Unit 7 Role models of our time 知识清单(含解析)

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名称 Unit 7 Role models of our time 知识清单(含解析)
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Unit 7 Role models of our time
名词 :contribution 贡献;hero 英雄;pioneer 先锋 ;先驱 ;technology n. 科技;
engineering 工程学;education 教育;research 研究;调查 ;*mission 使命
honour 荣誉;名誉; public 百姓;民众;*approval 赞成;同意;
praise 赞扬 ;称赞 ;赞美;society 社会;smokejumper 空降消防员 ;tool 工具
动词: receive v. 拿到;接到;收到;award v. 授予;奖励 n. 奖 ;spend 花(时间);重点词汇 度过 ;achieve (凭长期努力)达到(某目标、地位、标准) ;found 建立;raise 增加;
提高;admire 钦佩;仰慕;inspire 激励;鼓舞;feed 养活;提供食物;kill 杀死;导致死亡;survive 生存;存活
形容词 :well - respected 受尊敬的;eager 热切的;渴望的;female 女的;女性的;regular通常的;平常的;thick 茂密的;certain 某个;特定的;dead 失去生命的;枯萎的;brave勇敢的;无畏的;tough 健壮的;坚韧不拔的;fit 健壮的;健康的;proud 骄傲的;
自豪的
Unit 7
副词 :otherwise 否则 ;不然
词汇派生:
contribute(v.贡献;捐献) →contribution(n.贡献;奉献)
devote(v.奉献;致力于)→①devoted(adj.热忱奉献的)②devotion(n.奉献;忠诚) achieve(v.实现 ;取得)→achievement(n.成就;成绩)
education(n. 教育)→ ①educational(adj.有教育意义的) ②educate(v.教育)
admire(v.崇拜;钦佩) →①admiration(n.钦佩;赞赏)②admirable(adj.令人钦佩的) society(n.社会)→ social(adj.社会的;社交的)
dead (adj.失去生命的)→①die(v. 死亡) ②death (n. 死亡)
survive (v.幸存,存活)→①survivor (n. 幸存者)② survival(n. 幸存)
found(v.建立(城镇或国家))→ founder(n.(组织、机构等的)创建者)
role model 楷模;行为榜样 in the field of 在 …… 领域
devote yourself to 献身;致力 college entrance examination 大学入学考试
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(
重点短

)lookup to 敬仰;钦佩 chief engineer 总工程师be able to 能够
hear of 听说
sugar pill 糖丸
put out 熄灭 ;扑灭
be proud of 为 …… 而自豪
stop...from doing 阻止 做某事
1.In 1999, he received the "Two Bombs and One Satellite" merit award.1999 年, 他获得了“两弹一星”优秀奖。
2.He studied engineering at Shanghai Jiao Tong University and then went to further his education in the USA.他在上海交通大学学习工程学,然后去美国深造。
(
典型句型
)3.After that, he spent many years teaching and doing research at universities in the USA.在那之后, 他在美国的大学里从事了多年的教学和研究工作。
4.However, he decided to return to China when he heard of the founding of the People's Republic of China.然而,当他听说中华人民共和国成立时, 他决定回国。
5.While in the USA, Qian achieved lots of success and he was a well-respected person in his field.在美国期间, 钱取得了很大的成功, 他在他的领域是一个受人尊敬的人。
6.He was eager to bring his knowledge and skills to his homeland and began planning his return. 他渴望将自己的知识和技能带到祖国, 并开始计划回国。
7.Qian devoted himself to his country, and his great work brought honour and success to China. 钱将自己奉献给了祖国, 他的伟大事业为中国带来了荣誉和成功。
8.Still, Qian lived a simple life and was not interested in fame or money. 尽管如此, 钱过着简朴的生活, 对名利不感兴趣。
9.If after I die the public feels I have made some contributions during my life, that approval would bethe highest praise of all. 如果我死后,百姓觉得我在生前做出了一些贡献, 这种认可将是最高赞誉。
10.Once we land, we race to put out the fire. 我们一着陆,就忙着灭火。
11.We use simple tools to clear away dead leaves and trees to stop fires from spreading.我们使用简单的工具清理枯叶和树木,以阻止火势蔓延。
(

