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Unit 4 Our animal friends
单元小结
学习目标：本单元谈论我们的动物朋友。能掌握描述动物的单词及句式，能读懂这方面的文章。
语法目标：学习反身代词和方位介词的用法。
听说目标：能听懂并介绍某个动物小短文，能简单介绍一个小动物。
写作目标：学会写一个小故事。
目录
知识要点一、重点单词，短语及句式
要点1 重点短语 练习
要点2 重点句式 练习
【精讲精练】
要点1 allow的用法 练习
要点2 apologize的用法 练习
要点3 arrive/reach的用法 练习
要点4 fall asleep的用法 练习
要点5 guard的用法 练习
要点6 as soon as的用法 练习
要点7 probably的用法 练习
要点sometime，sometimes,some time, some times的区别和用法 练习
要点9 appear的用法 练习
要点10 lead，lead to的用法 练习
要点11 in front of…/ in the front of…的用法 练习
要点12 between的用法 练习
要点13 before long的用法 练习
要点14 put out及构成短语的用法 练习
要点15 turn into及turn构成的短语的用法 练习
要点16 over的用法 练习
要点17 effort的用法 练习
要点18 because of和because的用法 练习
要点19 wake up的用法 练习
要点20 hear sb.do和hear sb. doing的用法 练习
要点21 both...and...的用法 练习
要点22 either的用法 练习
知识要点二、语法
要点1 反身代词用法 23
要点2 方位介词的用法 25
知识要点三、书面表达
要点1 话题分析 27
要点2 词汇短语积累 28
要点3句式积累 29
要点4实战演练 30
【重点短语】
1.到达：arrive at（+ 小地点）/arrive in（+ 大地点）/get to/reach
2.独自：by myself
3.带领……：lead...to
4.入睡：fall asleep
5.醒来：wake up
6.扑灭：put out
7.发现，查明：find out
8.引起某人注意：catch one's attention
9.在某人的帮助下：with one's help
10.趴下：get down
11.不久之后：before long
12.变成：turn into
13.过去常常：used to
14.一…… 就……：as soon as
15.一会儿后：after a while
16.饲养不同种类的宠物：raise/keep different types of pets
17.允许某人做某事：allow sb. to do sth.
18.爬出……：climb out of...
19.…… 的重要来源：an important source of...
20.选择做某事：choose to do sth.
【重点句式】
1.我双目失明，对我来说独自四处走动很困难。
I'm blind, and it's hard for me to get around by myself.
2.接待员道了歉，然后把约翰和查理领到他们的房间。
The receptionist apologized and led John and Charlie to their room.
3.他们的房间在八楼，所以他们无法从窗户爬出去。
Their room was on the eighth floor, so they couldn't climb out of the window.
4.在查理的帮助下，约翰在门底部放了一些湿衣服。
With Charlie's help, John put some wet clothes along the bottom of the door.
5.这家餐厅不允许带狗，所以我们不能带我们的狗一起。
The restaurant doesn’t allow dogs, so we cannot bring our dog with us.
6.当他找到约翰时，他迅速地帮助他站起来，并试图把他从大楼里弄出来。
When he found John, he quickly helped him get up and tried to get him out of the building.
7.消防车运载水和灭火设备来灭火。
A fire engine carries water and equipment for putting out fires.
8.桌子旁边有一株植物，上面站着两只鹦鹉。
Beside the desk there is a plant with two parrots sitting on it.
9.驯化的故事大约在 15000 到 23000 年前始于亚洲某地。
The story of domestication started somewhere in Asia about 15,000 to 23,000 years ago.
10.它们为人们提供牛奶和肉，并且它们也是优良的役用动物。
They provided people with milk and meat, and they were also good working animals.
【精讲精练】
要点1：allow
allow作为及物动词，意为“允许，准许”，后接动名词做宾语，通常不接不定式，allow doing sth“允许做某事”常用结构如下：
(1)allow doing sth. 允许做某事
(2)allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事
(3)allow sb. sth. 让某人拥有某物(尤指钱或时间)
(4)allow + that ... 承认……
【典例分析】
1. Drivers shouldn't be allowed___________ after drinking，or they will break the law.
A. drive B. driving C. to drive D. drove
【答案】C。allow sb to do 允许某人做某事。其被动形式。Be allowed to do sth. 故答案选C。
2. We don’t allow ________ in the library.
A . make B. making C. to make D. made
【答案】B。allow doing sth. 允许做某事。故答案选B
3.My mother ______us ______TV after we finished our homework.
A. allow; watch B. allow; watching C. allowed; to watch D. allowed; watching
【答案】C解析：句意： 我们做完作业后，妈妈允许我们看电视。根据 after we finished our homework，可知时态是一般过去时，allow sb to do，固定搭配，允许某人做某事，故选C。
4.Our teacher doesn’t allow us ________ our mobile phone to school.
A. bring B.to bring C. bringing D. brought
【答案】B
【解析】句意：我们的老师不允许我们把手机带到学校。
本题考查固定用法。A. bring动词原形；B. to bring动词不定式；C. bringing 动名词或现在分词；D. brought过去式或过去分词。根据固定用法allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事;准许某人做某事。可知，此空故填to bring。故选B。
5. 我父母不允许我晚上出去。
My parents don't _______ _______ ________go out at night.
=I ________ _________ _________ ________go out at night by my parents.
【答案】allow me to am not allowed to
要点 2：apologize
apologize v. 道歉
apologize v. 道歉。 apologize to sb. for sth. 因某事向某人道歉
apology n. 道歉
make an apology to sb. = apologize to sb. = say sorry to sb.向某人道歉
I apologize for being late. 我为迟到道歉。
We received a letter of apology. 我们收到了一封致歉信。
【典例分析】
1. If he knows he was wrong, I will accept his _______ (apologize).
2.You should apologize to him. （选出可以替换画线部分的最佳选项）
A. say hello B. say sorry C. say yes
3.He apologized ____ Mary____ being rude to her.
A. to; to B. for; to C. to; for
【答案】1.apology 道歉 名词。 2. B apologize to sb. = say sorry to sb向某人道歉.
3.C apologize to sb. for sth. 因某事向某人道歉
4.He realized his mistake and decided to ______ to his teacher.
A. apologize B. explain C. complain D. report
【答案】A
【解析】意识到错误后通常会向老师道歉，“apologize to sb.” 表示 “向某人道歉”，B 选项 “explain（解释）”，C 选项 “complain（抱怨）”，D 选项 “report（报告）”，根据语境选 A
要点 3. arrive/reach v.到达；抵达
They arrived at the school before the bell rang.在铃响之前他们到达了学校。
辨析reach, arrive和get
(1)arrive不及物动词，后接宾语时要加介词in(大地点)或at(小地点)。
I arrived in Beijing last night.我昨天晚上到达了北京。
(2)reach及物动词，后面可以直接加宾语。
Finally we reached the top of the mountain.最终我们到达了山顶。
get作“到达”讲，后接宾语时要加介词to。
When did you get to the park 你什么时候到公园的？
注意：当arrive, get后接表示地点的副词，如here, there, home等时，则不用介词，即arrive/get＋地点副词。
词语 大地点 小地点 其他副词
arrive +in +at arrive here, arrive there, arrive home
reach reach +地点 reach here, reach there, reach home
get get to+地点 get here, get there, get home
【典例分析】
1.My uncle _______ the airport at 9:00 pm yesterday.
A. arrived B. got C. reached D. appeared
【答案】C
【解析】句意：我叔叔昨天晚上9点到达机场。A. arrived是不及物动词，后接宾语时要用介词at或in；B. got是不及物动词，后接宾语时要用介词to；C. reached是及物动词，后直接接宾语；D. appeared出现。句子My uncle _______ the airport at 9:00 pm yesterday.中的the airport前，没有任何介词，因此用动词reach。语境是：我叔叔昨天晚上9点到达机场。故选C。
2. Jim has _________ China for two years.
A. been to B. come to C. arrived in D. been in
【答案】D
【解析】arrive in 到达。非延续性动词。不能于一段时间连用。
3.Susan will _______ Beijing next Monday morning.
A. reach to B. get to C. arrive at D. go
【答案】B
【解析】句意：苏珊下周一上午将到达北京。A. reach是及物动词，后直接接宾语,不需要要to；B. get是不及物动词，后接宾语时要用介词to；C. arrive是不及物动词，后接宾语时要用介词at或in；达到Beijing 用in D. go后面跟宾语要用to。句子Susan will _______ Beijing next Monday morning. 中的Beijing前，没有任何介词，因此用动词reach。语境是：苏珊下周一上午将到达北京。故选A。
要点 4：fall asleep
fall asleep 入睡； 睡着
比较 go to bed, go to sleep, fall asleep的用法。
1.go to bed”意为 “上床睡觉”，强调动作，例如：
I go to bed at 10 p.m. every day.我每天晚上 10 点上床睡觉。
2.go to sleep 意为 “入睡，睡着”，强调进入睡眠状态的过程，例如：
He lay in bed for a long time but couldn't go to sleep.
他躺在床上很久但无法入睡。
She tried to go to sleep but her mind was too active.
她努力入睡但脑子太活跃。
3.fall asleep 意为 “睡着，入睡”，侧重于指不知不觉地入睡，例如：
She was so tired that she fell asleep quickly. 她太累了，很快就睡着了。
The baby fell asleep in his mother's arms. 宝宝在妈妈怀里睡着了。
【辨析】sleepy, sleep与asleep
sleepy 形容词，意为“困倦的；瞌睡的”，在句中既可做定语，又可做表语
sleep 既可做动词，又可做名词，意为“睡觉；睡眠”
asleep 形容词，意为“睡着的；在睡觉的”，在句中只能做表语，be asleep意为“睡着的”；fall asleep意为“入睡”
He looks sleepy. 他看起来很困倦。
I didn't have a good sleep last night. / I didn't sleep well last night. 我昨晚睡得不好。
Were you asleep or awake when I opened the door
【典例分析】
1.选词填空：sleepy; asleep与sleep
1）I often ________ for 8 hours every night.
2）My father fell ________ while he was reading a book.
3）The little boy couldn’t go on studying because he felt ________.
4） Don’t make a noise because there is a baby _____(sleep) nearby.
5）Some students are often________ (sleep) while having classes in the afternoon.
6）Your sister falls __________.If you feel ___________， please go to ___________.
【答案】 1）sleep 2）asleep 3）sleepy 4）sleeping 5）sleepy 6）asleep sleepy sleep
2. He________ at about eight o'clock and he________ after a while.
A．fell asleep; went to sleep B．went to bed; fell asleep
C．was asleep; went to bed D．went to bed; was sleepy
【答案】B
【解析】go to bed 强调“上床睡觉”这一动作； fall asleep 强调“入睡”这一过程。
3 .He felt ________， so he went to ________ and fell ________ soon.
A．sleepy; asleep; sleep B．sleepy; sleep; asleep
C．sleep; sleep; sleep D．asleep; sleep; sleepy
【答案】B
【解析】feel sleepy意为“感到困倦”；go to sleep意为“去睡觉”；fall asleep意为“入睡”
4. The astronaut is so tired that he _____ for eleven hours.
A. has been asleep B. has fallen asleep
C. has gone to bed D. has gone to sleep
【答案】A
【解析】be asleep 能表示状态。 其余3个词组都表示动作，不可以与一段时间连用。
5.Tom was too tired after finishing his homework and he soon.
