Unit 5 Great inventions 单元知识点梳理
一、重点单词
1. invention / n ven n/ n. 发明;发明物(动词:invent 发明;名词:inventor 发明者;短语:great inventions 伟大的发明)
2. invent / n vent/ v. 发明;创造(名词形式:invention 发明物;inventor 发明者;短语:invent new things 发明新事物)
3. inventor / n vent (r)/ n. 发明者;发明家(动词:invent 发明;短语:a famous inventor 一位著名的发明家)
4. paper / pe p (r)/ n. 纸;纸张(短语:paper-making 造纸术;a piece of paper 一张纸)
5. printing / pr nt / n. 印刷术(动词:print 印刷;短语:block printing 活字印刷)
6. gunpowder / ɡ npa d (r)/ n. 火药(不可数名词;短语:invent gunpowder 发明火药)
7. compass / k mp s/ n. 指南针;罗盘(短语:use a compass 使用指南针)
8. computer /k m pju t (r)/ n. 计算机;电脑(短语:play on the computer 玩电脑;computer game 电脑游戏)
9. telephone / tel f n/ n. 电话 v. 打电话(短语:make a telephone call 打电话;mobile telephone 手机)
10. television / tel v n/ n. 电视;电视机(缩写:TV;短语:watch television 看电视)
11. wheel /wi l/ n. 轮子;车轮(短语:invent the wheel 发明轮子;car wheel 车轮)
12. light bulb /la t b lb/ n. 电灯泡(发明者:Thomas Edison;短语:light up a bulb 点亮灯泡)
13. create /kri e t/ v. 创造;创作(名词:creation 创造;creative 有创造力的;短语:create new ideas 创造新想法)
14. develop /d vel p/ v. 发展;开发(名词:development 发展;短语:develop into 发展成为)
15. spread /spred/ v. 传播;扩散(过去式/过去分词:spread;短语:spread to other countries 传播到其他国家)
16. use /ju z/ v. 使用;利用 /ju s/ n. 用途;用法(形容词:useful 有用的;短语:be used for 被用来做)
17. daily / de li/ adj. 日常的;每日的(短语:daily life 日常生活;daily use 日常使用)
18. important / m p tnt/ adj. 重要的(名词:importance 重要性;短语:an important invention 一项重要的发明)
19. useful / ju sfl/ adj. 有用的(动词:use 使用;反义词:useless 无用的;短语:a useful tool 一个有用的工具)
20. helpful / helpfl/ adj. 有帮助的(动词:help 帮助;短语:a helpful invention 一项有帮助的发明)
21. history / h stri/ n. 历史;历史学(形容词:historical 历史的;短语:ancient history 古代历史)
22. ancient / e n nt/ adj. 古代的;古老的(反义词:modern 现代的;短语:ancient China 古代中国)
23. modern / m dn/ adj. 现代的;近代的(反义词:ancient 古代的;短语:modern technology 现代科技)
24. improve / m pru v/ v. 改进;改善(名词:improvement 改进;短语:improve one’s life 改善某人的生活)
25. change /t e nd / v.&n. 改变;变化(短语:change the world 改变世界;great changes 巨大变化)
26. note /n t/ n. 笔记;便条 v. 记录;注意(短语:take notes 记笔记;note down 记下)
27. touch /t t / v. 触摸;接触 n. 联系(短语:keep in touch 保持联系;touch screen 触摸屏)
28. Internet / nt net/ n. 互联网;因特网(短语:on the Internet 在网上;surf the Internet 上网)
29. direction /d rek n/ n. 方向;方位(形容词:direct 直接的;短语:show directions 指明方向)
30. difference / d fr ns/ n. 差异;不同(形容词:different 不同的;短语:make a difference 有影响;起作用)
二、重点短语
1. great inventions 伟大的发明
2. ancient inventions 古代发明
3. modern inventions 现代发明
4. four great inventions 四大发明
5. be used for 被用来做……
6. come from 来自;起源于
7. in daily life 在日常生活中
8. make a difference 有影响;起作用
9. change the world 改变世界
10. at first 起初;首先
11. spread to 传播到
12. develop into 发展成为
13. work on 从事;致力于
14. think of 想起;认为
15. according to 根据;按照
16. such as 例如;比如
17. all over the world 全世界
18. take notes 记笔记
19. keep in touch 保持联系
20. on the Internet 在互联网上
21. mobile phone 移动电话;手机
22. light up 点亮;照亮
23. in history 在历史上
24. a long time ago 很久以前
25. new technology 新技术
municate with 与……交流
27. search for 搜索;查找
28. play a role 发挥作用;有影响
29. daily use 日常使用
30. famous inventor 著名发明家
三、重点句型
1. —What’s your favorite invention
—My favorite invention is the computer because it helps me study and relax.
