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Unit 7 Role models of our times
单元小结
学习目标：本单元学习内容：最敬佩的人（我们时代的模范）。分别介绍了科学家钱学森，袁隆平，张桂梅。还有考古学家樊锦诗。学习积累描写模范人物的这些语材，会阅读关于人物介绍的文章。
语法目标：感叹句和祈使句用法
听说目标：能够听懂关于人物介绍的小短文，掌握时间线里面的细节，谈论自己最敬佩的人。
写作目标：能写出自己最敬佩的人小短文。
目录
知识要点一、重点单词，短语及句式
要点1 重点短语 练习
要点2 重点句式 练习
【精讲精练】
要点1 pioneer的用法 练习
要点2 receive 和accept的区别 练习
要点3 award的用法 练习
要点4 education的用法 练习
要点5“spend 四朵金花” 练习
要点6 research的用法 练习
要点7 achieve的用法 练习
要点8 well-respected的用法 练习
要点9 found的用法 练习
要点10. eager/be eager to 的用法 练习
要点11.raise/rise的用法 练习
要点12. devote yourself to的用法 练习
要点13.honour的用法 练习
要点14 contribution/make contribution to的用法 练习
要点15.inspire的用法 练习
要点16 praise的用法 练习
要点17 stop doing/stop to do/stop…from的用法 练习
要点18 certain的用法 练习
要点19 put out及put构成的短语的用法 练习
要点20 tough用法 练习
要点21 otherwise的用法 练习
要点22 be able to的用法 练习
要点23 survive的用法 练习
要点24 proud/be proud of的用法 练习
要点25 die death(n)，dead 用法 练习
要点26 admire的用法 练习
知识要点二、语法
要点1 感叹句和祈使句用法 21
知识要点三、书面表达
要点1 话题分析 23
要点2 词汇短语积累 24
要点3句式积累 25
要点4实战演练 26
【重点短语】
1.模范，榜样 role models
2.为…… 做贡献make contributions to sth./doing
3.在…… 的发展中in the development of
4.去深造go to further one’s education
5.花时间 / 金钱做某事spend time/money doing sth.
6.在某人的领域in one’s field
7.渴望做某事be eager to do sth.
8.不知疲倦地工作work tirelessly
9.起关键作用play a key role in...
10.致力于……devote oneself to
11.生活简朴live a simple life
12.不计名利not interested in fame or money
13.突出stand out
14.阻止…… 做某事stop...from doing sth.
15.在某些时候at certain times
16.清除clear away
17.扑灭put out
18.感到自豪be proud of
19.获得成功achieve success
20.能够做某事be able to do sth.
【重点句式】
1.Qian Xuesen was a pioneer in the development of China's aerospace science and technology. 钱学森是中国航天科技发展的先驱。
2.In 1999, he received the Two Bombs and One Satellite Merit Award.
1999年，他荣获“两弹一星”功勋奖章。
3. He studied engineering at Shanghai Jiao Tong University and then went to further his education in the USA.
他在上海交通大学学习工程学，然后去美国深造。
4. After that, he spent many years teaching and doing research at universities in the USA.
之后，他在美国的大学里做了多年的教学和研究工作。
5. While in the USA, Qian achieved lots of success and he was a well-respected person in his field.
在美国期间，钱学森取得了许多成就，在他的专业领域倍受尊敬。
6.However, he decided to return to China when he heard of the founding of the People‘s Republic of China.
然而，当他得知中华人民共和国成立时，他决定回国.
7.He was eager to bring his knowledge and skills to his homeland and began planning his return.
他渴望将自己的知识和技能带 回祖国，并开始计划回国。
8.Once home, he worked tirelessly to raise the level of China's science and technology.
一回到祖国，他就不知疲倦地工作，以 提高中国的科学技术水平。
9. His influence is still present today in the Long March rocket programme and other space missions.
他的影响至今仍体现在长征火箭项目 和其他太空任务中。
10. Qian devoted himself to his country, and his great work brought honour and success to China.
钱学森把毕生献给了祖国，他的伟大事业给中国带来了荣誉和成功。
11. If after I die the public feels I have made some contributions during my life, that approval would be the highest praise of all."
“如果在我死后，公众 认为我在一生中做出了一些贡献，那么这种认可将是对我最高的赞扬。
12. This means that I jump out of airplanes to stop big fires from spreading in the forest!
这意味着我从飞机上跳下来，以阻止大火在森林中蔓延！
13.Once we land, we race to put out the fire. We use simple tools to clear away dead leaves and trees to stop fires from spreading.
一旦我们着陆，我们就会争先恐后地灭火。我们使用简单的工具清除枯叶和树木，以阻止火灾蔓延。
14. Otherwise, you might hurt yourself when you land.
否则，你着陆时可能会受伤。
【精讲精练】
要点 1. pioneer
作名词
表示 “先驱；开拓者；先锋”，例如：
Yuan Longping is a pioneer in the field of hybrid rice.
袁隆平是杂交水稻领域的先驱。
也可意为 “拓荒者；开发者”，例如：
The pioneers cleared the forests and built their houses.
拓荒者们砍伐森林，建造房屋。
young pioneer 少先队员
space pioneer 太空先驱
作动词
意思是 “开创；倡导；开拓”，例如：
He pioneered a new approach to teaching mathematics.
他开创了一种新的数学教学方法。
“pioneer in” 是常见搭配，表示 “在…… 方面开拓 / 创新”。例如：
The company is pioneering in the field of renewable energy.
这家公司在可再生能源领域开拓创新。
【典例分析】
1.The ____ of the new teaching method made a big difference in students' learning.
A. follower B. beginner C. learner D. pioneer
2. The ______ of the new farming method made it possible to grow more crops.
A. pioneer B. partner C. passenger D. postman
要点 2. receive 和accept的区别
“receive” 和 “accept” 都有 “接收”“收到” 的意思，但在用法上有一些区别
receive：通常指客观上 “收到”“接到” ，强调动作的客观性，不涉及接收者的主观意愿。例如：I received a letter from my friend yesterday.我昨天收到了朋友的一封信。
accept：更强调主观上 “接受”“认可”，表示接收者经过考虑后，愿意接受某物或某种情况，带有一定的主观意愿和情感色彩。例如：She accepted the job offer. 她接受了那份工作邀请。
用法搭配：“receive” 常与表示具体事物的名词搭配，如 “letter” “package” “gift” 等；“accept” 除了与具体事物搭配外，还常与抽象名词搭配，如 “invitation” “suggestion” “responsibility” 等。
He received a lot of presents on his birthday. 他在生日那天收到了很多礼物。
The company received many applications for the job.公司收到了许多求职申请。
She received a phone call from her mother.她接到了妈妈的一个电话。
I accept your apology. 我接受你的道歉。
They accepted the challenge bravely. 他们勇敢地接受了挑战。
He was happy to accept the award. 他很高兴地接受了那个奖项。
【典例分析】
1. 昨天我收到了我朋友的来信。
I __________ my friend’s letter yesterday.
2. 我接受你的建议。
I __________ your advice.
3.露西收到了他的礼物，但是她没有接受。
Lucy has ____________ his present, but she will not ____________it.
4. —Has Lucy ________ my invitation
—Yes, she has. But she can't ________ it because she will have to look after her grandpa that day.
A. received; receive B. accepted; accept C. received; accept D. accepted; receive
5. He ____________ a present from his friend yesterday, and he_________ it gladly.
A．received; received B．accepted; accepted C．received; accepted D．accepted; received
6.用accept 和 receive 的适当形式填空
1）Please __________ this invitation to my birthday party.
2）她收到了他的礼物，但是她是不会接受的。
She has _______ his present, but she will not ________ it.
要点 3. award
作名词
表示 “奖；奖品；奖金”，常与动词 “win” “receive” “get” 等搭配。如：
She won the first award in the speech contest.她在演讲比赛中获得了一等奖。
The Nobel Peace Prize is one of the most famous awards in the world.
诺贝尔和平奖是世界上最著名的奖项之一。
作动词
意为 “授予；奖励”，常用于 “award sb. sth.” 或 “award sth. to sb.” 结构中，表示把某物授予某人。例如：
The school awarded him a scholarship for his excellent grades.
学校因他成绩优异授予他奖学金。
此外，“award” 还可用于被动语态，如 “sth. be awarded to sb.”。例如：
The gold medal was awarded to the Chinese athlete. 金牌被授予了这位中国运动员。
【典例分析】
1.他花了4年时间攻读工程学并且授予了博士学位
He _________4 years_________engineering and ______ ________ a doctoral degree
2.The famous actor won an Oscar ______ for his amazing acting in that movie.
A. reward B. award C. honor D. medal
3.The committee decided to ______ the first prize to the young writer for his excellent novel.
A. award B. offer C. provide D. send
要点 4. education
education n. 教育；培养
educate v. 教育；培养；训练
educational adj. 有教育意义的
educator n. 教育工作者，教育家
higher education 高等教育
basic education 基础教育
adult education 成人教育
Education is very important for children.
教育对孩子们非常重要
The government is improving the education system.
政府正在改善教育体系
【典例分析】
1.It was the most __________(educate) experience I had ever had. 这是我最有教育意义的一次经历。
2.More money should be spent on ___________ (educate) and housing.
3.Parents always think that good ____ is the key to their children's future success.
A. information B. education C. communication D. entertainment
要点 5. Spend 四朵金花”（高频考题,重点训练）
词汇 用法
spend 主语必须是人，常用于以下结构： 1. spend time/money on sth. 在....上花费时间/金钱 2. spend time/money (in) doing sth. 花费时间/金钱做某事
cost 主语是物或者某种活动，还可以表示“值”，常见用法：“sth costs (sb)+金钱”,意为“某物花了（某人）多少钱”
take 后面常跟双宾语，常用于以下结构： 1. “It takes sb +时间+to do sth” 做某事花费某人多少时间。 2. “doing sth takes sb +时间” 做某事花费某人多少时间。
pay 主语必须是人，常用于以下结构： 1. pay (sb) money for sth. 为...付钱（给某人） 2. pay for sth. 付....的 钱 3. pay for sb. 替某人付钱 4. pay sb. 付钱给某人。
【典例分析】
一、单项选择：
1. It ______________ me two weeks to finish reading the novel written by Guo Jingming.
A. spent B. took C. paid D. cost
2. The new T-shirt _______________ me fifty yuan.
A. spent B. took C. paid D. cost
3.He ___________ twenty yuan for the book.
A. paid B. took C. cost D. spent
4.I usually ____________ two hours on my homework every day.
A. spend B. pay C. cost D. take
5.Jack usually __________ an hour ___________ his homework.
A. takes, to do B. pays, for doing C. spends, on doing D. spends, doing
6.Lucy spends one hundred yuan ___________ books every month.
A. on B. in C. with D. of
7.Little Tom usually spends his free time ___________ some reading at home.
A. do B. doing C. on doing D. to do
8.It took Lucy two days ___________ drawing this beautiful picture.
A. to finish B. in finishing C. finishing D. finish
9.A smile ____________ nothing, but gives much.
A. costs B. spends C. cost D. spend
二、选择正确的“花费”的适当形式填空。
1、It ______________ me about an hour to do my homework every day.
2、I ______________ an hour cleaning my office yesterday.
3、This heavy coat ______________ me 500 yuan.
4、I ______________ 50 yuan for the dictionary yesterday afternoon.
5、I ______________ two hours on this maths problem. At last, I worked it out.
三、完成句子。
1、他们花了两年建造这座大桥。
They __________ two years ___________ __________ this bridge.
2、他们用了三年时间修完了这条路。
_________ __________ them three years __________ build this road.
3、从这里走到车站花了我们半小时。
________ ________ us thirty minutes ________ _______ from here to the station.
4、我花了两个小时才完成这篇作文。
It took me two hours __________ ____________ the composition.
5、我花三千元买了这部手机。
________ ________ 3,000 yuan __________ the mobile phone.
要点 6. research
research n. 研究；调查
do research 做研究
research center 研究中心
market research 市场调查
He works in a research lab.他在一个研究实验室工作
She is doing research on climate change.她正在研究气候变化
The research shows that exercise is good for health.
研究表明锻炼对健康有益
【典例分析】
1.The scientists are doing a lot of ____ to find a cure for the disease.
A. exercise B. homework C. housework D. research
2.The scientists spent years doing ______ on the effects of pollution on plants.
A. research B. search C. survey D. investigation
要点 7.
achieve 作动词，意为 “实现；取得；达到”，强调通过努力、技巧或毅力而达成目标、获得成功或取得成就。
例句：He worked hard and finally achieved his dream of becoming a doctor.
他努力学习，最终实现了成为一名医生的梦想。
achieve a goal 实现目标 achieve success 取得成功
achieve progress 取得进展 achieve a balance 实现平衡
Achievement 作名词，意为 “成就；成绩；功绩”
例句：His scientific achievements have won him international fame. 他的科学成就为他赢得了国际声誉。
【典例分析】
1. If we Chinese work hard together, China Dream will ________.
A. come out B. come true C. achieve D. come on
2.恐怕他的愿望很难实现。
I’m afraid his wish won’t __________ __________easily.
I’m afraid he won’t ___________ __________ _________easily.
3. Even a small success can give you a sense of ______________ (achieve) .
4.钱学森取得了许多成就，在他的专业领域倍受尊敬。
Qian______ _____ _____ ______and he was a __________ person in his field.
5.After years of hard work, he finally ______ his goal of becoming a doctor.
