精品 2026届高考复习英语语法讲义—定语从句及在高考中的运用

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
(精品原创，侵权必究）
2026届高考复习英语语法讲义—定语从句及在高考中的运用
定语从句的定义：在复合句中修饰某一名词、代词或整个句子的从句叫定语从句。定语从句在句子中的作用相当于形容词。被定语从句所修饰的名词、代词或句子叫先行词。 连接先行词与从句之间的词叫引导词，引导词分为关系代词that,which,who,whom,whose,as等和关系副词when,where,why。
分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
◎ 限定性定语从句
限制性定语从句对先行词起限制、区分的作用，并与先行词有着不可分割的关系，这种从句不能省略，否则主句的意思不完整、不明确。翻译是作后置定语来修饰先行词，表示“……的”。
例：Do you know the man who/that lived in the house last year 你知道去年住在这栋房屋里的那位男士吗？
the man 先行词 关系代词who/that 作主语 who lived in the house last year 为定语从句修饰前面的先行词 the man
一、定语从句的关系代词的用法
关系代词 指代对象 在从句中的成分
who 人 主语、宾语
whom 人 宾语
that 人或物 主语、宾语
which 物 主语、宾语
whose 人或物 定语
as 人或物 主语、宾语、表语
1.关系代词 who/whom/that的用法
在定语从句中先行词指人时，用who/that引导，作主语，不可省略；作宾语时，用who/whom/that引导，可以省略。
She is the teacher who/that taught us English last term. 她就是上学期教我们英语的那位老师。（作主语）
The girl (who/whom/that) you saw in living room just now is my sister. (作宾语，who/whom/that可以省略)
你刚才在起居室看见的那位女孩是我的妹妹。
2.关系代词 that /which 的用法
在定语从句中先行词指物时，用that/which引导，可作主语、宾语。作主语不可省略，宾语可以省略。
The river (that /which) runs through the foot of the village brings us a lot of joy.(作主语不可省略)
流经村脚下的那条河给我们带来了许多欢乐。
This is the house (that /which) they lived in ten years ago. (作宾语可以省略) 这就是他们十年前住过的房子。
【高考连线】(2025辽宁联考) Governments and regulatory bodies will need to establish clear guidelines and safety standards__________ are essential to manage the operation of self-driving cars on roads.
解析：考查限制性定语从句，先行词是clear guidelines and safety standards,指物，作主语，故填that/which
句意：政府和监管机构需要制定明确的指导方针和安全标准，这对管理自动驾驶汽车在道路上的运行至关重要。
3.that ,which 的用法区别
在限制性定语从句中，只能用that,不用which 的情况
⑴.当先行词是不定代词all,little,few,much,anything,everything,,nothing (something除外),some等时，
This is all that I have done.这就是我所做的一切。(all是先行词，只能用that ,不用which)
Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself
⑵.当先行词被the only,the very,the same修饰时，只能用that。
He is the very person that I want to find.他正是我要找的那个人。
The only thing that we can do is to give you some help in food.
我们唯一能做的事就是给你一些在食物上的帮助。
⑶.当先行词是形容词最高级或先行词前有形容词最高级修饰时，只能用that。
This is the best way that we can solve the problem.这就是我们能解决这个问题的最好的方法。
That is the most exciting film that I have ever seen.那就是我曾经看过最兴奋的电影。
⑷.当先行词是序数词或它前面有序数词修饰时，只能用that。
The first place that they visited in Beijing was the Great Wall.他们在北京参观的第一个地方是长城。
This train is the last that will go to Shanghai.这是将开往上海的最后一班火车。
⑸.当先行词既有人又有物时，只能用that。
I never forget the things and persons that we met in the school.我从不会忘记我们在学校遇到的人和事。
⑹.当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时，只能用that。
Who is the boy that is reading book over there？正在那边看书的那位男孩是谁？
Which is the mobile phone that you bought last year 你去年买的是哪部手机。
⑺.以the way为先行词的限制性定语从句通常由in which或that引导，而且通常可以省略。The way (that / in which ) he answered the questions was funny. 他回答这些问题的样子很搞笑。
注：只能用which的情况
(1).非限制性定语从句先行词指物时或一整件事时，有逗号隔开，只能用that
More and more people are using WeChat, which has become a very important part in people’s lives.