法目

写作目

)12.However, I am very proud of what Ido.然而,我为我的工作感到非常自豪。感叹句和祈使句
Writing an article about someone you admire most 写一篇关于你最钦佩的人的文章
【考点 1】In 1999, he received the "Two Bombs and One Satellite" merit award.1999 年,他获得了“两弹一星”优秀奖。
【详解】① receive v. 收到;接到;拿到。
例句: She received an award for her hard work. 她因努力工作而获得了奖项。
I received a gift from my friend。 我收到了朋友送的礼物。
【拓展】辨析 receive 和 accept
② award :既可以作名词, 也可以作动词, 以下是详细介绍 :
A.作名词 :意为“奖 ;奖品;奖金;奖状”。常见搭配有“win an award(获得奖项)”“give an award(颁奖)” “an award ceremony(颁奖典礼)”等。
例:She won an award for her excellent performance in the play.(她因在剧中的出色表演而获奖。)
B.作动词 :意为“授予;奖励;判给”。常见用法有“award sb. sth.(授予某人某物)”, 也可以用“award sth. to sb. ”。例:In 1939, he was awarded a doctorate in aerospace engineering and mathematics.(P101)
1939 年, 他被授予航空航天工程和数学博士学位。
The committee awarded him the first prize.(委员会授予他一等奖。)
【典例】
1. Chinese writer Hai Ya won the Hugo Award for Best Novelette ________ his work The Space-Time Painter.
A. for B. as C. of D. to
2. I________ an invitation to the party, but I didn’t ________ it because I was busy.
A. received; accept B. received; receive C. accepted; accept D. accepted; receive
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【考点 2】 He studied engineering at Shanghai Jiao Tong University and then went to further his education in the USA.他在上海交通大学学习工程学,然后去美国深造。
【详解】①engineering n. 工程学 → engineer n. 工程师
② education n. 教育 → educate v. 教育 → educator n.教师 ;教育家
→educational adj. 具有教育意义的
【拓展】further one’s education 进一步深造; further 在这里作动词,意为 “增进 ;促进 ”。
例句:Lots of students dream of furthering their education abroad.许多学生梦想着到国外继续深造。
【典例】1.他选择出国深造。
He chooses to go abroad to —— —— .
【考点 3】After that, he spent many years teaching and doing research at universities in the USA.在那之后, 他在美国的大学里从事了多年的教学和研究工作。
【详解】① spend v. 花费 (spent 过去式;spent 过去分词)
spend...doing sth. 花(时间)做某事
例:Yesterday I spent an hour doing homework.昨天我花了一个小时做作业。
② do research 做研究(注意:research 表示“研究;探索 ”这一抽象概念时,是不可数的。) 【拓展】四大花费用法辨析(cost、spend、pay、take)
【典例】用所给词(spend, take, cost, pay)的正确形式填空。
1. Tom —— $200 for the coat yesterday.
2. He —— much time on his homework last night.
3. It —— us an hour to finish the work last Monday.
4. Does your son —— an hour doing his homework after school
5. The bike —— me 200 yuan and it was cheap.
6. —It ________ me 15 minutes to listen to English every morning.
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—That’s good. It’s necessary for you to ________ some time improving your English.
A. cost; take B. spends; take C. takes; spend D. take; spend
【考点 4】However, he decided to return to China when he heard of the founding of the People's Republic of China.然而,当他听说中华人民共和国成立时, 他决定回国。
【详解 1】hear of 听说 ;得悉 (近义表达:hear about)
【拓展】hear from sb.(收到某人的来信)
【详解 2】found v. 建立 → founded (过去式) → founded (过去分词) 【拓展】the founding of ... 的建立 be founded 被建立
例句:The People's Republic of China was founded in 1949. 中华人民共和国是在 1949 年建立的。
We are excited about the founding ofthe Art Club. 我们对艺术俱乐部的成立感到兴奋。 【典例】
1.听说了免费午餐活动后,我们计划每周买五十盒牛奶给这个学校。
After —— —— the Free Lunch Activity, we planned to buy fifty cartons of milk a week for this school.
2. The People’s Republic of China was —— (found)on 1st October, 1949.
【考点 5】While in the USA, Qian achieved lots of success and he was a well-respected person in his field.在美国期间, 钱取得了很大的成功,他在他的领域是一个受人尊敬的人。
【详解 1】achieve v. 达到;实现 →achievement n. 成就;功绩 ;实现
【拓展】achieve one's dream=realize one’s dream = make one’s dream come true 实现某人的梦想
achieved lots of success 获得巨大的成功
【详解 2】well-respected adj. 受尊敬的(respected 是 respect 的过去分词,意为受尊敬的),类似的表达还有 well-dressed (adj. 穿着入时的;穿着考究的) ;well-known(adj.知名的,著名的) 等。
【详解 3】field :n.领域;还有“ 田地;运动场 ;战场 ”的意思。
【拓展】 in the field of... 在 领域 in the field 在田野里;在野外
【典例】1.为了实现你的梦想,你必须比以往更加努力。
In order to —— , you must work harder than ever.
2.High-speed trains are seen as one of the greatest —— (achieve)of China.
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【考点 6】He was eager to bring his knowledge and skills to his homeland and began planning his return.他渴望将自己的知识和技能带到祖国,并开始计划回国。
【详解 1】eager 是形容词,意为 “渴望的;热切的 ”;
be eager to do sth. 渴望做某事 be eager for sth. 渴望某事(物)
例句:Tom is eager to travel around the world. 汤姆渴望环游世界。
【详解 2】begin doing sth. =begin to do 开始做某事【典例】
1.她渴望离开喧闹的城市,回归大自然。
She —— —— —— get away from the noisy city and back to nature.
2.—These children all study hard.
—You’re right. This is because they are all eager ________ knowledge.
A. for B. on C. at
【考点 7】Qian devoted himself to his country, and his great work brought honour and success to China.钱将自己奉献给了祖国, 他的伟大事业为中国带来了荣誉和成功。
【详解】devote oneself to 致力于;献身于。注意:此时“to ”是介词,后面加名词、代词、或 v-ing。
【拓展】devote sth. to... 把(时间、金钱、生命等)奉献给......
例句:She devoted herself to helping the poor. 她致力于帮助穷人。
He decided to devote his life to helping others. 他决定将一生奉献于帮助他人。
He devoted five years to researching the effects of climate change. 他奉献 5 年时间研究气候变化的影响。 【典例】
1.The scientists like Yuan Longping and Qian Xuesen devoted their lives ______ for our country.
A. to working B. to work C. for working D. working
2.张桂梅致力于改善贫困女孩的教育。
Zhang Guimei —— —— —— improving poor girls’ education.
【考点 8】Still, Qian lived a simple life and was not interested in fame or money. 尽管如此, 钱过着简
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朴的生活, 对名利不感兴趣。
【详解 1】live a ... life 过着……生活
例如:live a happy/ better/ hard life 过幸福的/ 更好的/ 艰苦的生活【详解 2】 be interested in 对 …… 感兴趣
【拓展】interest n. 兴趣 v. 使感兴趣 →①interested adj.感兴趣的 ② interesting adj. 有趣的
一言辨析: He is interested in the interesting story. 他对这个有趣的故事很感兴趣。 【典例】
1.我们应该通过吃健康食物和锻炼来过健康的生活。
by eating good food and exercising.
2.他对历史感兴趣, 经常参观博物馆。
3.戴维对科学很感兴趣, 他去年在学校加入了科学俱乐部。
David —— so —— —— science he joined the Science Club at school last year.
4.What ________ me most is its ________ sights.
A. interests; interested B. interests; interesting
C. interesting; interesting D. interested; interested
5. It’s such an ________ film that all the students are ________ in it.
A. interesting; interested B. interested; interesting
C. interesting;interesting D. interested; interested
【考点 9】If after I die the public feels I have made some contributions during my life, that approval would bethe highest praise of all. 如果我死后,百姓觉得我在生前做出了一些贡献, 这种认可将是最高赞誉。 【详解 1】public n. 百姓, 民众; adj. 公众的;公共的;公开场合的
【拓展】the public 公众, 民众 in public 公开地, 当众
注意:“the public”表示“公众,民众”,是集合名词,作主语时谓语动词的形式要根据具体语境来确定:
①把公众看作一个整体, 此时谓语动词用单数形式。
The public is concerned about the environmental issues.(公众关注环境问题。)
②强调公众中的个体成员,此时谓语动词用复数形式。
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The public have different opinions on this policy.(公众对这项政策有不同的看法。) 【详解 2】contributions n. 贡献 → contribute v. 贡献
【拓展】make a contribution to/ make contributions to.. 对 做出贡献
contribute to 有助于,促成;对…贡献
contribute...to... 把……贡献给…… ;为……做贡献
例句:①Every little bit helps. Even a small action can make a contribution to saving the planet.
积少成多, 即使一个小小的行动也能为拯救地球做出贡献。
②His hard work contributed to the success of the business.他的努力工作促成了生意的成功。
③He decided to contribute his savings to the charity to help those in need.他决定把自己的积蓄捐给慈善机构, 以帮助那些有需要的人。
【详解 3】praise n./ v. 称赞 ;赞扬
【拓展】praise sb. for sth. :因某事赞扬某人。 in praise of :歌颂 ;为赞扬 ……
win high praise from sb. : 获得某人的高度赞扬
例句:The teacher praised him for his hard work. 老师因他努力学习而表扬了他。
He wrote apoem in praise of the natural beauty. 他写了一首诗赞美自然美景。
His book won high praise from the public.他的书赢得了公众的高度赞扬。 【典例】
1.我们应该为保护环境做贡献。
We should —— —— protecting the environment.
2.She got a lot of —— (praise)for her excellent acting in a film.(用所给词的正确形式填空)
3.Li Hua was praised by the teacher ________ his honesty.
A. for B. by C. of D. with
4. —Peter always wins ________ praise from all the teachers and classmates, but he never shows off. —I agree. He is so modest (谦虚的).
A. low B. expensive C. cheap D. high
【考点 10】Once we land, we race to put out the fire. 我们一着陆,就忙着灭火。 【详解】put out : 扑灭
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【拓展】常考 put 相关的短语
put away 收拾;放妥;放弃
put on 上演;穿上,体重增加put down 放下;写下
put off 推迟 ;延期;脱掉
put … into 把 放入,表达;翻译put up 举起;竖起;张贴
【典例】
1.You’d better ______ your cigarette. It’s non----smoking area here.
A. put down B. put off C. put on D. put out
2. This is my new bedroom. I want to a picture on the wall.
A. put in B. put up C. put on D. put out
3. Mary and Alice are planning to _____ a drama on the Open Day.
A. put on B. put up C. put out D. put off
【考点 11】We use simple tools to clear away dead leaves and trees to stop fires from spreading.我们使用简单的工具清理枯叶和树木,以阻止火势蔓延。
【详解 1】dead :形容词,意为“死的;去世的” ; leaves 是 leaf 的复数形式。单词释义【拓展】die :动词,意为“死;去世;逝世”
death :名词,意为“死;死亡”例句:He died last year.他去年去世了。
I cried because my pet dog was dead.我哭了,因为我的宠物狗死了。
She was sad about her grandfather's death.她对她爷爷的去世难过不已。
【详解 2】stop sb. (from)doing sth. 阻止某人做某事= keep sb. from doing sth. =prevent sb.(from) doing sth.例句:The heavy rain stopped us (from) going on a picnic.大雨阻止了我们去野餐。
Parents should stop children (from) playing computer games for too long.
家长应该阻止孩子们长时间玩电脑游戏。
【典例】
1. At last, the poor old man was_____.But people didn't know the reason of his _____.
A. died. death B. dead, death C. dead, die D. death. dead
2.树木能阻止风把泥土吹走。(完成译句)
Trees can —— the wind —— blowing away the earth.
【考点 12】However, Iam very proud of what Ido.然而,我为我的工作感到非常自豪。 【详解】be proud of... 为... 而自豪
【拓展】proud 的名词是“pride ”。be proud of... 为... 而自豪= take pride in..., 后可加名词、代词、v-ing 或宾语从句。
例句:You should be proud of helping others.(你应该为帮助他人而感到自豪。)
I am proud of my country.(我为我的国家感到骄傲。) 【典例】
1. — Are you ________ of our school
— Of course. I take ________ in the beautiful environment and the study atmosphere (氛围).
A. pride; pride B. proud; pride C. pride; proud
2.作为一名中国人, 我为我们伟大的祖国感到自豪。
(



法:感

句和祈使句
)
一、祈使句
(一).祈使句的定义及句式特征:
定义 :祈使句是用来表示请求、命令、叮嘱、邀请、劝告或祝愿等的句子。它的特点是通常省略主语 you,以
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动词原形开头, 末尾可用句号或感叹号。祈使句没有疑问句的形式, 一般只有肯定和否定两种形式。
(
Go and wash your hands. (
表命

)
Be quite, please.

