Unit 8 Natural disasters 单元知识清单 冀教版新教材英语八年级下册

文档属性

名称 Unit 8 Natural disasters 单元知识清单 冀教版新教材英语八年级下册
格式 docx
文件大小 91.0KB
资源类型 教案
版本资源 冀教版
科目 英语
更新时间 2026-03-13 00:00:00

图片预览

文档简介

Unit 8 Natural disasters 单元知识点梳理
一、重点单词
1. earthquake / θkwe k/ n. 地震(短语:an earthquake 一场地震;hit by an earthquake 遭受地震)
2. flood /fl d/ n. 洪水 v. 淹没(短语:a big flood 一场大洪水;flood the village 淹没村庄)
3. typhoon /ta fu n/ n. 台风(短语:strong typhoon 强台风;typhoon warning 台风预警)
4. tornado /t ne d / n. 龙卷风(短语:a violent tornado 猛烈的龙卷风)
5. tsunami /tsu nɑ mi/ n. 海啸(短语:tsunami wave 海啸浪)
6. fire / fa (r)/ n. 火灾;火(短语:forest fire 森林火灾;catch fire 着火)
7. shake / e k/ v. 摇晃;震动(过去式/过去分词:shook/shaken;短语:shake strongly 剧烈摇晃)
8. destroy /d str / v. 摧毁;毁灭(过去式/过去分词:destroyed;短语:destroy houses 摧毁房屋)
9. damage / d m d / v.&n. 损害;损坏(短语:cause damage 造成损害;damage the road 损坏道路)
10. fall /f l/ v. 倒塌;落下(过去式/过去分词:fell/fallen;短语:fall down 倒塌;fall off 掉落)
11. escape / ske p/ v.&n. 逃脱;逃离(现在分词:escaping;短语:escape from 从……逃脱)
12. save /se v/ v. 拯救;节省(短语:save people 救人;save lives 挽救生命)
13. calm /kɑ m/ adj. 冷静的 v. 使平静(短语:stay calm 保持冷静;calm down 平静下来)
14. safe /se f/ adj. 安全的(名词:safety 安全;反义词:dangerous 危险的;短语:safe place 安全场所)
15. dangerous / de nd r s/ adj. 危险的(名词:danger 危险;反义词:safe 安全的;短语:dangerous situation 危险处境)
16. shelter / elt (r)/ n. 避难所;遮蔽物(短语:look for shelter 寻找避难所;emergency shelter 应急避难所)
17. warning / w n / n. 警告;警示(动词:warn 警告;短语:early warning 预警)
18. report /r p t/ v.&n. 报道;报告(短语:news report 新闻报道;report the disaster 报道灾害)
19. death /deθ/ n. 死亡(动词:die 死;形容词:dead 死的;短语:death toll 死亡人数)
20. hurt /h t/ v. 使受伤;疼痛(过去式/过去分词:hurt;短语:get hurt 受伤)
21. break /bre k/ v. 打破;断裂(过去式/过去分词:broke/broken;短语:break windows 打破窗户)
22. noise /n z/ n. 噪音;喧闹声(形容词:noisy 吵闹的;短语:loud noise 巨大的噪音)
23. storm /st m/ n. 暴风雨(形容词:stormy 暴风雨的;短语:rainstorm 暴雨)
24. direction /d rek n/ n. 方向(短语:in all directions 四面八方;right direction 正确方向)
25. cover / k v (r)/ v. 覆盖;遮蔽 n. 盖子(短语:cover with 用……覆盖;take cover 躲避)
26. power / pa (r)/ n. 电力;力量(短语:power cut 停电;lose power 断电)
27. road /r d/ n. 道路(短语:blocked road 被堵塞的道路;clear the road 清理道路)
28. help /help/ v.&n. 帮助(短语:ask for help 求助;help each other 互相帮助)
29. prepare /pr pe (r)/ v. 准备(短语:prepare for 为……做准备;be prepared 做好准备)
30. magnitude / m ɡn tju d/ n. 震级(短语:magnitude 5 earthquake 5级地震)
二、重点短语
1. natural disaster 自然灾害
2. hit by an earthquake 遭受地震
3. strong typhoon 强台风
4. forest fire 森林火灾
5. shake strongly 剧烈摇晃
6. fall down 倒塌
7. escape from 从……逃脱
8. stay calm 保持冷静
9. look for shelter 寻找避难所
10. stay away from 远离
11. ask for help 求助
12. save lives 挽救生命
13. cause damage 造成损害