A. achieved B. reached C. got D. arrived
要点 8. well-respected
well-respected adj. 受尊敬的
well-respected teacher 受尊敬的老师
well-respected scientist 受尊敬的科学家
well-respected job 受尊敬的工作
respect 作名词：表示 “尊敬；尊重”，常用于 “show respect for”（对…… 表示尊重），“have respect for”（尊重……）等短语中。也可表示 “方面”，常用短语 “in this/that respect”（在这 / 那方面）。
作动词：意为 “尊重；尊敬”
We should show respect for the elderly. 我们应该尊重老年人。
The plan is good in some respects. 这个计划在某些方面是好的。
You should respect your parents' wishes. 你应该尊重你父母的意愿。
Respectful 作形容词，意为 “恭敬的；有礼貌的；尊重他人的”，常用来形容人或人的行为表现。
例句：The students are always respectful to their teachers.
学生们对老师总是很恭敬。
Respected 作形容词，意为 “受尊敬的；受敬重的”，通常用于描述人因具有某种优秀品质或成就而受到他人的尊敬。
例句：He is a respected scientist in the field of chemistry.
他是化学领域一位受尊敬的科学家。
【典例分析】
1.We should always ______ the opinions of others, even if we don't agree with them.
A. respect B. admire C. praise D. envy
2.The ______ scientist gave an inspiring speech at our school.
A. respect B. respected C. respecting D. respectful
3.We should ______ our parents and always be kind to them.
A. honour B. respect C. admire D. look up to
要点 9. found
found v. 创立；建立
foundation n. 建立；设立；创办
founder n. 建立者；创始人
found a company 创立公司
found a school 建立学校
He founded the company in 1995.他于1995年创立了这家公司
She founded a charity to help children. 她创立了一个慈善机构来帮助儿童
注意：作为 “find” 的过去式和过去分词found. 表示 “找到；发现；发觉” 等。
I found my lost keys under the sofa.我在沙发下找到了我丢失的钥匙。
【典例分析】
1. Our club was ____ by a group of students who shared the same hobby.
A. found B. founded C. discovered D. started
2.I ______ my lost keys under the sofa yesterday.
A. found B. founded C. looked for D. searched
要点10. eager
eager adj. 热切的；渴望的
eagerly adv. 渴望地；急切地
eagerness n. 渴望；热心；热切
eager for 渴望；迫切要
be eager to do something 渴望做某事
He is eager to learn new things.他渴望学习新事物
The students are eager to start the project. 学生们热切希望开始这个项目
【典例分析】
1. The children ____ open their birthday presents.
A. are eager to B. are afraid to C. are ready to D. are willing to
2.The students are ______ to learn about the history of the ancient city.
A. eager B. anxious C. worried D. nervous
要点 11.
作动词
表示举起、抬起：例如：He raised his hand to ask a question. 他举手提问。
表示提高、提升：可用于提高价格、水平、声音等抽象或具体的事物。例如：The company plans to raise the salary of its employees. 公司计划提高员工的工资。
表示饲养、养育：用于抚养孩子或饲养动物。例如：
They raise chickens on their farm. 他们在农场养鸡。
表示筹集、募集：常与资金、捐款等搭配。例如：
We are raising money for the poor children. 我们正在为贫困儿童筹款。
表示引发、引起：常指引发讨论、问题、兴趣等。例如：
His speech raised many questions in people's minds.他的演讲在人们心中引发了许多问题
raise money 筹款
raise a family 养家
raise up 举起；抬起
辨析：raise, rise(rise--rose--risen)的区别
(1) 这两个词都有“提高，上升，增加”的意思，但其用法不同。
raise是及物动词，其主语通常是人；而rise是不及物动词，其主语通常是物。例如：
The sun rises and bathes the earth. 太阳升起，普照大地。
(2) raise和rise用于同一事物时含义不同。例如：
The price of TV sets has been raised recently. 最近电视机提价了。（政府或厂家主动行动）
The price of TV sets has risen recently. 最近电视机提价了。（市场调节）
【典例分析】
1. 用raise, rise的正确形式完成下列句子。
（1）He __________ and walked to the window.
（2）He ______ his hat to me as a sign of respect.
（3）The people’s living standard has greatly been ______.
（4）Her temperature is still ______.
2根据汉语意思完成句子
（1）月亮已经从山上升起。
The moon ________ ________ above the hills.
（2）老板答应要给她加薪水。
The boss promised ________ _________her salary.
3.As the curtain________， the famous singer came out. The fans________ and screamed with excitement.
A．was raised; rose B．had been raised; were raised
C．rose; were raised D．had risen; raised
4.Many people complain that some of KFCs in China ________ the price of a hamburger by one yuan.
A．rose B．raised C．dropped D．controlled
5. They the glasses between two peoples last year.
A. rise B. raise C. rose D. raised
6.-How did your class raise money for the poor old man in hospital
-We organized a book fair on the playground and sold some books and CDs .(同义句替换)
A. collect B. put up C. spend
7. 太阳从东边升起，从西边落下。
要点 12.
devote yourself to 献身； 致力
The doctor devoted himself to helping poor children.
这位医生致力于帮助贫困儿童
She has devoted herself to protecting wild animals for 10 years.
她投身野生动物保护已经10年了
We should devote ourselves to making our city cleaner.
我们应该致力于让城市更干净
【典例分析】
1.他一生都致力于杂交水稻的研究。
He ______ _______ ________the research of hybrid rice all his life.
要点 13. honour
作名词
1. 荣誉；光荣
用于描述因成就、行为等获得的尊重和赞誉，常出现在 “bring honour to”给…… 带来荣誉、“do sb. the honour”给某人以荣幸.等短语中。
例句：Winning the championship brought great honour to our school.
赢得冠军给我们学校带来了巨大的荣誉。
May I have the honour of dancing with you 我能有幸和你跳支舞吗？
2. 尊敬；敬意
常见搭配有 “show honour to”向…… 表示敬意。
例句：We should show honour to our elders.我们应该尊敬长辈。
3. 荣幸的事
用于表达做某事是一种难得的机会和荣幸。
例句：It's an honour to be invited to the party.
受邀参加这个派对是件很荣幸的事。
作动词
1. 尊敬；敬重
强调以尊重和敬仰的态度对待某人。
例句：We should honour our national heroes.
我们应该敬重我们的民族英雄。
2. 使增光；给…… 以荣誉
指某人或某事因为某个行为而增添光彩。
例句：The school is honoured to have such excellent students.
有这样优秀的学生，学校深感荣幸。
【典例分析】
1.The school will ______ the best students at the end - of - year ceremony.
A. honour B. praise C. reward D. award
2.It's a great ______ for me to be invited to speak here.
A. honour B. pride C. pleasure D. joy
3.The school gave him an award in ____ of his excellent academic performance.
A. need B. praise C. memory D. honour
要点 14. contribution
contribution n. 贡献；捐款
contribute v. 捐献；捐助
contributive adj. 有贡献的
make a contribution to doing 做出贡献
contribution to 对……的贡献
financial contribution 财政捐款
with a contribution from sth有某物的贡献
make a contribution to 做出贡献
这里的 “to” 是介词，后面可接人、组织、事业、领域等。
Many scientists have made great contributions to the development of the country.
许多科学家为国家的发展做出了巨大贡献。
He made a generous contribution to the charity.
他向慈善机构进行了慷慨的捐赠。
Volunteers made important contributions to the community project.志愿者们为社区项目做出了重要贡献。
【典例分析】
1.Thomas Edison made great ____ to the development of electricity.
A. progresses B. inventions C. contributions D. discoveries
2. Students can ____ our school by taking part in volunteer activities.
A. pay attention to B. make a difference to C. make contributions to D. look forward to
3.他为解决全球饥饿问题做出了一些贡献。
He ______ ______ _____ ____ _______ the problem of global hunger.
要点 15. inspire
inspire（动词）
表示 “鼓舞；激励；赋予灵感；激发（想法等）”。常见搭配有 “inspire sb. to do sth.”（激励某人做某事），“be inspired by”（被…… 鼓舞 / 启发）。
例句：The teacher inspired her students to pursue their dreams.老师激励她的学生去追求他们的梦想。
He was inspired by the beautiful scenery and wrote a poem.他被美丽的景色所启发，写了一首诗。
inspiration（名词）意为 “灵感；鼓舞人心的人（或事物）”。
例句：The artist gets his inspiration from nature.这位艺术家从大自然中获得灵感。
She is an inspiration to us all.她是鼓舞我们大家的人。
inspiring（形容词）
表示 “鼓舞人心的；激励的；启发灵感的”，用来形容事物具有激励或启发他人的性质。
例句：We watched an inspiring movie about a man's journey to success.
我们看了一部关于一个人走向成功历程的鼓舞人心的电影。
inspired（形容词）
意为 “受到鼓舞的；有灵感的”，通常用来形容人受到外界因素的影响而产生积极的变化或有了好的想法。
例句：The inspired writer created a wonderful novel.（这位受到启发的作家创作了一部精彩的小说。）；
He gave an inspired performance on the stage.（他在舞台上进行了一场富有灵感的表演。）
【典例分析】
1.The_________speech _________ the kids to study hard（inspire）
2.I am _________ by my teacher's_________words every day. （inspire）
3.The success story of the young entrepreneur ______ many students to start their own businesses.
A. inspired B. persuaded C. advised D. suggested
4.The famous scientist's lecture was so _____ that it ____ the audience to think deeply about the future of science.
A. inspiring; inspired B. inspired; inspiring C. inspiring; inspiring D. inspired; inspired
要点 16. praise
作名词
意为 “赞扬；称赞；表扬”
为不可数名词时，常与 “give” “receive” “win” 等动词搭配，构成 “give praise”给予赞扬、“receive/win praise”受到 / 赢得赞扬.等短语；作可数名词时，常用复数形式 “praises”，表示 “赞词；表扬的话”例句：
The teacher gave praise to the students who had done well in the exam.
老师表扬了在考试中表现出色的学生。
His hard work and dedication won him the praise of his colleagues.
他的努力工作和奉献精神赢得了同事们的赞扬。
She sang the praises of the new restaurant to her friends.
她向朋友们盛赞那家新餐厅。
作动词
意为 “赞扬；称赞；表扬”
用法：常用结构为 “praise sb. for sth.”，表示 “因某事赞扬某人”。
例句：
The parents praised their daughter for her good grades.
父母因女儿的好成绩而表扬了她。
The coach praised the team for their excellent performance in the game.教练赞扬了球队在比赛中的出色表现。
【典例分析】
1. The teacher gave him high ____ for his excellent composition.
A. pride B. prize C. price D. praise
2. The boss ______ the employee for his hard work.
A. praised B. punished C. pushed D. protected
要点 17.
stop doing表示“停止正在做的事情”；
stop to do表示“停下来开始做”的意思。例如：
Now let’s stop reading. 现在咱们停止读书。
Our teacher stopped to look at the boy. 老师停下来看了看那个男孩。
stop ……from doing ……表示“阻止某人做某事或者阻止某事发生”。
The trees and grasses can stop the wind from blowing the earth away.
树和草可以阻止风把土吹走。
【典例分析】
1.那场大雪使他未能来我们的聚会。
The heavy snow _____________ __________ __________ __________ to our party.
2.The heavy rain stopped them _______ home on time.
A. return B. returning C. returned D. to return
3. You look tired, you must________.
A. stops to work B. stopped working C. stop to work D. stop working
4. In the end, we felt tired, so we stopped ______ a rest.
A. having B. to have C. had D. have
5.请停止说话，咱们开始上课。
Please _________ _____________. Let’s start the lesson.
6大雨使我们踢不了球。
The heavy rain ___________ us ___________ ___________ football.
7.我们必须阻止人们砍伐树林。
We must ___________people _____________ ____________ down trees.
要点 18. Certain
表示 “确定的；无疑的”用于 “be certain of/about sth.” 结构
某人对某事有把握、确定无疑。“of” 和 “about” 有时可互换，但 “about” 更强调关于某方面的具体内容。
I'm certain of his success.我确定他会成功。
She is certain about her decision. 她对自己的决定很确定。
用于 “be certain + that 从句” 结构
表明某人对从句所陈述的事情确信无疑。
I'm certain that they will win the game.（我确定他们会赢得这场比赛。）
表示 “某个；特定的” “一些；某些”
at certain times 在某些时候
当 certain表示这个含义时，置于名词前，用于提及不明确指出的人或事物。
He has a certain reason for his strange behavior.
他的奇怪行为有某个特定的原因。
Certain students in the class are very hard - working.班上有些学生非常勤奋。
Certain countries have different cultures and traditions.
某些国家有不同的文化和传统。
固定短语
for certain“肯定地；确凿地”，一般置于句尾，用于强调信息的确定性。
We don't know for certain if it will rain tomorrow.
我们不能肯定明天是否会下雨。
【典例分析】
1. There are ______ rules in our school that we must follow.
A. some B. certain C. many D. few
2.It's ______ that the weather will get better tomorrow.
A. certain B. probable C. possible D. likely
要点 19.
put out 熄灭； 扑灭
put down 放下；写下
put off 推迟；延期
put on 穿上；上演；演出；增加（体重）
put up 举起；挂起；张贴
put away 把......放好；把......收拾起来
Firefighters put out the forest fire in three hours.
消防员三小时扑灭了森林大火
Remember to put out the campfire before leaving!
