人教版高中英语选择性必修第二册Unit 5 Section Ⅲ Learning about language—Discover useful structures课件

(共49张PPT)
FIRST AID
Unit 5
Discovering useful structures
1
2
3
4
Lead-in
V-ing的基本用法
V-ing 的基本结构
Practice
PART 1
Lead-in
阅读以下短文，感知画线部分(动词-ing短语)在句子中所作的成分，并把序号填入下面的表格。
1.Taking a deep breath，Tom went in a second time.With heavy smoke 2.filling the house，it was nearly impossible for him to see the surroundings and he just felt his way,3.calling Mary repeatedly.“Mary，where are you？” he screamed desperately.But all he could hear was the popping of 4.burning wood.Just then，a soft but hopeful voice came，“Uncle Tom，I’m in my bedroom.” Without 5.thinking twice，he rushed to the bedroom，crashed into the door，pulled her up and carried her outside.That was the last thing he kept in mind.
6.Being injured in the fire made Tom stay in the hospital.As he woke up，what he firstly cared about was Mary’s safety.7.Hearing Mary was all right，he smiled,8.coughing and nodding.9.Having suffered severe burns，he had to spend another two weeks in the hospital.Mary recovered soon and was released from the hospital after two days.She and her grandmother went to visit Tom.10.Seeing him，Mary’s grandmother couldn’t contain her tears of gratitude.“Thank you，Tom.Without 11.your rescuing her，my granddaughter would have died in the fire，” She murmured,12.holding his hand tightly.“It’s my pleasure.Mary is my angel，” Tom held her hand,13.saying in a kind voice.The whole atmosphere in the ward was 14.pleasing and moving.
主语 宾语
表语 定语
补语 状语
6
5,11
14
4
2
1,3,7,8,9,10,12,13
PART 2
V-ing 的基本结构
非谓语动词之V-ing
动词
谓语
非谓语
done
doing
to do
具有动词的特征
具有名词的特征
具有形容词的特征
具有副词的特征
动名词
现在分词
1. It also helps control your body temperature，prevents your body from losing too much water...
2. As you can imagine, getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries.
3. The first and most important step in the treatment of burns is giving first aid.
4. It is best to place burns under cool running water, especially within the first ten minutes.
5. Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary, unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin.
6. You can protect the burn by covering it with a clean cloth.
Subject 主语
Predicative 表语
Object after a preposition 介词后面的宾语
Attribute 定语
Adverbial 状语
Object complement 宾语补足语
Object after a preposition 介词后面的宾语
Point out the function of the -ing form in the following sentences.
Subject (主)
1
V-ing can function as:
主 动 被 动
一般
完成
否定式
doing
being done
having done
having been done
not+doing / not+having done
doing
having done
done
being done
having been done
主动，与主句谓语动词同时或基本同时发生
主动，先于谓语动词发生
被动
被动，正在进行
被动，先于谓语动词发生
V-ing 时态和语态
Looking at the moon, he thought of his hometown.
非谓语looking，与谓语thought of______________（时间上对比）.
Having finished his homework, he stood up to take a rest.
非谓语having finished，与谓语 stood up对比___________.（时间）
Given more time, I will get higher scores.
非谓语given，其逻辑主语是_______, 他们之间是_______关系。
Being built by workers now, the bridge will be put into use next year.
非谓语Being built的逻辑主语是____, 他们之间是_____关系，且表示___。
Having been built for 2 years, the bridge will be put into use next year.
非谓语Having been built的逻辑主语是________________, 他们之间是
_______关系，且表示________________________。
同时发生
发生更早
被动
I
被动
正在进行
被动
the bridge
早于主句谓语动词发生
the
bridge
语境感悟
形容词性物主代词+动词-ing
名词所有格+动词-ing
人称代词宾格+动词-ing
名词+动词-ing
1. Do you mind my/ me/ Jack’s/ Jack leaving now
2. His/ Tom’s winning the first prize last year impressed me a lot.
作主语、宾语
作宾语
V-ing的复合结构
PART 3
V-ing的基本用法
基本用法
v-ing形式
动名词
现在分词
主语
宾语
表语
定语
定语
表语
状语
宾补
Playing with fire is dangerous.
