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Unit 1 Helping those in need
单元小结
知识目录
学习目标：谈论志愿者的工作。能读懂志愿者这方面的文章。
语法目标：学习不定式的用法。
听说目标：能听懂并谈论志愿者活动的对话或小短文，能说出自己的志愿者的计划。
写作目标：能够写出志愿者活动小短文。
目录
知识要点一、重点单词，短语及句式
要点1 重点单词 背诵
要点2 重点短语 背诵
要点3 重点句式 背诵
【精讲精练】
要点1 volunteer的用法 练习
要点2 offer的用法 练习
要点3 permission的用法 练习
要点4 disabled的用法 练习
要点5 organize的用法 练习
要点6 lonely的用法 练习
要点7 pain的用 练习
要点8 spirit的用法 练习
要点9 encourage的用法 练习
要点10 suffer的用法 练习
要点11 encourage的用法 练习
要点12 lose的用法 练习
要点13 in order to的用法 练习
要点14 stop to do/stop doing/stop…from doing的用法 练习
要点15.raise的用法 练习
要点16. ache的用法 练习
知识要点二、语法
要点1 不定式的用法 27
知识要点三、书面表达
要点1 话题分析 29
要点2 单元写作通用表达 30
要点3经典范文 31
要点4实战演练 32
知识要点一、重点单词，短语及句式。
【重点单词】背诵版
1.elderly上了年纪的
2.offer v.主动提出
3.serious adj.严重的
4.disease n.疾病
同义词：illness
5.cancer n.癌；癌症
6.spirits n. [pl.]情绪；心境
构成短语：in high spirits情绪高涨
7.pain n.痛苦；苦恼
painful adj. 痛苦的
8.belong v.适应;合得来，属于
词组：belong to 属于
9.spare adj.空闲的；空余
词组：in one’s spare time在…空闲时间内
10.volunteer v.自愿做
voluntary adj. 自愿的
11.joy n.高兴;愉快；喜悦
joyful adj.高兴的
词组：with joy 高兴地
12.lose v.丧失；失去
loss n 丧失，损失
lost adj.丢失的，迷失的
13.raise v.筹募
词组：raise money 募捐
raise one’s spirits 使某人振作
14.pound n.英镑
15.permission.准许；许可
词组：ask for permission请求许可
16.arrange排列；布置
arrangement n.安排
17. donate v.捐赠；赠送
18.mighty巨大的；非凡的
19.pleasant adj.令人愉快的; 宜人的
pleased adj.高兴的，满意的
pleasure n. 开心，高兴
词组：it’s a pleasure to do sth乐意做某事
20.ease 减轻，缓解
21. ache v. 疼痛，隐痛
复合词：headache头痛
toothache 牙痛
【重点短语】背诵版
1.voluntary work 志愿工作
2.disabled people 残障人
3.look after照料；照顾
4.suffer from遭受:患.....病
5.cheer somebody up （便）高兴起来
6. raise one's spirits 使某人振作
7. in low spirits情绪低落
8. have difficulty doing做…有困难
9. in one’s spare time在…的空闲时间
10. ask for permission报请批准
11. in order to目的在于；为了
12. in need在危难中
13.in vain 徒劳的
14.look forward to期待
【重点句式】背诵版
1. The children there all suffer from serious diseases like cancer . 那里的孩子都患有癌症等严重疾病。
2. We wanted to cheer them up with some fun activities. 我们想通过一些有趣的活动让他们高兴起来。
3. we organized a painting competition to raise their spirits. 我们组织了一场绘画比赛来振奋他们的精神
4. We encouraged them to tell stories from their own life. 我们鼓励他们讲自己生活中的故事。
5. I volunteered to help disabled children我自愿帮助残疾儿童
6. Some of them have difficulty moving around and taking part in social activities.
他们中的一些人行动不便，难以参加社会活动。
7. He was in low spirits because he could not play it any more. 他情绪低落，因为他再也不能踢球了。
8.We plan to visit Children’s Home and teach them to tell stories to help them express their feelings.
我们计划参观儿童之家，教他们讲故事，帮助他们表达自己的感受。
9. I am looking forward to hearing from you. 我盼望得到你的回信。
【精讲精练】
要点1 volunteer
volunteer n.志愿者 v.（自愿）做
（1）volunteer（vi）for "自愿做，义务做" 后常跟介词in, for
They volunteer for the work in the club.
他们自愿地俱乐部里参加这项工作
（2）volunteer to do sth. 自愿做某事
He volunteered to clean up the room after the party.
（3）volunteer n. 志愿者
I want to be a volunteer in the city.
【典例分析】
1. Some ________________ are ________________ their time to help the poor in underdeveloped countries.
A. volunteer; volunteer B. volunteers; volunteering
C. volunteering; volunteers D. volunteers; volunteers
【答案】B
【解析】考查兼类词volunteer的用法。volunteer既可以作名词，意为：志愿者，又可以作动词。意为：自愿做。分析语境可知，第一空指的是名词“志愿者”，第二空为动词“自愿做”；且some后跟可数名词volunteer的复数形式，由are确定时态为现在进行时。
2. My friend Tom volunteered ______________ in the countryside two years ago.
A. to work B. work C. working D. works
【答案】A
【解析】句意：两年前我的朋友汤姆志愿在乡下工作。动词短语volunteer to do sth意为：自愿做某事，故选A。
要点 2：offer
offer v. = be willing to do something 主动提出
常用短语：offer to do sth主动提供干某事
offer one’s hand 伸出友好的手
offer sb. sth. 为某人提供某物
Peter offered to teach them water-skiing. 彼得主动提出教他们滑水。
They have offered me a large sum of money to go away. 他们曾为我提供一大笔搬迁费
辨析：provide, offer的区别：
provide用于表示无主动慷慨之意地为人或物提供需要或有用的东西，仅仅是出于某种责任，强调提供必须用的东西，尤其是生活用品。常用于provide sb. with sth. 或provide sth. for sb. 的固定搭配中。offer表示主动提供服务、工作等。常用于offer sb. sth.或offer sth. to sb. 固定搭配中。例如：offer sb.主动提出帮助某人；offer sb. a good salary 给某人一个好工资。
Somehow she managed to provide her children with food and clothing.
她总算设法使她的孩子有饭吃，有衣穿。
He offered me a glass of wine. = He offered a glass of wine to me. 他端给我一杯酒。
【典例分析】
1.他主动要把他的词典借给我
He________ _________ ________ me his dictionary.。
【答案】offered to lend offer作动词，后接不定式，表示主动提出做某事。
2.校长要把她的雨衣借给我。
The headmaster___________ ___________ her raincoat.
= The headmaster___________ her raincoat__________ ___________.
【答案】offered me offered to me offer作动词，后面可接双宾语，表示主动提出给与某人某物时。
3.感谢你主动帮忙。
Thank you for__________ ___________of help.
【答案】your offer offer用作名词，意为提议；提供；出价。
4. When I’m in trouble, my sister always _________________.
A. offers helping me B. offers to help me C. asks me to help D. asks me at help
【答案】B句意：每当我遇到麻烦，我的姐姐总是会主动帮助我。考查动词短语辨析：offer to do sth主动提出做某事；ask sb to do sth要求某人去做某事；根据句意为主动做某事。故选B。
5.A lot of heroes ______________ their lives _____________ our country during the earthquake in Sichuan.
A. offer ; to B. offer ; for C. offered ; to D. offered ; /
【答案】C句意：在四川地震期间许多的英雄都主动把生命奉献给了我们的祖国。考查动词短语搭配辨析。根据动词offer判断短语搭配为offer sb sth = offer sth to sb；再结合句意判断为过去时。故选C。
6.They didn’t provide me food, so I had to find something to eat.
A．for B．to C．about D．with
【答案】D
【解析】句意：他们没有给我提供食物，于是我不得不找东西吃。provide sb．with sth．相当于provide sth．for sb．为某人提供某物。故选D。
7. The newly-opened company ________ the local people with more chances to work.
A. gives B. provides C. offers D. shows
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词辨析。句意为“这家新开业的公司给当地人提供了更多的就业机会”。provide sb. with sth. 为某人提供某物。
8. —In the past five years, China has played an important role in the Belt and Road.
—It has _____ many nations a great chance to communicate.
A. offered B. supported C. included D. provided
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意为“—在过去的五年中, 中国在一带一路中发挥了重要作用。—它为很多国家提供了一个交流的好机会”。offer提供; support支持; include包括; provide提供。offer sb. sth. offer sth. to Sb. 提供某人某物。 Provide sb. with sth.= provide sth. for sb. 故答案选A
要点 3 permission
Permission 准许；批准
Write a letter to the head teacher to ask permission to raise money. 给校长写一封信请求允许筹钱。
【同根词】
permit v. 许可；准许
The guards permitted me to bring my camera and tape recorder. 卫兵准许我带相机和录音机
1)permit sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事
Permit me to offer you some advice. 请允许我向你提些建议。
(2)permit doing sth. 允许做某事
We do not permit smoking in the office. 我们不允许在办公室吸烟。
【典例分析】
(1)The rules of the club do not permit ____________ (smoke).