(2). 在一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个的关系代词用了that,另一个只能用which.
Let me show you the book that I borrowed from the library which was open to us recently.
(3). 先行词本身是that, 宜用which
What’s that which he is looking at
【高考连线】(2025广东茂名模拟) The Qilian Mountains are the source of some rivers_______flow in the Hexi Corridor.
解析：分析句子结构可知，空处引导一个引导限制性定语从句，修饰表示物的先行词rivers,关系词在从句中作主语，且先行词前面有some修饰，故关系代词只能用that。句意：祁连山是河西走廊一些河流的源头。
4.whose 的用法
whose可以指人，也可以指物，在定语从句中修饰名词作定语，不可省略。
This the scientist whose achievements are outstanding.(whose指the scientist’s 作achievements的定语，不可省略) 。 这就是那位成就卓著的科学家。
He lives in the room whose window faces the south.（whose指the room’s作window名词的定语）
他住在窗户面朝南方的那个房间。
知识拓展
whose +名词=限定词+名词+of which=of which+限定词
He lives in the room whose window faces the south.
=He lives in the room the window of which faces the south.
=He lives in the room of which the window faces the south.
【高考连线】(2025贵州联考模拟).I live next door to a couple _______children often make a lot of noise.
解析：考查定语从句的关系词。a couple是先行词，这对夫妻的孩子很吵，children和couple是所属关系，故用whose作定语，相当于the children of whom。
5.as 的用法
① as作为关系代词既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语。引导限定性定语从句时，表达“(正)像…… (正)如……那样”类似的意思，as 常用于such...as.., so...as.., the same...as..,结构中。
As is known to all,the earth moves around the sun.众所周知、地球围绕着太阳转。（as做主语）
As everybody knows,Lu Xun was a famous writer.从所周知，鲁迅是一位著名的作家。(as 作knows的宾语)
Such people as have made great contributions to the world should be greatly respected.像那些对世界作出重大贡献的人应该受到极大的尊重。（作主语）
This is the same book as I wanted to find yesterday.这就是我昨天需要找的同一本书。(作宾语)
6.“介词+关系代词”的用法
“介词+关系代词”结构中的关系代词是which,whom, whose ,不可用that和who. 先行词指物时，关系代词用which, 先行词指人时，关系代词用whom, whose可指人可指物，修饰名词作定语放在介词之后。即：介词+which /whom (先行词指物就用which,先行词指人就用whom，都作介词的宾语),
其中介词的取决主要遵循以下原则：
⑴.根据动词、形容词所需要的某种习惯搭配来确定。（短语可拆开）
We'll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked. （talk about 可拆开）
=We'll go to hear the famous singer(whom/that/who)we have often talked about.
AI is a subject in which more and more people are interested now.(be interested in)
=AI is a subject which more and more people are interested in now
⑵.根据先行词的习惯搭配来确定。
I’ll never forget the day on which I first came to school.(具体某一天与on 搭配)
=I’ll never forget the day when I first came to school
⑶.根据从句所表达的意义来确定。
Air and water without which we can’t live is of great importance.
注意事项：
含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for,look after,take care of等。
This is the watch which/that I am looking for.
不能写成：This is watch for I am looking.
【高考连线】 (2025准北一检)There was a strong showing of Chinese films at this year's testival.One of the highlights was the Chinese Cinema Week,during______ seven films were shown.