Jim likes jumping in muddy puddles.
Her idea is building up a new company.
People living there are quite friendly.
He really needs a washing machine.
The performance was really amazing.
Laughing and talking, they went in.
I love to watch her performing on the stage.
V-ing 作主语
位于句首/句末：
Placing burns under the cool running water is the most efficient step to stop
the burning process.
It is no use crying over spilt milk.
注意：主谓一致
Applying oil to the injuried area is a bad idea.
Singing songs and dancing are his hobbies.
结论：单个动名词做主语，谓语动词用 ____________。
多个动名词做主语，谓语动词用 ____________。
单数
复数
V-ing做主语的位置
It is/was + a waste of time doing …
It is/was no good/use/useless doing …
It is/was worth/worthwhile doing …
It’s (great) fun/pleasure doing sth.
做……是浪费时间的
做……是没有用的
做……是值得的
常用动词-ing形式作主语的句型有:
V-ing 作主语
做某事是有（极大）乐趣的
__________(ask)to do so much homework made him unhappy.
_______ (waste) a person’ time is the same as killing him for his property.
___________(admit) to a key university made hime quite thrilled.
______(be) a vegetarian means no meat for food.
__________(blame) by the manger made the librarian very sad.
Being asked
Being admitted
Being blamed
Wasting
Being
注意： 被动形式的动名词做主语
V-ing 作主语
V-ing 作主语
v.-ing作主语往往表示______________________动作
to do作主语往往表示_________________动作。
Reading aloud is a good way to learn a language.
大声朗读是学习语言的一种好方法。
To finish the task will take a long time.
要完成这项任务将要花费很长时间。
v.-ing 形式和 to do 作主语时的区别
经常/多次发生的习惯性
具体的或一次性的
V-ing 作宾语
We are thinking of (make) a new plan for the next term.
He really regrets (waste) too much time on online games
making
wasting
v-ing作宾语可分为介词宾语和动词宾语两种
v-ing作介词的宾语
1. On _________ (arrive), we set about __________ (climb) in groups.
2. By _______ (bow), we mean “bending our head or body forward as a sign of respect or shame”.
3. COVID-19 Vaccine prevents us from_________ (get) infected.
4. We should insist on __________ (practice) our spoken English on a daily basis.
5. I’m looking forward to ___________ (receive) your reply.
6. My father is used to ______ (go) to bed late and ________ (get) up very early.
arriving
climbing
bowing
getting
practicing
receiving
going
getting
v-ing作介词的宾语
注意: be / get used to, look forward to, pay attention to 等中的 to 都是介词，不是不定式符号to do.
admit to（承认）
lead to（导致）
be equal to（胜任的）
stick to（忠于；坚持）
pay attention to（注意）
be addicted to（沉溺于）
object to（反对）
devote oneself to（献身于）
keep to（坚持）
contribute to（有助于）
be / get used to（习惯于）
look forward to（盼望）
get down to（着手做）
常见的带介词 to 的短语:
v-ing作动词的宾语
喜欢考虑要想象(enjoy, consider, imagine/fancy)
介意冒险可避免(mind, risk, avoid)
允许承认不喜欢(allow, admit, dislike)
欣赏错过可理解(appreciate, miss, understand)
主张完成不拖延(advocate, finish, delay/postpone)
建议坚持勤练习(suggest/advise/recommend, keep, practice)
反对逃避不放弃(oppose/resist, escape, quit)
常见的跟动词－ing形式作宾语的动词短语有：
put off, end up，give up, feel like，be worth， be busy等。
①在有些动词的后面，如：start，begin，continue等既可接动名词也可接不定式作宾语，两者意义区别不大。
They continued working/to work as if nothing had happened.