(2)My parents permitted me _____________(go)to the party.
【答案】1.smoking 2.to go
要点 4：disabled
disabled是形容词，意为“丧失能力的；有残疾的”。
（1）disable v. 使……失去能力
He was disabled in the accident. 他在那次事故中成了残疾。
（2）able adj. 有能力的
We were able to do this. 我们有能力做到这个。
【典例分析】
1.He is old enough to be_______（disabled）to take care of himself.
2.不要嘲笑残疾人。(完成句子)
Don’t laugh at _________ __________.
【解析】1.able 有能力的。be able to 能，会。 2.disabled people。
要点 5：organize
1)organize v. 组织；筹备
We all decided to organize a concert for Easter. 我们一致决定为复活节组织一场音乐会。
2)organized adj. 有组织的
Do you have any connections to organized crime 你参与了任何有组织的犯罪吗？
3)organizer n. 组织者
A good organizer pays attention to detail. 一个好的组织者考虑问题无微不至。
4) organization n.组织
Most of the food for the homeless is provided by voluntary organizations.
给无家可归者的大部分食物是由志愿组织提供的。
【典例分析】
1.The_________are going to_____________ a sports meeting.
A. organizer; organize B. organizers; organized C. organization; organize D. organizers; organize
【答案】D
【解析】这些组织者将组织一场运动会。
2. —What about having a surprise party for Miss Smith
—Good idea. Let’s discuss when to _______________ the party.
A. organize B. delete C. accept D. solve
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：——给Miss Smit办个惊喜派对怎么样？——好主意，让我们讨论何时组织这个聚会。A. organize组织；B. delete删除；C. accept接受；D. solve解决。根据What about having a surprise party for Miss Smith 可知，此处应表示：组织聚会。故选A。
3. ---What are you going to do this weekend
---We are going to________ a picnic. Would you like to join us
A. choose B. organize C. send D. travel
【答案】B
【解析】动词词义辨析题。根据句意可知，这个周末你打算做什么 我们打算组织一次野餐。你想加入我们吗 choose意为：选择；organize意为：组织；send意为：寄；派遣；travel意为：旅行。
4.China joined the World Trade ___________ (organize) some years ago.
【解析】Organization 组织。名词。
要点 6：lonely
lonely表示“寂寞的，孤寂的”，带有较强感彩，可用作表语或定语；表示“荒凉的，偏僻的”，用来说明地方，多用作定语。例如：
When his wife died, he was very lonely.
太太死后他非常孤独。
The old man lived in the lonely mountain village.
那个老人住在荒凉的山村。
【拓展】lonely与alone的辨析：
lonely作形容词，意为“（人）孤单的，寂寞的”，它更强调一种主观的感觉；alone作形容词和副词，意为“独自的（地），单独的（地）”，它更强调一种客观情况。alone作形容词，在句中只用作表语。例如：
Don’t leave me alone. I will feel lonely.
别留下我一个人，我会觉得孤单的。
区分 alone 与 lonely
alone 形容词和副词 强调客观上“独自一人”，不带有感彩。作形容词时不可作定语。
lonely 形容词 强调情感上“孤独的；寂寞的”，可作定语和表语。 还可意为“偏僻的”，只作定语。
【典例分析】
1. His grandparents live ________ in a small house, but they don't feel ________.
A. lonely; alone B. alone; lonely C. lonely; lonely D. alone; alone
【点拨】B句意：他的祖父母独自住在一个小房子里，但他们并不感到孤独。
考查形容词与副词。alone可以作形容词，也可以作副词，意为“单独，独自”；而lonely只可以作形容词，意为"内心孤独的"。根据句中关键词live可知，要用副词alone来修饰；关键词feel是一个感官系动词，后面应跟形容词lonely。故选B。
2.Nowadays many old people stay at home ________, so they often feel ________.
A. lonely, lonely B. lonely, alone C. alone, lonely D. alone, alone
【点拨】C 句意：现在许多老人独自待在家里，所以他们经常感觉很孤独。
考查形容词和副词用法。lonely孤独的，形容词，带有感彩；alone独自（的），副词和形容词，不带感彩。根据语境可知“老人在家里”讲述的是一个事实，而“他们感觉很孤独”带有强烈的感彩；第一空修饰动词stay用副词alone，第二空系动词feel后跟形容词lonely作表语，故选C。
3.When you feel hopeless and________，just remember you are not________ in the world.
A．alone；alone B．lonely；lonely
C．lonely；alone D．alone；lonely
【点拨】C lonely意为“孤独的，寂寞的”；alone意为“单独，独自”，强调独自一人。
4. 用alone，lonely填空
(1) We should do our homework ________.
【答案】alone
(2) The poor boy is________ and has no friends.
【答案】lonely
(3) It is not convenient to live in a(n) ________ area.
【答案】lonely
(4) I don’t feel ________though I am________ in a strange city.
【答案】alone
（5）The old man lives in a ____________place ____________. He feels ___________ because he doesn’t have any sons or daughters.
【答案】第一空lonely “偏僻的”，只作定语。 第二空，alone 强调客观上“独自一人”，第三空，lonely强调情感上“孤独的；寂寞的”
要点7 pain
pain的用法
(1)作为名词，意为“痛；疼痛”。常用于be in（great）pain，意为“处于极度疼痛之中”。
No pains,no gains.一份耕耘，一份收获。
（2）其形容词为painful，意为“痛苦的”。
【典例分析】
1.老人被车撞了，非常痛苦。
The old man was hit by a car and he was ________ ________ __________.
【答案】in great pain
2.你的腿现在还疼吗？
Is your leg___________ now
【答案】painful
3. My hand is ________ pain. I just cut my hand when I used a knife to cut things.
A．for B．at C．in D．with
【答案】C固定搭配法。in pain是固定搭配，意为“疼痛；痛苦”，故选C。
4.The old man's daughter died last year，so he was in great __________ and __________.
A．sadness；pain B．sad；painful C．sadness；painful D．sad；pain
【答案】A
【解析】句意：这个老人的女儿去年死了，因此他非常的伤心和痛苦。
great 巨大的，形容词修饰名词作定语；sadness伤心，名词；pain痛苦，名词；sad伤心的，形容词；painful痛苦的，形容词；故选A。
5.The boy was badly hurt. He couldn’t help crying because of the .
A. pain B. happiness C. performance D. joy
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查名词辨析。pain意为“疼痛”；happiness意为“幸福；高兴”；performance意为“表演”；joy意为“快乐”。根据题干中的“那个男孩伤得很严重”可推断，他因为“疼痛”忍不住哭了起来，故答案为A。
要点8 spirit
spirit n. 精灵；神灵；精神
【考点】与spirit相关的短语：
be in high spirits情绪高 be in low spirits情绪低 in spirit在精神上
【典例分析】
1.这是一种多么高尚的精神。
What _______ ________ ________ this is!
他情绪低落。
2.He is __________ _________ __________.
【点拨】1.a noble spirit 2.in low spirit
3.On Children’s Day, children receive lots of gifts and are all in high .
A. mind B. minds C. spirit D. spirits
【点拨】D 考查固定搭配。spirit“精神”,in high spirits“情绪高涨”,是固定搭配。
要点9 encourage
encourage 作动词，意为“鼓励”。encourage sb. to do sth.意为“鼓励某人做某事”。例如：
The teacher often encourages us to study hard.
老师经常鼓励我们要努力学习。
encouragement是encourage的名词形式，意为“鼓舞/鼓励”。例如：
The teacher’s words were a great encouragement to him.
老师的话对他是极大的鼓舞。
encourage 词形变化及短语用法：
encourage (v.) 鼓励----->常用短语 encourage sb to do sth鼓励某人去做某事
encourage sb in sth在某事上鼓励某人
courage (n.) 勇气------>常用短语 have the courage to do sth 有勇气去做某事
【典例分析】
1.我们总是被（王老师）鼓励在课上讲英语。
Ms. Wang always _________ __________ ________ speak English in class。
【点拨】encourages us to
2. Tom is shy, but he spoke in front of the class this morning. What great _____ he showed!
A. will B. fun C. pride D. courage
【点拨】本题考查名词辨析。will意为“意志；决心”，fun意为“娱乐；乐趣”，pride意为“自豪感；骄傲”，courage意为“勇气；胆量”，结合语境可知应选D。
3.His coach encouraged him ________ the competition.
A. enter B. entered C. entering D. to enter
【点拨】本题考查动词的用法。encourage sb. to do sth.意为“鼓励某人做某事”，故选D。
4.Miss White encouraged Lucy ________.