离开前记得熄灭营火
【典例分析】
1. The firefighters worked hard to ______ the big fire in the factory.
A. put out B. put on C. put up D. put away
2. —Jason, could you please ________ this picture on the wall
—With pleasure.
A. put on B. put off
C. put up D. put out
3．用put构成的短语填空
1）We will _________ the new play next month.
2）The sports meet will be ____________because of the bad weather.
3）_________ the books ________ after reading.
4）__________the gentleman’s address.
5）It took the fire---fighters four hours to _________ the fire.
6）Many new high buildings have been __________ in our city.
4.消防车运载水和灭火设备来灭火。
A fire engine carries water and equipment for________ _______ fires.
要点 20. tough
1. 坚韧的；牢固的
This kind of leather is tough and can last a long time.
这种皮革很坚韧，可以使用很长时间。
2. 坚强的；能吃苦耐劳的(用来形容人意志坚定，能够承受困难和压力
You need to be tough to survive in the mountains alone.
你要足够坚强才能独自在山里生存。
3. 艰难的；棘手的
He is facing some tough problems at work.他在工作中面临着一些棘手的问题。
4. 严厉的；强硬的(描述人或措施严格、不宽容
The school has tough rules to maintain discipline.
学校有严格的规定来维持纪律。
【典例分析】
17. You need to be ______ to succeed in this competitive world.
A. tough B. soft C. weak D. gentle
要点 21.
otherwise adv. 否则；另外；不然
He is noisy, but otherwise a nice boy.他爱吵闹，但在其他方面倒是个好孩子
Don't be so careless, otherwise you'll regret it.别这么粗心大意，不然会后悔
与 “or”（否则）的区别
语义侧重
“otherwise”：更强调对比，暗示如果不按照前面所说的去做，就会出现后面相反的结果，有一种 “不然的话就会……” 的意思，语气相对温和。
“or”（否则）：则更侧重于警告或提醒，语气相对较强，有一种 “如果不这样做，就会有不好的后果” 的紧迫感。
otherwise”：是一个比较正式的词，在句子中的位置比较灵活，可以放在句中，也可以放在句首或句末。
“or”：作为 “否则” 的意思时，通常用于连接两个并列的句子，且前面的句子通常是一个祈使句或含有情态动词的句子。
You'd better take an umbrella. Otherwise, you'll get wet in the rain.
你最好带把伞。不然的话，你会在雨中淋湿的。
Hurry up, or you'll miss the train.快点，否则你会错过火车的。
【典例分析】
1. We must hurry up, ______ we will miss the train.
A. so B. then C. otherwise D. thus
2.保持健康也很重要。否则，你可能会伤到自己。
It is also important___ ____ ___. _________, you might hurt yourself.
要点 22.
be able to 表示能力：强调通过努力、学习而具备的能力，用于各种时态。
一般现在时：I am able to speak English fluently.我能够流利地说英语。
一般过去时：He was able to solve the problem by himself yesterday.
他昨天能够自己解决这个问题。
一般将来时：She will be able to drive a car after she gets her license.
她拿到驾照后将能够开车。
现在完成时：They have been able to finish the project ahead of time.
他们已经能够提前完成项目。
can只有一般现在时和一般过去时could两种形式，表达其他时态，需用 be able to。
【典例分析】
1. She ______ solve the math problem by herself because she has learned some useful methods.
A. is able to B. is going to C. ought to D. needs to
2.如果每天练习，你一定能流利说英语
If you practice every day, you ____ ____ __ ___speak English fluently.
要点 23.
survive v. 幸免于；幸存；生还
survival n. 幸存；生存
survive on 靠…活下来；靠…生存
survive from 从…存活下来/流传下来
作不及物动词
表示 “幸存下来” “继续生存或存在”
Only a few people survived in the plane crash.
在飞机失事中只有少数人幸存下来。
Some traditional customs have survived for thousands of years.
一些传统习俗已经延续了数千年。
作及物动词
表示经历…… 后继续存在
The company managed to survive the economic crisis.
这家公司设法在经济危机中挺了过来。
【典例分析】
1. With little food and water, it's hard for them to ______ for a long time.
A. exist B. survive C. remain D. last
要点 24.
proud 是形容词，意为 “自豪的；骄傲的；值得自豪的”
pride：名词，意为 “自豪；骄傲；自尊心”.
be proud of：表示 “为…… 感到自豪 / 骄傲” 。
She is proud of her son's excellent grades. 她为儿子的优异成绩感到骄傲。
be proud to do sth.： “做某事感到自豪”。
He is proud to be a part of the rescue team.他为能成为救援队的一员而自豪。
take pride in：与 be proud of意思相近，也表示 以…… 为傲，但 take pride in更强调动作，而 be proud of更强调状态。
The coach takes pride in his team's hard - working spirit.
教练为他团队的勤奋精神而自豪。
【典例分析】
1. My parents are very ______ of my good grades in the exam.
A. happy B. proud C. glad D. pleased
2. Our parents ______ our success and always encourage us to do better.
A. are proud of B. are interested in C. are afraid of D. are tired of
3.我们为国家在体育上的成就自豪
We _____ ______ ______our country's achievements in sports.
要点 25.
die(v) 死亡 death(n) 死亡
die为不及物动词，意为“死”，其过去式为died，现在分词为dying。
More than three hundred people died in the air crash. 在这次飞机失事中有300多人死亡。
She is ill and I’m afraid she’s dying. 她病了，恐怕快要死了。
译：他的母亲去世5年了。
误：His mother died for five years.
正：His mother has been dead for five years.
dead形容词，意为“死的，失去生命的”，在句中可作定语或表语。
He was watching his dead cat when I came in.
当我进来时，他正在注视着他的死去的猫。
I’m afraid he is dead. 我恐怕他已经去世了。
拓展：
die of意为“因……而死”，一般指由于疾病、情感等内因引起的死亡。
Her grandfather died of cancer in 1992. 她的祖父于1992年死于癌症。
die from意为“因……而死”，一般指由于外伤、事故等外因引起的死亡。
The old man died from a car accident last year. 那位老人去年死于一场车祸。
【典例分析】
1. —Do you know that Mr. Zhang passed by last week
—Yes. He died ________ illness.
A. of B. from C. with D. as
2. The lamb ________ for quite some time.
A. has died B. die C. has dead D. has been dead
3. —When did the old man ________？
—In 2006. He ________ for nearly ten years.
A. die; died B. die; has been dead C. dead; has died D. dead; died
4.那个婴儿死于发烧。
The baby _______ __________f a fever.
5.那个老人死于一起交通事故。
The old man ________ _________ a traffic accident.
要点 26. admire
admire 是动词，意为 “钦佩；赞赏；羡慕；欣赏”。
admiration名词，钦佩；赞赏、
admirable形容词，令人钦佩的；值得赞赏的
I really admire her courage.我真的很钦佩她的勇气。
We admired the beautiful scenery.我们欣赏了美丽的风景。
I admire him for his intelligence.我因他的智慧而钦佩他。
She expressed her admiration for his work.她表达了对他工作的钦佩。
Her dedication is admirable.她的奉献精神令人钦佩。
【典例分析】
1.She expressed her _________ for his work.（admire）
2. He did an admirable job. （admire）
3. We all admire her ______ her kindness and always ready to help others.
A. of B. for C. with D. at
4. I really ______ your courage to speak in public. It's not easy for most people.
A. envy B. praise C. admire D. appreciate
感叹句
感叹句一般是用来表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感。英语中的感叹句常用 “what”和 “how”引导。
1. 由 “what”引导的感叹句： what意为 “多么”, 用作定语，修饰名词。单数可数名词前要加不定冠词a/an,
（1） What+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+主语+谓语！
（2）What+形容词+复数可数名词/不可数名词+主语+谓语！
2. 由 “how”引导的感叹句： how意为 “多么”，用作状语，修饰形容词或副词。
(1） How+形容词+主语+谓语！
(2） How+副词+主语+谓语！
祈使句
祈使句表示请求、命令、建议、劝告和号召等含义，其肯定形式是以动词原形开头，否定形式是在动词原形之前加 don’t。
2.祈使句基本结构
肯定句式有三种形式：
(1) Do型（以动词原形开头） Sit down! Stand up!
（2）Be型（Be+表语，如名词、形容词）Be quiet! Be quick!
（3）Let型（Let+人称代词宾格+动词原形+其他成分） Let me help you.
注意：为了祈使句的句式委婉、客气，常加上please一词，构成句式Please...或...，please.
Come here please. Please look after your little sister.
3.祈使句的否定结构是在动词原形前加don't
Please don't go there. Don't be late. Don't let him in.
【典例分析】
用how或what填空或用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. Jack won the first prize in the English competition. __________ excellent he is!
2. __________ an exciting match it is! Wonderful players and wonderful teams!
3. —So many people like to watch The Voice of China.
—__________ wonderful it is! I like it very much.
4. __________ bad the weather is!
5.__________ bad weather it is!
6. _____________ (stand) too close to North Americans. Give them more personal space.
7. —Is there a No.2 bus stop near here
—Yes, there is. __________ (turn) left at the second crossing, and you will find it.
8. —__________(be) quiet . The baby is sleeping. —I’m sorry.
二、完成句子
1.他们多么开心啊！
_________ ___________ they are!
2. 他跑得多快啊！没有人赶得上他。
____________ ___________ he runs! No one can catch up with him.
3. 天气真糟糕呀！又要开始下雨了。
___________ ___________ the weather is! It is going to rain again.
___________ ___________ weather it is ! It is going to rain again.
4. 你父亲可真忙呀！别打扰他。
____________ ___________ your father is! Don’t disturb him.
5. 别傻了。
__________ ___________silly.
6. 别忘了给这些花浇水。
________ _________ to water the flowers.
7. 让我们坐火车去那里吧
_______ ________ a train to get there.
【话题分析】
我最敬佩的人
本单元谈论我最敬佩的人，从课文中我们分别学习我们时代的榜样钱学森，张桂梅，袁隆平的文章，这些文章为我们提供写作语言。写作时我们要学会将这些目标语言进行合适运用——同时要求我们通过本课学习掌握这类文章的写作的基本特点和架构。写作前学会列提纲。
一、在写作过程中要明确以下几点：
1.开门见山，谁是你最敬佩的人。简单介绍人物的职业，身份。
2. 他（她）取得的成就。
3. 敬佩的原因。
4. 他（她）对你的影响。（向他（她）学习的地方）。
开头（Introduction）
引出主题，点明自己最钦佩的人是谁。
There are many great people in the world, but the one I admire most is [人物名字].
中间（Body）
详细介绍这个人的基本信息，如职业、身份等。
讲述这个人的主要事迹或成就，突出为什么你钦佩他 / 她。每个事迹可以单独成一段。
在描述事迹时，要提及他 / 她所展现出的优秀品质，如勇敢（brave）、善良（kind - hearted）、勤奋（hard - working）、有责任心（responsible）等。
示例：[人物名字] is a [职业]. He / She has done many amazing things. One of the most impressive things is that [具体事迹 1]. Through this, we can see his/her [优秀品质 1]. Another thing is [具体事迹 2], which shows his/her [优秀品质 2].
结尾（Conclusion）
总结全文，再次强调你对这个人的钦佩之情。
可以谈谈这个人对你的影响，以及你从他 / 她身上学到了什么。
示例：I admire [人物名字] very much. His / Her stories have inspired me to be a [你想成为的人 / 具备的品质]. I hope I can be like him/her in the future.
【短语积累】
一、短语积累
1.模范，榜样 ___________________ 2.为……做贡献___________________
3.在……的发展中___________________ 4.去深造___________________
5.花时间/金钱做某事___________________ 6.在某人的领域___________________
7.渴望做某事___________________ 8.不知疲倦地工作___________________
9.起关键作用___________________ 10.致力于……___________________
11.生活简朴___________________ 12.不计名利___________________
13.突出___________________ 14.阻止……做某事___________________
15.在某些时候___________________ 16.清除___________________
17.扑灭___________________ 18.感到自豪___________________
19.获得成功___________________ 20.能够做某事___________________
【句式积累】
1.我最钦佩的人是袁隆平，他被称为“杂交水稻之父”。
2.钱学森是中国航天科技发展的先驱。
3.他在美国的大学里做了多年的教学和研究工作。
4.钱学森取得了许多成就，在他的专业领域倍受尊敬。
5.他渴望将自己的知识和技能带 回祖国，并开始计划回国。
6.他最伟大的成就之一是培育出高产杂交水稻(high-yield hybrid rice)。
7.她投身野生动物保护已经10年了
8.他为解决全球饥饿(global hunger)问题做出了一些贡献。
9.他在研制中国第一枚火箭方面发挥了关键作用
10.钱过着简朴的生活，对名利不感兴趣
【实战演练】
假如你是李华，你校英语社团公众号正在进行关于“我敬仰的科学家”系列推送活动。请你用英语给公众号留言，介绍你敬仰的科学家，包括他/ 她是谁、他/她的成就及你敬佩他/她的原因。
参考词汇: devote…to， make a great contribution to, look up on, selfless dedication spirit(无私奉献的精神), be eager to , played a key role in
要求: 词数不少于80。
Dear English club official account,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Li Hua
Dear English club official account,
I'm Li Hua, and I really want to talk about the scientist I admire - Tu Youyou. She is a great Chinese scientist who has made a huge difference in the medical field.
Tu Youyou devoted herself to researching traditional Chinese medicine for many years. She discovered artemisinin, which played a key role in treating malaria. Her discovery saved millions of lives around the world. She made a great contribution to global health.