他们继续工作，似乎什么也没发生过。
区分：既可用动词-ing形式作宾语，也可用不定式to do作宾语的动并且两者含义区别不大。
②need, require, want, demand, request, deserve作“需要”解时，后面接-ing形式的主动形式或不定式的被动形式，意义上并无差别，即：
Your composition needs correcting / to be corrected.
His coat wants cleaning / to be cleaned.
(sth.) need/want/require/deserve/request/demand doing
= to be done 某物需要被...
The washing-machine needs__________(repair) .
The point wants __________(refer) to.
The situation in Russian required _________(study).
Her plan deserves ___________ (consider).
This English novel is worth _________(read).
= to be repaired
repairing
referring
studying
considering
reading
= to be referred
= to be studied
= to be considered
(sth.) need/want/require/deserve/request/demand/be worth doing 属于主动形式表达被动含义
Practice
①在love，hate，prefer，like等动词后接动词－ing形式作宾语指经常性的动作，用不定式作宾语指具体的动作。
He preferred staying in the house when it rained.下雨时他宁愿待在家里。
(用动词－ing形式作宾语，指每逢天下雨都待在家里。)
I prefer to stay at home this afternoon.今天下午我宁愿留在家里。
(用动词不定式作宾语，表示今天下午留在家里这一具体的动作。)
有些动词和动词短语后跟动词不定式和动名词作宾语皆可，但含义不同。
v-ing作动词的宾语
动词 宾语的形式 意义
forget to do 忘记做……
doing 忘记做过……
remember to do 记着要去做……
doing 记得做过……
regret to do 遗憾/抱歉要做……
doing 后悔做了……
try to do 尽力做……
doing 尝试做……
mean to do 打算做……
doing 意味着……
动词 宾语的形式 意义
go on to do 接着做(另外一件事)
doing 接着做(同一件事)
stop to do 停下来去做某事
doing 停止做某事
② 在forget, remember, regret, try, mean, go on, stop之后的含义不同。
V-ing 作表语
1. The argument is very convincing．
2. The situation both at home and abroad is encouraging．
3. They were very shocked at the news.
4. The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much.
分词作表语，多表示_____________________________。
现在分词作表语，多表示主语具有的______，常译为____________;
过去分词作表语，多表示主语具有的______，常译为____________。
现在分词
现在分词
过去分词
过去分词
特征
令人……的
状态
感到……的
主语具有的特征和状态
V-ing 作表语
The argument is very convincing.
Your speech is very interesting and encouraging.
现在分词作表语，具有形容词的性质，说明主语的性质、特征等。
如：moving，interesting，encouraging，exciting，inspiring，boring，surprising 等，这类分词有“令人……的”的含义。
动名词作表语多表示抽象性的或习惯性的动作，一般说明主语的内容。表语和主语常可互换位置
3. Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible.
＝Keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job.
v-ing 作表语, 分为动名词作表语和现在分词作表语两种情况
V-ing 作定语
boiling water
a sleeping baby
a washing
machine
a swimming
pool
动名词作定语表示名词的用途。
a girl dancing on the stage
a vase dating back to Han Dynasty
a burning house
单个分词作定语一般放在修饰词的_____，现在分词短语作定语通常放在修饰词的_______，并且可以转化为一个_____从句。
后面
前面
定语
V-ing 作定语的位置
Do you know the girl dancing on the stage
=Do you know the girl (dance) on the stage
who is dancing
The dog climbing a tree is named Wang Zai.
=The dog ________________(climb) a tree is named Wang Zai.
who is climbing
V-ing 作定语
1. I have something interesting to say.
2. Anything amazing is welcomed here.
单个的现在分词修饰复合不定代词something, everything, anything, nothing等，要放在这些词的_____。
后面
V-ing 作定语
V-ing 作状语
One day I will stand on the top of the world, making the world shocked.
