Unit 4 Rules make for a better life 单元知识清单 冀教版新教材英语八年级下册

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名称 Unit 4 Rules make for a better life 单元知识清单 冀教版新教材英语八年级下册
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Unit 4 Rules make for a better life! 单元知识点梳理
一、重点单词
1. rule /ru l/ n. 规则;规定 v. 统治(复数:rules;短语:school rules 校规;follow the rules 遵守规则)
2. follow / f l / v. 跟随;遵守(第三人称单数:follows;短语:follow the instructions 听从指示)
3. obey / be / v. 服从;遵守(第三人称单数:obeys;短语:obey the law 遵守法律)
4. arrive / ra v/ v. 到达(第三人称单数:arrives;短语:arrive at/in 到达)
5. late /le t/ adj. 晚的;迟的 adv. 晚;迟(比较级:later;短语:arrive late 迟到)
6. hallway / h lwe / n. 走廊;过道(复数:hallways;短语:in the hallway 在走廊里)
7. classroom / klɑ sru m/ n. 教室(复数:classrooms;短语:in the classroom 在教室里)
8. fight /fa t/ v.&n. 打架;战斗(过去式/过去分词:fought;短语:fight with sb. 和某人打架)
9. quiet / kwa t/ adj. 安静的;轻声的(副词:quietly;短语:keep quiet 保持安静)
10. noisy / n zi/ adj. 吵闹的;喧闹的(比较级:noisier;反义词:quiet)
11. strict /str kt/ adj. 严格的;严厉的(短语:be strict with sb. 对某人严格)
12. allow / la / v. 允许;准许(第三人称单数:allows;短语:allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事)
13. wear /we (r)/ v. 穿;戴(过去式/过去分词:wore/worn;短语:wear a uniform 穿校服)
14. uniform / ju n f m/ n. 校服;制服(复数:uniforms;短语:school uniform 校服)
15. outside / a t sa d/ adv. 在外面 adj. 外面的(反义词:inside;短语:eat outside 在外面吃)
16. inside / n sa d/ adv. 在里面 adj. 里面的(反义词:outside;短语:stay inside 待在里面)
17. practice / pr kt s/ v.&n. 练习;实践(第三人称单数:practices;短语:practice the piano 练钢琴)
18. dish /d / n. 碟;盘(复数:dishes;短语:do the dishes 洗餐具)
19. before /b f (r)/ prep.&conj. 在……之前 adv. 以前(反义词:after;短语:before dinner 晚饭前)
20. after / ɑ ft (r)/ prep.&conj. 在……之后 adv. 以后(反义词:before;短语:after school 放学后)
21. dirty / d ti/ adj. 脏的(比较级:dirtier;反义词:clean;短语:dirty clothes 脏衣服)
22. clean /kli n/ adj. 干净的 v. 打扫(比较级:cleaner;反义词:dirty;短语:clean the room 打扫房间)
23. terrible / ter bl/ adj. 可怕的;糟糕的(副词:terribly;短语:a terrible day 糟糕的一天)
24. remember /r memb (r)/ v. 记住;记得(反义词:forget;短语:remember to do sth. 记得要做某事)
25. forget /f ɡet/ v. 忘记;遗忘(过去式/过去分词:forgot/forgotten;短语:forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事)
26. keep /ki p/ v. 保持;保留(过去式/过去分词:kept;短语:keep...clean 保持……干净)
27. must /m st/ modal v. 必须;一定(否定式:mustn’t;无变形)
28. have to /h v tu / modal phr. 不得不;必须(第三人称单数:has to;否定式:don’t have to)
29. should / d/ modal v. 应该;应当(否定式:shouldn’t;无变形)
30. quiet / kwa t/ adj. 安静的(副词:quietly;短语:be quiet 安静点)
二、重点短语
1. follow the rules 遵守规则
2. break the rules 违反规则
3. arrive late for... 迟到
4. on time 准时
5. in the hallway 在走廊里
6. fight with sb. 和某人打架
7. keep quiet 保持安静
8. be strict with sb. 对某人严格
9. wear a uniform 穿校服
10. practice the piano 练习钢琴
11. do the dishes 洗餐具
12. make one’s bed 整理床铺
13. keep...clean 保持……干净
14. have to 不得不;必须
15. must not 禁止;不许
16. should do sth. 应该做某事
17. no talking 禁止交谈
18. eat outside 在外面吃饭
19. listen to music 听音乐
20. watch TV 看电视
21. go out 外出
22. stay up late 熬夜
23. help with housework 帮忙做家务
24. be allowed to do sth. 被允许做某事
25. bring...to school 把……带到学校
26. take...outside 把……拿到外面
27. in class 在课堂上
28. after class 课后
29. on school nights 在上学日的晚上
30. make rules for 为……制定规则
三、重点句型
1. —What are the rules at your school
—We must arrive on time for class.
(—你们学校有什么规则?—我们必须准时到校上课。)
2. Don’t run in the hallways. It’s dangerous.
(不要在走廊里跑,很危险。)
3. You have to wear a uniform at school every day.
(你每天在学校必须穿校服。)
4. —Can we eat in the classroom
—No, we can’t. But we can eat in the dining hall.