解析：此处是“介词+which/whom”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是Chinese Cinema Week,指物，因此空处应用which。故填which。句意：在今年的电影节上，中国电影表现强劲。其中一个亮点是中国电影周，期间展映了七部电影。
二、限定性语从句关系副词的用法
当引导定语从句的关系词在从句中作时间、地点、原因状语时，用关系副词when,where,why 来引
导。关系副词不能省略。
关系副词的作用：
①.指代表示时间、地点、原因的先行词。
②.在从句中作状语。
③.起连接作用，把主句和定语从句连接起来。
⑴.when 的用法
when表示时间，代替先行词并在定语从句中作时间状语，其先行词往往是表示时间的名词如time,day,week,year等。
I will always remember the days when we worked together. (when=during which)
我会永远记得我们在一起工作的日子
He can’t remember the year when he was born. (when=in which)
【误区】当先行词是时间名词时，定语从句既可用when引导，也可以用that或which引导，关键看关系词在从句中作何种成分。若关系词在定语从句中作状语，则用when引导；若关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，则用that或which引导。
I don’t forget the time (that/which) we spent together.我不会忘记我们在一起度过的时光。
先行词 the time 指时间，这里不能用when,不作时间状语； 因为从句动词谓语spent 为及物动词，要带宾语，宾语就是先行词the time，用that/which 引导作宾语，可以省略。
【高考连线】 （2023全国）We live in an age ________ more information is available with great ease than ever before.
解析：先行词 age, “时代，年代”指时间，用when填入，作时间状语。 句意：我们生活在一个比以前任何时候都获得更多信息的时代。
⑵.where 的用法
where表示地点，代替先行词并在定语从句中作地点状语，其先行词是表示地点的名词如:place,factory,house,village ,area等，或表示抽象地点的如:position,point,case,stage,situation,atmosphere 等。
This is the village where(=in which) he lived 20year ago.这就是他20年前住过的村子。(where作状语)
Guiyang is the place where(=in which)I was born.贵阳是我的出生地。(where作状语)
【误区】 当先行词是地点名词时，如果关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，则用that或which引导定语从句，不可用where引导。
He works in a factory that/which makes AI robots.他在一家制造AI机器人工厂工作。（作主语）
【高考连线】(2026贵州模拟) Global warming may shrink the total area ________ is most suited for growing Arabica beans by about half by 2050.
解析：分析句子结构可知，考查限制性定语从句，先行词为the total area,关系词在定语从句中作主语，故填that/which. 句意：到2050年，全球变暖可能会使最适合种植阿拉比卡咖啡豆的区域总面积减少一半。
【高考连线】(2025贵州联考模拟) If you find yourself in a situation _______you should help another person,don’t hesitate to do it.
解析：考查关系副词(引导限制性定语从句)分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰表示地点的抽象名词situation,关系词在从句中作地点状语，故填where。
(3)why的用法
why表示原因，代替先行词并在定语从句中作原因状语，其先行词是表示理由的名词reason。
·We don't know the reason why(=for which) he didn't show up我们不知道他为什么不出现。
Is this the reason why(=for which)he was late for class 这就是他迟到的理由吗
【误区】 若代替先行词reason的关系词在定语从句中不作状语，而是充当主语或宾语，则用that或which引导定语从句，不可用why引导。
The reason that/which they told you is not true.他们给你的理由是不真实的。（作直接宾语）
◎ 非限定性定语从句
非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的先行词作进一步说明，通常是引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后主句部分仍可成立，不影响主句的意思，翻译时一般把主从句译成并列形式。
一、引导非限定性定语从句的关系词有：who指人作主语, whom指人作宾语，which 指物作主语、宾语、表语，where指地点作状语，when指时间作状语，whose 指人也指物作定语，as 作主语、宾语。注意：that 不能引导非限定性定语从句.
1.who/whom 引导非限定性定语从句的用法
There are 10 girl students in this class, who are from the south of China.(指人作主语)
这个班里有10女生，她们来自中国南方。
Jack , whom you saw at my house last Sunday, is my good friend.(指人作宾语，不能省略)
杰克是我的好朋友，上个星期天你在我家见过他。
2.which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分。
He came to school late again, which made his teacher very angry.(作主语,不能省略)
他上学又迟到了，这使得他的老师很生气。
3.whose,as 在非限制性定语从句中的用法
The book on the desk, whose cover is red, is very interesting. (指物，作定语)
书桌上的那本书很有趣，其封面是红色的。
He passed this test, as we expected.正如我们所预览的那样，他通过了这次考试。(as 作宾语)
【高考连线】（2026贵州模拟）they are recording and collecting digital images of cultural relics from the Mogao Caves,_______were a key stop along the Silk Road throughout China’s ancient history.