A. sleep B. fell asleep C. sleeping D. to sleep
【答案】B
【解析】句意：汤姆完成作业后太累了，他很快就睡着了。
sleep睡觉， fall asleep睡着，fall的过去式为fell。根据was可知此处用一般过去时，故选B。
6.He goes to bed very late every day, so he often feels _________.
A. asleep B. sleeping C. sleepy D. sleep
【答案】C
【解析】sleepy“有睡意但没有睡着”符合题意。
7. She was very tired and was fast________
A. asleep B. slept C. sleepy D. sleep
【答案】A
【解析】asleep 作形容词，意为“睡着的”，只能作表语.
要点 5：guard
作动词：
及物动词： “保护”“守卫” 也可指 “看守”“控制” 以防内部人外逃等。宾语通常是人，宾语后常接介词 from 表示 “保护某人或某物不受……” 。例如：
Parents should guard their children from danger.父母应该保护孩子免受危险。
与 against 连用表示 “防止”“预防”。例如：
We should guard against catching a cold.我们应该预防感冒。
作名词：
不可数名词：指抽象的 “守卫”“警戒”“警惕” 的行为，引申可作 “防御姿势” 解。例如：The soldiers are on guard all day.（士兵们整天处于警戒状态。）
可数名词：意思是 “卫兵”“哨兵”“警卫人员”，例如：
There are two guards at the gate.门口有两个卫兵
【典例分析】
1.The soldiers were ordered to ______ the bridge day and night.
A. protect B. defend C. guard D. preserve
【答案】C
【解析】A 选项 “protect” 通常指采取手段使某人或某物免受伤害、损失等；B 选项 “defend” 侧重于抵御来自外部的攻击、威胁等；C 选项 “guard” 强调看守、保卫，常指站岗、巡逻等方式保卫，符合士兵日夜守卫桥梁的语境；D 选项 “preserve” 主要表示保护、保存，使事物维持原样不被破坏。这里是士兵奉命日夜守卫桥梁，用 “guard” 最合适，所以选 C。
2.She always tries to ______ her privacy.
A. keep B. hold C. guard D. maintain
【答案】C
【解析】：A 选项 “keep” 有保持、保留等多种意思，但在此处表达保护隐私不太准确；B 选项 “hold” 主
要意思为握住、持有等，不符合语境；C 选项 “guard” 有保护、捍卫之意，guard one's privacy 表示保
护某人的隐私，符合题意；D 选项 “maintain” 通常表示维持、维修、主张等，与隐私搭配不合适。所以
答案是 C。
要点 6：as soon as
As soon as的用法
一经...;立即...;一...就...
as soon as表示一......就，其中的从句通常用一般现在时表示将来时。
这个短语用的比较常用，口语和书面语都可以。它的特点是，在句子中的位置比较灵活，而且可以用于各种时态。例如：
1.指未发生的动作，规律是：主句一般将来时，从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时
如：I will tell him the news as soon as he comes back。
注：有时，为了特意表达刚刚完成某事就如何如何，需要用现在完成时。
如：I will go with you as soon as I have washed my face.
2、指紧接着发生的两个短动作，主从句都用一般过去时
如 He took out his English books as soon as he sat down
不过，我也见过从句和主句都用一般现在时的情况。
如：As soon as he finishes his classwork, he runs out of the class. 他一做完课堂作业，就跑出了教室。
He jumped out of bed as soon as he was called.一听到有人叫他，他立即跳下床来。
【典例分析】
1. Phone me _______ you get to Wuzhong．
A．since B. so that C. as soon as D. while
【答案】C
【解析】句意 “你一到达吴中就给我打电话”。考查状语从句。A项意为“自从”，可接时间点，引导时间状语从句；B项意为似便，为了，可引导目的状语从句：C项意为 “一……就”，可引导： 时间状语从句；D项意为，当……时候”，可引导时间状语从句。注意while不和瞬间动词连用。句意为：你一到达吴忠就打电话给我。C
3.Jack's mother was so tired. She fell asleep she lay down on the bed.
A. until B. as soon as C. unless D. although
【答案】B
【解析】句意：Jack的妈妈是如此的累，她一躺在床上就睡着了。until直到…时候，引导时间状语从句；as soon as一…就…，引导时间状语从句；unless除非，如果不，引导条件状语从句；although尽管，虽然，引导让步状语从句。根据句意可知应选B。
要点7：probably
probably adv. 大概; 或许; 很可能
英语中表示可能的方式使用情态动词may / might 以外, 还可以通过will 以及表示"可能" 的形容词和副词表达.
常用的有:
It is possible to do sth…; It is possible that …;
主语 + will probably / possibly + v 等.
(1) Is it possible to visit Alaska in December
十二月去阿拉斯加游览有可能吗
(2) It is possible that it'll be snowy in the night.
晚上有可能会下雪.
(3) It'll probably be cold and wet.
天气很可能会又湿又冷.
注: probably 表示"很可能", 所以表示的可能性要比 possible 大.
【典例分析】
用probably possible/ possibly填空
1.It's ________ for us to finish the job before 7 o'clock.
2.The twins said they would ________ go to Australia for the winter holiday.
3. Is it ________ to get there by bus
4. You are ________ right. You can do it by yourself.
5. It will ________ snow tomorrow morning.
【答案】1.possible 2. probably /possibly 3. possible 4. probably / possibly 5. probably /possibly
6.Would it be ________ for me to leave a message for her
A. able B. possible C. possibly D. probably
【答案】B句意：我给她留个口信怎么样呢？根据句意这里要表达“可能的”，但是able 表示一种能力，所以排除A，另外空前有be动词，所以后要跟形容词，C、D都是副词形式，故选B。
要点8 some time
some time意为“一些时间”。
sometimes 频度副词 有时 表示动作发生的不经常性，多与一般现在时连用，它可位于句首、句中或句末，对它提问用how often。
some times 名词短语 几次；几倍 其中time是可数名词，对它提问用how many times。
sometime 副词 某个时候 表示某个不确切或不具体的时间，常用于过去时或将来时，对它提问用when。
some time 名词短语 一段时间 表示＂一段时间＂，句中谓语动词常为延续性动词。对它提问用how long。
Sometimes I get up very late. 有时我起床很晚。
I have read the story some times. 这个故事我读了好几遍。
I will go to Shanghai sometime next week. 下周的某个时间我要去上海。
I’ll stay here for some time. 我将在这儿待一段时间。
【典例分析】
1. I need to spend _____________doing my homework. So I can’t go with you.
A. sometimes B. some times C. sometime D. some time
【答案】D
【解析】句意：我需要花点时间做作业。所以我不能和你一起去。Some time 一段时间，符合句意。
2.________ my mother goes to work by bus.
A．Sometime B．Some time C．Sometimes D．At time
【解析】C
【解析】此题用正确把握语境法。根据此句的句意“________我妈妈乘公交车上班。”可知，只有sometimes“有时候”符合句子的语境。
3. Usually, Sally has noodles for breakfast. ________she has hamburgers.
A. Sometimes B. Sometime C. Some times D. Some time
【答案】A
【解析】句意：通常，萨莉早餐吃面条。有时她吃汉堡包。考查副词辨析题。本句缺副词状语，CD选项都是名词短语，不可做状语，可排除。sometimes有时，表频率；sometime在某时，表不确定时间。根据句意语境，可知sometime不合句意，故选A。
4. I hope I will go to the Moon _________. I also hope this day will come soon.
A. Sometimes B. Sometime C. Some times D. Some time
【答案】B
【解析】Sometime 某时，可以用于一般过去时态，也可以用于将来时态中。表示某个时候，有朝一日等意思。句意：我希望有一天我能去月球。我也希望这一天会很快到来。
5. Maybe our English teacher will ask us to finish the homework______ today, but I guess he will forget it______ because he is too busy.
A. sometime; some times B. sometime; sometimes
C. some time; sometime D. sometimes; some time
【答案】B
【解析】句意：也许我们的英语老师今天会要求我们某个时候完成作业，但我想他有时会忘了，因为他太忙了。答案B符合题意。
要点 9：appear
appear v. 出现
appearance 外貌，外观；出现，露面
disappear v. 消失
appear用作连系动词，其意为“似乎，好像”，其后的表语可以是：
【典例分析】
1.The man ______________ (appear), and he never came back.
2.We care so much about our _______________ (appear).
3.She is a TV hostess and she appears on TV every night.（选出可以替换画线部分的最佳选项）
A. takes on B. shows up C. looks up
【解析】1.appeared 动词。出现。 2. appearance 名词，外貌，外观 3.B show up出现
4.一条蛇突然出现在农民面前，咬了他。
A snake suddenly _________in front of the farmer and bit him.
【答案】appeared
5.那些云似乎不久会消失的。
The clouds will ___________ ___________ __________.
【答案】appear to disappear
6.I was surprised that Jim____________ at the party. I heard he went to America last year.
A. won B. appeared C. stopped D. ordered
【答案】 B
【解析】句意：我很惊奇吉姆出现在聚会上，我听说他去年去美国了。win赢；获胜；appear出现；stop停止；order命令；订购。根据句意，故答案为B。
要点10 lead
lead的用法
（1）作为及物动词，意为“领导；率领；（过）某种生活”。
常用于以下表达中：
①lead sb.to do sth.，意为“带领某人去做某事”。
Our coach led us to beat Class 1 in the basketball match.
我们教练带领我们在篮球赛中击败了一班。
lead a happy life,意为“过上幸福的生活”。
The young couple led a happy life from then on.
从那时起，这对年轻的夫妇过上了幸福的生活。
（2）作为不及物动词，意为“通向”，常用于lead to sp.,意为“通往某地”。
All roads lead to Rome.条条大道通罗马。
【典例分析】
1.我的父亲引导我帮助处在困境中的人。
My father_________ me __________ people in trouble.
【答案】leads to help. lead sb.to do sth.，意为“带领某人去做某事”
2.这条路通向旅馆。
This road _____________ the hotel.
【答案】leads to lead to 意为“通向”
3. 他的勤奋导致他的成功。
His hard work _________his success.
【答案】lead s to lead to 意为“导致”
4.在下一届选举中谁将领导这个政党？
Who will _________the party in the next election？
【答案】lead
5.王先生领着我们走出了森林。
Mr. Wang _______ us _____out of the forest.
【答案】led to
要点11 in front of…/ in the front of…
in front of…
in front of… 在…(范围之外的) 前面
in the front of… 在…(范围之内的) 前部
【典例分析】
1.我站在你们的前面.
I’m standing _________________you.
【点拨】in front of 在…(范围之外的) 前面
2.我站在教室的前面.
I’m standing ________________ the classroom.
【点拨】in the front of 在…(范围之内的) 前部.
3.你前面的那个男孩是谁？
Who is the boy ________________ you
【点拨】in front of 在…(范围之外的) 前面
4.The library is _______ the classroom.
A. next B. in front C. in the front of D. next to
【点拨】D句意：图书馆挨着教室。in the front of，在内部的前面。next to，挨着，图书馆不可能在教室内部，故答案是D。
要点12 between
between是一个介词，常和and连用，构成短语between…and…，表示“在……和……之间”，用于两者之间。
between和among 的区别
between指在两者之间。 among指在三者或三者以上的之间。
例如：between the post office and the market
【典例分析】
1.A book is _______ a pen _______ a computer.