Please be q
uiet.
)(


求)
Be kind to your sister.
(表

告)
Watch your steps.
(表警
告)
No parking. (
表禁止
)
Best wishes! (
表祝愿)
)
(二)句型
肯定句 否定句
1.动词原形+其他 1.Don,t + 动词原形
① Come in, please ! ①Don’t believe him!
② Please open your books ! ②Don’t open the window.
③Put them away! ③Don’t put them away
2.Be+名词/形容词+其他 2.Don,t /Never +be+名词/形容词+其他
①Be quiet / quick! ①Don’t be careless!
②Be a good student! ②Don’t be a bad boy
③Be careful when crossing the street. ③Never do it again!
3.let sb. do sth 3.let sb. not do sth.
① Let him do it by himself. ① Let her not do that.
② Let me help you. ② Let her not hurt me!
③Let’s go to the park. ② Don’t let them go, please. 4.No+名词 / 动词 ing ① NO PHOTOS! ② No parking!
【注意】
① 在表达请求或劝告时,有时为了表示委婉的语气,可以在句首或句末please,但是如果 please 加在句末, 应用逗号将其与前面的部分隔开。
Sit down, please. Please look after the twins.
② 有时为了加强语气, 可以在动词前使用 do. Do be careful !一定要小心!
③ 有时为了强调对方, 也可加上主语 you,人名或 everybody, anybody 等不定代词。
You sweep the floor and I clean the window. Stand up, everybody.
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(三)祈使句的回答
祈使句的动作通常是表示将来发生的动作,所以回答祈使句时, 一般用 will 或 won’t。在回答具有否定意义的祈使句时,要注意两点:
1) Please remember to bring your homework here tomorrow. ---Yes, I will.
2) Don’t look out of the window. ---Sorry, I won’t..
(四)祈使句, and/or +结果, 可以转换为 if 从句。
Hurry up, or you will be late for school.快点, 否则你会迟到的。
=If you hurry up, you won’t be late for school.
=If you don’t hurry up, you will be late for school.
Study hard, and you will catch up with others. 努力学习,你就会赶上别人。
= If you study hard , you will catch up with others.
语法专题二、感叹句
(一) 感叹句的定义
表示喜、怒、乐等强烈感情时用感叹句。感叹句分为两种:一种以 what 引导, 一种以 how 引导。句尾用感叹号“ !”通常用感叹号。
例:What a clever boy he is ! 多么聪明的男孩啊!
例:How clever the boy is ! 这个男孩多聪明啊!
(二)感叹句的构成:
感叹部分 + 陈述部分 !
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How +形容词/ 副词
What + (a\ an)+形容词 + 名词
主语+谓语
【注意】
1)what 与 how 引导的感叹句可以相互转换, 转换后意义不变。
2)在口语中,感叹句的主语和谓语常常省略。How silly (you are) !
(三)句型
(
What

what




或名



What+ (a/an)+
(形容


+


+
(主

+
谓语
)!
1) What +a(an) +
(形容


+

数可数名

+


+
谓语

What
an
apple
this is!
What
a
fine
day
it
is!
)
(
2) What+(
形容

)+
可数名

复数
/
不可数名

+


+
谓语

What
beautiful
fl
owers
they are!
What
fine
weather
it
is!
【注意】
1)
但有些不可数名

,如
rain, surprise, breakfast, lunch
等,
当前面有形容




使抽象名

具体化



要用
what a / an

如:
What a heavy rain it is!
多大的一

雨啊!
What a great surprise it is!

多么令人惊奇啊!
What a rich breakfast it is!
多么丰盛的一

早餐啊!
2)
常考的不可数名


food , work , weather , fun
,
music
, information
,
news
,
advice
)
(
How

how


形容

或副

How +
形容

/


+
(主

+
谓语
)!
1)How+
形容

/


+


+
谓语

How kind
you
are!
How beautifully
you sing!
2)How +


+
谓语

How
I missed you!
【注意】
要修



的形容

不能是表数量的
many

much

little

few

遇此情况要用
how

即使它

后面跟有名


How
many
bookshe
has
! 他的

真多!
How
much
money
he
gave
her
! 他

了她好多

呀!
How little money I have
! 我的

多么少呀!
How few friends he has
! 他的朋友真少!



What a little box it is
! 多小巧的盒子呀
!(

little
不表示数量)
)
【典例】
一、单项选择
1. Don’t ________ in the classroom. It’s not polite.
A. talk loudly B. talks loudly C. talking loudly D. to talk loudly
2. ________ carefully, Mike! There’s a school ahead.
A. Drive B. To drive C. Drove D. Driving
3. _________ call me Wangwang! It’s my dog’s name!
第13页,共18页
A. Not B. No C. Don’t D. Doesn’t
4. Let’s go and ________ the new baby elephant!
A. seeing B. see C. saw D. to see
5. Please ________ your homework first after school.
A. do B. does C. did D. doing
6. Don’t ________ in the hallways. It’s dangerous.
A. run B. running C. to run D. runs
7. —________ cold day!
—Yes, it is. You should wear more clothes.
A. What a B. What C. How D. How a
8. —Look! Trees are green and flowers are everywhere.
— ________ beautiful place it is!
A. How a B. What C. What a D. How
9. —_________ exciting news! We will have a two-month holiday after the final exam.
A. What an B. How an C. What D. How
10. ________ bad weather it is! We will have to stay at home.
A. How a B. How C. What D. What a
11. _________ we were having at the party!
A. What wonderful time B. How a wonderful time
C. How wonderful time D. What a wonderful time
12. ________ interesting this book is! I enjoy reading it very much.
A. How an B. What an C. How D. What
13. ________ wonderful the music is!
A. What B. How C. What a D. How a
14. ________ unforgettable the summer camp on Lucky Island is!
A. How B. What C. What a D. What an
15. ________ exciting it is for us to read comics! They are usually funny.
A. What an B. How C. What D. How an
第14页,共18页
二、完成句子
1.你昨天给了我多么有用的建议啊!
What you gave me yesterday!
2. The fox is a very clever animal.(改为感叹句) —— —— clever animal the fox is!
3. Coco has made a delicious meal for her family. (改为感叹句) —— —— delicious meal Coco has made for her family!
4. The movie was very exciting.(改为感叹句) —— —— exciting movie it was!
5. 全红婵是一位多么了不起的跳水运动员啊!
—— —— great diver Quan Hongchan is!
6. Bob was very excited to see such a big whale.(改为感叹句)
—— —— Bob was to see such a big whale! 7. 时间过得真快啊!
—— —— the time passed!
8. The ocean is very large. (改为感叹句) —— —— the ocean is!
9. The pandas are so lovely. (改为感叹句) —— —— the pandas are!
10. The monkeys are very lovely. (改为感叹句) —— —— the monkeys are!
11. 他真是一个成功的人啊! —— —— he is!
12. 多么优美的乐曲啊!
—— —— the music is!
第15页,共18页
书面表达一 :
“榜样是看得见的哲理。” 假设你的学校正在举办一场主题为 “The Most Respectable PersoninMy Heart”的英语演讲比赛, 请你需要根据以下要点提示准备一篇演讲稿,介绍一位你认为最可敬的人:
1. Who is he/ she What does he/ she do
2. What makes him/ her respectable
3. How has he/ she inspired you
要求:
(1) 涵盖以上要点, 可适当增加细节, 字数不少于 80 词 (已给出内容不计入词数) ;
(2) 条理清晰、语义连贯、语句通顺、标点正确、书写工整、卷面整洁;
(3) 不得出现真实个人信息。
Word bankadj.
dedicated(奉献的) perseverant(坚持不懈的) selfless(无私的)
v.
inspire(激励) encourage(鼓励)
Phrases
role model(榜样) overcome difficulties(克服困难) look up to(尊
敬)
pursue dreams(追求梦想) take action(采取行动)
Good morning, everyone! Today, I would like to share with you the most inspiring person in my heart.
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That’s all. Thank you for listening!
书面表达二:
请你根据下面的提示, 以“The person I admire the most”为题,用英语写一篇 80 词左右的短文, 介绍一下诺贝尔文学奖的获得者——莫言。
●1955年出生于山东高密童年
●痴迷看书
●1976 年参军青年
●在部队曾担任图书管理员,期间阅读了大量书籍
●1981年在杂志上发表第一篇短篇小说
作家 ●1987 年, 他的小说《红高染》被改编成电影,深受赞誉
生涯 ●他获得过很多大奖, 2012 年获得诺贝尔文学奖
●迄今为止,他的小说被翻译成 40 多种语言, 举世闻名
要求:
1. 包含所有给出的信息;
2. 条理清楚, 语句通顺, 可适当发挥。
参考词汇 :
Army 军队 ;Red Sorghum 红高粱;short story 短篇小说The person I admire the most
____________________________________________________________________________________________
书面表达三:
在你的成长过程中, 一定有很多值得你敬佩的人,比如你的父母、老师和朋友。假如你是李华,学校
第17页,共18页
英语社团将举办“The person I admire”的演讲比赛, 请你从中选择一位,根据要点提示并做适当发挥,用英文写一篇介绍此人的演讲稿。
要点:
1.你最敬佩的人的基本状况;
2.你敬佩他/她的原因;
3.你的期望或者所思所悟。
注意:
1.词数 80—100 ;
2.请不要逐句翻译, 可适当发挥 ;
3.信中不能出现与本人相关信息;
4.文章的开头和结尾已为你写好,不计入总词数。
Hello, everyone! I’m Li Hua. The person I admire most is
That’s all. Thanks for listening.
第18页,共18页Unit 7 Role models of our time
名词 :contribution 贡献;hero 英雄;pioneer 先锋 ;先驱 ;technology n. 科技;
engineering 工程学;education 教育;research 研究;调查 ;*mission 使命
honour 荣誉;名誉; public 百姓;民众;*approval 赞成;同意;
praise 赞扬 ;称赞 ;赞美;society 社会;smokejumper 空降消防员 ;tool 工具
动词: receive v. 拿到;接到;收到;award v. 授予;奖励 n. 奖 ;spend 花(时间);重点词汇 度过 ;achieve (凭长期努力)达到(某目标、地位、标准) ;found 建立;raise 增加;
提高;admire 钦佩;仰慕;inspire 激励;鼓舞;feed 养活;提供食物;kill 杀死;导致死亡;survive 生存;存活
形容词 :well - respected 受尊敬的;eager 热切的;渴望的;female 女的;女性的;regular通常的;平常的;thick 茂密的;certain 某个;特定的;dead 失去生命的;枯萎的;brave勇敢的;无畏的;tough 健壮的;坚韧不拔的;fit 健壮的;健康的;proud 骄傲的;
自豪的
Unit 7
副词 :otherwise 否则 ;不然
词汇派生:
contribute(v.贡献;捐献) →contribution(n.贡献;奉献)
devote(v.奉献;致力于)→①devoted(adj.热忱奉献的)②devotion(n.奉献;忠诚) achieve(v.实现 ;取得)→achievement(n.成就;成绩)
education(n. 教育)→ ①educational(adj.有教育意义的) ②educate(v.教育)
admire(v.崇拜;钦佩) →①admiration(n.钦佩;赞赏)②admirable(adj.令人钦佩的) society(n.社会)→ social(adj.社会的;社交的)
dead (adj.失去生命的)→①die(v. 死亡) ②death (n. 死亡)
survive (v.幸存,存活)→①survivor (n. 幸存者)② survival(n. 幸存)
found(v.建立(城镇或国家))→ founder(n.(组织、机构等的)创建者)
role model 楷模;行为榜样 in the field of 在 …… 领域
devote yourself to 献身;致力 college entrance examination 大学入学考试
第1页,共28页
第2页,共28页
(
重点短