A. dance B. dancing C.to dance D. will dance
【点拨】C 句意：怀特小姐鼓励Lucy去跳舞。
考查动词辨析。encourage鼓励，encourage sb. to do鼓励某人做……，不定式作宾语补足语。故选C。
要点10：suffer
suffer (因疾病等)受苦；受折磨
He suffered terribly during the last few days. 在过去的几天里，他痛苦不堪。
suffer from 受……折磨
She suffers from the disease. 她受疾病的折磨。
【典例分析】
1. Some people in the poor village are still s______ from hunger.（根据首字母完成单词拼写）
2.快进来吧，这样你就不会受外面寒冷的折磨。（完成句子）
Come in quickly so you won’t ________ ________ the cold outside.
【答案】1. Suffering 2.suffer from
要点11 lose
（1）lose作及物动词，意为“丢失；失败；走失；（使）失踪”。例如：I lost my wallet yesterday.
我昨天丢了钱包。
It’s only the second time the team has lost a match this season.那仅仅是本赛季该队的第二次失利而已。
（2）lose作不及物动词，意为“失败；经受损失”。例如：
The enemy lost heavily in the battle.
敌人在战争中损失惨重。
We have got so many debts; we have nothing more to lose.
我们已经背负了这么多债务，实在损失不起了。
They lost themselves in the strange city.
他们在陌生的城市里迷了路。
Two ships were lost in the storm.
两艘船在这场暴风雨中遇难。
用法延伸
lose的过去式及过去分词一样，为lost。loser为其名词形式，意为“失败者”。
【典例分析】
1.I'm the _________ in this game. 我是这场比赛中的输家。
2.They are looking for their_________ child. 他们在寻找他们丢失的孩子。
3. It's easy to_________ __________ ________in Venice. 在威尼斯很容易迷路。
【解析】1.loser “失败者” 2.lost 形容词“丢失的” 3.lose your way 迷路。
要点12 belong
belong (不及物动词) 属于，适应，应在（某处）
1. belong to + 名词 / 代词
表示 “属于……”，不能用于被动语态，也不能用于进行时态。
The book belongs to me. 这本书是我的。
This nice bike belongs to Tom. 这辆漂亮的自行车是汤姆的。
2. belong in/at/on + 地点
表示 “应在某处；适合放在某处”
Your pen belongs in your pencil - box. 你的钢笔应该放在文具盒里。
The cups belong on the table. 杯子应该放在桌子上。【辨析】belong to与be
belong to 表示某物“属于”某人，后常跟名词或代词宾格，不能跟名词性物主代词或名词所有格。不能用于进行时态，也不能用于被动语态。
be 表示“是”某人的，后接名词性物主代词或名词所有格
These CDs must belong to Liu Ming. 这些光盘一定属于刘明。
The basketball must be Bob's. 这个篮球一定是鲍勃的。
【典例分析】
1.The book must . She’s the only one who’s studying French.
A. belong to Li Ying’s B. be Li Ying
C. belong Li Ying’s D. belong to Li Ying
【答案】D
【解析】belong to 表示某物“属于”某人，后常跟名词或代词宾格，不能跟名词性物主代词或名词所有格。故答案选D
2. The red car is Jim’s and the blue one me.
A. belongs B. belongs to C. belonged to D. is belonged to
【答案】B
【解析】句意：这部红色轿车是吉姆的，这部蓝色的属于我。
考查belong to的用法。belong to 意为“属于”，是固定短语，排除A；属于不及物动词，无被动语态；排除D；根据连词and前的一般现在时态，故后句也应用一般现在时态。故选B。
3.The sweater belongs to _____________ .( Tom) = The sweater is____________.
【答案】Tom Tom’s
4.Tai Wan ____________(属于) China.
【答案】belongs to
要点13 in order to
in order to 为了，后面加动词原形，表示目的。
We get up early in order to catch the early bus. 我们早起是为了赶上早班车。
in order that 为了，后接从句，作目的状语。
I get up early in order that I can catch the early bus. 我早起是为了赶上早班车。
【典例分析】
1. A lot of famous doctors gathered in Harbin______save “China's most beautiful teacher”
A. so that B. in order to C. in order that D. as a result
【点拨】B in order to 为了，后面加动词原形，表示目的。故答案选B。so that 后面接表示目的的句子。
2. ________ stop more accidents, we should slow down the driving speed.
A. In order that B. In order to C. Thanks for D. Thanks to
【点拨】B。in order to 为了，后面加动词原形，表示目的。
要点14 stop to do/stop doing/stop…from doing
stop的后面可以用动词不定式也可以用动名词作宾语。stop doing表示“停止正在做的事情”；stop to do表示“停下来开始做”的意思。例如：
Now let’s stop reading. 现在咱们停止读书。
Our teacher stopped to look at the boy. 老师停下来看了看那个男孩。
（2）stop还可以构成短语stop somebody/something from doing something表示“阻止某人做某事或者阻止某事发生”。例如：
The trees and grasses can stop the wind from blowing the earth away.
树和草可以阻止风把土吹走。
【典例分析】
1.那场大雪使他未能来我们的聚会。
The heavy snow _____________ __________ __________ __________ to our party.
【答案】stopped him from going
2.The heavy rain stopped them _______ home on time.
A. return B. returning C. returned D. to return
【答案】本题考查固定短语的用法。stop sb. (from) doing sth. 意为“阻止某人做某事”，故选B。
3. You look tired, you must________.
A. stops to work B. stopped working C. stop to work D. stop working
【答案】D你看起来很累，所以你必须停止工作。故答案选D。stop doing sth.表示“停止做某事”
4. In the end, we felt tired, so we stopped ______ a rest.
A. having B. to have C. had D. have
【答案】B 最后，我们感到累，我们停下来休息。故答案选B。stop to do 表示“停下来开始做某事”
5.请停止说话，咱们开始上课。
Please _________ _____________. Let’s start the lesson.
【答案】stop speaking。stop doing sth.表示“停止做某事”
6大雨使我们踢不了球。
The heavy rain ___________ us ___________ ___________ football.
【答案】stopped from playing。stop …from 表示阻止。。。做某事。
7.我们必须阻止人们砍伐树林。
We must ___________people _____________ ____________ down trees.
【答案】stop from cutting。表示阻止。。。做某事。
要点15 raise
1）raise是及物动词，意为“举起,抬起”。例如：
He raised his glass and said，“Your health, Carl.”
他举起了杯子说道：“祝你健康,卡尔” 。
If you want to ask a question, first raise your hand.
如果你要问问题，请先举手。
（2）raise还表示“招募，筹集”。例如：
They are going to raise funds for the school buildings.
他们将为盖校舍筹集资金。
The foolish prince raised an army against his father.
那个愚蠢的王子招募军队反对他的父亲。
（3）raise还表示“提高（音量、某种水平）” 提出，养育。例如：
The ticket price was raised to 30 yuan. 票价上升到了30元。
The speaker raised his voice so that we could hear him.
演讲者提高了声音，以便我们都能听到。
搭配
raise crops 种庄稼
raise a building 造起一座房子
raise a cloud of dust 扬起一片尘土
raise one's voice 提高嗓音
raise funds 筹集资金
raise a question 提出问题
raise the flag 升旗
【重难点】辨析raise与rise
rise 不及物动词，主要指自然物的升高，比如：太阳的升起、涨水、月亮的升起、价格的上涨等 In summer，the temperature sometimes rises as high as 39°C.在夏天，气温有时高达39°C。
raise 及物动词，主要指举起，抬高 She raised her hand before answering the question.回答问题前，她举起了手。
【典例分析】
1. 用raise, rise的正确形式完成下列句子。
（1）He __________ and walked to the window.
（2）He ______ his hat to me as a sign of respect.
（3）The people’s living standard has greatly been ______.
（4）Her temperature is still ______.
【答案】（1）rose (2)raised (3)raised （4）rising
2根据汉语意思完成句子
（1）月亮已经从山上升起。
The moon ________ ________ above the hills.
（2）老板答应要给她加薪水。
The boss promised ________ _________her salary.
【答案】（1）has risen （2）to raise
3.As the curtain________， the famous singer came out. The fans________ and screamed with excitement.
A．was raised; rose B．had been raised; were raised
C．rose; were raised D．had risen; raised
【答案】A
【解析】句意：幕布拉开时，那位著名歌手走了出来。球迷们兴奋地站起来尖叫。 raise是及物动词，意为“举起,抬起”：第一空要用被动语态。幕布被升起。只有及物动词才有被动语态。第二空没有宾语。故用rise。答案选A。
4.Many people complain that some of KFCs in China ________ the price of a hamburger by one yuan.