A. in; and B. between; and C. in; or D. between; or
【点拨】B句意：一本书在钢笔和计算机间。between...and，在……和……之间，固定搭配，故选B。
2.He is the tallest _________the students in our class.
A．among B. between C. in
【点拨】句意：在我们班学生中他个头最高。among指在三者或三者以上的之间。
要点13
Before long 表示“不久之后”或“很快” ：
1.通常用于表示未来的时间点，表示某件事情将在不久的将来发生。
I hope to see you again before long.我希望不久能再见到你
2.可以用于描述某个动作或事件在短时间内发生。表示“在短时间内”或“很快” ：
Before long he came to a small village.不久他来到了一个小村庄
Before long, other forces will do the same.
不久以后，其它势力将同样这样做
【典例分析】
1.He said he would come back __________.
A. long before B. before long C. long ago D. after long
【答案】B
【解析】A 选项 “long before” 表示 “很久以前”，常用于过去完成时；C 选项 “long ago” 也表示 “很久以前”，常用于一般过去时；D 选项 “after long” 表述错误，没有这种用法。B 选项 “before long” 意为 “不久”，符合题意，此句表示他说他不久后会回来，所以选 B。
2.The rain will stop __________. We can go out then.
A. long before B. before long C. long ago D. long after
【答案】B
【解析】A 选项 “long before”、C 选项 “long ago” 意思是过去的 “很久以前”，不符合句子描述即将发生的事情的语境；D 选项 “long after” 表达 “很久之后”，通常用法不是这样单独置于句末，且不符合句子 “雨不久就会停” 的意思。B 选项 “before long” 表示 “不久”，符合句子表达雨很快会停，我们之后就能出去的语境，所以选 B。
要点14 Put out
1.熄灭（火、灯等）：如灭火，关灯。
The firefighters put out the fire quickly.
2.发布、发表：比如发布消息、声明。
The company put out a press release yesterday.
Put构成的短语
put off：推迟，延迟
put on：穿上；举办（活动）
put away：收起来，储存
put down：放下；记下；批评
put forward：提出（建议等）
Put up 搭建，张贴
【典例分析】
1.消防车运载水和灭火设备来灭火。
A fire engine carries water and equipment for________ _______ fires.
【答案】 putting out
2.他戴上眼镜看报。
He__________ __________ a pair of glasses and read the newspaper.
【答案】 put on
3.The firefighters managed to ______ the big fire in the building.
A. put on B. put out C. put up D. put away
【答案】B
【解析】选项 A：“put on” 常见意思为 “穿上；上演” 等，如 “put on clothes（穿上衣服）”“put on a play（上演一场戏）”，不符合 “消防员处理大火” 的语境，所以 A 选项错误。选项 B：“put out” 有 “扑灭（火）” 的意思，消防员成功扑灭大楼里的大火，符合语境，所以 B 选项正确。选项 C：“put up” 有 “张贴；搭建；举起” 等意思，例如 “put up a poster（张贴海报）”“put up a tent（搭建帐篷）”，与 “扑灭大火” 无关，所以 C 选项错误。选项 D：“put away” 意思是 “把…… 收拾好”，如 “put away your books（把你的书收拾好）”，不符合题意，所以 D 选项错误。
4．用put构成的短语填空
1）We will _________ the new play next month.
2）The sports meet will be ____________because of the bad weather.
3）_________ the books ________ after reading.
4）__________the gentleman’s address.
5）It took the fire---fighters four hours to _________ the fire.
6）Many new high buildings have been __________ in our city.
【答案】1.put on 上演 2. put off 推迟 3.Put away 收拾，整理好 4.put down 记下 5. put out熄灭 6. put up 建造
要点15
turn into意思是“变成” 例句 ：
The rain turned into snow overnight.雨在一夜之间变成了雪。
He turned his hobby into a successful business.他把爱好变成了成功的生意。
turn还构成了许多其他短语：
turn on ：打开（电器、自来水、煤气等）。
turn off ：关上（电器、自来水、煤气等）
turn up ：出现；找到；（把收音机等）开大点。
turn down ：（把音量等）关小；拒绝。
turn over ：打翻；使倾倒；反复考虑。
turn to ：翻到（页码）；转向（某人求帮助、建议等）。
turn out ：结果是；证明是。
【典例分析】
1.新闻时间到了，请打开电视机。
It’s time for the news. Please ______ _________ the TV.
2.你能把电视声音调低一点吗？
Can you _______ _______ the TV a bit
3.当你离开房间时要关灯。
_______ _______ the lights when you leave the room.
4.第二天，小溪里的水变成了褐色的水。
The water in the brook _______ ________ brown water the next day.
【答案】1.turn on 2.turn down 3.turn off 4.turns into
5. The result______ that the man had nothing to do with this case.
A. turned out B. turned around C. turned to D. turned off
【答案】A
【解析】句意：结果证明那个人与这件事毫无关系。A. turned out证明；B. turned around 转身，C. turned to转向；D. turned off关掉。结合句意可知，答案为A。
6. He__________and returned to the room, __________the TV and then left home.
A. turned around ,turned off B. turned off, turned around
C.turned into, turned to D.turned up, turned down
【答案】A
【解析】他转身回到房间关上电视机然后离开。turned around转身 turned off关上 turned up调高（音量或热度） turned down意为“调低（音量或热度）”turned into 使……变成…… turned to 转身面对。根据句意转身回到房间，关上电视故答案选A
要点16
“over” 用作介词，表示 “在…… 期间；经过（一段时期）”。强调了在数千年的时间段内，宠物狼逐渐变成了狗。
Over常见的基本用法有：
1.表示 “在…… 之上；越过”，例如：
The bridge is over the river.桥在河上。
2.表示 “超过；多于”，如：
Over 50 people attended the meeting.超过 50 人参加了会议。
3.表示 “遍及；在…… 各处”，如：
She traveled all over the world.她游遍了世界各地。
【典例分析】
一、指出over的用法
1.The bridge is over the river.
【答案】over表示“在…… 之上”
2.There are over two hundred people at the meeting.
【答案】over表示“超过；多于”
3.He has traveled all over the world.
【答案】over表示“遍及；在…… 各处”
4.There is a lamp over the table.
【答案】over表示“在…… 之上”
5.He has been away for over a month.
【答案】over表示“超过；多于”
6.News spread all over the town.
【答案】over表示“遍及；在…… 各处”，
7.We had a good time over the holiday.
【答案】over表示“在…… 期间；经过（一段时期）”
8.The car turned over in the accident.
【答案】over表示“倒转”
要点17
effort主要用作名词，努力，艰难的尝试。例如：
He made a great effort to finish the project on time.
他为了按时完成项目付出了巨大的努力。
常见短语及例句
1.make an effort ：表示“作出努力”，
Please make an effort to get there on time.请尽力按时到达那里。
2.spare no effort ：意思是“不遗余力，不计代价”
I'll spare no effort to help you.我将不遗余力地帮助你。
3.put effort into ：表示“对某事付出很大力气”。
They are putting effort into reducing waste.他们正在努力减少浪费。
【典例分析】
1.他决定再做一次努力。
He decided to________ ________ _______ ________.
【答案】make one more effort
2.Learning a foreign language needs a certain___________ no matter how easy it is.
A. excuse B. luck C. effort D. chance
【答案】C
【解析】 ：句意学习一门外语不管多么容易，都需要一定的_______。Excuse借口，原因。 luck运effort努力。chance机会。根据题意用选C
3.It takes a lot of ______ to learn a new language.
A. effort B. energy C. power D. force
【答案】A。
【解析】energy “能量”；power“权力，力量”；force“武力，力量”；effort “努力”，学习新语言需要很多努
力，选 A。
要点18 because of
because of和because是同义词，都可以表示原因，但是，because的后面用句子；because of的后面用名词、代词或者动名词短语形式。例如：
I was late this morning because I missed the first bus.
我今天早上迟到是因为我没能赶上第一班公共汽车。
We couldn’t have the sports meeting last Sunday because of the rain.
我们上个星期天没能召开运动会是因为下雨了。
【典例分析】
1. 用because和because of填空。
(1) _he is ill, he is absent today.
(2)He is not at school his illness.
(3)He can’t come the heavy rain.
(4)We like physics we can learn a lot of ideas.
(5)The students didn’t need to go to school __________ ____ the storm.
【答案】 1.because 2.because of 3. because of 4.because 5. because of
2.He was ill, so he didn’t go to school. （同义句改写）
_____________ he was ill, he didn’t go to school.
【答案】Because
3. He couldn’t walk because his leg was broken. （同义句改写）
He couldn’t walk ____________ ________ his _________ leg.
【答案】because of broken
4. I came back because it was raining heavily. （同义句改写）
I came back ___________ ________ the ________ rain.
【答案】 because of heavy
5. ______ I don’t have enough money, ______ I can’t afford the car.
A. /; so B. Because; so C./; and D./; because
【答案】A because通常用来回答why提出的问题，与so不能同时使用。
6. He didn’t go to school yesterday ____ he was ill.
A. because B. because of C. if D. so
【答案】because 后面通常接句子，表示“原因”。Because of 接短语。
7. I didn’t go to the party not________ the weather, but _______I didn’t feel well.
A. because of; because B. because; because of
C. because; because D. because of; because of
【答案】A句意：我没去聚会不是因为天气，而是因为我感觉不舒服。
because of 和because都表示原因，区别是前者后面接名词性短语，后者接从句。前文根据the weather可知用because of，后者根据I didn't feel well可知用because。故选A。
要点19. wake up
The snow melts, and nature wakes up after the long winter.
雪融化了，漫长的冬天过后，大自然苏醒了
1. 及物动词 ：可以接名词或代词作宾语，表示 “唤醒或弄醒某人”。例如，
She wakes her son up at 7 every morning to let him go to school on time.
2.不及物动词 ：表示 “醒来”或 “处于醒的某种状态”。例如，
You have to wake up now, baby. 该起床了，宝贝儿。
What time do you usually wake up in the morning ”
通常你早晨几点钟醒？
【典例分析】
1.Will you please _____ at six tomorrow morning I’ll do morning exercises. But my clock is broken.
A. take my temperature B. show me around C. pick me up D. wake me up
【答案】D
【解析】句意：明天早晨6点你能把我叫醒吗？我要做早操，但是我的闹钟坏了。A. take my temperature 量体温；B. show me around 带我参观；C. pick me up捎带；D. wake me up叫醒；根据I’ll do morning exercises. But my clock is broken.可知是叫醒；故选D。
2. Don’t ________ your little brother, Amy. He needs a good sleep.
A. grow up B. make up C. get up D. wake up
【答案】D
【解析】句意：不要吵醒你的弟弟，艾米。他需要好好睡一觉。
考查动词短语。grow up长大；make up编造；get up起床；wake up吵醒。根据“He needs a good sleep.”可知是别吵醒他。故选D。
要点20
hear sb./sth.+动词原形：听见某人/某物（经常/过去）做…….
hear sb./sth.+动词-ing: 听见某人/某物正在做…….
I heard her play the piano in her room last night.
I hear her playing the piano in her room now.
hear sb. doing sth. 听到某人正在做某事
【经典例句】
When I passed the room, I heard someone singing inside.