Lacking of talent, I believe my hardworking and determination will make me a success.
V-ing作状语时，它的逻辑主语就是整个句子的主语，与句子主语是主动关系，与主句主语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系。
make和逻辑主语 I 之间是主动关系
lack和逻辑主语 I 之间是主动关系
1.Hearing the news, he couldn’t help laughing.
2.Facing so many difficulties, I have to turn to you for help.
As I am facing so many difficulties, I have to turn to you for help.
3.Losing this opportunity, you are sure to regret it.
If you lose this opportunity, you are sure to regret it.
4.Having a talent for dance, he doesn’t get a chance to show himself.
Though he has a talent for dance, he doesn’t get a chance to show himself.
When he heard the news, he couldn’t help laughing.
表原因的现在分词做状语相当于原因状语从句
表条件的现在分词做状语相当于条件状语从句
2. 现在分词作状语与状语从句的转换
表时间的现在分词做状语相当于时间状语从句
现在分词作伴随，方式和结果状语时，通常不能转换为状语从句，但可用并列分句代替。
5. The boy sat in front of the farm house, cutting the branches.
The boy sat in front of the farm house and cut the branches.
6. He stood leaning against the wall.
He stood and leaned against the wall.
7. His father died, leaving the family even worse off.
His father died and left the family even worse off.
由when/while/once/if/though/unless/as if等引导的状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，如果从句的谓语动词是主动语态，则可以省略从句的主语，而保留原连词，形成“连词＋动词-ing形式”的结构形式。
3. 连词＋动词-ing形式
Though lacking money, his parents managed to send him to university.
Once caught, people who break the law will be punished.
If compared with that movie, this one is more interesting.
① I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my head．
② The meeting being over, we went to play football.
③ Time permitting, we'll do another two exercises.
④ She being ill, her mother had to look after her at home.
⑤ All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly.
有时现在分词有自己的逻辑主语,这时其逻辑主语相对于句子的主语来说是独立的,因此又叫独立主格结构，构成形式是“名词/代词+动词-ing”。
__________Friday , we feel extremely excited.
A. Being B. It is C. There being D. It being
4. 现在分词的独立主格结构
有些V-ing短语可以做独立成分，用来解释整个句子，表示说话人的态度、观点等, 我们称这类状语为评注性状语，语法上叫“悬垂分词”。 不受句子主语的限制，无需考虑其逻辑主语。
1. Generally speaking, girls are more careful than boys.
2. Supposing you lose, what will you do
3. Judging from his accent, he must be from the north.
4. Talking of travel, have you ever been to Beijing
5. 现在分词的独立成分(评注性状语)
常见的分词短语有：
generally speaking, (大体来说)， supposing (假设), judging from(从…判断), talking of（谈到), speaking of（谈到）seeing/considering (考虑到)等。
V-ing 作宾补
使用v-ing形式作宾补，常表示宾语和宾补之间是主动关系或表示v-ing形式的动作正在进行。以see为例：see +宾语+ doing sth. 看见·······正在做某事.
We can see a boy singing in the picture.
宾语补足语
主语
谓语
宾语
感官动词（短语）see, watch, observe, look at, notice, hear, listen to, feel等后常接v-ing形式作宾补，宾语和宾补之间是主动关系。若表示被动关系，则用being done. 此外，在with 复合结构、使役动词后也有类似用法。（例句见后面）
V-ing 作宾补
1). have/make +宾语+ doing sth. 使······持续做某事
2). get +宾语+ doing sth.使······开始做某事
3). keep/leave +宾语+ doing sth.使······一直做某事
e.g. I’m sorry to keep you waiting for so long.
I’ll have you speaking English in six months.
Don’t leave her waiting outside in the rain.