)lookup to 敬仰;钦佩 chief engineer 总工程师be able to 能够
hear of 听说
sugar pill 糖丸
put out 熄灭 ;扑灭
be proud of 为 …… 而自豪
stop...from doing 阻止 做某事
1.In 1999, he received the "Two Bombs and One Satellite" merit award.1999 年, 他获得了“两弹一星”优秀奖。
2.He studied engineering at Shanghai Jiao Tong University and then went to further his education in the USA.他在上海交通大学学习工程学,然后去美国深造。
(
典型句型
)3.After that, he spent many years teaching and doing research at universities in the USA.在那之后, 他在美国的大学里从事了多年的教学和研究工作。
4.However, he decided to return to China when he heard of the founding of the People's Republic of China.然而,当他听说中华人民共和国成立时, 他决定回国。
5.While in the USA, Qian achieved lots of success and he was a well-respected person in his field.在美国期间, 钱取得了很大的成功, 他在他的领域是一个受人尊敬的人。
6.He was eager to bring his knowledge and skills to his homeland and began planning his return. 他渴望将自己的知识和技能带到祖国, 并开始计划回国。
7.Qian devoted himself to his country, and his great work brought honour and success to China. 钱将自己奉献给了祖国, 他的伟大事业为中国带来了荣誉和成功。
8.Still, Qian lived a simple life and was not interested in fame or money. 尽管如此, 钱过着简朴的生活, 对名利不感兴趣。
9.If after I die the public feels I have made some contributions during my life, that approval would bethe highest praise of all. 如果我死后,百姓觉得我在生前做出了一些贡献, 这种认可将是最高赞誉。
10.Once we land, we race to put out the fire. 我们一着陆,就忙着灭火。
11.We use simple tools to clear away dead leaves and trees to stop fires from spreading.我们使用简单的工具清理枯叶和树木,以阻止火势蔓延。
(