当我路过房间的时候，我听到有人在里面唱歌。
【考点聚焦】
1）注意区别hear sb. do和hear sb. doing:
hear sb. do sth.表示“听到某人做某事的全过程”。
hear sb. doing sth.表示“听到某人正在做某事”。
2)注意掌握hear的其他短语：
hear about听说关于…… hear of听说……
hear that ...听说…… hear from收到……的来信
还有see 和watch 还有类似用法
【典例分析】
1.—Is Tom in the next room
—Well, it's hard to say. But I heard him _____ loudly when I passed by just now.
speak B. to speak C. spoken D. speaking
【答案】D
【解析】由 when I passed by just now 可知，是强调动作正在进行，hear sb. doing sth. 听见某人正在做某事，现在分词短语作宾语补足语。
2.While I was walking along the lake, I saw some fish________ out of the water.
A．jumped B．to jump C．jumping D．are jumping
【答案】
【解析】。see sb doing sth看见某人正在做某事，see sb do sth看见某人做了某事。根据句意，当我沿着湖边散步时，我看见一些鱼从水里跳出来。故答案选C。
3.She was heard________ books.
A．to read B．reads C．read D．to be read
【答案】A
【解析】see sb do sth看见某人做了某事。被动语态to要加上。
4.I saw some boys basketball on the playground.
A. play B.to play C. played D. playing
【答案】D
【解析】句意：我看见一些男孩正在操场上打篮球。see sb doing sth看见某人正在做某事，see sb do
sth看见某人做了某事。根据句意，表示看见一些男孩正在打篮球，故用playing，故选D。
5.突然，我看到一只小熊在玩一些树枝和石头。
Suddenly, I ________ a baby bear ________ ________ some sticks and stones.
【答案】saw playing with
6.He saw his mother___________(do)housework when he got up earlier.
【答案】doing 表示看到某人正在做某事
7. I often see her ____________(dance) in the park.
【答案】dance 表示看到某人做了某事
要点21
both...and... …和…(两者)都
both...and... 意为“……和……(两者)都”,用于连接两个并列的句子成分。作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
Both Kate and Tom are from Class Three, Grade One.凯特和汤姆都来自一年级三班。
Lucy can speak both Italian and Greek.露西既会讲意大利语又会讲希腊语。
【知识拓展】
not only...but also... 不但……而且…… 连接并列成分,当连接并列主语时,谓语动词与 but also后面的主语在人称和数上保持一致
neither...nor... 既不……也不…… 连接两个主语时,谓语动词与nor后面的主语在人称和数上保持一致
either...or... 或者……或者…… 连接两个主语时，谓语动词与or后面的主语在人称和数上保持一致
Not only you but also Li Lei is coming here.
不但你,而且李雷也要来这儿
★ Neither Lily nor I am a student.莉莉和我都不是学生
★ Tom can neither play the piano nor play chess.
汤姆既不会弹钢琴也不会下国际象棋。
★ You can either stay at home or go shopping on Sunday.星期天你可以待在家里或者去购物。
★ Either you or I am wrong.不是你错了,就是我错了
【典例分析】
1. —Which show do you prefer, Running Man or The Reader
—The Reader, of course. ________ I ________ my brother likes it.
A. Both; and B. Neither; nor C. Either; or D. Not only; but also
【答案】D
【解析】 both...and……和……都；neither...nor既不……也不；either...or或者……或者；not only...but also不但……而且。根据句意推断A和D项都符合句意，both...and连接并列主语时，谓语动词用复数；not only...but also连接并列主语时，谓语动词形式遵循“就近原则”，根据句中likes推断选D。
2.—What have you learnt after three years' study in China, Maria
—I was taught ________ knowledge ________ good manners.
A．either; or B．both; and C．neither; nor D．not; but
【答案】B
【解析】考查短语辨异。A．either; or 或者…或者。 B．both， and 和…(两者)都 C．neither; nor 既不。。。也不 D．not; but 不是。。。而是。 根据句意：我不仅学到了知识，还学到了礼貌。故答案选B
3----Jim, how do your parents like country music
----_____ my dad _____ my mom likes it. They both like country music.
A．Either, or B．Neither, nor C．Not only, but also D．Both, and
【答案】C
【解析】句意：--蒂姆，你的父母觉得乡村音乐怎么样？--不但爸爸喜欢，而且妈妈也不喜欢，他们都喜欢乡村音乐。根据后半句：他们都喜欢乡村音乐，either…or 或者…或者，表示两者之一；neither…nor 两者都不，既不，也不；Not only…but also 不仅…而且；both …and 两个都，主语是两个人。Not only…but also…… 句型要根据最近的主语确定谓语动词，本题中的 likes 是第三人称单数，故选C。
完成句子not only ….. but also neither……nor either…… or both……and
4.在学校老师们不仅给我们传播知识而且还教我们如何做人。
At school teachers teach us ________ _________ knowledge_______ _______ how to be good.
5．他和我还没有看过这部电影。
__________ he ___________ I __________ ____________ the film yet.
6. 只有一张入场券，杰克和你当中只能一个人去看时装展。
There is only one ticket. ________ Jack ________ you will go to the fashion show.
7. 肯特和孩子们都不想去动物园。
_________ Kent _________ the children wanted to go to the zoo.
8,John 和Peter 在电影院看见Jolie 时，都很吃惊
_______ ________ John ______ ________ Peter ________ surprised when they saw Jolie in the cinema.
_______ John ______ Peter ________ surprised when they saw Jolie in the cinema.
9, 只有一个座位，要不你去，要不我去。
There is only one seat, ________ you _______ I can go.
【答案】4.not only but also 5.Neither nor have seen 6.either or 7.Both and 8.Not only but also was
Both and were 9.either or
要点22 either
1.either 作限定词：意为 “（两者之中的）任何一个”，后接单数可数名词。例如：
You can park on either side of the street.你可以在街道两边任何一边停车。
2.either 作代词：意为 “（两者之中）任何一个”，单独使用或与 of 连用，of 后接复数名词或代词宾格。例如：Either of the books is interesting.这两本书任何一本都有趣。
3.either 作副词：常用于否定句，放在句末，意为 “也”。例如：
I don't like this movie. My sister doesn't like it either.我不喜欢这部电影。我妹妹也不喜欢。
4.相关短语：
either...or...：意为 “要么…… 要么……；不是…… 就是……”，连接两个并列成分，如并列主语、谓语、宾语等。当连接两个主语时，谓语动词遵循就近原则。例如：
Either you or he has to clean the classroom.要么你要么他得打扫教室。
【典例分析】
1.I don't like this book. My sister doesn't like it, ____.
A. too B. also C. either D. as well
【答案】C
【解析】这几个词都有 “也” 的意思。too 和 as well 常用于肯定句，且 too 一般置于句末，as well 通常也放在句末，前面不用逗号；also 常用于肯定句，一般放在句中；either 用于否定句，放在句末。此句是否定句，所以选 either。
2.There are two ways to the station. You can choose ______ way.
A. either B. neither C. both D. all
【答案】A
【解析】either 表示 “两者中的任何一个”，此句意思是 “去车站有两条路，你可以选择任何一条路”。neither 表示 “两者都不”；both 表示 “两者都”，后接复数名词；all 表示 “三者或三者以上都”，这里说两条路选其一，所以选 A。
3.______ of the twins is good at singing. They both sing badly.
A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. All
【答案】B
【解析】从 “They both sing badly.（他们俩唱歌都不好听）” 可知，双胞胎两人都不擅长唱歌。either 表示 “两者中的任何一个”；neither 表示 “两者都不”；both 表示 “两者都”；all 表示 “三者或三者以上都”，所以这里选 B。
4.You can ______ come with me now or walk home.
A. either B. neither C. both D. all
【答案】A
【解析】“either...or...” 是固定搭配，意思是 “要么…… 要么……” ，此句表示 “你要么现在跟我一起走，要么走路回家” 。neither...nor... 表示 “既不…… 也不……”；both 常与 and 搭配；all 不与 or 构成类似结构，所以选 A。
5.—Which of the two books do you want
—______ is OK. I don't mind.
A. either B. both C. all D. any
【答案】A
【解析】由 “the two books” 可知是两本书，“either” 表示 “两者中的任何一个”，“both” 表示 “两者都”，
这里回答说哪本都行，不介意，是指两本中的任意一本，所以用 “either”，“both” 的话谓语动词要用复数，
“all” 用于三者或三者以上，“any” 用于三者或三者以上，所以选 A。
6.There are many fruits here. You can take ______ of them.
A. either B. both C. all D. any
【答案】D
【解析】“either” 表示 “两者中的任何一个”；“both” 表示 “两者都”；“all” 表示 “三者或三者以上都”；“any” 表示 “三者或三者以上中的任何一个”。这里说有很多水果，强调众多水果中的任意一个，所以用 “any”，选 D。
一、反身代词构词法
数 人称
第一人称 第二人称 第三人称
单数 myself yourself himself, herself, itself
复数 ourselves yourselves themselves
a. 作动词或介词的宾语。
b. 作主语或宾语的同位语。
C. 含有反身代词的常见短语：
enjoy oneself 玩得开心
by oneself 独自
teach oneself 自学
talk / say to oneself 自言自语think
of oneself 考虑自己
help oneself to … 请随便吃点……
lose oneself in … 沉迷于……
dress oneself 给自己穿衣服
introduce oneself 介绍自己
make oneself at home 别拘束；随便
hurt oneself 伤到自己
【典例分析】
一、用适当的反身代词或介词完成句子
1. My friends had a nice time in London. They enjoyed ________________ very much.
2. He never thinks about others. He only thinks about __________.
3. She makes all her clothes __________.
4. Simon, did you paint the room __________
5. We cleaned the room ______________.
6.Help ____________ (you) to some vegetables, Jim and Jack.
7. Bad luck! I cut _______ with a knife yesterday.
【答案】1. themselves 2.himself 3.herself 4.yourself 5.ourselves 6.yourselves 7.myself
二、介词
1．方位介词用法
（1）In 表示在……的里面。
如：in the class；in the desk. 注意：在书上，在图画上，虽然我们中文说的是“上”，但英文表达中都需要用 in the book；in the picture.
（2）．On 表示在……的上面；通常是与物体接触的上面。
如：on the desk；on the table.
（3）．behind 表示在……的后面。
如： behind the door；behind the wall，指的是在整个物体的后面，有时有藏在后面的意思。
如果指在物体内部的后面，表示在……的后部，则不用这个词。
（4）．In front of / in the front of表示在……的前面。
注意：加the的短语表示在一个物体内部的前面。
如：he teacher is teaching in the front of the classroom.
（5）in the tree/ on the tree都可以表示在树上。
但如果是长在树上的东西，用介词on，而如果不是树上本身长的东西则用in。
如：There is an apple on the tree. There is a bird in the tree.
（6）in the middle of 在……的中间/中心。
如：There is a boat in the middle of the river.
（7）under 表示在某物垂直的正下方，两者之间不接触。
例如： under the tree 在树下 under the chair 在椅子下
（8）above在……上方，高于……；below在……下方，低于……, below和above互为反义词。如：
The plane flies above the clouds. 飞机在云层上飞。
（9） next to紧靠着; beside / by / near在旁边；在附近。如：
The little girl sat next to her mother. 小女孩紧挨着妈妈坐着。
（10） between 在两者之间; among 在……（三者及以上）之间。如：
He is standing between you and me. 他站在你我之间。
He is standing among us. 他站在我们之间。
（11）over在……上方；under在……下方，under和over互为反义词。如：
There is a light over the desk. 书桌上方有一盏灯。
【典例分析】
一、从方框中选择合适的介词或介词短语填空
for；with；about；of；next to；on； in front of；behind；in；like with between
1. This is a photo _____________ Ben's friends.
2. What can I do ____________ you
3. I like books ___________ many pictures.
4. What's the weather __________ in Hangzhou
5. Jim is American. What ___________ you
6. There is an apple tree __________ my house.
7. There are some bags ___________ the door.
8. Class Five is __________ Class Six.
9. —Where are my books —They are _________ the box.