(—我们可以在教室里吃东西吗?—不行,但我们可以在餐厅吃。)
5. My parents are strict with me. I have to finish my homework before watching TV.
(我父母对我很严格,我必须在看电视前完成作业。)
6. You should keep your room clean and tidy every day.
(你应该每天保持房间干净整洁。)
7. Remember to make your bed after you get up.
(起床后记得整理你的床铺。)
8. Don’t forget to do the dishes after dinner.
(晚饭后别忘了洗餐具。)
9. We aren’t allowed to listen to music in class.
(我们不被允许在课堂上听音乐。)
10. These rules are important because they help us live a better school life.
(这些规则很重要,因为它们帮助我们拥有更好的校园生活。)
四、重点词汇辨析
1. must & have to
词汇 含义与用法 例句
must 表主观上的“必须”,强调说话人的意愿或规定,否定式mustn’t表“禁止” I must study hard for the exam.(我必须为考试努力学习。) You mustn’t smoke here.(你不许在这里抽烟。)
have to 表客观上的“不得不”,强调外界的要求或压力,有人称和时态变化 She has to stay at home to look after her little sister.(她不得不待在家照顾妹妹。) We didn’t have to go to school last week.(上周我们不用上学。)
2. wear & put on & dress
词汇 含义与用法 例句
wear 表“穿着、戴着”,侧重状态,可与时间段连用 She wears a red dress every Sunday.(她每个周日都穿红裙子。)
put on 表“穿上、戴上”,侧重动作,不可与时间段连用 Put on your coat before going out.(出门前穿上你的外套。)
dress 表“给……穿衣服”,宾语通常是人,常构成dress sb.或get dressed短语 My mother is dressing my little brother.(我妈妈正在给我弟弟穿衣服。) Get dressed quickly, or we’ll be late.(快点穿衣服,不然我们要迟到了。)
3. allow & let
词汇 含义与用法 后接成分 例句
allow 表“允许”,语气较正式,可用于被动语态 allow sb. to do sth. Our teacher allows us to use dictionaries in class.(老师允许我们在课堂上用字典。) We aren’t allowed to run in the hall.(我们不被允许在走廊里跑。)
let 表“让、允许”,语气较口语化,不可用于被动语态 let sb. do sth. My father lets me watch TV for an hour every day.(爸爸每天让我看一小时电视。)
4. arrive & reach & get to
词汇 含义与用法 后接成分 例句
arrive 表“到达”,不及物动词,接大地点用in,接小地点用at arrive in/at + 地点 We arrived in Beijing yesterday.(我们昨天到北京了。) She arrives at school at 7:30 every day.(她每天7:30到校。)
reach 表“到达”,及物动词,直接接地点名词 reach + 地点 They reached the park at 9 o’clock.(他们9点到了公园。)
get to 表“到达”,口语化表达,接地点名词 get to + 地点 When did you get to the station (你什么时候到车站的?)
5. remember to do & remember doing
短语 含义与用法 例句
remember to do sth. 表“记得要做某事”,事情还未做 Remember to turn off the lights when you leave.(离开时记得关灯。)
remember doing sth. 表“记得做过某事”,事情已经做了 I remember meeting you at the school gate last week.(我记得上周在校门口见过你。)
五、重点语法
1. 祈使句(规则表达的核心句式)
含义:用于表达命令、请求、建议或禁止的句子,主语通常为you(常省略)。
句式结构:
① 肯定式:动词原形 + 其他
例:Keep quiet in the library.(在图书馆保持安静。)
② 否定式:Don’t + 动词原形 + 其他 / No + 名词/动名词
例:Don’t fight with your classmates.(不要和同学打架。)
No talking in class.(课堂上禁止交谈。)
回答方式:用OK, Sure, Sorry等回应,若要拒绝可用I’m afraid I can’t.
2. 情态动词must, have to, should的用法
must:表主观必须,否定式mustn’t表“禁止”,语气强硬
例:You must finish your homework first.(你必须先完成作业。)
You mustn’t play with fire.(你不许玩火。)
have to:表客观不得不,有人称和时态变化,否定式don’t have to表“不必”
例:He has to go to work on weekends.(他周末不得不上班。)
You don’t have to come early tomorrow.(你明天不必早来。)
should:表建议、责任或义务,语气委婉,否定式shouldn’t表“不应该”
例:You should help your parents with housework.(你应该帮父母做家务。)
You shouldn’t stay up late.(你不应该熬夜。)
3. allow的被动语态(be allowed to do sth.)
含义:表达“被允许做某事”,用于规则类话题中说明许可范围
句式结构:主语 + be (am/is/are) + allowed to do sth.
例:We are allowed to eat in the dining hall.(我们被允许在餐厅吃饭。)
She isn’t allowed to go out on school nights.(上学日的晚上她不被允许外出。)
六、写作指导(介绍规则/谈论规则的意义)
1. 写作结构(介绍学校/家庭规则)
部分 内容要点 常用表达
开头 点明主题,说明规则的存在及意义 My school has many rules to make our school life better. / There are some important rules in my family.
主体 分点介绍具体规则,可结合“必须做”“不许做”“应该做”三类展开,加入个人感受 First, we must... Second, we can’t... Also, we should... / I think these rules are helpful because...
结尾 总结规则的作用,表达对规则的看法 These rules help us be good students/family members. / I understand that rules are important for a better life.
2. 范文示例
My School Rules
My school has many strict but helpful rules to make our school life safe and orderly.
First, we must arrive at school on time every day. If we are late, we have to explain to our teacher. Second, we can’t run or fight in the hallways because it’s dangerous. We also can’t eat in the classroom; we have to eat in the dining hall. Third, we should wear our school uniforms from Monday to Friday. Our teacher says uniforms make us look like a team.
I used to think some rules were terrible, but now I understand they are important. These rules help us study better and stay safe. Rules make for a better school life, and I will follow them carefully.
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