I look up to her because of her selfless dedication spirit. She was always eager to find a way to help people suffering from diseases. Despite many difficulties, she never gave up. Her story encourages me to work hard and never stop chasing my dreams.
I hope more people can know about her and be inspired by her.
Li Hua
篇二
I'm Li Hua, and the scientist I look up to is Thomas Edison. He is one of the most famous inventors in history. Edison made numerous inventions. The light bulb is his most well - known one. Before the light bulb, people
used candles or oil lamps, which were not very convenient. His invention of the light bulb changed the world. It brought light to people's lives and played a key role in the development of modern society. He also made contributions to the phonograph and many other important inventions.
I admire Edison because of his creative mind and his never - give - up attitude. He tried thousands of times to find the right material for the light bulb filament. His selfless dedication to invention inspired generations of people. He was always eager to try new ideas and solve problems. Whenever I face difficulties in my studies, I think of his story and get the courage to keep going.
Thomas Edison is truly a great scientist, and his spirit will always encourage me to explore and innovate.
Li Hua
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页）/ 让教学更有效 高效备课备考 | 英语学科
Unit 7 Role models of our times
单元小结
学习目标：本单元学习内容：最敬佩的人（我们时代的模范）。分别介绍了科学家钱学森，袁隆平，张桂梅。还有考古学家樊锦诗。学习积累描写模范人物的这些语材，会阅读关于人物介绍的文章。
语法目标：感叹句和祈使句用法
听说目标：能够听懂关于人物介绍的小短文，掌握时间线里面的细节，谈论自己最敬佩的人。
写作目标：能写出自己最敬佩的人小短文。
目录
知识要点一、重点单词，短语及句式
要点1 重点短语 练习
要点2 重点句式 练习
【精讲精练】
要点1 pioneer的用法 练习
要点2 receive 和accept的区别 练习
要点3 award的用法 练习
要点4 education的用法 练习
要点5“spend 四朵金花” 练习
要点6 research的用法 练习
要点7 achieve的用法 练习
要点8 well-respected的用法 练习
要点9 found的用法 练习
要点10. eager/be eager to 的用法 练习
要点11.raise/rise的用法 练习
要点12. devote yourself to的用法 练习
要点13.honour的用法 练习
要点14 contribution/make contribution to的用法 练习
要点15.inspire的用法 练习
要点16 praise的用法 练习
要点17 stop doing/stop to do/stop…from的用法 练习
要点18 certain的用法 练习
要点19 put out及put构成的短语的用法 练习
要点20 tough用法 练习
要点21 otherwise的用法 练习
要点22 be able to的用法 练习
要点23 survive的用法 练习
要点24 proud/be proud of的用法 练习
要点25 die death(n)，dead 用法 练习
要点26 admire的用法 练习
知识要点二、语法
要点1 感叹句和祈使句用法 25
知识要点三、书面表达
要点1 话题分析 27
要点2 词汇短语积累 28
要点3句式积累 28
要点4实战演练 29
【重点短语】
1.模范，榜样 role models
2.为…… 做贡献make contributions to sth./doing
3.在…… 的发展中in the development of
4.去深造go to further one’s education
5.花时间 / 金钱做某事spend time/money doing sth.
6.在某人的领域in one’s field
7.渴望做某事be eager to do sth.
8.不知疲倦地工作work tirelessly
9.起关键作用play a key role in...
10.致力于……devote oneself to
11.生活简朴live a simple life
12.不计名利not interested in fame or money
13.突出stand out
14.阻止…… 做某事stop...from doing sth.
15.在某些时候at certain times
16.清除clear away
17.扑灭put out
18.感到自豪be proud of
19.获得成功achieve success
20.能够做某事be able to do sth.
【重点句式】
1.Qian Xuesen was a pioneer in the development of China's aerospace science and technology. 钱学森是中国航天科技发展的先驱。
2.In 1999, he received the Two Bombs and One Satellite Merit Award.
1999年，他荣获“两弹一星”功勋奖章。
3. He studied engineering at Shanghai Jiao Tong University and then went to further his education in the USA.
他在上海交通大学学习工程学，然后去美国深造。
4. After that, he spent many years teaching and doing research at universities in the USA.
之后，他在美国的大学里做了多年的教学和研究工作。
5. While in the USA, Qian achieved lots of success and he was a well-respected person in his field.
在美国期间，钱学森取得了许多成就，在他的专业领域倍受尊敬。
6.However, he decided to return to China when he heard of the founding of the People‘s Republic of China.
然而，当他得知中华人民共和国成立时，他决定回国.
7.He was eager to bring his knowledge and skills to his homeland and began planning his return.
他渴望将自己的知识和技能带 回祖国，并开始计划回国。
8.Once home, he worked tirelessly to raise the level of China's science and technology.
一回到祖国，他就不知疲倦地工作，以 提高中国的科学技术水平。
9. His influence is still present today in the Long March rocket programme and other space missions.
他的影响至今仍体现在长征火箭项目 和其他太空任务中。
10. Qian devoted himself to his country, and his great work brought honour and success to China.
钱学森把毕生献给了祖国，他的伟大事业给中国带来了荣誉和成功。
11. If after I die the public feels I have made some contributions during my life, that approval would be the highest praise of all."
“如果在我死后，公众 认为我在一生中做出了一些贡献，那么这种认可将是对我最高的赞扬。
12. This means that I jump out of airplanes to stop big fires from spreading in the forest!
这意味着我从飞机上跳下来，以阻止大火在森林中蔓延！
13.Once we land, we race to put out the fire. We use simple tools to clear away dead leaves and trees to stop fires from spreading.
一旦我们着陆，我们就会争先恐后地灭火。我们使用简单的工具清除枯叶和树木，以阻止火灾蔓延。
14. Otherwise, you might hurt yourself when you land.
否则，你着陆时可能会受伤。
【精讲精练】
要点 1. pioneer
作名词
表示 “先驱；开拓者；先锋”，例如：
Yuan Longping is a pioneer in the field of hybrid rice.
袁隆平是杂交水稻领域的先驱。
也可意为 “拓荒者；开发者”，例如：
The pioneers cleared the forests and built their houses.
拓荒者们砍伐森林，建造房屋。
young pioneer 少先队员
space pioneer 太空先驱
作动词
意思是 “开创；倡导；开拓”，例如：
He pioneered a new approach to teaching mathematics.
他开创了一种新的数学教学方法。
“pioneer in” 是常见搭配，表示 “在…… 方面开拓 / 创新”。例如：
The company is pioneering in the field of renewable energy.
这家公司在可再生能源领域开拓创新。
【典例分析】
1.The ____ of the new teaching method made a big difference in students' learning.
A. follower B. beginner C. learner D. pioneer
【答案】D
【解析】A. follower：“follower” 意为 “追随者” 。句子强调的是发起新方法的人，并非追随者，不符合语境 B. beginner：“beginner” 意思是 “初学者” 。初学者与发起新教学方法并带来重大影响这一行为不相符，不符合语境。 C. learner：“learner” 指 “学习者” 。学习者主要强调学习知识，而非发起新教学方法，不符合语境。 D. pioneer：“pioneer” 可表示 “倡导者，先锋” 。在此句中，倡导新教学方法的人对学生学习产生重大影响，该选项符合语境。
2. The ______ of the new farming method made it possible to grow more crops.
A. pioneer B. partner C. passenger D. postman
【答案】A。
【解析】新种植方法的开创者（先锋）让种植更多庄稼成为可能。B 选项 “partner” 是伙伴；C 选项 “passenger” 是乘客；D 选项 “postman” 是邮递员，语义不符。
要点 2. receive 和accept的区别
“receive” 和 “accept” 都有 “接收”“收到” 的意思，但在用法上有一些区别
receive：通常指客观上 “收到”“接到” ，强调动作的客观性，不涉及接收者的主观意愿。例如：I received a letter from my friend yesterday.我昨天收到了朋友的一封信。
accept：更强调主观上 “接受”“认可”，表示接收者经过考虑后，愿意接受某物或某种情况，带有一定的主观意愿和情感色彩。例如：She accepted the job offer. 她接受了那份工作邀请。
用法搭配：“receive” 常与表示具体事物的名词搭配，如 “letter” “package” “gift” 等；“accept” 除了与具体事物搭配外，还常与抽象名词搭配，如 “invitation” “suggestion” “responsibility” 等。
He received a lot of presents on his birthday. 他在生日那天收到了很多礼物。
The company received many applications for the job.公司收到了许多求职申请。
She received a phone call from her mother.她接到了妈妈的一个电话。
I accept your apology. 我接受你的道歉。
They accepted the challenge bravely. 他们勇敢地接受了挑战。
He was happy to accept the award. 他很高兴地接受了那个奖项。
【典例分析】
1. 昨天我收到了我朋友的来信。
I __________ my friend’s letter yesterday.
【答案】received。receive是动词，意为“收到”，强调客观收到。
2. 我接受你的建议。
I __________ your advice.
【答案】accepted。accept 是动词，意为“接受；答应”，表示主动而且高兴地接受，强调主观愿望
3.露西收到了他的礼物，但是她没有接受。
Lucy has ____________ his present, but she will not ____________it.
【答案】received accept
4. —Has Lucy ________ my invitation
—Yes, she has. But she can't ________ it because she will have to look after her grandpa that day.
A. received; receive B. accepted; accept C. received; accept D. accepted; receive
【答案】C
【解析】句意：----露西收到我的请柬了吗？-------是的，她收到了。但她不能接受，因为那天她必须照顾她的爷爷。考查动词词义辨析。received收到，receive invitation：收到邀请；accept接受，accept invitation接受邀请。结合句意和语境可知选C。
5. He ____________ a present from his friend yesterday, and he_________ it gladly.
A．received; received B．accepted; accepted C．received; accepted D．accepted; received
【答案】C
【解析】句意：他昨天收到朋友送的礼物，很高兴地接受了。receive 动词，意为“收到”，强调客观上收到某物；accept动词，意为“接受”，强调主观上愿意接受。故选C。
6.用accept 和 receive 的适当形式填空
1）Please __________ this invitation to my birthday party.
2）她收到了他的礼物，但是她是不会接受的。
She has _______ his present, but she will not ________ it.
【答案】1）receive 2）received accept
要点 3. award
作名词
表示 “奖；奖品；奖金”，常与动词 “win” “receive” “get” 等搭配。如：
She won the first award in the speech contest.她在演讲比赛中获得了一等奖。
The Nobel Peace Prize is one of the most famous awards in the world.
诺贝尔和平奖是世界上最著名的奖项之一。
作动词
意为 “授予；奖励”，常用于 “award sb. sth.” 或 “award sth. to sb.” 结构中，表示把某物授予某人。例如：
The school awarded him a scholarship for his excellent grades.
学校因他成绩优异授予他奖学金。
此外，“award” 还可用于被动语态，如 “sth. be awarded to sb.”。例如：
The gold medal was awarded to the Chinese athlete. 金牌被授予了这位中国运动员。
【典例分析】
1.他花了4年时间攻读工程学并且授予了博士学位
He _________4 years_________engineering and ______ ________ a doctoral degree
【答案】spent studying was awarded
2.The famous actor won an Oscar ______ for his amazing acting in that movie.
A. reward B. award C. honor D. medal
【答案】：B
【解析】：B 选项 “award” 在这里指奥斯卡奖这一具有权威性和专业性的奖项，“win an Oscar award” 是常见表达，意为 “赢得奥斯卡奖”；A 选项 “reward” 更强调因付出努力、帮助等而得到的回报；C 选项 “honor” 意为 “荣誉”，较为宽泛，不如 “award” 具体指某个奖项；D 选项 “medal” 通常指奖牌，如奥运会的金牌、银牌、铜牌等，与奥斯卡奖这种奖项类别表述不同。
3.The committee decided to ______ the first prize to the young writer for his excellent novel.
A. award B. offer C. provide D. send
【答案】：A
【解析】A 选项 “award”，“award sth. to sb.” 是固定用法，表示 “把某物授予某人”，委员会根据作家的优秀小说决定把一等奖授予他，符合该词用法和语境，所以 A 选项正确。
B 选项 “offer” 意为 “主动提供”，一般是主动提出给予某人帮助、建议等，没有 “授予奖项” 的意思，所以 B 选项不正确。
C 选项 “provide” 意为 “提供”，通常用于 “provide sb. with sth.” 或 “provide sth. for sb.” 的结构，强调提供所需的东西，而不是授予奖项，所以 C 选项不合适。
D 选项 “send” 意为 “发送；寄”，和 “授予奖项” 的意思相差甚远，所以 D 选项错误。
要点 4. education
education n. 教育；培养
educate v. 教育；培养；训练
educational adj. 有教育意义的
educator n. 教育工作者，教育家
higher education 高等教育
basic education 基础教育
adult education 成人教育
Education is very important for children.
教育对孩子们非常重要
The government is improving the education system.
政府正在改善教育体系
【典例分析】
1.It was the most __________(educate) experience I had ever had. 这是我最有教育意义的一次经历。
2.More money should be spent on ___________ (educate) and housing.
【解析】1.educational 有教育意义的 2.education 名词。
3.Parents always think that good ____ is the key to their children's future success.