10. There is a map of China ____________ the wall.
11.The woman __________ big eyes is Lingling's mother.
12. He sits__________ Kate and Tom
【点拨】1. of 2. for 3. with 4. like 5. about 6. in front of 7. behind 8. next to
9. in 10. on 11.with 12.between
二、根据后面汉语提示填写方位词
1.My books are _______the table. 我的书在桌子上。
【点拨】on。表示在……的上面；通常是与物体接触的上面。
2.My pen is __________the bag. 我的笔在包里。
【点拨】in In 表示在……的里面。
3.There are some trees _______________our classroom. 我们教室前面有一些树。
【点拨】In front of表示在……的前面（外部）。
4.There is a cat _________the door. 门后面有一只猫。
【点拨】behind表示在……的后面。
5.My mum’s parents are___________________.我妈妈的父母在左边。
【点拨】on the left
6.Lucy sit _____________________. Lucy坐在我的右边。
【点拨】on the right
7.There is a library ___________ sports hall __________dining hall.图书馆在体育馆和饭堂之间
【点拨】between and between是一个介词，常和and连用，构成短语between…and…，表示“在……和……之间”，用于两者之间。
8.I sit ___________________________of the classroom.我坐在教室的中间
【点拨】in the middle
三、根据句意，用正确的反身代词完成句子或对话。
1. Those girls enjoyed___________ (they) at the park yesterday.
【答案】themselves
【解析】昨天那些女孩在公园玩得很开心。反身代词作宾语。
2. The film___________ (it) is very funny.
【答案】itself
【解析】这部电影本身很有趣。反身代词做主语同位语。
3. — Does your mother teach you Maths
—No, I teach_________ (I).
【答案】myself
【解析】-你妈妈教你数学吗？ -不，我自学。反身代词作宾语。
4. My father will repair the car by_________ (he).
【答案】himself
【解析】我父亲将独自修理汽车。by himself 独自地
5. She is looking at_________ (she) in the mirror.
【答案】herself
【解析】她正在照镜子。反身代词作宾语。
【话题分析】
话题分析（一）动物帮助人的故事
本单元谈论动物是我们朋友，以记叙文的形式讲述动物是我们的朋友，动物对人类提供许多帮助，如reading里面 导盲犬帮助主人火海脱困，listening谈论各种狗对人类的帮助，而listening讲海豚救人的故事。以故事的形式讲述动物是我们的朋友。写作内容渗透着本单元的话题和语言目标——同时要求我们通过本课学习掌握故事写作的基本特点和结构。学会如何谋篇布局，写作前要列提纲思考故事前，故事中，结尾的发生的事情。
一、在写作过程中要明确以下几点：
1.写作前列提纲。
2. 确定时态，应主要一般过去时态为主。
3. 写作时，一般以时间故事情节发展为主线。
4. 注意连接词运用。Next, then, at the same time, suddenly, later that day, after a while, soon, while they, At last, in the end, nally …
Basic structure of telling a story!
话题分析（二）
Our animal friends
本单元谈论动物是我们朋友，以故事的形式讲述动物是我们的朋友，动物对人类提供许多帮助，我们也可已说明的形式讲述动物是我们的朋友。用本单元所学关于动物的知识，进行分析说明，过程如下：
开头直接开门见山
引出主题“Animals are our friends”，阐述动物在生活中的常见存在。他们是我们生活的一部分。
主体：分点阐述动物对人类的帮助和重要性。
（1）提供丰富的食物（如肉类、奶制品）
（2）助力工作（如导盲犬、耕牛）
（3）带来精神陪伴（宠物慰藉心灵）等角度。结合具体事例论述。
结尾：
总结动物与人类的紧密联系，呼吁大家保护动物，与动物和谐共处。
写作建议 词汇运用：使用常见且恰当的词汇，如“provide...with” “help sb. with sth.” “be friendly to” 等，丰富表达。 “not only...but also...”连接句子。
使用连接词，如“firstly” “secondly” “last but not least”，使文章层次分明。
【短语积累】
一、短语积累
1.到达 ____________________ 2.我自己____________________
3.带领。。。____________________ 4.入睡____________________
5.醒来 ____________________ 6.扑灭____________________
7.发现，查明____________________ 8.引起某人注意____________________
9.在某人的帮助下____________________ 10.趴下____________________
11.不久之后____________________ 12.变成____________________
13.过去常常____________________ 14.一…就…____________________
15.一会儿后____________________ 16.饲养不同种类的宠物____________________
【答案】1.arrived at 2.by myself 3.lead…to.. 4.fall asleep 5.wake up 6.put out 7.find out
8.catch sb’s attention 9.with one’s help 10. get down 11. before long 12. turn into 13. used to
14.as soon as 15.after a while 16.keep different types of pets
【句式积累】
1.动物是我们的朋友，他们是我们的成员，是我们生活的一部分。
Animals are our friends. They are our members and a part of our life.
2. 动物给我们提供各种食品来源，是我们生活丰富多彩。
Animals provide us with all types of food sources and make our life rich and colorful.
3. 动物是我们的助手，他们帮助我们很多，有时他们甚至挽救我们的生命。
Animals are our helpers. They help us a lot and sometimes they even save our lives.
4.动物能够陪伴我们，让我们不感到孤独。
Animals can stay with us together and make us not feel lonely.
5.我们要行动起来，号召大家提高保护动物的意识，与他们和谐共处。
We should take action and call on everyone to raise the awareness of protecting animals and live in harmony with them.
6.我双目失明，对我来说独自四处走动很困难。
I'm blind, and it's hard for me to get around by myself.
7.接待员道了歉，然后把约翰和查理领到他们的房间。
The receptionist apologized and led John and Charlie to their room.
8.他们的房间在八楼，所以他们无法从窗户爬出去。
Their room was on the eighth floor, so they couldn't climb out of the window.
9.在查理的帮助下，约翰在门底部放了一些湿衣服。
With Charlie's help, John put some wet clothes along the bottom of the door.
10.这家餐厅不允许带狗，所以我们不能带我们的狗一起。
The restaurant doesn’t allow dogs, so we cannot bring our dog with us.
【实战演练】
（1）
请以“Dogs can be helpful”为题写一篇短文，词数80左右。
应包括以下信息点：
1. 狗一直以来都是人类的好朋友。现在，它们不仅是宠物，更是家庭的一员；
2. 狗在很多方面帮助人们：
（1）有了狗的陪伴，现在有很多独居老人不再感到孤独；
（2）狗是孩子们的朋友，能使孩子们快乐；
（3）警犬可以帮助警察找到东西并抓获坏人；
（4）导盲犬能帮助盲人生活与出行；
3. 我们应该善待并照顾好它们。
Dogs can be helpful
Dogs are always good friends of human beings. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Dogs can be helpful
Dogs are always good friends of human beings. Now, they are not only our pets, but also our family members.
Dogs are helpful to us in many ways. With dogs’ help, many old people living by themselves will not feel
lonely. Dogs are kids’ friends and make them happy. The police dogs can help the police find things and catch the bad guys. The guide dogs take care of the blind people in their daily life and lead them to the places they want to go. We should be kind to dogs and take good care of them.
(2)
你最喜欢的动物是什么 它有什么特征 你为什么喜欢它。你的个人感受。请以My favourite animal—***
为题写一篇作文。（80字左右）
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
My favourite animal is the dog. I am lucky to have a pet dog at home, and we are great friends.
Dogs are very cute. They have bright eyes, soft fur, and a short tail that wags happily when they see you. They are friendly and full of energy. My dog loves to play with a ball and runs around the yard, making me laugh with his funny actions.
I love dogs because they are so loyal. No matter what happens, my dog is always there for me. When I come home from school, he jumps around me, showing his love. He also makes me feel safe at home.
In my opinion, dogs are the best pets. They bring so much joy and warmth to our lives. I will always take good care of my dog and enjoy the time we spend together.
（3）
写一篇动物是我们朋友的书面表达。
1，动物是我们朋友，他们是我们生活的一部分。
2，动物对我们很重要。
3，号召大家一起行动起来保护动物。
字数在80字以上。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Animals are our friends and they are a part of our life.
Animals are of great importance to us. Firstly, they offer us various kinds of food. For example, we get milk and meat from cows and pigs. Secondly, some animals help us a lot. Dogs can guard our houses and keep us safe. Horses can help us carry heavy things. Besides, they bring us joy and make our life more interesting. We enjoy watching lovely pandas and smart monkeys in the zoo. Wild animals also play a big role in nature. They help keep the environment healthy and balanced.
However, many animals are in danger now. We should take action to protect them. We can start by not hurting them or their homes. We can also take care of the environment by not littering and planting more trees. Let's all work together to protect our dear friends and make the world a better place for them.
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页）/ 让教学更有效 高效备课备考 | 英语学科
Unit 4 Our animal friends
单元小结
学习目标：本单元谈论我们的动物朋友。能掌握描述动物的单词及句式，能读懂这方面的文章。
语法目标：学习反身代词和方位介词的用法。
听说目标：能听懂并介绍某个动物小短文，能简单介绍一个小动物。
写作目标：学会写一个小故事。
目录
知识要点一、重点单词，短语及句式
要点1 重点短语 练习
要点2 重点句式 练习
【精讲精练】
要点1 allow的用法 练习
要点2 apologize的用法 练习
要点3 arrive/reach的用法 练习
要点4 fall asleep的用法 练习
要点5 guard的用法 练习
要点6 as soon as的用法 练习
要点7 probably的用法 练习
要点sometime，sometimes,some time, some times的区别和用法 练习
要点9 appear的用法 练习
要点10 lead，lead to的用法 练习
要点11 in front of…/ in the front of…的用法 练习
要点12 between的用法 练习
要点13 before long的用法 练习
要点14 put out及构成短语的用法 练习
要点15 turn into及turn构成的短语的用法 练习
要点16 over的用法 练习
要点17 effort的用法 练习
要点18 because of和because的用法 练习
要点19 wake up的用法 练习
要点20 hear sb.do和hear sb. doing的用法 练习
要点21 both...and...的用法 练习
要点22 either的用法 练习
知识要点二、语法
要点1 反身代词用法 19
要点2 方位介词的用法 20
知识要点三、书面表达
要点1 话题分析 21
要点2 词汇短语积累 22
要点3句式积累 23
要点4实战演练 24
【重点短语】
1.到达：arrive at（+ 小地点）/arrive in（+ 大地点）/get to/reach
2.独自：by myself
3.带领……：lead...to
4.入睡：fall asleep
5.醒来：wake up
6.扑灭：put out
7.发现，查明：find out
8.引起某人注意：catch one's attention
9.在某人的帮助下：with one's help
10.趴下：get down
11.不久之后：before long
12.变成：turn into
13.过去常常：used to
14.一…… 就……：as soon as
15.一会儿后：after a while
16.饲养不同种类的宠物：raise/keep different types of pets
17.允许某人做某事：allow sb. to do sth.