A．rose B．raised C．dropped D．controlled
【答案】B
【解析 】抬高价格。Raise the price。Raise 后面接宾语。
5. They the glasses between two peoples last year.
A. rise B. raise C. rose D. raised
【答案】D
【解析】句意：去年他们在两个民族之间挑起了隔阂。Raise 及物动词，后面接宾语。
6.-How did your class raise money for the poor old man in hospital
-We organized a book fair on the playground and sold some books and CDs .(同义句替换)
A. collect B. put up C. spend
【答案】raise “筹集，征集”raise money 募捐。
7. 太阳从东边升起，从西边落下。
【答案】The sun rises in the East and sets in the West. Rise 不及物动词。
要点16 ache
（1）ache作名词，意为“痛；隐痛”。例如：
He felt a dull ache in his shoulder. 他感到肩膀隐隐作痛。
（2）作动词，意为“（身体某部位持续且较强烈的）疼痛”。例如：
My tennis elbow began to ache again. 我打网球的手肘又开始痛了。
ache表“疼痛”时，其主语是身体的某部位，而不是“人”。 例如：
My legs ache. 我脚疼。
表示身体部位痛的几种表示
以“头痛”为例，常见I have got a headache. =My head hurts/aches.
=I have a pain in my head
器官名词后缀-ache表示部位疼痛
tooth+ache = toothache （牙痛）
head+ache = headache （头痛）
back+ache= backache（背痛）
stomach+ache = stomachache（胃痛）
ear+ache= earache （耳朵痛）
heart+ache= heartache（心痛）
【典例分析】
1今天早晨起床时，我头疼得厉害。(用几种方法翻译下面句子)
My head ________ _______ when I got up this morning.
= I ______ _______ _______ in my head
=I have ________ _______ ________.
【答案】ached /hurt badly had a pain in a bad headache
2我刚才胃痛得厉害 (用几种方法翻译下面句子)
I had a bad stomachache just now.
= My stomach________ badly just now .
=I _______ _______ ______ in my stomachache just now.
【答案】ached had a bad pain
3 Annie has a ________， and she is going to see her dentist today.
A. cold B. fever C. cough D. toothache
【答案】后面提及看牙医。故答案选D
4. —__________
—I have a headache and I don't want to eat anything.
A. How old are you B. Do you do any exercise
C. What's the matter with you D. How do you like it
【答案】C
【解析】句意：我头痛，什么都不想吃。根据这情景。答案选C。你怎么了？
5．—I’m not feeling well today. I have a headache.
— You’d better go to see the doctor at once.
A．Lucky you! B．You look sad. C．Why not go to sleep D．I’m sorry to hear that.
【答案】D
【解析】句意：——我今天感觉不好，我有点头疼。——听到那我很难过，你最好马上去看医生。A. Lucky you! 祝你好运；B. You look sad.你看起来很伤心；C. Why not go to sleep 为什么不去睡觉；D. I’m sorry to hear that. 听到那我很难过，根据句意故选D。
知识要点二、语法
动词不定式
A 不定式的语法功能
1.作主语
1)眼见为实
________ _________ is to believe
2) 昨天我花2小时做作业。
It _________ me 2 hours _________ __________ my homework yesterday.
3) 对一个13岁的男孩来说，独自去外国旅游真的是很勇敢。
________ brave ________ a 13-year-old boy ________ ________ around the foreign countries alone.
4)对孩子们来说，穿过繁忙的街道很危险。
________ _______very dangerous for children _________ __________ the busy street.
【答案】1) To see 2)took to finish 3)It’s of to travel 4.It is to cross
【解析】2，3，4，题it 是形式主语。不定式作真正主语。
2. 作宾语
习惯接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：agree, ask, choose, decide, hope, learn, offer, plan, promise, want, wish, would like等
1）她希望将来去美国留学
She hopes_________ _________ in America in the future.
2)我想买个新相机。
I want ________ _________ a new camera.
3)她答应会来。
She promised _________ _______.
4)他们决定步行去那儿。
They __________ __________ ____________ there on foot.
【答案】1)to study 2)to buy 3)to come 4)decide to go
【解析】这些不定式都是做宾语。
3.作表语
1)我的梦想是当一名老师。
My dream is ___________ ___________a teacher
2)他似乎很有钱。
He seems __________ ________ very rich.
3)他的任务是照顾好他的妹妹。
His task is______________ _________ ___________his sister well.
【答案】1)to be/become a 2)to be 3)to look after
【解析】这些不定式都是做表语。
4）不定式作宾语补助语
这类结构常见于ask sb. to do sth.
tell sb to do sth
want sb. to do sth.
advise sb. to do
这类动词常有：advise, allow, ask, encourage, help, invite, order, teach, tell, want, wish等。
1）我爸妈不许我晚上外出
My parents don’t allow _________ _______ _______ out at night.
2）老师叫我们把这些单词写下来。
The teacher told _________ _________ ________ ________the words.
3)他鼓励我努力学习
He encouraged _________ ________ ________ hard.
4)他昨天用机器人完成他的作业。
He used _________ _________ ________ _________his home work.
【答案】1)me to go 2)us to write down 3)me to study 4) a robot to finish/do
【解析】这些不定式都是做宾语补助语，补充说明宾语。
5）不定式作状语
1）他来借钱。
He came _________ _________ some money.
2)他每周六都去那照顾病人。
Every Saturday, he went there _________ _________ ______ the patients.
3)很高兴见到你
I am glad_________ _________ you.
【答案】1)to borrow 2)to look after（表示目的状语） 3) to see(表示原因状语)
6）不定式作定语（后面章节再学习）
B 不定式的疑问式
“疑问词+to do”结构，相当于相应的从句
1）他们正在学习如何帮助残疾人。
They are learning _________ _________ _________ disabled people.
2）你知道在哪儿买飞机票吗？
Do you know ____________ _________ ___________ flight tickets
3）他知道什么时候开始。
He knew __________ ___________ ____________.
4)请告诉我下一步做什么。
Please tell me __________ __________ __________ next.
5)打扰一下，请问书店怎么走？
Excuse me, could you tell me _______ _________ _________ ________ to the book shop
C 不定式的否定式
1)老师提醒上课不要睡觉。
The teacher warned Kate ________ _________ ________ in class.
2)老师告诉Sally即使是没有时间也不要放弃弹钢琴.
The teacher told Sally playing the piano even though she had no time
3）警察叫那些孩子不要在马路上玩耍。
The police told the children __________ _______ ________ on the road.
D省略to的不定式
省略to的不定式常有let, make，see, hear，watch。
而help后作宾语或宾补时可以用to，也可以省略to
1）别让小孩玩火。
Don’t _________ your child _________with fire.
2)这喧闹的音乐使我想离开。
The loud music made_________ ___________ to leave.
3)我看见她进了这家医院。
I __________her ____________he hospital.
4)我们经常听到她唱这首歌。
We often__________ her _________this song.
【典例分析】
一 用所给词的适当形式填空
1. The man wishes _________ (travel) around the world.
2. Would you like _________ (visit) the Science Museum
3. Please let me _________ (finish) the report first.
4. Why not offer _______ (help) your mother with some housework
5. You can ask Mary ___________ (organize) the party.
6. Nobody wants __________ (suffer) from this disease.
7. They decided _________ (pay) nothing for the terrible meal.
8. We’ll learn __________ (sing) a beautiful English song tomorrow.
9. Who made Little Tom _____ (do) so much work
10. Our Chinese teacher always encourages us ________ (read) more books.
【答案】1.to travel 2.to visit 3.finish 4.to help 5.to organize 6.to suffer 7.to play 8.to sing
9.do 10.to read
知识要点三、书面表达
【话题分析】
如何写请求批准类英文邮件
本单元以 “Voluntary Activities & Formal Requests” 为主题，聚焦 “学生向老师正式请求批准活动
的沟通规范与表达” 子主题。借由对志愿活动申请邮件的研读、对正式请求类表达的剖析来掌握描述活动规划、提出请求及礼貌致谢的词汇和句型，完成向长辈/老师正式提交活动申请的邮件写作任务。请求批
准类英文邮件写作整体注意事项
一、目的明确：开篇直陈写信核心目的，让收件人快速把握邮件主旨。
二、细节完整：活动相关要素需清晰罗列，为请求批准提供充分依据。完整的细节能体现活动规划的严谨性，增强请求的说服力。
三、语气得体：契合“学生对老师”的沟通场景，全程使用礼貌表达。
四、格式规范：严格遵循英文正式邮件的固定格式，保障沟通的专业性。
Basic structure of how to write an English email asking for permission
【通用表达】
一、志愿者活动的内容
1.筹集资金以帮助有需要的人。
raise money to help people in need.
2.去老人院。
go to the Old People’s Home.
3.去康复中心帮助残疾人。
go to the health recovery center to help disabled people.