A. information B. education C. communication D. entertainment
【答案】B
【解析】 A. information：“information” 指 “信息” 。信息虽然重要，但从普遍认知来说，不是孩子未来成功的关键因素，不符合语境。 B. education：“education” 意为 “教育” 。家长通常认为良好的教育是孩子未来成功的关键，符合常理和语境。 C. communication：“communication” 意为 “交流，沟通” 。沟通能力对孩子发展有帮助，但并非像教育那样直接关联到未来成功的关键，不符合语境。 D. entertainment：“entertainment” 表示 “娱乐” 。娱乐与孩子未来成功没有直接紧密联系，不符合语境。
要点 5. Spend 四朵金花”（高频考题,重点训练）
词汇 用法
spend 主语必须是人，常用于以下结构： 1. spend time/money on sth. 在....上花费时间/金钱 2. spend time/money (in) doing sth. 花费时间/金钱做某事
cost 主语是物或者某种活动，还可以表示“值”，常见用法：“sth costs (sb)+金钱”,意为“某物花了（某人）多少钱”
take 后面常跟双宾语，常用于以下结构： 1. “It takes sb +时间+to do sth” 做某事花费某人多少时间。 2. “doing sth takes sb +时间” 做某事花费某人多少时间。
pay 主语必须是人，常用于以下结构： 1. pay (sb) money for sth. 为...付钱（给某人） 2. pay for sth. 付....的 钱 3. pay for sb. 替某人付钱 4. pay sb. 付钱给某人。
【典例分析】
一、单项选择：
1. It ______________ me two weeks to finish reading the novel written by Guo Jingming.
A. spent B. took C. paid D. cost
【答案】B句意：读完郭敬明写的这部小时花费了我两周的时间。考查易混动词用法辨别。根据人花费作主语用spend / pay，物花费作主语用take / cost，再根据短语搭配take sb some time + to dos th，判断为take；故选B。
2. The new T-shirt _______________ me fifty yuan.
A. spent B. took C. paid D. cost
【答案】D句意：这件新的T恤衫花费了我50远。考查易混动词用法辨析。根据物作主语用take/cost；再根据短语搭配cost sb some money；判断为cost；故选D。
3.He ___________ twenty yuan for the book.
A. paid B. took C. cost D. spent
【答案】A. 主语是人(he)。并且从后面搭配用for可知答案选A。pay…for为...付钱（给某人）
4.I usually ____________ two hours on my homework every day.
A. spend B. pay C. cost D. take
【答案】A 主语是人(I )。并且从后面搭配用on可知答案选A. spend time/money on sth. 在....上花费时间/金钱
5.Jack usually __________ an hour ___________ his homework.
A. takes, to do B. pays, for doing C. spends, on doing D. spends, doing
【答案】D 主语是人(Jack ) . spend time/money (in) doing sth.花费时间/金钱做某事。in省略。
6.Lucy spends one hundred yuan ___________ books every month.
A. on B. in C. with D. of
【答案】A。 spend time/money on sth. 在....上花费时间/金钱
7.Little Tom usually spends his free time ___________ some reading at home.
A. do B. doing C. on doing D. to do
【答案】B spend（in）doing in可省略，而不是spend 。。。on doing。注意这里学生往往弄错。故答案选B
8.It took Lucy two days ___________ drawing this beautiful picture.
A. to finish B. in finishing C. finishing D. finish
【答案】A。“It takes sb +时间+to do sth” 做某事花费某人多少时间。
9.A smile ____________ nothing, but gives much.
A. costs B. spends C. cost D. spend
【答案】A 句意：微笑无需付出，却给予很多。spend花费，Sb. spend some money/some time on/doing sth.主语是人，经常与on连用，跟动词用动名词形式；cost花费，Sth. cost sb. some money，主语是物，人和钱作其宾语。本题中a smile是物，用cost。主语A smile是单数名词，因此谓语动词要使用第三人称单数形式；故本题选A项costs。
二、选择正确的“花费”的适当形式填空。
1、It ______________ me about an hour to do my homework every day.
【答案】takes
2、I ______________ an hour cleaning my office yesterday.
【答案】spent
3、This heavy coat ______________ me 500 yuan.
【答案】cost
4、I ______________ 50 yuan for the dictionary yesterday afternoon.
【答案】paid
5、I ______________ two hours on this maths problem. At last, I worked it out.
【答案】spent
三、完成句子。
1、他们花了两年建造这座大桥。
They __________ two years ___________ __________ this bridge.
【答案】spent in building
2、他们用了三年时间修完了这条路。
_________ __________ them three years __________ build this road.
【答案】It took to
3、从这里走到车站花了我们半小时。
________ ________ us thirty minutes ________ _______ from here to the station.
【答案】It takes to walk
4、我花了两个小时才完成这篇作文。
It took me two hours __________ ____________ the composition.
【答案】to finish
5、我花三千元买了这部手机。
________ ________ 3,000 yuan __________ the mobile phone.
【答案】I spent on/buying 或 I paid for
要点 6. research
research n. 研究；调查
do research 做研究
research center 研究中心
market research 市场调查
He works in a research lab.他在一个研究实验室工作
She is doing research on climate change.她正在研究气候变化
The research shows that exercise is good for health.
研究表明锻炼对健康有益
【典例分析】
1.The scientists are doing a lot of ____ to find a cure for the disease.
A. exercise B. homework C. housework D. research
【答案】D
【解析】 A. exercise：“exercise” 有 “锻炼；练习” 等意思，与科学家进行科研的行为不一致，不符合语境 B. homework：“homework” 指 “家庭作业”，通常是学生完成的学习任务，与科学家的行为不相关，不符合语境。 C. housework：“housework” 表示 “家务”，和科学家寻找疾病治疗方法的工作毫无联系，不符合语境。 D. research：“research” 意为 “研究”，科学家为找到疾病的治疗方法进行的活动就是研究，符合语境。
2.The scientists spent years doing ______ on the effects of pollution on plants.
A. research B. search C. survey D. investigation
【答案】：A
【解析】：A 选项 “research” 侧重于通过深入研究、实验等方式获取新知识，常与 “do” 搭配，“do research on...” 表示 “对…… 进行研究”，符合科学家对污染对植物影响进行多年研究的语境。B 选项 “search” 主要指寻找具体的人或物，比如 “search for a lost key（寻找丢失的钥匙）”，与研究这一行为不符。C 选项 “survey” 通常是指通过问卷调查、访谈等方式收集数据，了解情况，如 “do a survey about people's hobbies（做一个关于人们爱好的调查）”，这里并非问卷调查的场景。D 选项 “investigation” 一般针对事件、问题进行调查，以查明真相，像 “the police's investigation into the crime（警方对犯罪的调查）”，也不符合科学研究的语境，所以选 A。
要点 7.
achieve 作动词，意为 “实现；取得；达到”，强调通过努力、技巧或毅力而达成目标、获得成功或取得成就。
例句：He worked hard and finally achieved his dream of becoming a doctor.
他努力学习，最终实现了成为一名医生的梦想。
achieve a goal 实现目标 achieve success 取得成功
achieve progress 取得进展 achieve a balance 实现平衡
Achievement 作名词，意为 “成就；成绩；功绩”
例句：His scientific achievements have won him international fame. 他的科学成就为他赢得了国际声誉。
【典例分析】
1. If we Chinese work hard together, China Dream will ________.
A. come out B. come true C. achieve D. come on
【答案】B 句意：如果我们中国人一起努力，中国梦就会实现。Come true实现，成为现实。主语一般指“计划”“梦想，希望”等。Achieve one’s dream 实现梦想。主语一般指人。故答案选B
2.恐怕他的愿望很难实现。
I’m afraid his wish won’t __________ __________easily.
I’m afraid he won’t ___________ __________ _________easily.
【答案】come true achieve his dream
3. Even a small success can give you a sense of ______________ (achieve) .
【答案】achievement
4.钱学森取得了许多成就，在他的专业领域倍受尊敬。
Qian______ _____ _____ ______and he was a __________ person in his field.
【答案】achieved lots of success well-respected
5.After years of hard work, he finally ______ his goal of becoming a doctor.
A. achieved B. reached C. got D. arrived
【答案】：A
【解析】：A 选项 “achieved” 强调通过努力、克服困难后达成目标，“achieve one's goal” 是常见搭配，符合他多年努力成为医生这一语境。B 选项 “reached” 侧重于到达某个地点或达到某一水平、程度，比如 “reach the top of the mountain（到达山顶）”“reach a high level（达到高水平）”，与 “goal” 搭配时，不如 “achieve” 贴切。C 选项 “got” 有 “得到” 之意，语义上与 “实现目标” 有偏差。D 选项 “arrived” 通常表示到达某地，是不及物动词，常与 “at”（小地点）或 “in”（大地点）搭配，如 “arrive at the station（到达车站）”，不能与 “goal” 搭配，所以选 A。
要点 8. well-respected
well-respected adj. 受尊敬的
well-respected teacher 受尊敬的老师
well-respected scientist 受尊敬的科学家
well-respected job 受尊敬的工作
respect 作名词：表示 “尊敬；尊重”，常用于 “show respect for”（对…… 表示尊重），“have respect for”（尊重……）等短语中。也可表示 “方面”，常用短语 “in this/that respect”（在这 / 那方面）。
作动词：意为 “尊重；尊敬”
We should show respect for the elderly. 我们应该尊重老年人。
The plan is good in some respects. 这个计划在某些方面是好的。
You should respect your parents' wishes. 你应该尊重你父母的意愿。
Respectful 作形容词，意为 “恭敬的；有礼貌的；尊重他人的”，常用来形容人或人的行为表现。
例句：The students are always respectful to their teachers.
学生们对老师总是很恭敬。
Respected 作形容词，意为 “受尊敬的；受敬重的”，通常用于描述人因具有某种优秀品质或成就而受到他人的尊敬。
例句：He is a respected scientist in the field of chemistry.
他是化学领域一位受尊敬的科学家。
【典例分析】
1.We should always ______ the opinions of others, even if we don't agree with them.
A. respect B. admire C. praise D. envy
【答案】：A
【解析】：A 选项 “respect” 有 “尊重” 之意，“respect the opinions of others” 表示尊重他人的意见，符合即便不同意他人观点也应尊重这一语境。B 选项 “admire” 侧重于因某人的品质、成就等而钦佩、赞赏，与 “opinions（意见）” 搭配不合适。C 选项 “praise” 意为 “表扬，赞扬”，程度较深，通常针对具体的行为或成果，不用于单纯对意见的态度。D 选项 “envy” 是 “嫉妒” 的意思，与句子表达的尊重他人意见的含义相悖。所以答案选 A。
2.The ______ scientist gave an inspiring speech at our school.
A. respect B. respected C. respecting D. respectful
【答案】：B
【解析】：B 选项 “respected” 是形容词化的过去分词，意为 “受尊敬的”，修饰名词 “scientist”，表示这位科学家是受尊敬的，符合语境。A 选项 “respect” 是动词原形，不能直接修饰名词。C 选项 “respecting” 是现在分词，通常表示主动或正在进行的动作，不能表示 “受尊敬的” 意思来修饰 “scientist”。D 选项 “respectful” 礼貌的，恭敬的，所以答案选 B。
3.We should ______ our parents and always be kind to them.
A. honour B. respect C. admire D. look up to
【答案】：B
【解析】：B 选项 “respect” 意为 “尊敬”，强调对他人的敬重和重视，“respect our parents”（尊敬我们的父母）是常见表达，符合句子 “我们应该尊敬父母并始终对他们友善” 的语境。A 选项 “honour” 作 “尊敬” 讲时，更侧重于因某人的成就、地位等而给予敬重，在日常表达尊敬父母时，“respect” 更常用。C 选项 “admire” 侧重于因某人的优秀品质、成就等而钦佩、赞赏，如 “admire his courage（钦佩他的勇气）”，与尊敬父母的语境不太相符。D 选项 “look up to” 意为 “敬仰，钦佩”，程度比 “respect” 更深，一般用于对有卓越成就或高尚品德的人的敬重，用于父母不太恰当，所以选 B。
要点 9. found
found v. 创立；建立
foundation n. 建立；设立；创办
founder n. 建立者；创始人
found a company 创立公司
found a school 建立学校
He founded the company in 1995.他于1995年创立了这家公司
She founded a charity to help children. 她创立了一个慈善机构来帮助儿童
注意：作为 “find” 的过去式和过去分词found. 表示 “找到；发现；发觉” 等。
I found my lost keys under the sofa.我在沙发下找到了我丢失的钥匙。
【典例分析】
1. Our club was ____ by a group of students who shared the same hobby.
A. found B. founded C. discovered D. started
【答案】B
【解析】 A. found：同第一题，这里 “found”（发现）不符合俱乐部被创建的语境，所以该选项错误。
B. founded：“founded” 用于表示俱乐部这类组织的成立，“be founded by...” 表示 “由…… 创立”，符合句子意思，该选项正确。 C. discovered：“discovered” 意为 “发现”，发现的对象通常是原本就存在只是未被知晓的事物，与创建俱乐部的行为完全不同，该选项错误。
D. started：“started” 有 “开始；创办” 的意思，在表示 “创办” 时，和 “set up” 类似，较为口语化，在正式表达组织成立时，“founded” 更为合适，所以该选项不是最优选择。
2.I ______ my lost keys under the sofa yesterday.