法目

写作目

)12.However, I am very proud of what Ido.然而,我为我的工作感到非常自豪。感叹句和祈使句
Writing an article about someone you admire most 写一篇关于你最钦佩的人的文章
【考点 1】In 1999, he received the "Two Bombs and One Satellite" merit award.1999 年,他获得了“两弹一星”优秀奖。
【详解】① receive v. 收到;接到;拿到。
例句: She received an award for her hard work. 她因努力工作而获得了奖项。
I received a gift from my friend。 我收到了朋友送的礼物。
【拓展】辨析 receive 和 accept
② award :既可以作名词, 也可以作动词, 以下是详细介绍 :
A.作名词 :意为“奖 ;奖品;奖金;奖状”。常见搭配有“win an award(获得奖项)”“give an award(颁奖)” “an award ceremony(颁奖典礼)”等。
例:She won an award for her excellent performance in the play.(她因在剧中的出色表演而获奖。)
B.作动词 :意为“授予;奖励;判给”。常见用法有“award sb. sth.(授予某人某物)”, 也可以用“award sth. to sb. ”。例:In 1939, he was awarded a doctorate in aerospace engineering and mathematics.(P101)
1939 年, 他被授予航空航天工程和数学博士学位。
The committee awarded him the first prize.(委员会授予他一等奖。)
【典例】
1. Chinese writer Hai Ya won the Hugo Award for Best Novelette ________ his work The Space-Time Painter.
A. for B. as C. of D. to
【答案】A
【详解】句意:中国作家海漄凭借他的作品《时空画师》获得了雨果奖最佳中篇小说奖。
考查介词辨析。for 因为, 由于;as 作为 ;of 属于;to 朝。根据“his work The Space-Time Painter”可知,此处
是指海漄是因为他的作品《时空画师》而获奖的, 应用介词for 表示获奖的原因。故选 A。
第3页,共28页
2. I________ an invitation to the party, but I didn’t ________ it because I was busy.
A. received; accept B. received; receive C. accepted; accept D. accepted; receive
【答案】A
【详解】句意:我收到了聚会的邀请, 但是我没有接受,因为我很忙。
考查动词辨析。receive 是客观上的“接收”, “收到” ;accept 主观上的“接受”, 指从内心里愿意接受。第一空指的是“收到邀请”, 因此填 received ;第二空指的是“ 因为很忙,所以没有接受”,因此填 accept。故选 A。
【考点 2】 He studied engineering at Shanghai Jiao Tong University and then went to further his education in the USA.他在上海交通大学学习工程学,然后去美国深造。
【详解】①engineering n. 工程学 → engineer n. 工程师
② education n. 教育 → educate v. 教育 → educator n.教师 ;教育家
→educational adj. 具有教育意义的
【拓展】further one’s education 进一步深造; further 在这里作动词,意为 “增进 ;促进 ”。
例句:Lots of students dream of furthering their education abroad.许多学生梦想着到国外继续深造。
【典例】1.他选择出国深造。
He chooses to go abroad to —— —— .
【答案】 further his education
【详解】根据中英文对照可知, 此处缺少“深造”,further“促进,加深”,to 为不定式符号, 后跟动词原形, education “教育”,不可数名词。故填 further ;his;education。
【考点 3】After that, he spent many years teaching and doing research at universities in the USA.在那之后, 他在美国的大学里从事了多年的教学和研究工作。
【详解】① spend v. 花费 (spent 过去式;spent 过去分词)
spend...doing sth. 花(时间)做某事
例:Yesterday I spent an hour doing homework.昨天我花了一个小时做作业。
② do research 做研究(注意:research 表示“研究;探索 ”这一抽象概念时,是不可数的。) 【拓展】四大花费用法辨析(cost、spend、pay、take)
第4页,共28页
【典例】用所给词(spend, take, cost, pay)的正确形式填空。
1. Tom —— $200 for the coat yesterday.
2. He —— much time on his homework last night.
3. It —— us an hour to finish the work last Monday.
4. Does your son —— an hour doing his homework after school
5. The bike —— me 200 yuan and it was cheap.
【答案】1. paid 2. spent 3. took 4. spend 5. cost
【分析】1. 句意:汤姆昨天花了 200 美元买了这件外套。根据空格后“$200 for the coat”可知应使用pay,pay … for sth.买某物付了多少钱 ;由时间状语 yesterday 可知使用过去时, pay 的过去式是 paid, 故填 paid。
2. 句意:他昨晚花了很多时间在家庭作业上。根据空格后“much time on his homework”可知应使用 spend,
spend…on sth.花时间在 ……上;由时间状语 last night 可知使用过去时, spend 的过去式是 spent, 故填 spent。
3. 句意:上星期一我们花了一个小时才完成这项工作。根据“It…usan hour to finish the work”可知空格处填take, It takes sb.…todo sth. :某人花费多长时间做某事;由时间状语 last Monday 可知使用过去时, take 的过去式是 took,故填 took。
4. 句意:你儿子放学后花一个小时做作业吗?本句是一般疑问句, 根据句子开头 Does 可知空格处填动词原形;根据空格后“an hour doing his homework”可知应使用 spend,spend…doing sth.花费时间做某事;故填 spend。
5. 句意:这辆自行车花了我 200 元, 很便宜。根据“The bike…me 200 yuan”可知空格处填 cost,sth. costs (sb.) +金钱 :某物花了(某人) 多少钱。本句是 and 连接的并列句, 前后句子时态一致,由“and it was cheap”可知是一般过去时, cost 的过去式 cost ;故填 cost。
6. —It ________ me 15 minutes to listen to English every morning.
—That’s good. It’s necessary for you to ________ some time improving your English.
A. cost; take B. spends; take C. takes; spend D. take; spend
【答案】C
第5页,共28页
【详解】句意:——我每天早上听英语要花 15 分钟。——很好。你有必要花些时间提高你的英语水平。
考查动词辨析。cost 需付费,物作主语 ;spend 花费,人作主语 ;take 花费,主语通常为it。分析句子结构可知, 第一个空所在句为固定句式“It takes sb. sometime todo sth.”,意为“做某事花费某人一些时间”,It 为形式主语, 真正的主语为空后的不定式结构, 此处用三单形式takes ;spend time doingsth.“花时间做某事”, 是固定词组。故选 C。
【考点 4】However, he decided to return to China when he heard of the founding of the People's Republic of China.然而,当他听说中华人民共和国成立时, 他决定回国。
【详解 1】hear of 听说 ;得悉 (近义表达:hear about)
【拓展】hear from sb.(收到某人的来信)
【详解 2】found v. 建立 → founded (过去式) → founded (过去分词) 【拓展】the founding of ... 的建立 be founded 被建立
例句:The People's Republic of China was founded in 1949. 中华人民共和国是在 1949 年建立的。
We are excited about the founding ofthe Art Club. 我们对艺术俱乐部的成立感到兴奋。
【典例】
1.听说了免费午餐活动后,我们计划每周买五十盒牛奶给这个学校。
After —— —— the Free Lunch Activity, we planned to buy fifty cartons of milk a week for this school.
【答案】 hearing of/about
【详解】根据中英文对照可知,此处缺少“ 听说”,其英文表达为hear of/hear about, 动词短语, after 为介词,后跟动词动名词形式作宾语, hear 的动名词形式为 hearing。故填 hearing ;of/about。
2. The People’s Republic of China was —— (found)on 1st October, 1949.
【答案】founded
【详解】句意:中华人民共和国于 1949 年 10 月 1 日成立。根据“The People’s Republic of China was”可知是
中华人民共和国于 1949 年 10 月 1 日成立, found“成立”,此处用过去分词和 be 动词构成被动语态。故填 founded。
【考点 5】While in the USA, Qian achieved lots of success and he was a well-respected person in his field.在美国期间, 钱取得了很大的成功,他在他的领域是一个受人尊敬的人。
【详解 1】achieve v. 达到;实现 →achievement n. 成就;功绩 ;实现
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【拓展】achieve one's dream=realize one’s dream = make one’s dream come true 实现某人的梦想
achieved lots of success 获得巨大的成功
【详解 2】well-respected adj. 受尊敬的(respected 是 respect 的过去分词,意为受尊敬的),类似的表达还有 well-dressed (adj. 穿着入时的;穿着考究的) ;well-known(adj.知名的,著名的) 等。
【详解 3】field :n.领域;还有“ 田地;运动场 ;战场 ”的意思。
【拓展】 in the field of... 在 领域 in the field 在田野里;在野外
【典例】1.为了实现你的梦想,你必须比以往更加努力。
In order to —— , you must work harder than ever.
【答案】 realize/realise/achieve your dream
【详解】实现 :realize/realise/achiever, 动词不定式符号 to 后加动词原形;你的:your ;梦想:dream。故填realize/realise/achiever ;your ;dream。
2.High-speed trains are seen as one of the greatest —— (achieve)of China.
【答案】achievements
【详解】句意:高铁被认为是中国最伟大的成就之一。根据“High-speed trains are seen as one of the greatest”可知高铁被认为是中国最伟大的成就之一, oneof 后加可数名词复数 achievements“成就”。故填 achievements。
【考点 6】He was eager to bring his knowledge and skills to his homeland and began planning his return.他渴望将自己的知识和技能带到祖国,并开始计划回国。
【详解 1】eager 是形容词,意为 “渴望的;热切的 ”;
be eager to do sth. 渴望做某事 be eager for sth. 渴望某事(物)
例句:Tom is eager to travel around the world. 汤姆渴望环游世界。
【详解 2】begin doing sth. =begin to do 开始做某事【典例】
1.她渴望离开喧闹的城市,回归大自然。
She —— —— —— get away from the noisy city and back to nature.
【答案】 is/was eager to
【详解】根据中英文句子可知,空处填“渴望”, 且句子用一般现在时或一般过去时均可。渴望做某事:be eager to do sth。主语是 she, be 动词用 is/was,故填 is/was ;eager ;to。
2.—These children all study hard.
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—You’re right. This is because they are all eager ________ knowledge.
A. for B. on C. at
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——孩子们学习都很努力。——你说得对。这是因为他们对知识都很渴望。
考查介词辨析。for 为, 为了;on 在 ……上面;at 在。be eager for sth 表示“对 ……很渴望”。故选 A。
【考点 7】Qian devoted himself to his country, and his great work brought honour and success to China.钱将自己奉献给了祖国, 他的伟大事业为中国带来了荣誉和成功。
【详解】devote oneself to 致力于;献身于。注意:此时“to ”是介词,后面加名词、代词、或 v-ing。
【拓展】devote sth. to... 把(时间、金钱、生命等)奉献给......
例句:She devoted herself to helping the poor. 她致力于帮助穷人。
He decided to devote his life to helping others. 他决定将一生奉献于帮助他人。
He devoted five years to researching the effects of climate change. 他奉献 5 年时间研究气候变化的影响。 【典例】
1.The scientists like Yuan Longping and Qian Xuesen devoted their lives ______ for our country.
A. to working B. to work C. for working D. working
【答案】A
【详解】句意:像袁隆平和钱学森这样的科学家为我们的国家奉献了他们的一生。
考查非谓语动词。devote one’s time to doing sth“投入某人的时间精力做某事”, 固定搭配,故选 A。
2.张桂梅致力于改善贫困女孩的教育。
Zhang Guimei —— —— —— improving poor girls’ education.
【答案】 devotes herself to
【详解】致力于:devote oneself to,此处用反身代词herself ;句子时态用一般现在时,主语是 Zhang Guimei,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填 devotes ;herself ;to。
【考点 8】Still, Qian lived a simple life and was not interested in fame or money. 尽管如此, 钱过着简朴的生活, 对名利不感兴趣。
【详解 1】live a ... life 过着……生活
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例如:live a happy/ better/ hard life 过幸福的/ 更好的/ 艰苦的生活【详解 2】 be interested in 对 …… 感兴趣
【拓展】interest n. 兴趣 v. 使感兴趣 →①interested adj.感兴趣的 ② interesting adj. 有趣的
一言辨析: He is interested in the interesting story. 他对这个有趣的故事很感兴趣。 【典例】
1.我们应该通过吃健康食物和锻炼来过健康的生活。
by eating good food and exercising.
【答案】We should live a healthy life 。
2.他对历史感兴趣, 经常参观博物馆。
【答案】 He is interested in history and often visits museums.
3.戴维对科学很感兴趣, 他去年在学校加入了科学俱乐部。
David —— so —— —— science he joined the Science Club at school last year.
【答案】 was interested in that
【详解】be interested in“对 ……感兴趣”, so...that...“如此 ……以致于 ……”,根据“joined”可知,此处用一般过去时,主语 David 是第三人称单数形式, 谓语用第三人称单数形式,故填was ;interested ;in ;that。
4.What ________ me most is its ________ sights.
A. interests; interested B. interests; interesting
C. interesting; interesting D. interested; interested
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我最感兴趣的是它有趣的景色。
考查词义辨析。interest 使感兴趣, 动词 ;interested 感兴趣的, 形容词, 常用于形容人;interesting 有趣的,形容词,常用于形容物。第一空在句中作谓语, 应填动词, 可排除 CD 选项 ;第二空应填形容词作定语修饰名词 sights,修饰物用以 ing 为结尾的形容词。故选 B。
5. It’s such an ________ film that all the students are ________ in it.
A. interesting; interested B. interested; interesting
C. interesting;interesting D. interested; interested
【答案】A
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【详解】句意:这部电影很有趣, 所有学生都对它很感兴趣。
考查形容词用法。film 电影, 为物,空格 1 需修饰 film ;空格 2 作表语,表示人的感受。interesting 用于修饰物;interested 用于修饰人,故选 A。
【考点 9】If after I die the public feels I have made some contributions during my life, that approval would bethe highest praise of all. 如果我死后,百姓觉得我在生前做出了一些贡献, 这种认可将是最高赞誉。 【详解 1】public n. 百姓, 民众; adj. 公众的;公共的;公开场合的
【拓展】the public 公众, 民众 in public 公开地, 当众
注意:“the public”表示“公众,民众”,是集合名词,作主语时谓语动词的形式要根据具体语境来确定:
①把公众看作一个整体, 此时谓语动词用单数形式。
The public is concerned about the environmental issues.(公众关注环境问题。)
②强调公众中的个体成员,此时谓语动词用复数形式。
The public have different opinions on this policy.(公众对这项政策有不同的看法。) 【详解 2】contributions n. 贡献 → contribute v. 贡献
【拓展】make a contribution to/ make contributions to.. 对 做出贡献
contribute to 有助于,促成;对…贡献
contribute...to... 把……贡献给…… ;为……做贡献
例句:①Every little bit helps. Even a small action can make a contribution to saving the planet.
积少成多, 即使一个小小的行动也能为拯救地球做出贡献。
②His hard work contributed to the success of the business.他的努力工作促成了生意的成功。
③He decided to contribute his savings to the charity to help those in need.
他决定把自己的积蓄捐给慈善机构, 以帮助那些有需要的人。
【详解 3】praise n./ v. 称赞 ;赞扬
【拓展】praise sb. for sth. :因某事赞扬某人。 in praise of :歌颂 ;为赞扬 ……
win high praise from sb. : 获得某人的高度赞扬
例句:The teacher praised him for his hard work. 老师因他努力学习而表扬了他。
He wrote apoem in praise of the natural beauty. 他写了一首诗赞美自然美景。
His book won high praise from the public.他的书赢得了公众的高度赞扬。
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【典例】
1.我们应该为保护环境做贡献。
We should —— —— protecting the environment.
【答案】 make a contribution to
【详解】make a contribution to“为 ……做出贡献”,情态动词 should 后跟动词原形, 故填make ;a ;contribution ; to。
2.She got a lot of —— (praise)for her excellent acting in a film.(用所给词的正确形式填空)
【答案】praise
【详解】句意:她因在电影中的出色表演获得了许多赞誉。根据“for her excellent acting ina film”可知她获得了许多赞誉, praise“赞誉”,不可数名词。故填 praise。
3.Li Hua was praised by the teacher ________ his honesty.
A. for B. by C. of D. with
【答案】A
【详解】句意:李华因诚实而受到老师的表扬。
考查介词辨析。for 为了;by 通过 ;of…… 的;with 和。根据“Li Hua was praised”和“honesty”可知, 李华因为诚实而受表扬, 应用介词for。故选 A。
4. —Peter always wins ________ praise from all the teachers and classmates, but he never shows off.
—I agree. He is so modest (谦虚的).
A. low B. expensive C. cheap D. high
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——彼得总是赢得所有老师和同学的好评, 但他从不炫耀。——我同意。他很谦虚。
考查形容词辨析。low 低的;expensive 昂贵的;cheap 便宜的;high 高的。根据语境可知, 彼得很谦虚, 不炫耀, 可推测此处是彼得总是赢得所有老师和同学的好评, high praise 表示“好评”。故选 D。
【考点 10】Once we land, we race to put out the fire. 我们一着陆,就忙着灭火。
【详解】put out : 扑灭
【拓展】常考 put 相关的短语
put away 收拾;放妥;放弃 put off 推迟 ;延期;脱掉
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put on 上演;穿上,体重增加put down 放下;写下
put … into 把 放入,表达;翻译put up 举起;竖起;张贴
【典例】
1.You’d better ______ your cigarette. It’s non----smoking area here.
A. put down B. put off C. put on D. put out
【答案】D
【详解】句意:你最好把烟熄灭。这里是非吸烟区。考查动词辨析题。put down 放下;put off 延期;put on穿上;put out 扑灭。根据句意语境, 可知前三项意思都与句意不合,故选 D。
2. This is my new bedroom. I want to a picture on the wall.
A. put in B. put up C. put on D. put out
【答案】B
【详解】句意:这是我的新卧室。我想要在墙上贴一张画。putin 放入;put up 张贴 ;put on 穿上;put out 扑灭。根据宾语 a picture 可知此处表示贴一张画, 故选 B。
3. Mary and Alice are planning to _____ a drama on the Open Day.
A. put on B. put up C. put out D. put off
【答案】A
【详解】句意:玛丽和爱丽丝计划在开放日那天上演一出戏。考查动词短语。A. put on 穿上;增加;上演;
B. put up 搭建, 张贴 ;举起;建造;C. put out 熄灭 ;伸出;出版;D. put off 推迟, 拖延。结合句意和语境可知选 A。
【考点 11】We use simple tools to clear away dead leaves and trees to stop fires from spreading.我们使用简单的工具清理枯叶和树木,以阻止火势蔓延。
【详解 1】dead :形容词,意为“死的;去世的” ; leaves 是 leaf 的复数形式。单词释义【拓展】die :动词,意为“死;去世;逝世”
death :名词,意为“死;死亡”例句:He died last year.他去年去世了。
I cried because my pet dog was dead.我哭了,因为我的宠物狗死了。
She was sad about her grandfather's death.她对她爷爷的去世难过不已。
【详解 2】stop sb. (from)doing sth. 阻止某人做某事= keep sb. from doing sth. =prevent sb.(from) doing sth.
例句:The heavy rain stopped us (from) going on a picnic.大雨阻止了我们去野餐。
Parents should stop children (from) playing computer games for too long.
家长应该阻止孩子们长时间玩电脑游戏。
【典例】
1. At last, the poor old man was_____.But people didn't know the reason of his _____.
A. died. death B. dead, death C. dead, die D. death. dead
【答案】B
【详解】句意:最后这位可怜的老人死了, 但是人们不知道他死亡的原因。第一空前有系动词was, 所以空
格处应该用形容词 ;第二空前有形容词性物主代词,所以后跟名词 dead 形容词 ;die 动词, death 名词“死亡”。故选 B。
2.树木能阻止风把泥土吹走。(完成译句)
Trees can —— the wind —— blowing away the earth.
【答案】 stop/prevent/keep from
【详解】结合中英文, 所缺表达为“阻止”, 英文为 :stop/prevent/keep…from。情态动词 can 后接动词原形。故填 stop/prevent/keep ;from。
【考点 12】However, Iam very proud of what Ido.然而,我为我的工作感到非常自豪。 【详解】be proud of... 为... 而自豪
【拓展】proud 的名词是“pride ”。be proud of... 为... 而自豪= take pride in..., 后可加名词、代词、v-ing 或宾语从句。
例句:You should be proud of helping others.(你应该为帮助他人而感到自豪。)
I am proud of my country.(我为我的国家感到骄傲。) 【典例】
1. — Are you ________ of our school
— Of course. I take ________ in the beautiful environment and the study atmosphere (氛围).
A. pride; pride B. proud; pride C. pride; proud
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——你对我们的学校感到自豪吗?——当然。我为美丽的环境和学习氛围感到自豪。
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考查名词和形容词辨析。pride 骄傲,自豪, 名词 ;proud 骄傲的,自豪的,形容词。be proud of 为 ……感到自豪;take pride in 为 ……感到自豪。根据“Are you... of our school ”可知, 第一空需形容词 proud ;根据“I take...in...”可知,第二空需填名词 pride, 构成 take pride in 短语。故选 B。
2.作为一名中国人, 我为我们伟大的祖国感到自豪。
【答案】As a Chinese, I am proud of our great country.
【详解】根据所给汉语可知, 此句为陈述句切时态应用一般现在时。as“作为” ;a Chinese“一名中国人” ;I“我” ; be proud of“对 ……感到自豪” ;our great country“我们伟大的祖国”。主语为I, 时态为一般现在时, 因此 be 动词用 am。故填 As a Chinese, I am proud of our great country.
(