18.爬出……：climb out of...
19.…… 的重要来源：an important source of...
20.选择做某事：choose to do sth.
【重点句式】
1.我双目失明，对我来说独自四处走动很困难。
I'm blind, and it's hard for me to get around by myself.
2.接待员道了歉，然后把约翰和查理领到他们的房间。
The receptionist apologized and led John and Charlie to their room.
3.他们的房间在八楼，所以他们无法从窗户爬出去。
Their room was on the eighth floor, so they couldn't climb out of the window.
4.在查理的帮助下，约翰在门底部放了一些湿衣服。
With Charlie's help, John put some wet clothes along the bottom of the door.
5.这家餐厅不允许带狗，所以我们不能带我们的狗一起。
The restaurant doesn’t allow dogs, so we cannot bring our dog with us.
6.当他找到约翰时，他迅速地帮助他站起来，并试图把他从大楼里弄出来。
When he found John, he quickly helped him get up and tried to get him out of the building.
7.消防车运载水和灭火设备来灭火。
A fire engine carries water and equipment for putting out fires.
8.桌子旁边有一株植物，上面站着两只鹦鹉。
Beside the desk there is a plant with two parrots sitting on it.
9.驯化的故事大约在 15000 到 23000 年前始于亚洲某地。
The story of domestication started somewhere in Asia about 15,000 to 23,000 years ago.
10.它们为人们提供牛奶和肉，并且它们也是优良的役用动物。
They provided people with milk and meat, and they were also good working animals.
【精讲精练】
要点1：allow
allow作为及物动词，意为“允许，准许”，后接动名词做宾语，通常不接不定式，allow doing sth“允许做某事”常用结构如下：
(1)allow doing sth. 允许做某事
(2)allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事
(3)allow sb. sth. 让某人拥有某物(尤指钱或时间)
(4)allow + that ... 承认……
【典例分析】
1. Drivers shouldn't be allowed___________ after drinking，or they will break the law.
A. drive B. driving C. to drive D. drove
2. We don’t allow ________ in the library.
A . make B. making C. to make D. made
3.My mother ______us ______TV after we finished our homework.
A. allow; watch B. allow; watching C. allowed; to watch D. allowed; watching
4.Our teacher doesn’t allow us ________ our mobile phone to school.
A. bring B.to bring C. bringing D. brought
5. 我父母不允许我晚上出去。
My parents don't _______ _______ ________go out at night.
=I ________ _________ _________ ________go out at night by my parents.
要点 2：apologize
apologize v. 道歉
apologize v. 道歉。 apologize to sb. for sth. 因某事向某人道歉
apology n. 道歉
make an apology to sb. = apologize to sb. = say sorry to sb.向某人道歉
I apologize for being late. 我为迟到道歉。
We received a letter of apology. 我们收到了一封致歉信。
【典例分析】
1. If he knows he was wrong, I will accept his _______ (apologize).
2.You should apologize to him. （选出可以替换画线部分的最佳选项）
A. say hello B. say sorry C. say yes
3.He apologized ____ Mary____ being rude to her.
A. to; to B. for; to C. to; for
4.He realized his mistake and decided to ______ to his teacher.
A. apologize B. explain C. complain D. report
要点 3. arrive/reach v.到达；抵达
They arrived at the school before the bell rang.在铃响之前他们到达了学校。
辨析reach, arrive和get
(1)arrive不及物动词，后接宾语时要加介词in(大地点)或at(小地点)。
I arrived in Beijing last night.我昨天晚上到达了北京。
(2)reach及物动词，后面可以直接加宾语。
Finally we reached the top of the mountain.最终我们到达了山顶。
get作“到达”讲，后接宾语时要加介词to。
When did you get to the park 你什么时候到公园的？
注意：当arrive, get后接表示地点的副词，如here, there, home等时，则不用介词，即arrive/get＋地点副词。
词语 大地点 小地点 其他副词
arrive +in +at arrive here, arrive there, arrive home
reach reach +地点 reach here, reach there, reach home
get get to+地点 get here, get there, get home
【典例分析】
1.My uncle _______ the airport at 9:00 pm yesterday.
A. arrived B. got C. reached D. appeared
2. Jim has _________ China for two years.
A. been to B. come to C. arrived in D. been in
3.Susan will _______ Beijing next Monday morning.
A. reach to B. get to C. arrive at D. go
要点 4：fall asleep
fall asleep 入睡； 睡着
比较 go to bed, go to sleep, fall asleep的用法。
1.go to bed”意为 “上床睡觉”，强调动作，例如：
I go to bed at 10 p.m. every day.我每天晚上 10 点上床睡觉。
2.go to sleep 意为 “入睡，睡着”，强调进入睡眠状态的过程，例如：
He lay in bed for a long time but couldn't go to sleep.
他躺在床上很久但无法入睡。
She tried to go to sleep but her mind was too active.
她努力入睡但脑子太活跃。
3.fall asleep 意为 “睡着，入睡”，侧重于指不知不觉地入睡，例如：
She was so tired that she fell asleep quickly. 她太累了，很快就睡着了。
The baby fell asleep in his mother's arms. 宝宝在妈妈怀里睡着了。
【辨析】sleepy, sleep与asleep
sleepy 形容词，意为“困倦的；瞌睡的”，在句中既可做定语，又可做表语
sleep 既可做动词，又可做名词，意为“睡觉；睡眠”
asleep 形容词，意为“睡着的；在睡觉的”，在句中只能做表语，be asleep意为“睡着的”；fall asleep意为“入睡”
He looks sleepy. 他看起来很困倦。
I didn't have a good sleep last night. / I didn't sleep well last night. 我昨晚睡得不好。
Were you asleep or awake when I opened the door
【典例分析】
1.选词填空：sleepy; asleep与sleep
1）I often ________ for 8 hours every night.
2）My father fell ________ while he was reading a book.
3）The little boy couldn’t go on studying because he felt ________.
4） Don’t make a noise because there is a baby _____(sleep) nearby.
5）Some students are often________ (sleep) while having classes in the afternoon.
6）Your sister falls __________.If you feel ___________， please go to ___________.
2. He________ at about eight o'clock and he________ after a while.
A．fell asleep; went to sleep B．went to bed; fell asleep
C．was asleep; went to bed D．went to bed; was sleepy
3 .He felt ________， so he went to ________ and fell ________ soon.
A．sleepy; asleep; sleep B．sleepy; sleep; asleep
C．sleep; sleep; sleep D．asleep; sleep; sleepy
4. The astronaut is so tired that he _____ for eleven hours.
A. has been asleep B. has fallen asleep
C. has gone to bed D. has gone to sleep
5.Tom was too tired after finishing his homework and he soon.
A. sleep B. fell asleep C. sleeping D. to sleep
6.He goes to bed very late every day, so he often feels _________.
A. asleep B. sleeping C. sleepy D. sleep
7. She was very tired and was fast________
A. asleep B. slept C. sleepy D. sleep
要点 5：guard
作动词：
及物动词： “保护”“守卫” 也可指 “看守”“控制” 以防内部人外逃等。宾语通常是人，宾语后常接介词 from 表示 “保护某人或某物不受……” 。例如：
Parents should guard their children from danger.父母应该保护孩子免受危险。
与 against 连用表示 “防止”“预防”。例如：
We should guard against catching a cold.我们应该预防感冒。
作名词：
不可数名词：指抽象的 “守卫”“警戒”“警惕” 的行为，引申可作 “防御姿势” 解。例如：The soldiers are on guard all day.（士兵们整天处于警戒状态。）
可数名词：意思是 “卫兵”“哨兵”“警卫人员”，例如：
There are two guards at the gate.门口有两个卫兵
【典例分析】
1.The soldiers were ordered to ______ the bridge day and night.
A. protect B. defend C. guard D. preserve
2.She always tries to ______ her privacy.
A. keep B. hold C. guard D. maintain
要点 6：as soon as
As soon as的用法
一经...;立即...;一...就...
as soon as表示一......就，其中的从句通常用一般现在时表示将来时。
这个短语用的比较常用，口语和书面语都可以。它的特点是，在句子中的位置比较灵活，而且可以用于各种时态。例如：
1.指未发生的动作，规律是：主句一般将来时，从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时
如：I will tell him the news as soon as he comes back。
注：有时，为了特意表达刚刚完成某事就如何如何，需要用现在完成时。
如：I will go with you as soon as I have washed my face.
2、指紧接着发生的两个短动作，主从句都用一般过去时
如 He took out his English books as soon as he sat down
不过，我也见过从句和主句都用一般现在时的情况。
如：As soon as he finishes his classwork, he runs out of the class. 他一做完课堂作业，就跑出了教室。
He jumped out of bed as soon as he was called.一听到有人叫他，他立即跳下床来。
【典例分析】
1. Phone me _______ you get to Wuzhong．
A．since B. so that C. as soon as D. while
3.Jack's mother was so tired. She fell asleep she lay down on the bed.
A. until B. as soon as C. unless D. although
要点7：probably
probably adv. 大概; 或许; 很可能
英语中表示可能的方式使用情态动词may / might 以外, 还可以通过will 以及表示"可能" 的形容词和副词表达.
常用的有:
It is possible to do sth…; It is possible that …;
主语 + will probably / possibly + v 等.
(1) Is it possible to visit Alaska in December
十二月去阿拉斯加游览有可能吗
(2) It is possible that it'll be snowy in the night.
晚上有可能会下雪.
(3) It'll probably be cold and wet.
天气很可能会又湿又冷.
注: probably 表示"很可能", 所以表示的可能性要比 possible 大.
【典例分析】
用probably possible/ possibly填空
1.It's ________ for us to finish the job before 7 o'clock.
2.The twins said they would ________ go to Australia for the winter holiday.
3. Is it ________ to get there by bus
4. You are ________ right. You can do it by yourself.
5. It will ________ snow tomorrow morning.
6.Would it be ________ for me to leave a message for her
A. able B. possible C. possibly D. probably
要点8 some time
some time意为“一些时间”。
sometimes 频度副词 有时 表示动作发生的不经常性，多与一般现在时连用，它可位于句首、句中或句末，对它提问用how often。
some times 名词短语 几次；几倍 其中time是可数名词，对它提问用how many times。
sometime 副词 某个时候 表示某个不确切或不具体的时间，常用于过去时或将来时，对它提问用when。
some time 名词短语 一段时间 表示＂一段时间＂，句中谓语动词常为延续性动词。对它提问用how long。
Sometimes I get up very late. 有时我起床很晚。
I have read the story some times. 这个故事我读了好几遍。
I will go to Shanghai sometime next week. 下周的某个时间我要去上海。
I’ll stay here for some time. 我将在这儿待一段时间。
【典例分析】
1. I need to spend _____________doing my homework. So I can’t go with you.
A. sometimes B. some times C. sometime D. some time
2.________ my mother goes to work by bus.
A．Sometime B．Some time C．Sometimes D．At time
3. Usually, Sally has noodles for breakfast. ________she has hamburgers.
A. Sometimes B. Sometime C. Some times D. Some time
4. I hope I will go to the Moon _________. I also hope this day will come soon.
A. Sometimes B. Sometime C. Some times D. Some time
5. Maybe our English teacher will ask us to finish the homework______ today, but I guess he will forget it______ because he is too busy.