A. found B. founded C. looked for D. searched
【答案】：A
【解析】：A 选项 “found” 是 “find” 的过去式，意为 “发现”，“found my lost keys” 即发现了丢失的钥匙，符合句子 “昨天我在沙发下发现了我丢失的钥匙” 的语境。B 选项 “founded” 表示 “创立，创办”，与发现钥匙毫无关系。C 选项 “looked for” 强调寻找的动作过程，意思是 “寻找”，而本句强调已经找到了这个结果。D 选项 “searched” 也表示 “搜查，寻找”，同样侧重于寻找的动作，并非找到的结果，所以选 A。
要点10. eager
eager adj. 热切的；渴望的
eagerly adv. 渴望地；急切地
eagerness n. 渴望；热心；热切
eager for 渴望；迫切要
be eager to do something 渴望做某事
He is eager to learn new things.他渴望学习新事物
The students are eager to start the project. 学生们热切希望开始这个项目
【典例分析】
1. The children ____ open their birthday presents.
A. are eager to B. are afraid to C. are ready to D. are willing to
【答案】A
【解析】 A. are eager to：意思是 “渴望做……”，孩子们通常对打开生日礼物充满期待，用在此处符合语境。 B. are afraid to：表示 “害怕做……”，与孩子们期待打开礼物的心情相悖，不符合语境。
C. are ready to：意为 “准备好做……”，强调做好了行动的准备，而不是内心的渴望，与语境不符。
D. are willing to：“愿意做……”，更侧重于表达主观意愿，没有 “渴望” 那种强烈的情感，在此语境中不如 “are eager to” 贴切。
2.The students are ______ to learn about the history of the ancient city.
A. eager B. anxious C. worried D. nervous
【答案】：A
【解析】：A 选项 “eager” 意为 “渴望的，热切的”，常与 “to do sth.” 搭配，表示对做某事充满热情和期待，“be eager to learn” 符合学生渴望了解古城历史这一积极的语境。B 选项 “anxious” 虽也有 “渴望的” 之意，但更多带有焦虑、担忧的情绪，如 “I'm anxious about the exam results.（我为考试结果感到焦虑。）”，在此处不合适。C 选项 “worried” 意为 “担心的”，与渴望学习的语境不符。D 选项 “nervous” 表示 “紧张的”，语义与句子表达的渴望学习的意思相差甚远，所以答案选 A。
要点 11.
作动词
表示举起、抬起：例如：He raised his hand to ask a question. 他举手提问。
表示提高、提升：可用于提高价格、水平、声音等抽象或具体的事物。例如：The company plans to raise the salary of its employees. 公司计划提高员工的工资。
表示饲养、养育：用于抚养孩子或饲养动物。例如：
They raise chickens on their farm. 他们在农场养鸡。
表示筹集、募集：常与资金、捐款等搭配。例如：
We are raising money for the poor children. 我们正在为贫困儿童筹款。
表示引发、引起：常指引发讨论、问题、兴趣等。例如：
His speech raised many questions in people's minds.他的演讲在人们心中引发了许多问题
raise money 筹款
raise a family 养家
raise up 举起；抬起
辨析：raise, rise(rise--rose--risen)的区别
(1) 这两个词都有“提高，上升，增加”的意思，但其用法不同。
raise是及物动词，其主语通常是人；而rise是不及物动词，其主语通常是物。例如：
The sun rises and bathes the earth. 太阳升起，普照大地。
(2) raise和rise用于同一事物时含义不同。例如：
The price of TV sets has been raised recently. 最近电视机提价了。（政府或厂家主动行动）
The price of TV sets has risen recently. 最近电视机提价了。（市场调节）
【典例分析】
1. 用raise, rise的正确形式完成下列句子。
（1）He __________ and walked to the window.
（2）He ______ his hat to me as a sign of respect.
（3）The people’s living standard has greatly been ______.
（4）Her temperature is still ______.
【答案】（1）rose (2)raised (3)raised （4）rising
2根据汉语意思完成句子
（1）月亮已经从山上升起。
The moon ________ ________ above the hills.
（2）老板答应要给她加薪水。
The boss promised ________ _________her salary.
【答案】（1）has risen （2）to raise
3.As the curtain________， the famous singer came out. The fans________ and screamed with excitement.
A．was raised; rose B．had been raised; were raised
C．rose; were raised D．had risen; raised
【答案】A 句意：幕布拉开时，那位著名歌手走了出来。球迷们兴奋地站起来尖叫。 raise是及物动词，意为“举起,抬起”：第一空要用被动语态。幕布被升起。只有及物动词才有被动语态。第二空没有宾语。故用rise。答案选A。
4.Many people complain that some of KFCs in China ________ the price of a hamburger by one yuan.
A．rose B．raised C．dropped D．controlled
【答案】B 抬高价格。Raise the price。Raise 后面接宾语。
5. They the glasses between two peoples last year.
A. rise B. raise C. rose D. raised
【答案】D 句意：去年他们在两个民族之间挑起了隔阂。Raise 及物动词，后面接宾语。
6.-How did your class raise money for the poor old man in hospital
-We organized a book fair on the playground and sold some books and CDs .(同义句替换)
A. collect B. put up C. spend
【答案】raise “筹集，征集”raise money 募捐。
7. 太阳从东边升起，从西边落下。
【答案】The sun rises in the East and sets in the West. Rise 不及物动词。
要点 12.
devote yourself to 献身； 致力
The doctor devoted himself to helping poor children.
这位医生致力于帮助贫困儿童
She has devoted herself to protecting wild animals for 10 years.
她投身野生动物保护已经10年了
We should devote ourselves to making our city cleaner.
我们应该致力于让城市更干净
【典例分析】
1.他一生都致力于杂交水稻的研究。
He ______ _______ ________the research of hybrid rice all his life.
【答案】devoted himself to
要点 13. honour
作名词
1. 荣誉；光荣
用于描述因成就、行为等获得的尊重和赞誉，常出现在 “bring honour to”给…… 带来荣誉、“do sb. the honour”给某人以荣幸.等短语中。
例句：Winning the championship brought great honour to our school.
赢得冠军给我们学校带来了巨大的荣誉。
May I have the honour of dancing with you 我能有幸和你跳支舞吗？
2. 尊敬；敬意
常见搭配有 “show honour to”向…… 表示敬意。
例句：We should show honour to our elders.我们应该尊敬长辈。
3. 荣幸的事
用于表达做某事是一种难得的机会和荣幸。
例句：It's an honour to be invited to the party.
受邀参加这个派对是件很荣幸的事。
作动词
1. 尊敬；敬重
强调以尊重和敬仰的态度对待某人。
例句：We should honour our national heroes.
我们应该敬重我们的民族英雄。
2. 使增光；给…… 以荣誉
指某人或某事因为某个行为而增添光彩。
例句：The school is honoured to have such excellent students.
有这样优秀的学生，学校深感荣幸。
【典例分析】
1.The school will ______ the best students at the end - of - year ceremony.
A. honour B. praise C. reward D. award
【答案】：A
【解析】：A 选项 “honour” 作动词时，有 “给予荣誉，表彰” 的意思，学校在年终典礼上表彰优秀学生，符合语境。B 选项 “praise” 侧重于口头表扬，“praise sb. for sth.”（因某事表扬某人），更强调用言语夸赞，而此处强调给予荣誉，“honour” 更合适。C 选项 “reward” 强调对付出努力、做出贡献等给予回报，通常与 “for” 搭配，如 “reward sb. for their hard work（因某人的努力工作给予回报）”，与单纯的表彰优秀学生不太一致。D 选项 “award” 一般指官方或权威机构根据一定标准授予奖品、奖项等，“award sb. sth.”（授予某人某物），此处用 “honour” 更能体现对学生荣誉上的肯定，所以选 A。
2.It's a great ______ for me to be invited to speak here.
A. honour B. pride C. pleasure D. joy
【答案】：A
【解析】：A 选项 “honour” 作名词时，意为 “荣幸”，“It's a great honour for sb. to do sth.” 是常用句型，表示 “对某人来说做某事是极大的荣幸”，符合被邀请在此发言的语境。B 选项 “pride” 意为 “自豪”，强调一种自身产生的骄傲感，如 “He takes pride in his work.（他为自己的工作感到自豪。）”，与 “被邀请发言是荣幸” 的语境不太契合。C 选项 “pleasure” 意为 “愉快，快乐”，更侧重于一种愉悦的感受，“It's a pleasure to do sth.” 通常用于回应别人的感谢，如 “It's a pleasure to help you.（帮助你是我的荣幸 / 很高兴能帮到你。）”，在此处不合适。D 选项 “joy” 意为 “喜悦，欢乐”，同样强调一种高兴的情绪，与 “荣幸” 的含义不同，所以选 A。
3.The school gave him an award in ____ of his excellent academic performance.
A. need B. praise C. memory D. honour
【答案】D
【解析】 A. need：“in need of” 意为 “需要……”，与学校因学生优秀表现颁奖这一语境毫无关联。
B. praise：“praise” 作名词时意为 “赞扬”，常见搭配为 “in praise of”，但该短语强调赞扬的内容，而此句强调的是颁奖这一行为是对他的敬意，所以该选项不太合适。 C. memory：“in memory of” 表示 “为了纪念……”，一般用于纪念逝去的人或事，与奖励优秀学生的语境不相符，该选项错误。
D. honour：“in honour of” 为固定短语，意为 “为了向…… 表示敬意；为纪念……” 。在此句中，学校因为他出色的学业表现给他颁奖，是为了表示对他的敬意，符合语境，该选项正确。
要点 14. contribution
contribution n. 贡献；捐款
contribute v. 捐献；捐助
contributive adj. 有贡献的
make a contribution to doing 做出贡献
contribution to 对……的贡献
financial contribution 财政捐款
with a contribution from sth有某物的贡献
make a contribution to 做出贡献
这里的 “to” 是介词，后面可接人、组织、事业、领域等。
Many scientists have made great contributions to the development of the country.
许多科学家为国家的发展做出了巨大贡献。
He made a generous contribution to the charity.
他向慈善机构进行了慷慨的捐赠。
Volunteers made important contributions to the community project.志愿者们为社区项目做出了重要贡献。
【典例分析】
1.Thomas Edison made great ____ to the development of electricity.
A. progresses B. inventions C. contributions D. discoveries
【答案】C
【解析】A. progresses：“progress” 是不可数名词，没有 “progresses” 这种复数形式，所以 C 选项本身语法错误。 B. inventions：“inventions” 意为 “发明”。虽然爱迪生有很多发明，但这里强调的是对电力发展这一过程的贡献，并非单纯说发明，所以该选项不太契合。 C. contributions：“contributions” 是 “contribution” 的复数形式，意为 “贡献”。爱迪生在电力发展方面做出诸多贡献，“make contributions to...” 表示 “对…… 做出贡献”，符合语境。 D. discoveries：“discoveries” 意为 “发现”。与爱迪生在电力发展中所做的贡献这一语境不匹配，不符合题意。
2. Students can ____ our school by taking part in volunteer activities.
A. pay attention to B. make a difference to C. make contributions to D. look forward to
【答案】C
【解析】 A. pay attention to：意思是 “注意……”，与学生为学校做贡献的行为毫无关联，不符合语境。
C. make contributions to：意为 “为…… 做贡献”，学生通过参加志愿活动为学校做贡献，语义通顺。
B. make a difference to：表示 “对…… 产生影响”，强调改变，与参加志愿活动为学校做贡献的侧重点不同，不符合语境。 D. look forward to：指 “期待……”，通常接名词或动名词，表达对未来事情的期待，与句子所表达的内容不相符。
3.他为解决全球饥饿问题做出了一些贡献。
He ______ ______ _____ ____ _______ the problem of global hunger.
【答案】made some contributions to solving
要点 15. inspire
inspire（动词）
表示 “鼓舞；激励；赋予灵感；激发（想法等）”。常见搭配有 “inspire sb. to do sth.”（激励某人做某事），“be inspired by”（被…… 鼓舞 / 启发）。
例句：The teacher inspired her students to pursue their dreams.老师激励她的学生去追求他们的梦想。
He was inspired by the beautiful scenery and wrote a poem.他被美丽的景色所启发，写了一首诗。
inspiration（名词）意为 “灵感；鼓舞人心的人（或事物）”。
例句：The artist gets his inspiration from nature.这位艺术家从大自然中获得灵感。
She is an inspiration to us all.她是鼓舞我们大家的人。
inspiring（形容词）
表示 “鼓舞人心的；激励的；启发灵感的”，用来形容事物具有激励或启发他人的性质。
例句：We watched an inspiring movie about a man's journey to success.
我们看了一部关于一个人走向成功历程的鼓舞人心的电影。
inspired（形容词）
意为 “受到鼓舞的；有灵感的”，通常用来形容人受到外界因素的影响而产生积极的变化或有了好的想法。
例句：The inspired writer created a wonderful novel.（这位受到启发的作家创作了一部精彩的小说。）；
He gave an inspired performance on the stage.（他在舞台上进行了一场富有灵感的表演。）
【典例分析】
1.The_________speech _________ the kids to study hard（inspire）
【答案】inspiring inspired
2.I am _________ by my teacher's_________words every day. （inspire）
【答案】inspired inspiring
3.The success story of the young entrepreneur ______ many students to start their own businesses.
