foot.
2. ______! You did a good job.
3. ______! I forgot my bag.
4. ______! That’s amazing.
5. ______! I understand now.
答案
1. Ouch
2. Well / Good
3. Oops
4. Wow
5. Oh