法:感

句和祈使句
)
一、祈使句
(一).祈使句的定义及句式特征:
定义 :祈使句是用来表示请求、命令、叮嘱、邀请、劝告或祝愿等的句子。它的特点是通常省略主语 you,以
动词原形开头, 末尾可用句号或感叹号。祈使句没有疑问句的形式, 一般只有肯定和否定两种形式。
Go and wash your hands. (表命令) Be quite, please. (Please be quiet.)(表请求)
Be kind to your sister.(表劝告) Watch your steps.(表警告)
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No parking. (表禁止) Best wishes! (表祝愿)
(二)句型
肯定句 否定句
1.动词原形+其他 1.Don,t + 动词原形
① Come in, please ! ①Don’t believe him!
② Please open your books ! ②Don’t open the window.
③Put them away! ③Don’t put them away
2.Be+名词/形容词+其他 2.Don,t /Never +be+名词/形容词+其他
①Be quiet / quick! ①Don’t be careless!
②Be a good student! ②Don’t be a bad boy
③Be careful when crossing the street. ③Never do it again!
3.let sb. do sth 3.let sb. not do sth.
① Let him do it by himself. ① Let her not do that.
② Let me help you. ② Let her not hurt me!
③Let’s go to the park. ② Don’t let them go, please. 4.No+名词 / 动词 ing ① NO PHOTOS! ② No parking!
【注意】
① 在表达请求或劝告时,有时为了表示委婉的语气,可以在句首或句末please,但是如果 please 加在句末, 应用逗号将其与前面的部分隔开。
Sit down, please. Please look after the twins.
② 有时为了加强语气, 可以在动词前使用 do. Do be careful !一定要小心!
③ 有时为了强调对方, 也可加上主语 you,人名或 everybody, anybody 等不定代词。
You sweep the floor and I clean the window. Stand up, everybody.
(三)祈使句的回答
祈使句的动作通常是表示将来发生的动作,所以回答祈使句时, 一般用 will 或 won,t。在回答具有否定意义的祈使句时,要注意两点:
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1) Please remember to bring your homework here tomorrow. ---Yes, I will.
2) Don’t look out of the window. ---Sorry, I won’t..
(四)祈使句, and/or +结果, 可以转换为 if 从句。
Hurry up, or you will be late for school.快点, 否则你会迟到的。
=If you hurry up, you won’t be late for school.
=If you don’t hurry up, you will be late for school.
Study hard, and you will catch up with others. 努力学习,你就会赶上别人。
= If you study hard , you will catch up with others.
语法专题二、感叹句
(一) 感叹句的定义
表示喜、怒、乐等强烈感情时用感叹句。感叹句分为两种:一种以 what 引导, 一种以 how 引导。句尾用感叹号“ !”通常用感叹号。
例:What a clever boy he is ! 多么聪明的男孩啊!
例:How clever the boy is ! 这个男孩多聪明啊!
(二)感叹句的构成:
感叹部分 + 陈述部分 !
(
How +
形容