A. inspired B. persuaded C. advised D. suggested
【答案】：A
【解析】：A 选项 “inspired” 表示激励、鼓舞，强调激发他人内在的动力去行动，年轻企业家的成功故事激励学生创业，符合语境。B 选项 “persuaded” 侧重于通过劝说使某人相信并去做某事，有 “说服” 的意思，而此处并非单纯劝说，而是激发内心动力，所以 B 选项不合适。C 选项 “advised” 意为 “建议”，通常用于给他人提供意见，“advise sb. to do sth.”，与故事对学生的激励作用不符。D 选项 “suggested” 也有 “建议” 之意，常见用法为 “suggest doing sth.” 或 “suggest that...”（从句用虚拟语气），不能用于 “suggest sb. to do sth.” 结构，故答案为 A。
4.The famous scientist's lecture was so _____ that it ____ the audience to think deeply about the future of science.
A. inspiring; inspired B. inspired; inspiring C. inspiring; inspiring D. inspired; inspired
【答案】：A
【解析】：第一个空需要一个形容词来描述讲座的特点，“inspiring” 表示 “鼓舞人心的，激发灵感的”，用来修饰事物，所以 “inspiring” 符合描述讲座的语境；第二个空是句子的谓语动词，“inspire sb. to do sth.” 表示 “激励某人做某事”，这里表示讲座激励了观众去深入思考科学的未来，应用动词 “inspired”，所以答案选 A。B 选项第一个空 “inspired” 一般用来形容人 “受到鼓舞的”，不能修饰讲座；C 选项第二个空 “inspiring” 不能作谓语；D 选项第一个空用法错误，故 B、C、D 均不正确。
要点 16. praise
作名词
意为 “赞扬；称赞；表扬”
为不可数名词时，常与 “give” “receive” “win” 等动词搭配，构成 “give praise”给予赞扬、“receive/win praise”受到 / 赢得赞扬.等短语；作可数名词时，常用复数形式 “praises”，表示 “赞词；表扬的话”例句：
The teacher gave praise to the students who had done well in the exam.
老师表扬了在考试中表现出色的学生。
His hard work and dedication won him the praise of his colleagues.
他的努力工作和奉献精神赢得了同事们的赞扬。
She sang the praises of the new restaurant to her friends.
她向朋友们盛赞那家新餐厅。
作动词
意为 “赞扬；称赞；表扬”
用法：常用结构为 “praise sb. for sth.”，表示 “因某事赞扬某人”。
例句：
The parents praised their daughter for her good grades.
父母因女儿的好成绩而表扬了她。
The coach praised the team for their excellent performance in the game.教练赞扬了球队在比赛中的出色表现。
【典例分析】
1. The teacher gave him high ____ for his excellent composition.
A. pride B. prize C. price D. praise
【答案】D
【解析】A. pride：“pride” 意为 “自豪，骄傲”，常用结构是 “take pride in...”（以…… 为傲），此处不能用 “give sb. high pride” 这种表达。 B. prize：“prize” 指 “奖品，奖赏”，通常与赢得、获得搭配。
C. price：“price” 是 “价格”，与老师对学生作文的评价毫无关系。 D. praise：“praise” 意为 “赞扬”，“give sb. high praise” 表示 “高度赞扬某人”，老师因为他出色的作文给予高度赞扬，符合语境。
2. The boss ______ the employee for his hard work.
A. praised B. punished C. pushed D. protected
【答案】：A
【解析】：A 选项 “praised” 是 “praise” 的过去式，作动词时表示 “表扬；赞扬”，“老板因为员工努力工作而表扬他”，符合语义。B 选项 “punished” 意为 “惩罚”，与 “员工努力工作” 的情境相悖，所以该选项错误。C 选项 “pushed” 意为 “推；推动”，“push sb. for sth.” 通常表示 “因为某事催促某人”，与此处语境不符，因此该选项不正确。D 选项 “protected” 意为 “保护”，和 “表扬员工努力工作” 没有关联，所以该选项也不合适。
要点 17.
stop doing表示“停止正在做的事情”；
stop to do表示“停下来开始做”的意思。例如：
Now let’s stop reading. 现在咱们停止读书。
Our teacher stopped to look at the boy. 老师停下来看了看那个男孩。
stop ……from doing ……表示“阻止某人做某事或者阻止某事发生”。
The trees and grasses can stop the wind from blowing the earth away.
树和草可以阻止风把土吹走。
【典例分析】
1.那场大雪使他未能来我们的聚会。
The heavy snow _____________ __________ __________ __________ to our party.
【答案】stopped him from going
2.The heavy rain stopped them _______ home on time.
A. return B. returning C. returned D. to return
【答案】本题考查固定短语的用法。stop sb. (from) doing sth. 意为“阻止某人做某事”，故选B。
3. You look tired, you must________.
A. stops to work B. stopped working C. stop to work D. stop working
【答案】D你看起来很累，所以你必须停止工作。故答案选D。stop doing sth.表示“停止做某事”
4. In the end, we felt tired, so we stopped ______ a rest.
A. having B. to have C. had D. have
【答案】B 最后，我们感到累，我们停下来休息。故答案选B。stop to do 表示“停下来开始做某事”
5.请停止说话，咱们开始上课。
Please _________ _____________. Let’s start the lesson.
【答案】stop speaking。stop doing sth.表示“停止做某事”
6大雨使我们踢不了球。
The heavy rain ___________ us ___________ ___________ football.
【答案】stopped from playing。stop …from 表示阻止。。。做某事。
7.我们必须阻止人们砍伐树林。
We must ___________people _____________ ____________ down trees.
【答案】stop from cutting。表示阻止。。。做某事。
要点 18. Certain
表示 “确定的；无疑的”用于 “be certain of/about sth.” 结构
某人对某事有把握、确定无疑。“of” 和 “about” 有时可互换，但 “about” 更强调关于某方面的具体内容。
I'm certain of his success.我确定他会成功。
She is certain about her decision. 她对自己的决定很确定。
用于 “be certain + that 从句” 结构
表明某人对从句所陈述的事情确信无疑。
I'm certain that they will win the game.（我确定他们会赢得这场比赛。）
表示 “某个；特定的” “一些；某些”
at certain times 在某些时候
当 certain表示这个含义时，置于名词前，用于提及不明确指出的人或事物。
He has a certain reason for his strange behavior.
他的奇怪行为有某个特定的原因。
Certain students in the class are very hard - working.班上有些学生非常勤奋。
Certain countries have different cultures and traditions.
某些国家有不同的文化和传统。
固定短语
for certain“肯定地；确凿地”，一般置于句尾，用于强调信息的确定性。
We don't know for certain if it will rain tomorrow.
我们不能肯定明天是否会下雨。
【典例分析】
1. There are ______ rules in our school that we must follow.
A. some B. certain C. many D. few
【答案】B
【解析】some 表示 “一些”；certain 有 “特定的” 之意；many 表示 “许多”；few 表示 “很少”。
2.It's ______ that the weather will get better tomorrow.
A. certain B. probable C. possible D. likely
【答案】：A
【解析】：A 选项 “certain” 表示 “肯定的，确定的”，“It's certain that...” 表示 “…… 是肯定的”，语气较为强烈，说明对天气明天会变好这件事有十足的把握。B 选项 “probable” 意为 “很可能的”，表示可能性较大，但不如 “certain” 肯定。C 选项 “possible” 意为 “可能的”，可能性相对更低。D 选项 “likely” 也表示 “可能的”，常用于 “be likely to do” 结构。在这个句子中，“certain” 最能体现对天气变好的确定性，所以选 A。这里强调学校有特定的规则，用 certain，所以选 B。
要点 19.
put out 熄灭； 扑灭
put down 放下；写下
put off 推迟；延期
put on 穿上；上演；演出；增加（体重）
put up 举起；挂起；张贴
put away 把......放好；把......收拾起来
Firefighters put out the forest fire in three hours.
消防员三小时扑灭了森林大火
Remember to put out the campfire before leaving!
离开前记得熄灭营火
【典例分析】
1. The firefighters worked hard to ______ the big fire in the factory.
A. put out B. put on C. put up D. put away
【答案】A
【解析】put out 意为 “扑灭”，符合消防员扑灭工厂大火的语境。put on 有 “穿上；上演” 等意思；put up 表示 “张贴；搭建；举起”；put away 意为 “把…… 收起来”。B、C、D 选项均与灭火的意思不符，所以选 A。
2. —Jason, could you please ________ this picture on the wall
—With pleasure.
A. put on B. put off
C. put up D. put out
【答案】C句意：Jason，请把这幅画张贴在墙上好吗？——非常乐意。本题考查动词短语。A. put on 穿上； B. put off推迟，拖延；C. put up 张贴； D. put out熄灭；用；发表。根据句意选C。
3．用put构成的短语填空
1）We will _________ the new play next month.
2）The sports meet will be ____________because of the bad weather.
3）_________ the books ________ after reading.
4）__________the gentleman’s address.
5）It took the fire---fighters four hours to _________ the fire.
6）Many new high buildings have been __________ in our city.
【答案】1.put on 上演 2. put off 推迟 3.Put away 收拾，整理好 4.put down 记下 5. put out熄灭 6. put up 建造
4.消防车运载水和灭火设备来灭火。
A fire engine carries water and equipment for________ _______ fires.
【答案】 putting out
要点 20. tough
1. 坚韧的；牢固的
This kind of leather is tough and can last a long time.
这种皮革很坚韧，可以使用很长时间。
2. 坚强的；能吃苦耐劳的(用来形容人意志坚定，能够承受困难和压力
You need to be tough to survive in the mountains alone.
你要足够坚强才能独自在山里生存。
3. 艰难的；棘手的
He is facing some tough problems at work.他在工作中面临着一些棘手的问题。
4. 严厉的；强硬的(描述人或措施严格、不宽容
The school has tough rules to maintain discipline.
学校有严格的规定来维持纪律。
【典例分析】
17. You need to be ______ to succeed in this competitive world.
A. tough B. soft C. weak D. gentle
【答案】A
【解析】tough 有 “坚强的，坚韧不拔的” 意思；soft 表示 “柔软的，温和的”；weak 是 “虚弱的”；gentle 表示 “温柔的”。在竞争激烈的世界成功需要坚强，用 tough，故答案为 A。
要点 21.
otherwise adv. 否则；另外；不然
He is noisy, but otherwise a nice boy.他爱吵闹，但在其他方面倒是个好孩子
Don't be so careless, otherwise you'll regret it.别这么粗心大意，不然会后悔
与 “or”（否则）的区别
语义侧重
“otherwise”：更强调对比，暗示如果不按照前面所说的去做，就会出现后面相反的结果，有一种 “不然的话就会……” 的意思，语气相对温和。
“or”（否则）：则更侧重于警告或提醒，语气相对较强，有一种 “如果不这样做，就会有不好的后果” 的紧迫感。
otherwise”：是一个比较正式的词，在句子中的位置比较灵活，可以放在句中，也可以放在句首或句末。
“or”：作为 “否则” 的意思时，通常用于连接两个并列的句子，且前面的句子通常是一个祈使句或含有情态动词的句子。
You'd better take an umbrella. Otherwise, you'll get wet in the rain.
你最好带把伞。不然的话，你会在雨中淋湿的。
Hurry up, or you'll miss the train.快点，否则你会错过火车的。
【典例分析】
1. We must hurry up, ______ we will miss the train.
A. so B. then C. otherwise D. thus
【答案】C
【解析】so 表示所以；then 表示然后；otherwise 表示否则；thus 表示因此。根据语境 “必须快点，否则会错过火车”，用 otherwise，所以选 C。
2.保持健康也很重要。否则，你可能会伤到自己。
It is also important___ ____ ___. _________, you might hurt yourself.
【答案】.to keep fit Otherwise 9.is rich in
要点 22.
be able to 表示能力：强调通过努力、学习而具备的能力，用于各种时态。
一般现在时：I am able to speak English fluently.我能够流利地说英语。
一般过去时：He was able to solve the problem by himself yesterday.
他昨天能够自己解决这个问题。
一般将来时：She will be able to drive a car after she gets her license.
她拿到驾照后将能够开车。
现在完成时：They have been able to finish the project ahead of time.
他们已经能够提前完成项目。
can只有一般现在时和一般过去时could两种形式，表达其他时态，需用 be able to。
【典例分析】
1. She ______ solve the math problem by herself because she has learned some useful methods.
A. is able to B. is going to C. ought to D. needs to
【答案】A
【解析】is able to 意为 “能够”。因为她学习了一些有用的方法，所以能够自己解决数学问题，符合逻辑。
is going to 表示 “打算”，强调的是计划或意图，而不是能力，与解决问题的能力无关。
ought to 表示 “应该”，侧重于责任和义务方面，并非强调她有解决问题的能力。
needs to 表示 “需要”，强调必要性，这里重点是她具备了解题能力，不是说她需要解题，所以选 A。
2.如果每天练习，你一定能流利说英语
If you practice every day, you ____ ____ __ ___speak English fluently.
.will be able to
要点 23.
survive v. 幸免于；幸存；生还
survival n. 幸存；生存
survive on 靠…活下来；靠…生存
survive from 从…存活下来/流传下来
作不及物动词
表示 “幸存下来” “继续生存或存在”
Only a few people survived in the plane crash.
在飞机失事中只有少数人幸存下来。
Some traditional customs have survived for thousands of years.
一些传统习俗已经延续了数千年。
作及物动词
表示经历…… 后继续存在
The company managed to survive the economic crisis.