(—你最喜欢的发明是什么?—我最喜欢的发明是电脑,因为它帮助我学习和放松。)
2. The four great inventions of ancient China are paper-making, printing, gunpowder and the compass.
(中国古代的四大发明是造纸术、印刷术、火药和指南针。)
3. The compass was invented in ancient China. It is used for showing directions.
(指南针是在中国古代发明的,它被用来指明方向。)
4. Inventions have changed our daily lives greatly over the years.
(这些年来,发明极大地改变了我们的日常生活。)
5. —When was the telephone invented
—It was invented in 1876 by Alexander Graham Bell.
(—电话是什么时候发明的?—它是1876年由亚历山大·格雷厄姆·贝尔发明的。)
6. The Internet is used by millions of people all over the world to communicate and get information.
(全世界数百万人使用互联网来交流和获取信息。)
7. At first, the wheel was used for carrying heavy things. Now it is an important part of many vehicles.
(起初,轮子被用来搬运重物。现在它是许多交通工具的重要部分。)
8. Without great inventions, our world would be very different.
(没有伟大的发明,我们的世界会大不相同。)
9. Can you think of any other inventions that have changed the world
(你能想到其他改变世界的发明吗?)
10. We should thank the inventors for their hard work and creative ideas.
(我们应该感谢发明者的辛勤工作和创意。)
四、重点词汇辨析
1. invention, invent & inventor
词汇 词性与含义 用法区别 例句
invention n. 发明物;发明(指具体的发明成果) 作主语、宾语,表事物 The computer is a wonderful invention.(电脑是一项很棒的发明。)
invent v. 发明;创造(指创造出前所未有的事物) 作谓语,后接具体事物 Edison invented the light bulb in 1879.(爱迪生在1879年发明了电灯泡。)
inventor n. 发明者;发明家(指从事发明的人) 作主语、宾语,表人物 Alexander Graham Bell is a famous inventor.(亚历山大·格雷厄姆·贝尔是一位著名的发明家。)
2. be used for, be used as & be used by
词汇 含义与用法 后接成分 例句
be used for 表示“被用来做某事”,强调用途 动名词(doing) The knife is used for cutting things.(刀被用来切东西。)
be used as 表示“被用作……”,强调被当作某种工具或物品使用 名词 English is used as a second language in many countries.(在许多国家,英语被用作第二语言。)
be used by 表示“被……使用”,强调使用者 人或组织的名词/代词 This machine is used by workers in the factory.(这台机器被工厂里的工人使用。)
3. create, make & invent
词汇 含义与用法 例句
create 侧重“创造出原本不存在的事物”,强调创意和原创性 Artists create beautiful paintings.(艺术家创作出美丽的画作。)
make 侧重“制作、制造”,将原材料加工成物品,也可指制造普通物品 My mother makes delicious food every day.(我妈妈每天做美味的食物。)
invent 侧重“发明”,指创造出前所未有的新工具、新设备或新方法 The Wright brothers invented the airplane.(莱特兄弟发明了飞机。)
4. ancient & modern
词汇 含义与用法 反义词 例句
ancient 指“古代的、古老的”,通常指距离现在很久远的时期 modern We can learn a lot from ancient Chinese culture.(我们可以从中国古代文化中学到很多。)
modern 指“现代的、近代的”,指当前或距离现在较近的时期 ancient Modern technology makes our lives more convenient.(现代科技让我们的生活更便捷。)
5. such as & for example
词汇 含义与用法 用法区别 例句
such as 用来列举同类人或事物中的几个例子,后接名词、代词或动名词,不用逗号隔开 列举部分例子,不单独成句 I like many fruits, such as apples, bananas and oranges.(我喜欢很多水果,比如苹果、香蕉和橙子。)
for example 用来举例说明某一论点或情况,一般只举一个例子,可放在句首、句中或句末,常用逗号隔开 列举单个例子,可单独成句 Many inventions have changed our lives. For example, the Internet helps us get information easily.(许多发明改变了我们的生活。例如,互联网帮助我们轻松获取信息。)
五、重点语法
1. 一般过去时的被动语态(核心语法:介绍发明的起源)
含义:表示过去某一时间被别人完成的动作,常用来介绍发明的发明者、发明时间。
基本结构:主语 + was/were + 动词的过去分词 + (by + 动作执行者)
当主语是单数时,用was;主语是复数时,用were。
例句:
① The telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876.(电话是1876年由亚历山大·格雷厄姆·贝尔发明的。)
② The four great inventions were created by ancient Chinese people.(四大发明是由中国古代人民创造的。)
否定形式:主语 + was/were + not + 动词的过去分词 + (by + 动作执行者)
例:The light bulb was not invented by a Chinese inventor.(电灯泡不是由中国发明家发明的。)
一般疑问句:Was/Were + 主语 + 动词的过去分词 + (by + 动作执行者)
例:Was the compass invented in ancient China (指南针是在中国古代发明的吗?)
