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教学课件
北师大英语七年级上册
Unit4语法专项—— 情态动词can和冠词(a/an/the)
全解精讲+分层练习
学习目标
1. 熟练掌握情态动词can的核心用法,能运用其表达能力和许可,完成句式转换。
2. 牢记不定冠词a/an、定冠词the的用法,能准确区分泛指与特指。
3. 掌握a与an的使用区别,规避冠词误用、漏用的常见错误。
4. 能完成填空、选择、句型转换等多样题型,提升语法综合应用能力。
语法一:情态动词can - 核心定义
can是情态动词,核心功能有两个:表达“能力”和“许可”。
关键特征:无人称和数的变化,无论主语是单数还是复数,都用can。
基本要求:can后必须接动词原形,不能接动词的其他形式(如-ing、-ed)。
例:I can swim.(能力:我会游泳);You can go now.(许可:你现在可以走了)拓展:can的语气委婉,常用于日常请求、询问能力。
情态动词can - 肯定形式详解
肯定形式用于陈述“某人会做某事”或“某人可以做某事”。
核心结构:主语 + can + 动词原形 + 其他。
主语适配:所有主语(I/You/He/She/It/We/They)均用can,无变化。
例句1(表能力):She can play the piano.(她会弹钢琴。)
例句2(表许可):We can use the computer.(我们可以使用电脑。)
注意:can后接动词原形,不可加s/es,如can plays(错误)。
情态动词can - 疑问形式及回答
疑问形式用于询问“某人会不会做某事”或“某人是否可以做某事”。
核心结构:Can + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?(can提前,首字母大写)
肯定回答:Yes, 主语 + can.(简洁回答,无需重复完整句子)
否定回答:No, 主语 + can't.(不可用No, I not can.)
例句:—Can you speak English —Yes, I can. / No, I can't.
拓展:疑问语气委婉,可用于请求帮助,如Can you help me
情态动词can - 拓展用法(补充)
除了表“能力”和“许可”,can还有两个常用拓展用法:
1. 表“可能性”:指某事有可能发生,语气较委婉。
例:It can be very cold in winter.(冬天可能会很冷。)
2. 表“请求”:用于向他人寻求帮助,语气礼貌。
例:Can you open the window (你能打开窗户吗?)
注意:表请求时,否定回答可用Sorry, I can't. 更礼貌。
情态动词can - 易错点提醒
1. 后接动词形式错误:He can plays football.(正确:play)
2. 否定形式拼写错误:can not → can't(正确),cann't(错误)
3. 疑问语序错误:You can swim (正确:Can you swim )
4. 回答不一致:—Can she dance —Yes, she can't.(正确:No, she can't.)
5. 混淆“能力”和“许可”:根据语境判断can的含义,避免误用。
小练习(一)- can/can't 填空
1. I ___________ speak Chinese, but I ___________ speak French.(能力)
2. You ___________ watch TV after you finish your homework.(许可)
3. My little brother ___________ walk. He is only one year old.(能力)
4. They ___________ play basketball very well. They are good players.(能力)
5. We ___________ run in the hallways. It's dangerous.(许可)
can
can't
can
can't
can
can't
语法二:冠词 - 核心定义
冠词是用于限定名词的虚词,本身无实际意义,不能单独使用。
分类:英语中冠词分为两类——不定冠词(a/an)和定冠词(the)。
核心作用:限定名词的范围,区分“泛指”(任意一个)和“特指”(特定的)。
例:a book(一本数,泛指);the book(那本书,特指)
注意:冠词通常放在名词前,修饰单数可数名词,不可数名词需结合语境。
不定冠词 - a 的用法详解
a 是不定冠词,用于辅音音素开头的单数可数名词前。
核心含义:表示“一”,泛指某一类人或事物中的“任意一个”,不特指。
关键判断:看单词的发音(不是字母),辅音音素开头用a。
例句1:He is a student.(student / stju dnt/ 辅音开头,泛指一名学生)
例句2:I have a dog.(dog /d ɡ/ 辅音开头,泛指一只狗)
易错点:不能看字母开头,如a university(university辅音开头)。
不定冠词 - an 的用法详解
an 是不定冠词,用于元音音素开头的单数可数名词前。
核心含义:和a一样表示“一”,泛指某一类人或事物中的“任意一个”。
关键判断:看单词的发音(不是字母),元音音素(a/e/i/o/u发音)开头用an。易错点:an hour(hour / a / 元音开头,h不发音)。
例句1:She is an actress.(actress / ktr s/ 元音开头)
例句2:There is an orange on the table.(orange / r nd / 元音开头)
不定冠词 a/an - 对比总结
不定冠词 适用情况 例句
a 辅音音素开头的单数可数名词前 a pen, a boy, a computer
an 元音音素开头的单数可数名词前 an apple, an egg, an hour
记忆口诀:元音发音用an,辅音发音用a,看音不看字母。
定冠词 the - 用法详解(一)
the 是定冠词,核心含义:表示“这、那”,用于特指某一特定的人或事物。
用法1:特指双方都知道的人或事物,无需额外说明。
例:Open the door, please.(请打开那扇门,双方都知道的门)
用法2:特指上文提到过的人或事物,下文再次提及。
例:I have a book. The book is very interesting.(上文提到的书)
注意:the可用于单数、复数可数名词和不可数名词前。
定冠词 the - 用法详解(二)
1. 用于世界上独一无二的事物前(如太阳、月亮、地球)。
例:The sun is big.(太阳);The Earth is our home.(地球)
2. 用于序数词、形容词最高级前。
例:He is the first student.(第一);This is the best book.(最好的)
3. 用于乐器名称前。
例:She can play the piano.(钢琴);He plays the guitar.(吉他)
冠词 - 不用冠词的情况(拓展)
1. 泛指复数可数名词和不可数名词前(无特指)。
例:Dogs are lovely.(狗很可爱,泛指所有狗);Water is important.