这家公司设法在经济危机中挺了过来。
【典例分析】
1. With little food and water, it's hard for them to ______ for a long time.
A. exist B. survive C. remain D. last
【答案】B
【解析】exist 强调存在的状态；survive 强调在困境中维持生命；remain 表示留下、仍然是；last 表示持续。在食物和水很少的情况下，强调生存，用 survive，所以选 B。
要点 24.
proud 是形容词，意为 “自豪的；骄傲的；值得自豪的”
pride：名词，意为 “自豪；骄傲；自尊心”.
be proud of：表示 “为…… 感到自豪 / 骄傲” 。
She is proud of her son's excellent grades. 她为儿子的优异成绩感到骄傲。
be proud to do sth.： “做某事感到自豪”。
He is proud to be a part of the rescue team.他为能成为救援队的一员而自豪。
take pride in：与 be proud of意思相近，也表示 以…… 为傲，但 take pride in更强调动作，而 be proud of更强调状态。
The coach takes pride in his team's hard - working spirit.
教练为他团队的勤奋精神而自豪。
【典例分析】
1. My parents are very ______ of my good grades in the exam.
A. happy B. proud C. glad D. pleased
【答案】B
【解析】happy、glad、pleased 都有高兴的意思；be proud of 是固定短语，表示 “为…… 感到骄傲”，符合父母为孩子好成绩感到骄傲的语境，所以选 B。
2. Our parents ______ our success and always encourage us to do better.
A. are proud of B. are interested in C. are afraid of D. are tired of
【答案】A
【解析】are proud of 意思是 “为…… 感到骄傲”，根据 “always encourage us to do better（总是鼓励我们做得更好）” 可推测出父母会为我们的成功感到骄傲，符合语境。
are interested in 意为 “对…… 感兴趣”，强调的是兴趣方面，与 “success（成功）” 和鼓励做更好不匹配。are afraid of 表示 “害怕……”，与父母对孩子成功的态度不符。are tired of 是 “厌倦……” 的意思，也不符合此处父母对孩子成功的积极态度。所以选 A。
3.我们为国家在体育上的成就自豪
We _____ ______ ______our country's achievements in sports.
【答案】are proud of
要点 25.
die(v) 死亡 death(n) 死亡
die为不及物动词，意为“死”，其过去式为died，现在分词为dying。
More than three hundred people died in the air crash. 在这次飞机失事中有300多人死亡。
She is ill and I’m afraid she’s dying. 她病了，恐怕快要死了。
译：他的母亲去世5年了。
误：His mother died for five years.
正：His mother has been dead for five years.
dead形容词，意为“死的，失去生命的”，在句中可作定语或表语。
He was watching his dead cat when I came in.
当我进来时，他正在注视着他的死去的猫。
I’m afraid he is dead. 我恐怕他已经去世了。
拓展：
die of意为“因……而死”，一般指由于疾病、情感等内因引起的死亡。
Her grandfather died of cancer in 1992. 她的祖父于1992年死于癌症。
die from意为“因……而死”，一般指由于外伤、事故等外因引起的死亡。
The old man died from a car accident last year. 那位老人去年死于一场车祸。
【典例分析】
1. —Do you know that Mr. Zhang passed by last week
—Yes. He died ________ illness.
A. of B. from C. with D. as
【答案】A
【解析】die of意为“因……而死”，一般指由于疾病、情感等内因引起的死亡。
2. The lamb ________ for quite some time.
A. has died B. die C. has dead D. has been dead
【答案】D
【解析】die 是非延续性动词。不能与一段时间连用。故要用表示状态的词。答案选D
3. —When did the old man ________？
—In 2006. He ________ for nearly ten years.
A. die; died B. die; has been dead C. dead; has died D. dead; died
【答案】B 应用现在完成时且动词用延续性动词
4.那个婴儿死于发烧。
The baby _______ __________f a fever.
【答案】died of
5.那个老人死于一起交通事故。
The old man ________ _________ a traffic accident.
【答案】died from
要点 26. admire
admire 是动词，意为 “钦佩；赞赏；羡慕；欣赏”。
admiration名词，钦佩；赞赏、
admirable形容词，令人钦佩的；值得赞赏的
I really admire her courage.我真的很钦佩她的勇气。
We admired the beautiful scenery.我们欣赏了美丽的风景。
I admire him for his intelligence.我因他的智慧而钦佩他。
She expressed her admiration for his work.她表达了对他工作的钦佩。
Her dedication is admirable.她的奉献精神令人钦佩。
【典例分析】
1.She expressed her _________ for his work.（admire）
【答案】admiration
2. He did an admirable job. （admire）
【答案】admirable
3. We all admire her ______ her kindness and always ready to help others.
A. of B. for C. with D. at
【答案】：B 。
【解析】：admire sb. for sth. 表示 “因某事而钦佩某人” ，这里是因她的善良和乐于助人而钦佩她，所以用 for。
4. I really ______ your courage to speak in public. It's not easy for most people.
A. envy B. praise C. admire D. appreciate
【答案】：C
【解析】：“envy” 侧重于 “嫉妒”；“praise” 强调 “赞扬”，一般搭配 “赞扬某人的行为” 等；“appreciate” 多表示 “感激；欣赏（艺术作品等）”；“admire” 有 “钦佩” 之意，在这里表示对对方在公众场合发言勇气的钦佩，所以选 C。
感叹句
感叹句一般是用来表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感。英语中的感叹句常用 “what”和 “how”引导。
1. 由 “what”引导的感叹句： what意为 “多么”, 用作定语，修饰名词。单数可数名词前要加不定冠词a/an,
（1） What+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+主语+谓语！
（2）What+形容词+复数可数名词/不可数名词+主语+谓语！
2. 由 “how”引导的感叹句： how意为 “多么”，用作状语，修饰形容词或副词。
(1） How+形容词+主语+谓语！
(2） How+副词+主语+谓语！
祈使句
祈使句表示请求、命令、建议、劝告和号召等含义，其肯定形式是以动词原形开头，否定形式是在动词原形之前加 don’t。
2.祈使句基本结构
肯定句式有三种形式：
(1) Do型（以动词原形开头） Sit down! Stand up!
（2）Be型（Be+表语，如名词、形容词）Be quiet! Be quick!
（3）Let型（Let+人称代词宾格+动词原形+其他成分） Let me help you.
注意：为了祈使句的句式委婉、客气，常加上please一词，构成句式Please...或...，please.
Come here please. Please look after your little sister.
3.祈使句的否定结构是在动词原形前加don't
Please don't go there. Don't be late. Don't let him in.
【典例分析】
用how或what填空或用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. Jack won the first prize in the English competition. __________ excellent he is!
2. __________ an exciting match it is! Wonderful players and wonderful teams!
3. —So many people like to watch The Voice of China.
—__________ wonderful it is! I like it very much.
4. __________ bad the weather is!
5.__________ bad weather it is!
6. _____________ (stand) too close to North Americans. Give them more personal space.
7. —Is there a No.2 bus stop near here
—Yes, there is. __________ (turn) left at the second crossing, and you will find it.
8. —__________(be) quiet . The baby is sleeping. —I’m sorry.
【答案】1. How 2.what 3. How 4. How 5. What 6. Don’t stand 7. Turn 8. Be
二、完成句子
1.他们多么开心啊！
_________ ___________ they are!
2. 他跑得多快啊！没有人赶得上他。
____________ ___________ he runs! No one can catch up with him.
3. 天气真糟糕呀！又要开始下雨了。
___________ ___________ the weather is! It is going to rain again.
___________ ___________ weather it is ! It is going to rain again.
4. 你父亲可真忙呀！别打扰他。
____________ ___________ your father is! Don’t disturb him.
5. 别傻了。
__________ ___________silly.
6. 别忘了给这些花浇水。
________ _________ to water the flowers.
7. 让我们坐火车去那里吧
_______ ________ a train to get there.
【答案】1. How happy 2. How fast/quickly 3. How bad / What bad 4. How busy 5. Don’t be
6. Don’t forget 7. Let’s take
【话题分析】
我最敬佩的人
本单元谈论我最敬佩的人，从课文中我们分别学习我们时代的榜样钱学森，张桂梅，袁隆平的文章，这些文章为我们提供写作语言。写作时我们要学会将这些目标语言进行合适运用——同时要求我们通过本课学习掌握这类文章的写作的基本特点和架构。写作前学会列提纲。
一、在写作过程中要明确以下几点：
1.开门见山，谁是你最敬佩的人。简单介绍人物的职业，身份。
2. 他（她）取得的成就。
3. 敬佩的原因。
4. 他（她）对你的影响。（向他（她）学习的地方）。
开头（Introduction）
引出主题，点明自己最钦佩的人是谁。
There are many great people in the world, but the one I admire most is [人物名字].
中间（Body）
详细介绍这个人的基本信息，如职业、身份等。
讲述这个人的主要事迹或成就，突出为什么你钦佩他 / 她。每个事迹可以单独成一段。
在描述事迹时，要提及他 / 她所展现出的优秀品质，如勇敢（brave）、善良（kind - hearted）、勤奋（hard - working）、有责任心（responsible）等。
示例：[人物名字] is a [职业]. He / She has done many amazing things. One of the most impressive things is that [具体事迹 1]. Through this, we can see his/her [优秀品质 1]. Another thing is [具体事迹 2], which shows his/her [优秀品质 2].
结尾（Conclusion）
总结全文，再次强调你对这个人的钦佩之情。
可以谈谈这个人对你的影响，以及你从他 / 她身上学到了什么。
示例：I admire [人物名字] very much. His / Her stories have inspired me to be a [你想成为的人 / 具备的品质]. I hope I can be like him/her in the future.
【短语积累】
一、短语积累
1.模范，榜样 ___________________ 2.为……做贡献___________________
3.在……的发展中___________________ 4.去深造___________________
5.花时间/金钱做某事___________________ 6.在某人的领域___________________
7.渴望做某事___________________ 8.不知疲倦地工作___________________
9.起关键作用___________________ 10.致力于……___________________
11.生活简朴___________________ 12.不计名利___________________
13.突出___________________ 14.阻止……做某事___________________
15.在某些时候___________________ 16.清除___________________
17.扑灭___________________ 18.感到自豪___________________
19.获得成功___________________ 20.能够做某事___________________
【答案】1. role models 2. make contributions to sth./doing 3. in the development of
4. go to further one’s education 5. spend time/money doing sth. 6. in one’s field 7. be eager to do sth.
8. work tirelessly 9. play a key role in... 10. devote oneself to 11. live a simple life
12. not interested in fame or money 13. stand out 14. stop...from doing sth. 15. at certain times 16. clear away
17. put out 18. be proud of 19. achieve success 20.be able to do sth.
【句式积累】
1.我最钦佩的人是袁隆平，他被称为“杂交水稻之父”。
The person I admire most is Yuan Lonping，he is called “Father of Hybrid Rice”.
2.钱学森是中国航天科技发展的先驱。
Qian Xuesen was a pioneer in the development of China's aerospace science and technology.
3.他在美国的大学里做了多年的教学和研究工作。
He spent many years teaching and doing research at universities in the USA.
4.钱学森取得了许多成就，在他的专业领域倍受尊敬。
Qian achieved lots of success and he was a well-respected person in his field.
5.他渴望将自己的知识和技能带 回祖国，并开始计划回国。
He was eager to bring his knowledge and skills to his homeland and began planning his return.
6.他最伟大的成就之一是培育出高产杂交水稻(high-yield hybrid rice)。
One of his greatest achievements was developing high-yield hybrid rice.
7.她投身野生动物保护已经10年了
She has devoted herself to protecting wild animals for 10 years.
8.他为解决全球饥饿(global hunger)问题做出了一些贡献。
He made some contributions to solving the problem of global hunger.
9.他在研制中国第一枚火箭方面发挥了关键作用
He played a key role in developing China's first rocket.
10.钱过着简朴的生活，对名利不感兴趣
Qian lived a simple life and was not interested in fame or money.
【实战演练】
假如你是李华，你校英语社团公众号正在进行关于“我敬仰的科学家”系列推送活动。请你用英语给公众号留言，介绍你敬仰的科学家，包括他/ 她是谁、他/她的成就及你敬佩他/她的原因。
参考词汇: devote…to， make a great contribution to, look up on, selfless dedication spirit(无私奉献的精神), be eager to , played a key role in
要求: 词数不少于80。
Dear English club official account,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Li Hua
Dear English club official account,
I'm Li Hua, and I really want to talk about the scientist I admire - Tu Youyou. She is a great Chinese scientist who has made a huge difference in the medical field.
Tu Youyou devoted herself to researching traditional Chinese medicine for many years. She discovered artemisinin, which played a key role in treating malaria. Her discovery saved millions of lives around the world. She made a great contribution to global health.
I look up to her because of her selfless dedication spirit. She was always eager to find a way to help people suffering from diseases. Despite many difficulties, she never gave up. Her story encourages me to work hard and never stop chasing my dreams.
I hope more people can know about her and be inspired by her.
Li Hua
篇二
I'm Li Hua, and the scientist I look up to is Thomas Edison. He is one of the most famous inventors in history. Edison made numerous inventions. The light bulb is his most well - known one. Before the light bulb, people
used candles or oil lamps, which were not very convenient. His invention of the light bulb changed the world. It brought light to people's lives and played a key role in the development of modern society. He also made contributions to the phonograph and many other important inventions.
I admire Edison because of his creative mind and his never - give - up attitude. He tried thousands of times to find the right material for the light bulb filament. His selfless dedication to invention inspired generations of people. He was always eager to try new ideas and solve problems. Whenever I face difficulties in my studies, I think of his story and get the courage to keep going.
Thomas Edison is truly a great scientist, and his spirit will always encourage me to explore and innovate.
Li Hua
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页）