A. sometime; some times B. sometime; sometimes
C. some time; sometime D. sometimes; some time
要点 9：appear
appear v. 出现
appearance 外貌，外观；出现，露面
disappear v. 消失
appear用作连系动词，其意为“似乎，好像”，其后的表语可以是：
【典例分析】
1.The man ______________ (appear), and he never came back.
2.We care so much about our _______________ (appear).
3.She is a TV hostess and she appears on TV every night.（选出可以替换画线部分的最佳选项）
A. takes on B. shows up C. looks up
4.一条蛇突然出现在农民面前，咬了他。
A snake suddenly _________in front of the farmer and bit him.
5.那些云似乎不久会消失的。
The clouds will ___________ ___________ __________.
6.I was surprised that Jim____________ at the party. I heard he went to America last year.
A. won B. appeared C. stopped D. ordered
要点10 lead
lead的用法
（1）作为及物动词，意为“领导；率领；（过）某种生活”。
常用于以下表达中：
①lead sb.to do sth.，意为“带领某人去做某事”。
Our coach led us to beat Class 1 in the basketball match.
我们教练带领我们在篮球赛中击败了一班。
lead a happy life,意为“过上幸福的生活”。
The young couple led a happy life from then on.
从那时起，这对年轻的夫妇过上了幸福的生活。
（2）作为不及物动词，意为“通向”，常用于lead to sp.,意为“通往某地”。
All roads lead to Rome.条条大道通罗马。
【典例分析】
1.我的父亲引导我帮助处在困境中的人。
My father_________ me __________ people in trouble.
2.这条路通向旅馆。
This road _____________ the hotel.
3. 他的勤奋导致他的成功。
His hard work _________his success.
4.在下一届选举中谁将领导这个政党？
Who will _________the party in the next election？
5.王先生领着我们走出了森林。
Mr. Wang _______ us _____out of the forest.
要点11 in front of…/ in the front of…
in front of…
in front of… 在…(范围之外的) 前面
in the front of… 在…(范围之内的) 前部
【典例分析】
1.我站在你们的前面.
I’m standing _________________you.
2.我站在教室的前面.
I’m standing ________________ the classroom.
3.你前面的那个男孩是谁？
Who is the boy ________________ you
4.The library is _______ the classroom.
A. next B. in front C. in the front of D. next to
要点12 between
between是一个介词，常和and连用，构成短语between…and…，表示“在……和……之间”，用于两者之间。
between和among 的区别
between指在两者之间。 among指在三者或三者以上的之间。
例如：between the post office and the market
【典例分析】
1.A book is _______ a pen _______ a computer.
A. in; and B. between; and C. in; or D. between; or
2.He is the tallest _________the students in our class.
A．among B. between C. in
要点13
Before long 表示“不久之后”或“很快” ：
1.通常用于表示未来的时间点，表示某件事情将在不久的将来发生。
I hope to see you again before long.我希望不久能再见到你
2.可以用于描述某个动作或事件在短时间内发生。表示“在短时间内”或“很快” ：
Before long he came to a small village.不久他来到了一个小村庄
Before long, other forces will do the same.
不久以后，其它势力将同样这样做
【典例分析】
1.He said he would come back __________.
A. long before B. before long C. long ago D. after long
2.The rain will stop __________. We can go out then.
A. long before B. before long C. long ago D. long after
要点14 Put out
1.熄灭（火、灯等）：如灭火，关灯。
The firefighters put out the fire quickly.
2.发布、发表：比如发布消息、声明。
The company put out a press release yesterday.
Put构成的短语
put off：推迟，延迟
put on：穿上；举办（活动）
put away：收起来，储存
put down：放下；记下；批评
put forward：提出（建议等）
Put up 搭建，张贴
【典例分析】
1.消防车运载水和灭火设备来灭火。
A fire engine carries water and equipment for________ _______ fires.
2.他戴上眼镜看报。
He__________ __________ a pair of glasses and read the newspaper.
3.The firefighters managed to ______ the big fire in the building.
A. put on B. put out C. put up D. put away
4．用put构成的短语填空
1）We will _________ the new play next month.
2）The sports meet will be ____________because of the bad weather.
3）_________ the books ________ after reading.
4）__________the gentleman’s address.
5）It took the fire---fighters four hours to _________ the fire.
6）Many new high buildings have been __________ in our city.
要点15
turn into意思是“变成” 例句 ：
The rain turned into snow overnight.雨在一夜之间变成了雪。
He turned his hobby into a successful business.他把爱好变成了成功的生意。
turn还构成了许多其他短语：
turn on ：打开（电器、自来水、煤气等）。
turn off ：关上（电器、自来水、煤气等）
turn up ：出现；找到；（把收音机等）开大点。
turn down ：（把音量等）关小；拒绝。
turn over ：打翻；使倾倒；反复考虑。
turn to ：翻到（页码）；转向（某人求帮助、建议等）。
turn out ：结果是；证明是。
【典例分析】
1.新闻时间到了，请打开电视机。
It’s time for the news. Please ______ _________ the TV.
2.你能把电视声音调低一点吗？
Can you _______ _______ the TV a bit
3.当你离开房间时要关灯。
_______ _______ the lights when you leave the room.
4.第二天，小溪里的水变成了褐色的水。
The water in the brook _______ ________ brown water the next day.
5. The result______ that the man had nothing to do with this case.
A. turned out B. turned around C. turned to D. turned off
6. He__________and returned to the room, __________the TV and then left home.
A. turned around ,turned off B. turned off, turned around
C.turned into, turned to D.turned up, turned down
要点16
“over” 用作介词，表示 “在…… 期间；经过（一段时期）”。强调了在数千年的时间段内，宠物狼逐渐变成了狗。
Over常见的基本用法有：
1.表示 “在…… 之上；越过”，例如：
The bridge is over the river.桥在河上。
2.表示 “超过；多于”，如：
Over 50 people attended the meeting.超过 50 人参加了会议。
3.表示 “遍及；在…… 各处”，如：
She traveled all over the world.她游遍了世界各地。
【典例分析】
一、指出over的用法
1.The bridge is over the river.
2.There are over two hundred people at the meeting.
3.He has traveled all over the world.
4.There is a lamp over the table.
5.He has been away for over a month.
6.News spread all over the town.
7.We had a good time over the holiday.
8.The car turned over in the accident.
要点17
effort主要用作名词，努力，艰难的尝试。例如：
He made a great effort to finish the project on time.
他为了按时完成项目付出了巨大的努力。
常见短语及例句
1.make an effort ：表示“作出努力”，
Please make an effort to get there on time.请尽力按时到达那里。
2.spare no effort ：意思是“不遗余力，不计代价”
I'll spare no effort to help you.我将不遗余力地帮助你。
3.put effort into ：表示“对某事付出很大力气”。
They are putting effort into reducing waste.他们正在努力减少浪费。
【典例分析】
1.他决定再做一次努力。
He decided to________ ________ _______ ________.
2.Learning a foreign language needs a certain___________ no matter how easy it is.
A. excuse B. luck C. effort D. chance
3.It takes a lot of ______ to learn a new language.
A. effort B. energy C. power D. force
要点18 because of
because of和because是同义词，都可以表示原因，但是，because的后面用句子；because of的后面用名词、代词或者动名词短语形式。例如：
I was late this morning because I missed the first bus.
我今天早上迟到是因为我没能赶上第一班公共汽车。
We couldn’t have the sports meeting last Sunday because of the rain.
我们上个星期天没能召开运动会是因为下雨了。
【典例分析】
1. 用because和because of填空。
(1) _he is ill, he is absent today.
(2)He is not at school his illness.
(3)He can’t come the heavy rain.
(4)We like physics we can learn a lot of ideas.
(5)The students didn’t need to go to school __________ ____ the storm.
2.He was ill, so he didn’t go to school. （同义句改写）
_____________ he was ill, he didn’t go to school.
3. He couldn’t walk because his leg was broken. （同义句改写）
He couldn’t walk ____________ ________ his _________ leg.
4. I came back because it was raining heavily. （同义句改写）
I came back ___________ ________ the ________ rain.
5. ______ I don’t have enough money, ______ I can’t afford the car.
A. /; so B. Because; so C./; and D./; because
6. He didn’t go to school yesterday ____ he was ill.
A. because B. because of C. if D. so
7. I didn’t go to the party not________ the weather, but _______I didn’t feel well.
A. because of; because B. because; because of
C. because; because D. because of; because of
要点19. wake up
The snow melts, and nature wakes up after the long winter.
雪融化了，漫长的冬天过后，大自然苏醒了
1. 及物动词 ：可以接名词或代词作宾语，表示 “唤醒或弄醒某人”。例如，
She wakes her son up at 7 every morning to let him go to school on time.
2.不及物动词 ：表示 “醒来”或 “处于醒的某种状态”。例如，
You have to wake up now, baby. 该起床了，宝贝儿。
What time do you usually wake up in the morning ”
通常你早晨几点钟醒？
【典例分析】
1.Will you please _____ at six tomorrow morning I’ll do morning exercises. But my clock is broken.
A. take my temperature B. show me around C. pick me up D. wake me up
2. Don’t ________ your little brother, Amy. He needs a good sleep.
A. grow up B. make up C. get up D. wake up
要点20
hear sb./sth.+动词原形：听见某人/某物（经常/过去）做…….
hear sb./sth.+动词-ing: 听见某人/某物正在做…….
I heard her play the piano in her room last night.
I hear her playing the piano in her room now.
hear sb. doing sth. 听到某人正在做某事
【经典例句】
When I passed the room, I heard someone singing inside.
当我路过房间的时候，我听到有人在里面唱歌。
【考点聚焦】
1）注意区别hear sb. do和hear sb. doing:
hear sb. do sth.表示“听到某人做某事的全过程”。
hear sb. doing sth.表示“听到某人正在做某事”。
2)注意掌握hear的其他短语：
hear about听说关于…… hear of听说……
hear that ...听说…… hear from收到……的来信
还有see 和watch 还有类似用法
【典例分析】
1.—Is Tom in the next room
—Well, it's hard to say. But I heard him _____ loudly when I passed by just now.
speak B. to speak C. spoken D. speaking
2.While I was walking along the lake, I saw some fish________ out of the water.
A．jumped B．to jump C．jumping D．are jumping
3.She was heard________ books.
A．to read B．reads C．read D．to be read
4.I saw some boys basketball on the playground.
A. play B.to play C. played D. playing
5.突然，我看到一只小熊在玩一些树枝和石头。
Suddenly, I ________ a baby bear ________ ________ some sticks and stones.
6.He saw his mother___________(do)housework when he got up earlier.
7. I often see her ____________(dance) in the park.
要点21
both...and... …和…(两者)都
both...and... 意为“……和……(两者)都”,用于连接两个并列的句子成分。作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
Both Kate and Tom are from Class Three, Grade One.凯特和汤姆都来自一年级三班。
Lucy can speak both Italian and Greek.露西既会讲意大利语又会讲希腊语。
【知识拓展】
not only...but also... 不但……而且…… 连接并列成分,当连接并列主语时,谓语动词与 but also后面的主语在人称和数上保持一致
neither...nor... 既不……也不…… 连接两个主语时,谓语动词与nor后面的主语在人称和数上保持一致
either...or... 或者……或者…… 连接两个主语时，谓语动词与or后面的主语在人称和数上保持一致
Not only you but also Li Lei is coming here.
不但你,而且李雷也要来这儿
★ Neither Lily nor I am a student.莉莉和我都不是学生
★ Tom can neither play the piano nor play chess.