解析：此空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词Mogao Caves，作定语从句的主语，故填which。
句意：他们正在记录和收集来自莫高窟的文物的数字图像，莫高窟是整个中国古代历史上丝绸之路沿线的一个关键站点。
【高考连线】(2025嘉兴一模)Of course,there's the word Chifa,________describes Chinese-Peruvian fusion food as well as the restaurants that sell it.
解析：空处引导非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词Chifa是物，故填which。
句意：当然，有“Chifa”这个词，用来形容融合了中国和秘鲁特色的食物，以及卖这种食物的餐馆。
4.关系副词where ,when在非限定性定语从句中的用法
Luoyang is a beautiful ancient city with a long history, where(=in which) you can enjoy a variety of delicious foods and charming scenery.洛阳一座历史悠久的美丽古城，你可以品尝各科美食和欣赏迷人的风景。
(先行词为city,where在从句中作地点状语)
His father was in the year of 1949, when (=in which) the New China was founded.(先行词为the year of 1949, 用when引导，作时间状语) 他的父亲出生在1949年，那正是新中国成立的那一年。
5.名词/不定代词/数词 +of whom /which在非限定性定语从句中的用法
Tom told us a story in English, the meaning of which I couldn’t completely.汤姆用英语给我们讲了个故事，
我不能完全理解它的意思。（名词+介词+关系代词which, 先行词story 指物，用which,作宾语）
He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. 他深深地爱着他的父母，他们俩待他都很好。
In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad. 篮子里有好些苹果，有些已经坏了。
There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.
Up to now, he has written ten stories, three of which are about country life.
6.as 和which 引导非限制性定语从句区别：
① as 和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语，代表前面整个句子。如：
Mary married Mike, as / which was unexpecting. (作主语) 玛丽嫁给了迈克，这是没有预料到的。He is honest, as / which we can see. (作宾语) 他很诚实， 这一点我们看得出来。
2. as 引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至还可以分割主句。 which 引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后。另外，as 常常有“正如、正像”的含义。如：
As is known to all, China is a developing country. 众所周知，中国是发展中国家。
He is from the south, as we can know from his accent. 他是南方人，这一点我们从他的口音可以知道。
Zhang Hua has been to Paris more than ten times, which I don’t believe. 张华已去过巴黎十多次了，这一点我不相信。
注意：当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时，关系词往往只用which。如：
Tom was late for school again and again, which made his teacher very angry. 汤姆老是迟到，这使得老师很恼火。
These tables are made of metal, which made them very heavy. 这些桌子是金属的，这使得这些桌子很重。
【高考连线】（2023贵州联考模拟）________is scheduled,the match will fall at 10:00 on Sunday at our school playground this weekend and I hope you can take an active part in it.
解析：关系代词(引导非限制性定语从句) 此处考查As引导的定语从句作主语，As指代主句的所有内容。考生可以按固定表达"as is scheduled"来记忆，故填As。
二、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别
限制性定语从句是先行词(即被修饰词)不可缺少的定语，限制性定语从句前不用逗号隔开，非限制性定语从句只是对先行词的附加说明，如果去掉，先行词所述对象仍很清楚，非限制性定语从句前常用逗号隔开。这里有两个例句及分析：
①Those who want to go camping please tell the monitor.想去野营的人请告诉班长。(定语从句who want to go camping在句中不可少，否则先行词those不知道指谁，也就变得无意义，因此它是限制性定语从句。)
②Football,which is a very interesting game,is played all over the world.足球风靡全世界，它是一项很有趣的运动。(定语从句which is a very interesting game只是对意义已很明确的football作一个补充说明，因此它是非限制性定语从句。)
注意：非限制性定语从句可以用关系代词which,who,whom,whose,as及介词+which/whom等引导，也可以用关系副词when,where引导，但不能用that引导。另外，非限制性定语从句中的关系代词或关系副词是不能省略的。
重要重点
when =at/in/during/on+which
where =in/at/on+which
why =for+which
how=in/by +which
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页）
HYPERLINK "http://21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)"21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)