4.去儿童之家，教他们讲故事
go to Children Home and teach them to tell stories
5.打扫公园
clean the park
6.探望病人并为他们唱歌
visit patients and sing songs for them
7.参观儿童之家
Visit Children’s Home
8.教那里的孩子们做有趣的活动
teach the children there to do fun activities
9.照顾流浪狗或流浪猫
look after homeless dogs or cats
制作海报宣传活动
Make posters to advertise the activity
二、志愿者活动的目的
1.提供帮助，让他们不再感到孤独。
offer to help them and make them not feel lonely.
2.振奋他们的精神
raise their spirits
3. 给他们带来欢乐与和平
bring them joy and peac
4.让我们的城市更加美丽
make our city more beautiful
5.帮助他们表达自己的感受
help them express their feelings
6.帮助孩子们整理他们的房间
help the children tidy up their rooms
7.让人们懂得助人的意义
Let people understand the significance of helping others
三、开头常用语：明确写感谢信的目的。
我写这封信是为了向您说明我们小组开展志愿活动的计划。
I am writing to you about my group's plans to start a voluntary activity.
2.我写这封信是为了申请您的许可，和同学们一起举办一场志愿活动。
I am writing to apply for your permission to hold a voluntary activity with my classmates.
3.尊敬的老师，我写这封信是想向您说明我们的志愿活动计划，并申请您的许可。
Dear teacher, I'm writing to tell you about our voluntary activity plan and ask for your permission.
四、中间常用语
1.为了帮助他人，我们计划 / 组织活动内容。
In order to help people, we plan to/organize ……
2.我们希望在某月某日，星期几开展活动内容
We would like to do activity on (day, date).
3.我们希望这场志愿活动能给社区的老人带来温暖。
We hope this volunteer activity can bring warmth to the elderly in the community.
4. 通过参与这场活动，我们想学会如何关爱他人、承担社会责任。
By taking part in this activity, we want to learn how to care for others and take social responsibility.
5.我们已经为活动制定了详细的计划，包括任务分工和安全措施。
We have already made a detailed plan for the activity, including the task division and safety measures.
五、结尾语
1.我们热切期待您的回复
We are really looking forward to your reply.
2.如果您能批准我们的申请，我们将非常感激。
We would be very grateful if you could approve our application.
3.再次感谢您的善意与支持。祝好！
Thanks again for your kindness and support. Best wishes!
【范文背诵】
To: Mr. Ma
Subject: Request for a Park Clean-up Activity
Dear Mr. Ma,
I’m writing to ask for permission for our group’s voluntary park clean-up.
To keep the school’s nearby park tidy and beautiful, we plan to pick up litter there this Sunday. Four classmates in our group have signed up to join. We have already prepared enough gloves and bags, and we will also bring a few small tools to pick up the waste in the grass.
We’ll meet at the park gate at 9 a.m. and finish all the work by 10:30 a.m. After cleaning, we will sort the collected litter into different dustbins. Could you let us do this activity Thanks for your help!
We look forward to your reply.
Yours sincerely,
【实战演练一】
假如你是学生会主席苏明，你校师生想在校内举办书展，为开展环保宣传活动筹集资金。请你根据以下内容提示，给王校长写一封信，征得他的同意。词数80左右。
内容包括：
(1)活动原因：全校师生打算在超市附近举办环保宣传晚会，但是资金不足；
(2)活动内容：举办一次书展，筹集资金；
(3)时间和地点：下周三下午4点整，学校操场；
(4)参加人员：全校师生。
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Dear Mr Wang,
I am writing to ask for your permission to hold a book fair at our school. We plan to have a party near the supermarket to ask people to protect the environment. However, we are short of money. So we are going to hold a book fair to raise some money. We would like to begin this activity at 4:00 p.m. next Wednesday on the playground. At that time, all the students and teachers at our school will take part in it. Could you please give us the permission
We are looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Su Ming
【实战演练二】
许多学生喜欢在暑假期间做一些义务性工作。那你想不想在暑假期间做这样的工作呢 请根据以下的内容提示, 写一篇短文, 80词以上, 可适当发挥。
内容包括:
1. 你准备在暑假期间去老人院(old people’s home)做义工;
2. 你将为他们准备一些礼品;
3. 另外，你还会准备一些书送给他们, 陪他们聊天和阅读;
4. 你准备一周去那里三次；
5. 你的感想。
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【答案】
Many students like to do volunteer work during the summer vacation. I also want to do something meaningful instead of just playing at home.
I plan to volunteer at an old people’s home. First, I will prepare some small gifts, like fresh fruit and tasty cookies for the lovely grandpas and grandmas. Then, I will take some interesting storybooks and read with them. I will also chat with them, listen to their old stories and share my school life. I plan to go there three times a week to spend time with them.
I think this volunteer work will make my summer vacation wonderful. It can not only make the old people feel warm and happy, but also let me learn to care for others and be a kind person.
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页）/ 让教学更有效 高效备课备考 | 英语学科
Unit 1 Helping those in need
单元小结
知识目录
学习目标：谈论志愿者的工作。能读懂志愿者这方面的文章。
语法目标：学习不定式的用法。
听说目标：能听懂并谈论志愿者活动的对话或小短文，能说出自己的志愿者的计划。
写作目标：能够写出志愿者活动小短文。
目录
知识要点一、重点单词，短语及句式
要点1 重点单词 默写
要点2 重点短语 默写
要点3 重点句式 默写
【精讲精练】
要点1 volunteer的用法 练习
要点2 offer的用法 练习
要点3 permission的用法 练习
要点4 disabled的用法 练习
要点5 organize的用法 练习
要点6 lonely的用法 练习
要点7 pain的用 练习
要点8 spirit的用法 练习
要点9 encourage的用法 练习
要点10 suffer的用法 练习
要点11 encourage的用法 练习
要点12 lose的用法 练习
要点13 in order to的用法 练习
要点14 stop to do/stop doing/stop…from doing的用法 练习
要点15.raise的用法 练习
要点16. ache的用法 练习
知识要点二、语法
要点1 不定式的用法 13
知识要点三、书面表达
要点1 话题分析 16
要点2 单元写作通用表达 17
要点3经典范文 18
要点4实战演练 19
知识要点一、重点单词，短语及句式。
【重点单词】默写版
1.__________________上了年纪的
2. __________________ v.主动提出
3. __________________adj.严重的
4. __________________ n.疾病
同义词：__________________
5. __________________ n.癌；癌症
6. __________________ n. [pl.]情绪；心境
构成短语：__________________情绪高涨
7. __________________ n.痛苦；苦恼
__________________adj. 痛苦的
8. __________________v.适应;合得来，属于
词组：__________________ 属于
9. __________________adj.空闲的；空余
词组：__________________在…空闲时间内
10. __________________ v.自愿做
__________________ adj. 自愿的
11. __________________ n.高兴;愉快；喜悦
__________________ adj.高兴的
词组：__________________ 高兴地
12. __________________v.丧失；失去
__________________ n 丧失，损失
__________________ adj.丢失的，迷失的
13. __________________ v.筹募
词组：__________________ 募捐
__________________ 使某人振作
14. __________________ n.英镑
15. __________________.准许；许可
词组：__________________请求许可
16. __________________排列；布置
__________________ n.安排
17. __________________ v.捐赠；赠送
18. __________________巨大的；非凡的
19. __________________ adj.令人愉快的; 宜人的
__________________ adj.高兴的，满意的
__________________ n. 开心，高兴
词组：__________________乐意做某事
20. __________________ 减轻，缓解
21. __________________ v. 疼痛，隐痛
复合词：__________________头痛
__________________ 牙痛
【重点短语】默写版
1. _______________________志愿工作
2. _______________________残障人
3._______________________照料；照顾
4._______________________遭受:患.....病
5. _______________________（便）高兴起来
6. _______________________使某人振作
7. _______________________情绪低落
8. _______________________做…有困难
9. _______________________在…的空闲时间
10._______________________报请批准
11._______________________目的在于；为了
12._______________________在危难中
13._______________________徒劳的
14._______________________期待
【重点句式】默写版
1. The children there all_____ _____ ______ _______ like cancer .
那里的孩子都患有癌症等严重疾病。
2. We wanted to______ ______ ______ with some fun activities.
我们想通过一些有趣的活动让他们高兴起来。
3. we organized a painting competition ______ ______ ______ ________.
我们组织了一场绘画比赛来振奋他们的精神
4. We______ ______ ______ _______stories from their own life.
我们鼓励他们讲自己生活中的故事。
5. I volunteered to help______ _________
我自愿帮助残疾儿童
6. Some of them_____ ______ ________ around and ______ ______ _______social activities.
他们中的一些人行动不便，难以参加社会活动。
7. He was ______ ______ _______ because he could not play it any more.
他情绪低落，因为他再也不能踢球了。
8.We plan to visit Children’s Home and teach them to tell stories to help them______ ______ _______.