2. 现在完成时(描述发明对现在的影响)
含义:表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,常用来描述发明如何改变我们现在的生活。
基本结构:主语 + have/has + 动词的过去分词
主语是第一、二人称或复数时,用have;主语是第三人称单数时,用has。
常用时间状语:already, yet, ever, never, over the years, since then等
例句:
① Inventions have changed our daily lives greatly over the years.(这些年来,发明极大地改变了我们的日常生活。)
② The Internet has made it easier for us to keep in touch with friends.(互联网让我们和朋友保持联系变得更容易。)
3. 疑问词引导的特殊疑问句(询问发明相关信息)
核心疑问词:what(什么发明)、when(发明时间)、who(发明者)、why(喜欢的原因)、how(发明的作用)
典型句型:
① What is the most important invention in history (历史上最重要的发明是什么?)
② When was the first computer invented (第一台电脑是什么时候发明的?)
③ Who invented the mobile phone (谁发明了手机?)
④ Why do you think the compass is important (你为什么认为指南针很重要?)
回答特点:根据疑问词的不同,针对性回答具体信息,避免答非所问。
4. 介词for, as, by的用法(与被动语态搭配)
for:表示用途,后接动名词,构成“be used for doing sth.”结构,说明某物的功能。
例:The pen is used for writing.(钢笔是用来写字的。)
as:表示身份或用途,后接名词,构成“be used as sth.”结构,说明某物被当作什么使用。
例:The box is used as a table.(这个盒子被用作桌子。)
by:表示动作的执行者,后接人或组织,构成“be used by sb.”结构,说明某物被谁使用。
例:This book is used by middle school students.(这本书被中学生使用。)
六、写作指导(介绍一项伟大的发明)
1. 写作结构(介绍最喜欢的发明)
部分 内容要点 常用表达
开头 点明自己最喜欢的发明,总述对该发明的整体评价 My favorite invention is the mobile phone. It is one of the most useful modern inventions in the world.
主体 介绍发明的基本信息(发明时间、发明者)、主要用途,结合生活说明其带来的便利 The first mobile phone was invented by Martin Cooper in 1973. Now, we can use it to make calls, send messages, take photos, and even shop on the Internet. It helps us keep in touch with our friends and family easily no matter where we are.
结尾 总结发明的影响,表达对发明者的感谢或对未来发明的期待 The mobile phone has changed our lives a lot. I am grateful to the inventor for creating such a wonderful thing. I hope more great inventions will make our future better.
2. 范文示例
My Favorite Invention
My favorite invention is the Internet. It is a great modern invention that has changed the world completely.
The Internet was developed in the 1960s at first, and it became popular all over the world in the 1990s. Now, almost everyone uses it in daily life. We can use the Internet to do many things: we can search for information to help with our study, we can communicate with friends and family through video calls even if they are far away, and we can also watch movies, listen to music or shop online at home.
Before the Internet, people had to go to libraries to look for information, and it took a lot of time. Now, we can get what we need in just a few seconds. The Internet has made our lives more convenient and colorful.
I think the Internet is one of the most important inventions in history. It connects people from all over the world and makes the world a smaller place. I am really thankful for this great invention, and I believe it will keep improving our lives in the future.