2. 专有名词前(如人名、地名、节日)。
例:Tom is my friend.(Tom人名);Beijing is a big city.(北京地名)
3. 三餐、球类运动名称前。例:I have breakfast at 7:00.(早餐);
He plays football.(足球)
冠词 - 易错点提醒
1. a/an混淆:an student(错误,student辅音开头,用a)
2. 漏用the:I play piano.(错误,乐器前用the,play the piano)
3. 滥用the:He is a the good boy.(错误,a和the不能同时用)
4. 看字母不看发音:a apple(错误,apple元音开头,用an)
5. 专有名词前用the:The Tom is my friend.(错误,人名前不用the)
小练习(二)- a/an/the 填空
1. She is ___________ honest girl. Everyone likes her.
2. I bought ___________ book yesterday. ___________ book is about animals.
3. ___________ sun is bright today. Let's go out to play.
4. He can play ___________ guitar very well.
5. There is ___________ bird in ___________ tree.
an
a
The
The
the
a
the
综合练习(一)- 单项选择
1. —________ you play the piano —Yes, I can.
A. Can B. Do C. Are
2. He is ___________ good singer. He sings very well.
A. an B. a C. the
3. I ___________ swim, but I ___________ skate.
A. can; can B. can't; can C. can; can't
4. There is ___________ orange on the table. It's red.
A. a B. an C. the
A
B
C
B
综合练习(二)- 单项选择
5. —Can she dance —No, she ___________.
A. can B. can't C. isn't
6. ___________ moon is round and bright at night.
A. A B. An C. The
7. My sister ___________ speak English, but she can speak Chinese.
A. can B. can't C. don't
8. He wants to be ___________ actor in the future.
A. a B. an C. the
B
C
B
B
综合练习(三)- 句型转换
1. He can play the guitar.(改为否定句)
He ___________ play the guitar.
2. I can speak Chinese.(改为一般疑问句并作否定回答)
—___________ you speak Chinese —No, I ___________.
3. She can sing and dance.(对划线部分提问)
What ___________ she ___________
4. They can use the computer.(改为否定句)
They ___________ use the computer.
can't
Can
can’t
can do
can't
综合练习(四)- 用所给词的适当形式填空
1. My father ___________ (can) drive a car, but he ___________ (can) ride a bike.
2. There is ___________ (a/an) old man under ___________ (a/the) tree.
3. —___________ (Can/Do) you help me —Yes, I can.
4. She is ___________ (a/an) doctor. She works in ___________ (a/the) hospital.
5. We ___________ (can) run in the classroom. It's not allowed.
can
can't
an
the
Can
a
the
can't
综合练习(五)- 补全对话
A: Hello, Lucy! ___________ you play the piano
B: Yes, I can. I can also play ___________ guitar.
A: Wow, great! Can you teach me I ___________ play it.
B: Sure. I have ___________ new guitar. It's in my room.
A: Thank you! Is there ___________ book about playing the guitar
B: Yes, there is. ___________ book is on my desk.
Can
the
can't
a
a
The
综合练习(六)- 短文填空
My name is Jim. I am ___________ student. I ___________ speak English very well. I ___________ swim, but I can play football. There is ___________ football in my room. My brother can play ___________ piano. He is ___________ good pianist. We often play together after school. ___________ sun is warm in the afternoon.
a
can
can't
a
the
a
The
综合练习(七)- 判断句子正误
1. He can plays the piano.( )改正:___________
2. She is an good student.( )改正:___________
3. Can you speak Chinese Yes, I can.( )改正:___________
4. There is a orange on the table.( )改正:___________
5. He can't swims.( )改正:___________
F
He can play the piano.
F
She is a good student.
T
F
There is an orange on the table.
F
He can't swim.
语法知识总结(一)- 情态动词can
can是情态动词,无单复数变化,后接动词原形,核心表“能力”和“许可”。
1. 肯定形式:主语 + can + 动词原形(表“会/可以做某事”)
2. 否定形式:主语 + can't + 动词原形(表“不会/不可以做某事”)
3. 疑问形式:Can + 主语 + 动词原形?回答:Yes, 主语+can./No, 主语+can't.
4. 拓展用法:表“可能性”和“请求”,语气委婉。
5. 易错点:后接动词原形、否定形式拼写、疑问语序。
can与冠词 - 综合应用技巧
1. 口语表达:用can询问能力/请求,搭配冠词描述人/事物。
例:Can you play the guitar I have a new guitar.
2. 书面写作:先确定can的含义,再根据名词泛指/特指选择冠词。
3. 做题技巧:
— 看到“会/不会”“可以/不可以”,用can/can't。
— 看到“任意一个”用a/an,看到“特定的”用the。
教学课件
Unit4语法专项—— 情态动词can和冠词(a/an/the)
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