我们计划参观儿童之家，教他们讲故事，帮助他们表达自己的感受。
9. I am ______ ______ ______ ______ ________ you.
我盼望得到你的回信。
【精讲精练】
要点1 volunteer
volunteer n.志愿者 v.（自愿）做
（1）volunteer（vi）for "自愿做，义务做" 后常跟介词in, for
They volunteer for the work in the club.
他们自愿地俱乐部里参加这项工作
（2）volunteer to do sth. 自愿做某事
He volunteered to clean up the room after the party.
（3）volunteer n. 志愿者
I want to be a volunteer in the city.
【典例分析】
1. Some ________________ are ________________ their time to help the poor in underdeveloped countries.
A. volunteer; volunteer B. volunteers; volunteering
C. volunteering; volunteers D. volunteers; volunteers
2. My friend Tom volunteered ______________ in the countryside two years ago.
A. to work B. work C. working D. works
要点 2：offer
offer v. = be willing to do something 主动提出
常用短语：offer to do sth主动提供干某事
offer one’s hand 伸出友好的手
offer sb. sth. 为某人提供某物
Peter offered to teach them water-skiing. 彼得主动提出教他们滑水。
They have offered me a large sum of money to go away. 他们曾为我提供一大笔搬迁费
辨析：provide, offer的区别：
provide用于表示无主动慷慨之意地为人或物提供需要或有用的东西，仅仅是出于某种责任，强调提供必须用的东西，尤其是生活用品。常用于provide sb. with sth. 或provide sth. for sb. 的固定搭配中。offer表示主动提供服务、工作等。常用于offer sb. sth.或offer sth. to sb. 固定搭配中。例如：offer sb.主动提出帮助某人；offer sb. a good salary 给某人一个好工资。
Somehow she managed to provide her children with food and clothing.
她总算设法使她的孩子有饭吃，有衣穿。
He offered me a glass of wine. = He offered a glass of wine to me. 他端给我一杯酒。
【典例分析】
1.他主动要把他的词典借给我
He________ _________ ________ me his dictionary.。
2.校长要把她的雨衣借给我。
The headmaster___________ ___________ her raincoat.
= The headmaster___________ her raincoat__________ ___________.
3.感谢你主动帮忙。
Thank you for__________ ___________of help.
4. When I’m in trouble, my sister always _________________.
A. offers helping me B. offers to help me C. asks me to help D. asks me at help
5.A lot of heroes ______________ their lives _____________ our country during the earthquake in Sichuan.
A. offer ; to B. offer ; for C. offered ; to D. offered ; /
6.They didn’t provide me food, so I had to find something to eat.
A．for B．to C．about D．with
7. The newly-opened company ________ the local people with more chances to work.
A. gives B. provides C. offers D. shows
8. —In the past five years, China has played an important role in the Belt and Road.
—It has _____ many nations a great chance to communicate.
A. offered B. supported C. included D. provided
要点 3 permission
Permission 准许；批准
Write a letter to the head teacher to ask permission to raise money. 给校长写一封信请求允许筹钱。
【同根词】
permit v. 许可；准许
The guards permitted me to bring my camera and tape recorder. 卫兵准许我带相机和录音机
1)permit sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事
Permit me to offer you some advice. 请允许我向你提些建议。
(2)permit doing sth. 允许做某事
We do not permit smoking in the office. 我们不允许在办公室吸烟。
【典例分析】
(1)The rules of the club do not permit ____________ (smoke).
(2)My parents permitted me _____________(go)to the party.
要点 4：disabled
disabled是形容词，意为“丧失能力的；有残疾的”。
（1）disable v. 使……失去能力
He was disabled in the accident. 他在那次事故中成了残疾。
（2）able adj. 有能力的
We were able to do this. 我们有能力做到这个。
【典例分析】
1.He is old enough to be_______（disabled）to take care of himself.
2.不要嘲笑残疾人。(完成句子)
Don’t laugh at _________ __________.
要点 5：organize
1)organize v. 组织；筹备
We all decided to organize a concert for Easter. 我们一致决定为复活节组织一场音乐会。
2)organized adj. 有组织的
Do you have any connections to organized crime 你参与了任何有组织的犯罪吗？
3)organizer n. 组织者
A good organizer pays attention to detail. 一个好的组织者考虑问题无微不至。
4) organization n.组织
Most of the food for the homeless is provided by voluntary organizations.
给无家可归者的大部分食物是由志愿组织提供的。
【典例分析】
1.The_________are going to_____________ a sports meeting.
A. organizer; organize B. organizers; organized C. organization; organize D. organizers; organize
2. —What about having a surprise party for Miss Smith
—Good idea. Let’s discuss when to _______________ the party.
A. organize B. delete C. accept D. solve
3. ---What are you going to do this weekend
---We are going to________ a picnic. Would you like to join us
A. choose B. organize C. send D. travel
4.China joined the World Trade ___________ (organize) some years ago.
要点 6：lonely
lonely表示“寂寞的，孤寂的”，带有较强感彩，可用作表语或定语；表示“荒凉的，偏僻的”，用来说明地方，多用作定语。例如：
When his wife died, he was very lonely.
太太死后他非常孤独。
The old man lived in the lonely mountain village.
那个老人住在荒凉的山村。
【拓展】lonely与alone的辨析：
lonely作形容词，意为“（人）孤单的，寂寞的”，它更强调一种主观的感觉；alone作形容词和副词，意为“独自的（地），单独的（地）”，它更强调一种客观情况。alone作形容词，在句中只用作表语。例如：
Don’t leave me alone. I will feel lonely.
别留下我一个人，我会觉得孤单的。
区分 alone 与 lonely
alone 形容词和副词 强调客观上“独自一人”，不带有感彩。作形容词时不可作定语。
lonely 形容词 强调情感上“孤独的；寂寞的”，可作定语和表语。 还可意为“偏僻的”，只作定语。
【典例分析】
1. His grandparents live ________ in a small house, but they don't feel ________.
A. lonely; alone B. alone; lonely C. lonely; lonely D. alone; alone
2.Nowadays many old people stay at home ________, so they often feel ________.
A. lonely, lonely B. lonely, alone C. alone, lonely D. alone, alone
3.When you feel hopeless and________，just remember you are not________ in the world.
A．alone；alone B．lonely；lonely
C．lonely；alone D．alone；lonely
4. 用alone，lonely填空
(1) We should do our homework ________.
(2) The poor boy is________ and has no friends.
(3) It is not convenient to live in a(n) ________ area.
(4) I don’t feel ________though I am________ in a strange city.
（5）The old man lives in a ____________place ____________. He feels ___________ because he doesn’t have any sons or daughters.
要点7 pain
pain的用法
(1)作为名词，意为“痛；疼痛”。常用于be in（great）pain，意为“处于极度疼痛之中”。
No pains,no gains.一份耕耘，一份收获。
（2）其形容词为painful，意为“痛苦的”。
【典例分析】
1.老人被车撞了，非常痛苦。
The old man was hit by a car and he was ________ ________ __________.
2.你的腿现在还疼吗？
Is your leg___________ now
3. My hand is ________ pain. I just cut my hand when I used a knife to cut things.
A．for B．at C．in D．with
4.The old man's daughter died last year，so he was in great __________ and __________.
A．sadness；pain B．sad；painful C．sadness；painful D．sad；pain
5.The boy was badly hurt. He couldn’t help crying because of the .
A. pain B. happiness C. performance D. joy
要点8 spirit
spirit n. 精灵；神灵；精神
【考点】与spirit相关的短语：
be in high spirits情绪高 be in low spirits情绪低 in spirit在精神上
【典例分析】
1.这是一种多么高尚的精神。
What _______ ________ ________ this is!
他情绪低落。
2.He is __________ _________ __________.
3.On Children’s Day, children receive lots of gifts and are all in high .
A. mind B. minds C. spirit D. spirits
要点9 encourage
encourage 作动词，意为“鼓励”。encourage sb. to do sth.意为“鼓励某人做某事”。例如：
The teacher often encourages us to study hard.
老师经常鼓励我们要努力学习。
encouragement是encourage的名词形式，意为“鼓舞/鼓励”。例如：
The teacher’s words were a great encouragement to him.
老师的话对他是极大的鼓舞。
encourage 词形变化及短语用法：
encourage (v.) 鼓励----->常用短语 encourage sb to do sth鼓励某人去做某事
encourage sb in sth在某事上鼓励某人
courage (n.) 勇气------>常用短语 have the courage to do sth 有勇气去做某事
【典例分析】
1.我们总是被（王老师）鼓励在课上讲英语。
Ms. Wang always _________ __________ ________ speak English in class。
2. Tom is shy, but he spoke in front of the class this morning. What great _____ he showed!
A. will B. fun C. pride D. courage
3.His coach encouraged him ________ the competition.
A. enter B. entered C. entering D. to enter
4.Miss White encouraged Lucy ________.