1. 使役动词+宾语+v-ing宾补
2. with+宾语+v-ing宾补
2. The boss had the girl _______________________.
4. The man found the thieves ________________________.
加班一整天了
1. I saw a chick ______________________________________.
3. I felt someone _________________________________________.
5. With the exam ___________,the girl is busy
reviewing her lessons.
Practice
动词-ing
句法功能：
主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾补
基本结构：
复合结构：
having done（主动）
一般式
完成式
doing（主动）
being done（被动）
having been done（被动）
形容词性物主代词/名词所有格+动词-ing(主/宾)
人称代词宾格/名词+动词-ing(宾语)
Summary
PART 4
Practice
Practice
单句填空
1. I suggest _________(finish) it on time before the deadline.
finishing
2.___________(shake) heads means “No” in some countries.
Shaking
3. Because of his bad health, the doctor advised him to give up ___________ (smoke).
smoking
4.__________(find) the course very difficult, she decided to move to a lower level.
Finding
5.______________(wait) in the queue for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized he had left the wallet in the car.
Having waited
Practice
6. The fruit __________(look) fresh in his fruit stand sells well.
looking
7. Last night, there were millions of people ___________(watch) the opening ceremony live on TV.
watching
8. There's a note pinned to the door_________(say) when the shop will open again.
saying
9. His speech was so__________(move) that most of the students couldn't hold back their tears.
moving
10.___________(look) at my classmates' faces, I read the same excitement in their eyes.
Looking
Practice
根据汉语提示完成句子
1.The patient _______________________________(正在被医生检查) is Li Ming's mother.
being examined by the doctor
2._________________________(经常锻炼) will not only do a lot of good to our health, but it can also help us learn more effectively.
Taking exercise regularly
3.More and more highways have been built in China, _________________________(使……更加容易) for people to travel from one place to another.
making it much easier
4.I have never seen _____________________(一部更令人感动的电影).
a more moving film
Practice
Replace each underlined part with a suitable -ing form and rewrite the sentence as necessary.
1. When he got out of the bathtub, he slipped and fell on the floor.
2. Is there any reason why we are not going to have the first-aid training this week
3. She had been told about the risk of electric shocks and this made her very careful while using hairdryers.
When getting out of the bathtub，he slipped and fell on the floor.
Is there any reason for not having the first-aid training this week
Having been told about the risk of electric shocks, she was very careful while using hairdryers.
Practice
4. Because the child was not watched carefully by his parents, he touched a hot iron and burnt his finger.
5. After she had been bitten by mosquitoes, she applied some medicine to her skin.
Not being watched carefully by his parents, the child touched a hot iron and burnt his finger.
After being/ having been bitten by mosquitoes, she applied some medicine to her skin.
Practice
Complete the passage with the correct forms of the given words. What happened to Mrs Taylor
Mrs Taylor was an elderly woman ______ (live) alone. One day, she was in her living room cleaning the windows, when suddenly she could no longer feel the right side of her body. _____ (try) to walk to her sofa to sit down, she fell over onto the carpet. Then she realised that she could not get up, and that she was having trouble ________ (breathe). Fortunately, she had her mobile phone with her, and she was able to reach it with her left hand while _____ (lie) on the floor. Her mobile phone _______________ (already, set up) to call an emergency number at the push of a button, so it was easy to call for help. While attempting to talk to the operator, Mrs Taylor discovered that she could not speak. _________ (not, hear) an answer, the operator knew that Mrs Taylor must be in trouble. Telling Mrs Taylor that everything would be OK, she immediately sent an ambulance. After ________ (arrive), the ambulance team quickly found Mrs Taylor and without delay gave her oxygen, put in an IV needle, and checked her vital signs. ______________ (take) to the hospital and treated immediately, Mrs Taylor's health was in no great danger, though she had to stay in the hospital ward. After a week, her ________ (frighten) experience was over, and she was allowed to go home.
living
Trying
breathing
lying
was already set up
Not hearing
arriving
Having been taken
frightening
She had a stroke when she was alone at home. She called for an ambulance and was saved in time.