/


What + (a\ an)+
形容

+


【注意】
1

what

how


的感

句可以相互
转换

转换
后意




2
)在口

中,感

句的主


谓语
常常省略。
How silly

you are

!
(
三)句型
What

what




或名



What+ (a/an)+
(形容


+


+
(主

+
谓语
)!
1) What +a(an) +
(形容


+

数可数名

+


+
谓语

What
an
apple
this is!
What
a
fine
day
it
is!
2) What+(
形容

)+
可数名

复数
/
不可数名

+


+
谓语

What
beautiful
fl
owers
they are!
What
fine
weather
it
is!
【注意】


+
谓语
)
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1)但有些不可数名词,如 rain, surprise, breakfast, lunch 等, 当前面有形容词修饰, 使抽象名词具体化时,则要用 what a / an,
如:What a heavy rain it is! 多大的一场雨啊!
What a great surprise it is! 这多么令人惊奇啊!
What a rich breakfast it is! 多么丰盛的一顿早餐啊!
2) 常考的不可数名词 :food , work , weather , fun , music , information , news , advice
(
How

how


形容

或副

How +
形容

/


+
(主

+
谓语
)!
1)How+
形容

/


+


+
谓语

How kind
you
are!
How beautifully
you sing!
2)How +


+
谓语

How
I missed you!
【注意】
要修



的形容

不能是表数量的
many

much

little

few

遇此情况要用
how

即使它

后面跟
有名


How
many
bookshe
has
! 他的

真多!
How
much
money
he
gave
her
! 他

了她好多

呀!
How little money I have
! 我的

多么少呀!
How few friends he has
! 他的朋友真少!