A. dance B. dancing C.to dance D. will dance
要点10：suffer
suffer (因疾病等)受苦；受折磨
He suffered terribly during the last few days. 在过去的几天里，他痛苦不堪。
suffer from 受……折磨
She suffers from the disease. 她受疾病的折磨。
【典例分析】
1. Some people in the poor village are still s______ from hunger.（根据首字母完成单词拼写）
2.快进来吧，这样你就不会受外面寒冷的折磨。（完成句子）
Come in quickly so you won’t ________ ________ the cold outside.
要点11 lose
（1）lose作及物动词，意为“丢失；失败；走失；（使）失踪”。例如：I lost my wallet yesterday.
我昨天丢了钱包。
It’s only the second time the team has lost a match this season.那仅仅是本赛季该队的第二次失利而已。
（2）lose作不及物动词，意为“失败；经受损失”。例如：
The enemy lost heavily in the battle.
敌人在战争中损失惨重。
We have got so many debts; we have nothing more to lose.
我们已经背负了这么多债务，实在损失不起了。
They lost themselves in the strange city.
他们在陌生的城市里迷了路。
Two ships were lost in the storm.
两艘船在这场暴风雨中遇难。
用法延伸
lose的过去式及过去分词一样，为lost。loser为其名词形式，意为“失败者”。
【典例分析】
1.I'm the _________ in this game. 我是这场比赛中的输家。
2.They are looking for their_________ child. 他们在寻找他们丢失的孩子。
3. It's easy to_________ __________ ________in Venice. 在威尼斯很容易迷路。
要点12 belong
belong (不及物动词) 属于，适应，应在（某处）
1. belong to + 名词 / 代词
表示 “属于……”，不能用于被动语态，也不能用于进行时态。
The book belongs to me. 这本书是我的。
This nice bike belongs to Tom. 这辆漂亮的自行车是汤姆的。
2. belong in/at/on + 地点
表示 “应在某处；适合放在某处”
Your pen belongs in your pencil - box. 你的钢笔应该放在文具盒里。
The cups belong on the table. 杯子应该放在桌子上。【辨析】belong to与be
belong to 表示某物“属于”某人，后常跟名词或代词宾格，不能跟名词性物主代词或名词所有格。不能用于进行时态，也不能用于被动语态。
be 表示“是”某人的，后接名词性物主代词或名词所有格
These CDs must belong to Liu Ming. 这些光盘一定属于刘明。
The basketball must be Bob's. 这个篮球一定是鲍勃的。
【典例分析】
1.The book must . She’s the only one who’s studying French.
A. belong to Li Ying’s B. be Li Ying
C. belong Li Ying’s D. belong to Li Ying
2. The red car is Jim’s and the blue one me.
A. belongs B. belongs to C. belonged to D. is belonged to
3.The sweater belongs to _____________ .( Tom) = The sweater is____________.
4.Tai Wan ____________(属于) China.
要点13 in order to
in order to 为了，后面加动词原形，表示目的。
We get up early in order to catch the early bus. 我们早起是为了赶上早班车。
in order that 为了，后接从句，作目的状语。
I get up early in order that I can catch the early bus. 我早起是为了赶上早班车。
【典例分析】
1. A lot of famous doctors gathered in Harbin______save “China's most beautiful teacher”
A. so that B. in order to C. in order that D. as a result
2. ________ stop more accidents, we should slow down the driving speed.
A. In order that B. In order to C. Thanks for D. Thanks to
要点14 stop to do/stop doing/stop…from doing
stop的后面可以用动词不定式也可以用动名词作宾语。stop doing表示“停止正在做的事情”；stop to do表示“停下来开始做”的意思。例如：
Now let’s stop reading. 现在咱们停止读书。
Our teacher stopped to look at the boy. 老师停下来看了看那个男孩。
（2）stop还可以构成短语stop somebody/something from doing something表示“阻止某人做某事或者阻止某事发生”。例如：
The trees and grasses can stop the wind from blowing the earth away.
树和草可以阻止风把土吹走。
【典例分析】
1.那场大雪使他未能来我们的聚会。
The heavy snow _____________ __________ __________ __________ to our party.
2.The heavy rain stopped them _______ home on time.
A. return B. returning C. returned D. to return
3. You look tired, you must________.
A. stops to work B. stopped working C. stop to work D. stop working
4. In the end, we felt tired, so we stopped ______ a rest.
A. having B. to have C. had D. have
5.请停止说话，咱们开始上课。
Please _________ _____________. Let’s start the lesson.
6大雨使我们踢不了球。
The heavy rain ___________ us ___________ ___________ football.
7.我们必须阻止人们砍伐树林。
We must ___________people _____________ ____________ down trees.
要点15 raise
1）raise是及物动词，意为“举起,抬起”。例如：
He raised his glass and said，“Your health, Carl.”
他举起了杯子说道：“祝你健康,卡尔” 。
If you want to ask a question, first raise your hand.
如果你要问问题，请先举手。
（2）raise还表示“招募，筹集”。例如：
They are going to raise funds for the school buildings.
他们将为盖校舍筹集资金。
The foolish prince raised an army against his father.
那个愚蠢的王子招募军队反对他的父亲。
（3）raise还表示“提高（音量、某种水平）” 提出，养育。例如：
The ticket price was raised to 30 yuan. 票价上升到了30元。
The speaker raised his voice so that we could hear him.
演讲者提高了声音，以便我们都能听到。
搭配
raise crops 种庄稼
raise a building 造起一座房子
raise a cloud of dust 扬起一片尘土
raise one's voice 提高嗓音
raise funds 筹集资金
raise a question 提出问题
raise the flag 升旗
【重难点】辨析raise与rise
rise 不及物动词，主要指自然物的升高，比如：太阳的升起、涨水、月亮的升起、价格的上涨等 In summer，the temperature sometimes rises as high as 39°C.在夏天，气温有时高达39°C。
raise 及物动词，主要指举起，抬高 She raised her hand before answering the question.回答问题前，她举起了手。
【典例分析】
1. 用raise, rise的正确形式完成下列句子。
（1）He __________ and walked to the window.
（2）He ______ his hat to me as a sign of respect.
（3）The people’s living standard has greatly been ______.
（4）Her temperature is still ______.
2根据汉语意思完成句子
（1）月亮已经从山上升起。
The moon ________ ________ above the hills.
（2）老板答应要给她加薪水。
The boss promised ________ _________her salary.
3.As the curtain________， the famous singer came out. The fans________ and screamed with excitement.
A．was raised; rose B．had been raised; were raised
C．rose; were raised D．had risen; raised
4.Many people complain that some of KFCs in China ________ the price of a hamburger by one yuan.
A．rose B．raised C．dropped D．controlled
5. They the glasses between two peoples last year.
A. rise B. raise C. rose D. raised
6.-How did your class raise money for the poor old man in hospital
-We organized a book fair on the playground and sold some books and CDs .(同义句替换)
A. collect B. put up C. spend
7. 太阳从东边升起，从西边落下。
要点16 ache
（1）ache作名词，意为“痛；隐痛”。例如：
He felt a dull ache in his shoulder. 他感到肩膀隐隐作痛。
（2）作动词，意为“（身体某部位持续且较强烈的）疼痛”。例如：
My tennis elbow began to ache again. 我打网球的手肘又开始痛了。
ache表“疼痛”时，其主语是身体的某部位，而不是“人”。 例如：
My legs ache. 我脚疼。
表示身体部位痛的几种表示
以“头痛”为例，常见I have got a headache. =My head hurts/aches.
=I have a pain in my head
器官名词后缀-ache表示部位疼痛
tooth+ache = toothache （牙痛）
head+ache = headache （头痛）
back+ache= backache（背痛）
stomach+ache = stomachache（胃痛）
ear+ache= earache （耳朵痛）
heart+ache= heartache（心痛）
【典例分析】
1今天早晨起床时，我头疼得厉害。(用几种方法翻译下面句子)
My head ________ _______ when I got up this morning.
= I ______ _______ _______ in my head
=I have ________ _______ ________.
2我刚才胃痛得厉害 (用几种方法翻译下面句子)
I had a bad stomachache just now.
= My stomach________ badly just now .
=I _______ _______ ______ in my stomachache just now.
3 Annie has a ________， and she is going to see her dentist today.
A. cold B. fever C. cough D. toothache
4. —__________
—I have a headache and I don't want to eat anything.
A. How old are you B. Do you do any exercise
C. What's the matter with you D. How do you like it
5．—I’m not feeling well today. I have a headache.
— You’d better go to see the doctor at once.
A．Lucky you! B．You look sad. C．Why not go to sleep D．I’m sorry to hear that.
知识要点二、语法
动词不定式
A 不定式的语法功能
1.作主语
1)眼见为实
________ _________ is to believe
2) 昨天我花2小时做作业。
It _________ me 2 hours _________ __________ my homework yesterday.