汤姆既不会弹钢琴也不会下国际象棋。
★ You can either stay at home or go shopping on Sunday.星期天你可以待在家里或者去购物。
★ Either you or I am wrong.不是你错了,就是我错了
【典例分析】
1. —Which show do you prefer, Running Man or The Reader
—The Reader, of course. ________ I ________ my brother likes it.
A. Both; and B. Neither; nor C. Either; or D. Not only; but also
2.—What have you learnt after three years' study in China, Maria
—I was taught ________ knowledge ________ good manners.
A．either; or B．both; and C．neither; nor D．not; but
3----Jim, how do your parents like country music
----_____ my dad _____ my mom likes it. They both like country music.
A．Either, or B．Neither, nor C．Not only, but also D．Both, and
完成句子not only ….. but also neither……nor either…… or both……and
4.在学校老师们不仅给我们传播知识而且还教我们如何做人。
At school teachers teach us ________ _________ knowledge_______ _______ how to be good.
5．他和我还没有看过这部电影。
__________ he ___________ I __________ ____________ the film yet.
6. 只有一张入场券，杰克和你当中只能一个人去看时装展。
There is only one ticket. ________ Jack ________ you will go to the fashion show.
7. 肯特和孩子们都不想去动物园。
_________ Kent _________ the children wanted to go to the zoo.
8,John 和Peter 在电影院看见Jolie 时，都很吃惊
_______ ________ John ______ ________ Peter ________ surprised when they saw Jolie in the cinema.
_______ John ______ Peter ________ surprised when they saw Jolie in the cinema.
9, 只有一个座位，要不你去，要不我去。
There is only one seat, ________ you _______ I can go.
要点22 either
1.either 作限定词：意为 “（两者之中的）任何一个”，后接单数可数名词。例如：
You can park on either side of the street.你可以在街道两边任何一边停车。
2.either 作代词：意为 “（两者之中）任何一个”，单独使用或与 of 连用，of 后接复数名词或代词宾格。例如：Either of the books is interesting.这两本书任何一本都有趣。
3.either 作副词：常用于否定句，放在句末，意为 “也”。例如：
I don't like this movie. My sister doesn't like it either.我不喜欢这部电影。我妹妹也不喜欢。
4.相关短语：
either...or...：意为 “要么…… 要么……；不是…… 就是……”，连接两个并列成分，如并列主语、谓语、宾语等。当连接两个主语时，谓语动词遵循就近原则。例如：
Either you or he has to clean the classroom.要么你要么他得打扫教室。
【典例分析】
1.I don't like this book. My sister doesn't like it, ____.
A. too B. also C. either D. as well
2.There are two ways to the station. You can choose ______ way.
A. either B. neither C. both D. all
3.______ of the twins is good at singing. They both sing badly.
A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. All
4.You can ______ come with me now or walk home.
A. either B. neither C. both D. all
5.—Which of the two books do you want
—______ is OK. I don't mind.
A. either B. both C. all D. any
6.There are many fruits here. You can take ______ of them.
A. either B. both C. all D. any
一、反身代词构词法
数 人称
第一人称 第二人称 第三人称
单数 myself yourself himself, herself, itself
复数 ourselves yourselves themselves
a. 作动词或介词的宾语。
b. 作主语或宾语的同位语。
C. 含有反身代词的常见短语：
enjoy oneself 玩得开心
by oneself 独自
teach oneself 自学
talk / say to oneself 自言自语think
of oneself 考虑自己
help oneself to … 请随便吃点……
lose oneself in … 沉迷于……
dress oneself 给自己穿衣服
introduce oneself 介绍自己
make oneself at home 别拘束；随便
hurt oneself 伤到自己
【典例分析】
一、用适当的反身代词或介词完成句子
1. My friends had a nice time in London. They enjoyed ________________ very much.
2. He never thinks about others. He only thinks about __________.
3. She makes all her clothes __________.
4. Simon, did you paint the room __________
5. We cleaned the room ______________.
6.Help ____________ (you) to some vegetables, Jim and Jack.
7. Bad luck! I cut _______ with a knife yesterday.
二、介词
1．方位介词用法
（1）In 表示在……的里面。
如：in the class；in the desk. 注意：在书上，在图画上，虽然我们中文说的是“上”，但英文表达中都需要用 in the book；in the picture.
（2）．On 表示在……的上面；通常是与物体接触的上面。
如：on the desk；on the table.
（3）．behind 表示在……的后面。
如： behind the door；behind the wall，指的是在整个物体的后面，有时有藏在后面的意思。
如果指在物体内部的后面，表示在……的后部，则不用这个词。
（4）．In front of / in the front of表示在……的前面。
注意：加the的短语表示在一个物体内部的前面。
如：he teacher is teaching in the front of the classroom.
（5）in the tree/ on the tree都可以表示在树上。
但如果是长在树上的东西，用介词on，而如果不是树上本身长的东西则用in。
如：There is an apple on the tree. There is a bird in the tree.
（6）in the middle of 在……的中间/中心。
如：There is a boat in the middle of the river.
（7）under 表示在某物垂直的正下方，两者之间不接触。
例如： under the tree 在树下 under the chair 在椅子下
（8）above在……上方，高于……；below在……下方，低于……, below和above互为反义词。如：
The plane flies above the clouds. 飞机在云层上飞。
（9） next to紧靠着; beside / by / near在旁边；在附近。如：
The little girl sat next to her mother. 小女孩紧挨着妈妈坐着。
（10） between 在两者之间; among 在……（三者及以上）之间。如：
He is standing between you and me. 他站在你我之间。
He is standing among us. 他站在我们之间。
（11）over在……上方；under在……下方，under和over互为反义词。如：
There is a light over the desk. 书桌上方有一盏灯。
【典例分析】
一、从方框中选择合适的介词或介词短语填空
for；with；about；of；next to；on； in front of；behind；in；like with between
1. This is a photo _____________ Ben's friends.
2. What can I do ____________ you
3. I like books ___________ many pictures.
4. What's the weather __________ in Hangzhou
5. Jim is American. What ___________ you
6. There is an apple tree __________ my house.
7. There are some bags ___________ the door.
8. Class Five is __________ Class Six.
9. —Where are my books —They are _________ the box.
10. There is a map of China ____________ the wall.
11.The woman __________ big eyes is Lingling's mother.
12. He sits__________ Kate and Tom
二、根据后面汉语提示填写方位词
1.My books are _______the table. 我的书在桌子上。
2.My pen is __________the bag. 我的笔在包里。
3.There are some trees _______________our classroom. 我们教室前面有一些树。
4.There is a cat _________the door. 门后面有一只猫。
5.My mum’s parents are___________________.我妈妈的父母在左边。
6.Lucy sit _____________________. Lucy坐在我的右边。
7.There is a library ___________ sports hall __________dining hall.图书馆在体育馆和饭堂之间
8.I sit ___________________________of the classroom.我坐在教室的中间
三、根据句意，用正确的反身代词完成句子或对话。
1. Those girls enjoyed___________ (they) at the park yesterday.
2. The film___________ (it) is very funny.
3. — Does your mother teach you Maths
—No, I teach_________ (I).
4. My father will repair the car by_________ (he).
5. She is looking at_________ (she) in the mirror.
【话题分析】
话题分析（一）动物帮助人的故事
本单元谈论动物是我们朋友，以记叙文的形式讲述动物是我们的朋友，动物对人类提供许多帮助，如reading里面 导盲犬帮助主人火海脱困，listening谈论各种狗对人类的帮助，而listening讲海豚救人的故事。以故事的形式讲述动物是我们的朋友。写作内容渗透着本单元的话题和语言目标——同时要求我们通过本课学习掌握故事写作的基本特点和结构。学会如何谋篇布局，写作前要列提纲思考故事前，故事中，结尾的发生的事情。
一、在写作过程中要明确以下几点：
1.写作前列提纲。
2. 确定时态，应主要一般过去时态为主。
3. 写作时，一般以时间故事情节发展为主线。
4. 注意连接词运用。Next, then, at the same time, suddenly, later that day, after a while, soon, while they, At last, in the end, nally …
Basic structure of telling a story!
话题分析（二）
Our animal friends
本单元谈论动物是我们朋友，以故事的形式讲述动物是我们的朋友，动物对人类提供许多帮助，我们也可已说明的形式讲述动物是我们的朋友。用本单元所学关于动物的知识，进行分析说明，过程如下：
开头直接开门见山
引出主题“Animals are our friends”，阐述动物在生活中的常见存在。他们是我们生活的一部分。
主体：分点阐述动物对人类的帮助和重要性。
（1）提供丰富的食物（如肉类、奶制品）
（2）助力工作（如导盲犬、耕牛）
（3）带来精神陪伴（宠物慰藉心灵）等角度。结合具体事例论述。
结尾：
总结动物与人类的紧密联系，呼吁大家保护动物，与动物和谐共处。
写作建议 词汇运用：使用常见且恰当的词汇，如“provide...with” “help sb. with sth.” “be friendly to” 等，丰富表达。 “not only...but also...”连接句子。
使用连接词，如“firstly” “secondly” “last but not least”，使文章层次分明。
【短语积累】
一、短语积累
1.到达 ____________________ 2.我自己____________________
3.带领。。。____________________ 4.入睡____________________
5.醒来 ____________________ 6.扑灭____________________
7.发现，查明____________________ 8.引起某人注意____________________
9.在某人的帮助下____________________ 10.趴下____________________
11.不久之后____________________ 12.变成____________________
13.过去常常____________________ 14.一…就…____________________
15.一会儿后____________________ 16.饲养不同种类的宠物____________________
【句式积累】
1.动物是我们的朋友，他们是我们的成员，是我们生活的一部分。
2. 动物给我们提供各种食品来源，是我们生活丰富多彩。
3. 动物是我们的助手，他们帮助我们很多，有时他们甚至挽救我们的生命。
4.动物能够陪伴我们，让我们不感到孤独。
5.我们要行动起来，号召大家提高保护动物的意识，与他们和谐共处。
6.我双目失明，对我来说独自四处走动很困难。
7.接待员道了歉，然后把约翰和查理领到他们的房间。
8.他们的房间在八楼，所以他们无法从窗户爬出去。
9.在查理的帮助下，约翰在门底部放了一些湿衣服。
10.这家餐厅不允许带狗，所以我们不能带我们的狗一起。
【实战演练】
（1）
请以“Dogs can be helpful”为题写一篇短文，词数80左右。
应包括以下信息点：
1. 狗一直以来都是人类的好朋友。现在，它们不仅是宠物，更是家庭的一员；
2. 狗在很多方面帮助人们：
（1）有了狗的陪伴，现在有很多独居老人不再感到孤独；
（2）狗是孩子们的朋友，能使孩子们快乐；
（3）警犬可以帮助警察找到东西并抓获坏人；
（4）导盲犬能帮助盲人生活与出行；
3. 我们应该善待并照顾好它们。
Dogs can be helpful
Dogs are always good friends of human beings. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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(2)
你最喜欢的动物是什么 它有什么特征 你为什么喜欢它。你的个人感受。请以My favourite animal—***
为题写一篇作文。（80字左右）
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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（3）
写一篇动物是我们朋友的书面表达。
1，动物是我们朋友，他们是我们生活的一部分。
2，动物对我们很重要。
3，号召大家一起行动起来保护动物。
字数在80字以上。
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