What a little box it is
! 多小巧的盒子呀
!(

little
不表示数量)
)
【典例】
一、单项选择
1. Don’t ________ in the classroom. It’s not polite.
A. talk loudly B. talks loudly C. talking loudly D. to talk loudly
【答案】A
【详解】句意:不要在教室里大声说话。这是不礼貌的。
考查祈使句的用法。根据“Don’t...”可知,空处需用动词原形,只有 A 选项符合。故选 A。
2. ________ carefully, Mike! There’s a school ahead.
A. Drive B. To drive C. Drove D. Driving
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【答案】A
【详解】句意:小心开车, 迈克!前面有所学校。
考查祈使句。分析句子可知,前半句为祈使句, 应以动词原形开头,故选 A。
3. _________ call me Wangwang! It’s my dog’s name!
A. Not B. No C. Don’t D. Doesn’t
【答案】C
【详解】句意:不要叫我旺旺!这是我狗的名字!
考查祈使句的否定形式。Not 不(副词);No 不(形容词);Don’t 不要(否定祈使句) ;Doesn’t 不(第三人称单数形式)。在英语中,祈使句的否定形式通常用“Don’t+ 动词原形”来表示。根据“It’s my dog’s name!”可知, 此处表示“不要叫我旺旺”,用 Don’t 符合语境。故选 C。
4. Let’s go and ________ the new baby elephant!
A. seeing B. see C. saw D. to see
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我们去看看刚出生的小象吧!
考查祈使句。根据“Let’s go and”可知, 该句是祈使句, and 前后的动词需填动词原形。故选 B。
5. Please ________ your homework first after school.
A. do B. does C. did D. doing
【答案】A
【详解】句意:放学后请先做作业。
考查祈使句。此句是祈使句的肯定形式,此空应填动词原形,故选 A。
6. Don’t ________ in the hallways. It’s dangerous.
A. run B. running C. to run D. runs
【答案】A
【详解】句意:不要在走廊里奔跑。这很危险。
考查祈使句。根据“Don’t…in the hallways.”可知,此句是祈使句的否定形式,其结构是“Don’t+ 动词原形”,故选 A。
7. —________ cold day!
—Yes, it is. You should wear more clothes.
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A. What a B. What C. How D. How a
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——多冷的一天啊!——是的。你应该多穿点衣服。
考查感叹句。根据空后的“cold day”及标点可知, 此句为感叹句, 中心词 day 是可数名词的单数形式,因此用what 引导该感叹句, 其结构为“What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!”。故选 A。
8. —Look! Trees are green and flowers are everywhere.
— ________ beautiful place it is!
A. How a B. What C. What a D. How
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——看!树是绿色的, 到处都是鲜花。——多么漂亮的一个地方啊!
考查感叹句。根据“ ... beautiful place it is!”是感叹句, 且中心词“place”为名词单数,故应用 what 引导的感叹句,结构为What+a/an+形容词+名词+主谓! ;beautiful 以辅音音素开头, 不定冠词用 a。故选 C。
9. —_________ exciting news! We will have a two-month holiday after the final exam.
A. What an B. How an C. What D. How
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——多么令人兴奋的消息!期末考试后我们将有两个月的假期。
考查感叹句。news 是不可数名词,根据“what+形容词+不可数名词”可知, 横线上是 what。故选 C。
10. ________ bad weather it is! We will have to stay at home.
A. How a B. How C. What D. What a
【答案】C
【详解】句意:多糟糕的天气啊!我们只能待在家里了。
考查感叹句。感叹句常用句型有:①What + (a/an) +形容词+名词+主语+谓语 ;②How +形容词/副词+主语+谓语。空格后为不可数名词“weather”,故应用“What +形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语 !”结构。故选 C。
11. _________ we were having at the party!
A. What wonderful time B. How a wonderful time
C. How wonderful time D. What a wonderful time
【答案】D
【详解】句意:我们在聚会上度过了多么美好的时光啊!
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考查感叹句。have a goodtime“玩的开心”, a 不能丢,所以排除选项 A 和 C ;感叹句的中心词 time 是名词,所以此处需用what 引导感叹句。故选 D。
12. ________ interesting this book is! I enjoy reading it very much.
A. How an B. What an C. How D. What
【答案】C
【详解】句意:这本书太有趣了!我非常喜欢读它。
考查感叹句。本句强调的中心词是形容词 interesting, 符合结构:How + 形容词/副词 + 主语 + 谓语。故选C。
13. ________ wonderful the music is!
A. What B. How C. What a D. How a
【答案】B
【详解】句意:这音乐多么美妙啊!
考查感叹句。此句强调的中心词是形容词 wonderful, 符合结构:How+形容词+主语+谓语。故选 B。
14. ________ unforgettable the summer camp on Lucky Island is!
A. How B. What C. What a D. What an
【答案】A
【详解】句意:幸运岛的夏令营是多么令人难忘啊!
考查感叹句的结构。本句中心词 unforgettable 是形容词, 应与“how”连用构成感叹句, 即“how+形容词+主语+谓语”, 表示对某事的感叹。故选 A。
15. ________ exciting it is for us to read comics! They are usually funny.
A. What an B. How C. What D. How an
【答案】B
【详解】句意:看漫画对于我们来说, 是多么兴奋啊!它们通常很有趣。
考查感叹句。英语中的感叹句要由what 和how 来引导,其句型是:How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语 !What+ (a/an)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语 !中心词是 exciting,形容词,形式主语是 it,真正的主语为动词不定式,应用how 来引导,故选 B。
二、完成句子
1.你昨天给了我多么有用的建议啊!
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What you gave me yesterday!
【答案】 useful advice/suggestions
【详解】根据中英文对照, 空格处缺“有用的建议”的表达。useful“有用的” ;advice/suggestion“建议”, advice是不可数名词, suggestion 是可数名词。此句是由 What 引导的感叹句, 结构为“What+ 形容词 + 不可数名词 / 可数名词复数 + 主语 + 谓语 !”, 所以用 advice 或 suggestions。故填 useful ;advice/suggestions。
2. The fox is a very clever animal.(改为感叹句)
—— —— clever animal the fox is!
【答案】 What a
【详解】句意:狐狸是一种非常聪明的动物。因为感叹句中心词是单数名词animal, 所以可以用句型:What a/an+形容词+单数名词+主语+谓语。clever 以辅音音素开头, 应用 a。故填 What ;a。
3. Coco has made a delicious meal for her family. (改为感叹句) —— —— delicious meal Coco has made for her family!
【答案】 What a
【详解】句意:可可为她的家人做了一顿美味的饭。句中“meal”是可数名词单数, 适合“What+(a/an)+形容词+
名词+主语+谓语 !”结构, 应用what 引导感叹句, what 位于句首,首字母要大写;“meal”是以辅音音素开头的单词, 应用 a。故填 What ;a。
4. The movie was very exciting.(改为感叹句)
—— —— exciting movie it was!
【答案】 What an
【详解】句意:这个电影非常令人激动。此处是用到感叹句结构 What+a/an+形容词+名词+主谓结构, exciting是元音音素开头的单词, 所以用冠词an。故填 What ;an。
5. 全红婵是一位多么了不起的跳水运动员啊!
—— —— great diver Quan Hongchan is!
【答案】 What a
【详解】空处表示“一位多么”,本句是感叹句, 句中中心词是单数名词diver,所以用 what a/an 修饰, great首字母发辅音音素, 所以不定冠词用a。故填 What ;a。
6. Bob was very excited to see such a big whale.(改为感叹句) —— —— Bob was to see such a big whale!
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【答案】 How excited
【详解】句意:鲍勃看到这么大的一头鲸鱼感到非常兴奋。句子是主系表结构, 改为感叹句时用“How+形容词+主谓+其他”结构。故填 How ;excited。
7. 时间过得真快啊!
—— —— the time passed!
【答案】 How fast
【详解】句子是感叹句, 时间过得快用fast 来表示, 感叹句的中心词 fast 是副词, 应用句型“How +形容词/副词+主语+谓语!”, 故填 How ;fast。
8. The ocean is very large. (改为感叹句) —— —— the ocean is!
【答案】 How large
【详解】句意:海洋很大。分析句子可知空格缺少形容词 large 作表语, 故用感叹句“How+形容词+主谓”,故填 How ;large。
9. The pandas are so lovely. (改为感叹句) —— —— the pandas are!
【答案】 How lovely
【详解】句意:熊猫如此可爱。原句为陈述句, 要改为感叹句。根据形容词是 lovely,主语是 the pandas 可知,应用how 来感叹其句型是:How+形容+主谓! , 故答案是 How ;lovely。
10. The monkeys are very lovely. (改为感叹句) —— —— the monkeys are!
【答案】 How lovely
【详解】句意:这些猴子很可爱。改为感叹句,中心词是形容词 lovely,所以用“How+形容词+主谓”结构。故填 How ;lovely。
11. 他真是一个成功的人啊!
—— —— he is!
【答案】 How successful
【详解】分析所给中英文可知是感叹句, successful“成功的”, 对形容词感叹用 how 引导。故填 How ;successful。
12. 多么优美的乐曲啊!
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the music is!
【答案】 How beautiful
【详解】根据语境可知,本句为感叹句, 对应结构为 How+形容词+主谓 !优美:beautiful。故填 How ;beautiful。
书面表达一 :
“榜样是看得见的哲理。” 假设你的学校正在举办一场主题为 “The Most Respectable PersoninMy Heart”的英语演讲比赛, 请你需要根据以下要点提示准备一篇演讲稿,介绍一位你认为最可敬的人:
1. Who is he/ she What does he/ she do
2. What makes him/ her respectable
3. How has he/ she inspired you
要求:
(1) 涵盖以上要点, 可适当增加细节, 字数不少于 80 词 (已给出内容不计入词数) ;
(2) 条理清晰、语义连贯、语句通顺、标点正确、书写工整、卷面整洁;
(3) 不得出现真实个人信息。
Word bankadj.
dedicated(奉献的) perseverant(坚持不懈的) selfless(无私的)
v.
inspire(激励) encourage(鼓励)
Phrases
role model(榜样) overcome difficulties(克服困难) look up to(尊
敬)
pursue dreams(追求梦想) take action(采取行动)
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Good morning, everyone! Today, I would like to share with you the most inspiring person in my heart.
That’s all. Thank you for listening!
【答案】例文
Good morning, everyone! Today, I would like to share with you the most inspiring person in my heart — Huang Xuhua, the father of China’s nuclear submarines.
Huang Xuhua was a dedicated scientist who devoted his life to developing China’s first nuclear submarine.
Despite limited resources, he and his team overcame countless difficulties through perseverance and independent
research. Even after success, he continued working to improve technology, winning the “Medal of the Republic” in 2019.
His selflessness and determination inspire me deeply. He taught me that challenges can be overcome with hard work and courage. Whenever I face difficulties, I remember his story and push forward.
Huang Xuhua is my role model. His spirit encourages me to pursue my dreams and contribute to our country’s future. Let’s take action and make his spirit live on!
That’s all. Thank you for listening! 【详解】[总体分析]
① 题材:本文是一篇演讲稿;
② 时态 :时态为“一般现在时”和“一般过去时” ;
③ 提示:根据所给提示完成写作,不能遗漏信息, 注意上下文之间的逻辑关系, 语意连贯。 [写作步骤]
第一步,开门见山, 介绍你所敬佩的人;
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第二步,解释你为什么敬佩他;
第三步, 阐明他是如何鼓励你的;
第四步, 总结全文, 阐述自己今后打算如何做。
[亮点词汇]
①push forward 推进
②overcome countless difficulties 克服无数困难
③contribute to 促进[高分句型]
①Whenever I face difficulties, I remember his story and push forward.(时间状语从句)
②Huang Xuhua was a dedicated scientist who devoted his life to developing China’s first nuclear submarine.(定语从句)
书面表达二:
请你根据下面的提示, 以“The person I admire the most”为题,用英语写一篇 80 词左右的短文, 介绍一下诺贝尔文学奖的获得者——莫言。
●1955年出生于山东高密童年
●痴迷看书
●1976 年参军青年
●在部队曾担任图书管理员,期间阅读了大量书籍
●1981年在杂志上发表第一篇短篇小说
作家 ●1987 年, 他的小说《红高染》被改编成电影,深受赞誉
生涯 ●他获得过很多大奖, 2012 年获得诺贝尔文学奖
●迄今为止,他的小说被翻译成 40 多种语言, 举世闻名
要求:
1. 包含所有给出的信息;
2. 条理清楚, 语句通顺, 可适当发挥。
参考词汇 :
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Army 军队 ;Red Sorghum 红高粱;short story 短篇小说The person I admire the most
【答案】The person I admire the most Writer Mo Yan is the person I admire the most. He was born in Gaomi,
Shandong in 1955. He was crazy about reading books as a little boy In1976.he joined the army. In the army, he once served as a librarian and read lots of books at that time. In 1981, his first short story was published in a magazine. In 1987, his novel Red Sorghum was made into a film and won high praise. Mo Yan has won lots of big prizes. In 2012, he won the Nobel Prize in Literatures works. So far, his novels have been translated into over forty languages. He is a word-famous writer now.
【详解】这是一篇材料作文,属于人物介绍。所给材料比较详细, 动笔前要认真阅读材料, 不可遗漏要点,
并适当发挥。我们要做的就是用正确的英语把这些内容表达出来。根据写作需要,要点提示的内容可适当调整。人称为第三人称, 写作时态主要为一般过去时, 还要用到被动语态, 注意一般过去时被动语态的构成: were/was+及物动词的过去分词。另外, 写作时还需注意语句间的衔接, 语言的表述应该符合语法的结构, 适当使用连词,做到上下文联系紧密, 符合逻辑关系。注意文中出现的三个被动语态的句子:In 1981, his first short story was published in a magazine. In 1987, his novel Red Sorghum was made into a film and won high praise. So far, his novels have been translated into over forty languages.
书面表达三:
在你的成长过程中, 一定有很多值得你敬佩的人,比如你的父母、老师和朋友。假如你是李华,学校英语社团将举办“The person I admire”的演讲比赛, 请你从中选择一位,根据要点提示并做适当发挥,用英文写一篇介绍此人的演讲稿。
要点:
1.你最敬佩的人的基本状况;
2.你敬佩他/她的原因;
3.你的期望或者所思所悟。
注意:
1.词数 80—100 ;
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2.请不要逐句翻译, 可适当发挥 ;
3.信中不能出现与本人相关信息;
4.文章的开头和结尾已为你写好,不计入总词数。
Hello, everyone! I’m Li Hua. The person I admire most is
That’s all. Thanks for listening.
【答案】例文
Hello, everyone! I’m Li Hua. The person I admire most is my English teacher, a thin woman with glasses. She is strict with us in study but very humorous in class.
My English was extremely poor when I entered the middle school. I wasn’t confident and unwilling to pay
more attention to English. After she found out what was going on, she kept encouraging me to believe in myself and take an active part in the class discussion. With her help, I took an interest in English. Since then, I have made much progress in English.
She set a good example to me. I want to express my thanks to her. I will remember her inspiring words in the future to face the challenges in life.
That’s all. Thanks for listening.
【详解】[总体分析]
①题材:本文是一篇演讲稿;
②时态 :时态为“一般现在时”和“一般过去时” ;
③提示:写作要点已给出,考生应注意不要遗漏“信息提示” 中的介绍要点, 适当添加细节,并突出写作重点。
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[写作步骤]
第一步,表明写作意图, 表明最敬佩的人是英语老师 ;
第二步,具体阐述敬佩的人的基本状况及敬佩的原因;
第三步, 书写结语表达作者的感激之情。
[亮点词汇]
①be strict with sb 对某人严厉
②pay more attention to 重视
③take an active part in 积极参与[高分句型]
①My English was extremely poor when I entered the middle school. (when 引导的时间状语从句)
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同课章节目录