3) 对一个13岁的男孩来说，独自去外国旅游真的是很勇敢。
________ brave ________ a 13-year-old boy ________ ________ around the foreign countries alone.
4)对孩子们来说，穿过繁忙的街道很危险。
________ _______very dangerous for children _________ __________ the busy street.
2. 作宾语
习惯接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：agree, ask, choose, decide, hope, learn, offer, plan, promise, want, wish, would like等
1）她希望将来去美国留学
She hopes_________ _________ in America in the future.
2)我想买个新相机。
I want ________ _________ a new camera.
3)她答应会来。
She promised _________ _______.
4)他们决定步行去那儿。
They __________ __________ ____________ there on foot.
3.作表语
1)我的梦想是当一名老师。
My dream is ___________ ___________a teacher
2)他似乎很有钱。
He seems __________ ________ very rich.
3)他的任务是照顾好他的妹妹。
His task is______________ _________ ___________his sister well.
4）不定式作宾语补助语
这类结构常见于ask sb. to do sth.
tell sb to do sth
want sb. to do sth.
advise sb. to do
这类动词常有：advise, allow, ask, encourage, help, invite, order, teach, tell, want, wish等。
1）我爸妈不许我晚上外出
My parents don’t allow _________ _______ _______ out at night.
2）老师叫我们把这些单词写下来。
The teacher told _________ _________ ________ ________the words.
3)他鼓励我努力学习
He encouraged _________ ________ ________ hard.
4)他昨天用机器人完成他的作业。
He used _________ _________ ________ _________his home work.
5）不定式作状语
1）他来借钱。
He came _________ _________ some money.
2)他每周六都去那照顾病人。
Every Saturday, he went there _________ _________ ______ the patients.
3)很高兴见到你
I am glad_________ _________ you.
6）不定式作定语（后面章节再学习）
B 不定式的疑问式
“疑问词+to do”结构，相当于相应的从句
1）他们正在学习如何帮助残疾人。
They are learning _________ _________ _________ disabled people.
2）你知道在哪儿买飞机票吗？
Do you know ____________ _________ ___________ flight tickets
3）他知道什么时候开始。
He knew __________ ___________ ____________.
4)请告诉我下一步做什么。
Please tell me __________ __________ __________ next.
5)打扰一下，请问书店怎么走？
Excuse me, could you tell me _______ _________ _________ ________ to the book shop
C 不定式的否定式
1)老师提醒上课不要睡觉。
The teacher warned Kate ________ _________ ________ in class.
2)老师告诉Sally即使是没有时间也不要放弃弹钢琴.
The teacher told Sally playing the piano even though she had no time
3）警察叫那些孩子不要在马路上玩耍。
The police told the children __________ _______ ________ on the road.
D省略to的不定式
省略to的不定式常有let, make，see, hear，watch。
而help后作宾语或宾补时可以用to，也可以省略to
1）别让小孩玩火。
Don’t _________ your child _________with fire.
2)这喧闹的音乐使我想离开。
The loud music made_________ ___________ to leave.
3)我看见她进了这家医院。
I __________her ____________he hospital.
4)我们经常听到她唱这首歌。
We often__________ her _________this song.
【典例分析】
一 用所给词的适当形式填空
1. The man wishes _________ (travel) around the world.
2. Would you like _________ (visit) the Science Museum
3. Please let me _________ (finish) the report first.
4. Why not offer _______ (help) your mother with some housework
5. You can ask Mary ___________ (organize) the party.
6. Nobody wants __________ (suffer) from this disease.
7. They decided _________ (pay) nothing for the terrible meal.
8. We’ll learn __________ (sing) a beautiful English song tomorrow.
9. Who made Little Tom _____ (do) so much work
10. Our Chinese teacher always encourages us ________ (read) more books.
知识要点三、书面表达
【话题分析】
如何写请求批准类英文邮件
本单元以 “Voluntary Activities & Formal Requests” 为主题，聚焦 “学生向老师正式请求批准活动
的沟通规范与表达” 子主题。借由对志愿活动申请邮件的研读、对正式请求类表达的剖析来掌握描述活动规划、提出请求及礼貌致谢的词汇和句型，完成向长辈/老师正式提交活动申请的邮件写作任务。请求批
准类英文邮件写作整体注意事项
一、目的明确：开篇直陈写信核心目的，让收件人快速把握邮件主旨。
二、细节完整：活动相关要素需清晰罗列，为请求批准提供充分依据。完整的细节能体现活动规划的严谨性，增强请求的说服力。
三、语气得体：契合“学生对老师”的沟通场景，全程使用礼貌表达。
四、格式规范：严格遵循英文正式邮件的固定格式，保障沟通的专业性。
Basic structure of how to write an English email asking for permission
【通用表达】
一、志愿者活动的内容
1.筹集资金以帮助有需要的人。
raise money to help people in need.
2.去老人院。
go to the Old People’s Home.
3.去康复中心帮助残疾人。
go to the health recovery center to help disabled people.
4.去儿童之家，教他们讲故事
go to Children Home and teach them to tell stories
5.打扫公园
clean the park
6.探望病人并为他们唱歌
visit patients and sing songs for them
7.参观儿童之家
Visit Children’s Home
8.教那里的孩子们做有趣的活动
teach the children there to do fun activities
9.照顾流浪狗或流浪猫
look after homeless dogs or cats
制作海报宣传活动
Make posters to advertise the activity
二、志愿者活动的目的
1.提供帮助，让他们不再感到孤独。
offer to help them and_____ _____ _____ _______.
2.振奋他们的精神
_______ ______ ________
3. 给他们带来欢乐与和平
bring them _____ ______ _____
4.让我们的城市更加美丽
make our city more beautiful
5.帮助他们表达自己的感受
help them ______ _______ _______
6.帮助孩子们整理他们的房间
help the children______ ______ ______ their rooms
7.让人们懂得助人的意义
Let people understand the significance of helping others
三、开头常用语：明确写感谢信的目的。
我写这封信是为了向您说明我们小组开展志愿活动的计划。
I am writing to you about my group's plans to start a voluntary activity.
2.我写这封信是为了申请您的许可，和同学们一起举办一场志愿活动。
I am writing to apply for your permission to hold a voluntary activity with my classmates.
3.尊敬的老师，我写这封信是想向您说明我们的志愿活动计划，并申请您的许可。
Dear teacher, I'm writing to tell you about our voluntary activity plan and ask for your permission.
四、中间常用语
1.为了帮助他人，我们计划 / 组织活动内容。
In order to help people, we plan to/organize ……
2.我们希望在某月某日，星期几开展活动内容
We would like to do activity on (day, date).
3.我们希望这场志愿活动能给社区的老人带来温暖。
We hope this volunteer activity can bring warmth to the elderly in the community.
4. 通过参与这场活动，我们想学会如何关爱他人、承担社会责任。
By taking part in this activity, we want to learn how to care for others and take social responsibility.
5.我们已经为活动制定了详细的计划，包括任务分工和安全措施。
We have already made a detailed plan for the activity, including the task division and safety measures.
五、结尾语
1.我们热切期待您的回复
We are really looking forward to your reply.
2.如果您能批准我们的申请，我们将非常感激。
We would be very grateful if you could approve our application.
3.再次感谢您的善意与支持。祝好！
Thanks again for your kindness and support. Best wishes!
【范文背诵】
To: Mr. Ma
Subject: Request for a Park Clean-up Activity
Dear Mr. Ma,
I’m writing to ask for permission for our group’s voluntary park clean-up.
To keep the school’s nearby park tidy and beautiful, we plan to pick up litter there this Sunday. Four classmates in our group have signed up to join. We have already prepared enough gloves and bags, and we will also bring a few small tools to pick up the waste in the grass.
We’ll meet at the park gate at 9 a.m. and finish all the work by 10:30 a.m. After cleaning, we will sort the collected litter into different dustbins. Could you let us do this activity Thanks for your help!
We look forward to your reply.
Yours sincerely,
【实战演练一】
假如你是学生会主席苏明，你校师生想在校内举办书展，为开展环保宣传活动筹集资金。请你根据以下内容提示，给王校长写一封信，征得他的同意。词数80左右。
内容包括：
(1)活动原因：全校师生打算在超市附近举办环保宣传晚会，但是资金不足；
(2)活动内容：举办一次书展，筹集资金；
(3)时间和地点：下周三下午4点整，学校操场；
(4)参加人员：全校师生。
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【实战演练二】
许多学生喜欢在暑假期间做一些义务性工作。那你想不想在暑假期间做这样的工作呢 请根据以下的内容提示, 写一篇短文, 80词以上, 可适当发挥。
内容包括:
1. 你准备在暑假期间去老人院(old people’s home)做义工;
2. 你将为他们准备一些礼品;
3. 另外，你还会准备一些书送给他们, 陪他们聊天和阅读;
4. 你准备一周去那里三次；
5. 你的感想。
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