14. in all directions 四面八方
15. heavy rain 大雨
16. power cut 停电
17. early warning 预警
18. news report 新闻报道
19. get hurt 受伤
20. calm down 平静下来
21. take cover 躲避
22. blocked road 被堵塞的道路
23. dangerous situation 危险处境
24. safety rules 安全规则
25. flood the village 淹没村庄
26. lose power 断电
27. help each other 互相帮助
28. typhoon warning 台风预警
29. emergency shelter 应急避难所
30. prepare for disasters 为灾害做准备
三、重点句型
1. —What natural disaster happened in your hometown last year
—A big flood hit our town and many houses were destroyed.
(—去年你的家乡发生了什么自然灾害?—一场大洪水袭击了我们的小镇,很多房屋被摧毁了。)
2. When the earthquake started, I was reading a book in my bedroom.
(地震发生的时候,我正在卧室里看书。)
3. People were running in all directions when the tornado came.
(龙卷风来的时候,人们正往四面八方跑。)
4. You should stay away from tall buildings and trees when there's a typhoon.
(台风来的时候,你应该远离高楼和树木。)
5. It's important to keep calm and look for a safe place during an earthquake.
(地震中保持冷静并寻找安全的地方是很重要的。)
6. The heavy rain caused a flood and many people had to move to shelters.
(大雨引发了洪水,很多人不得不搬到避难所。)
7. —Did anyone get hurt in the fire
—Luckily, no one was seriously hurt.
(—火灾中有人受伤吗?—幸运的是,没有人受重伤。)
8. When the power cut happened, we were having dinner in the restaurant.
(停电发生的时候,我们正在餐厅吃晚饭。)
9. Remember to close all the windows and doors before the typhoon arrives.
(记得在台风来临前关上所有的门窗。)
10. The news report said that the typhoon would hit the coast tomorrow morning.
(新闻报道说台风明天早上会袭击海岸。)
四、重点词汇辨析
1. happen & take place
词汇 词性与含义 用法区别 例句
happen v. 发生;碰巧 指偶然、意外的发生,常与to连用 A car accident happened on the road yesterday.(昨天路上发生了一场车祸。) I happened to meet my teacher in the street.(我碰巧在街上遇到了我的老师。)
take place v. 发生;举行 指有计划、有安排的发生,或必然发生的事 The school sports meeting will take place next week.(学校运动会下周举行。) Great changes have taken place in our city in recent years.(近年来我们城市发生了巨大的变化。)
2. destroy & damage
词汇 含义与用法 例句
destroy v. 摧毁;毁灭,指彻底破坏,无法修复 The earthquake destroyed most of the old houses in the village.(地震摧毁了村里的大部分老房子。)
damage v.&n. 损害;损坏,指部分损坏,可修复 The storm damaged the roof of the house, but we can fix it.(暴风雨损坏了屋顶,但我们可以修好它。)
3. safe & safely & safety
词汇 含义与用法 词性 例句
safe adj. 安全的,修饰名词或作表语 形容词 It's safe to stay under a strong desk during an earthquake.(地震时待在坚固的桌子下是安全的。)
safely adv. 安全地,修饰动词 副词 The children arrived home safely after the flood.(洪水过后孩子们安全到家了。)
safety n. 安全,指安全状态或场所 名词 We must follow the safety rules in a natural disaster.(在自然灾害中我们必须遵守安全规则。)
4. escape & run away
词汇 含义与用法 用法区别 例句
escape v.&n. 逃脱;逃离,侧重从危险、困境中逃出 后常接from,强调脱离危险 The cat escaped from the burning house.(猫从着火的房子里逃了出来。)
run away v. 跑开;逃走,侧重动作本身,不一定有危险背景 后可接from,也可单独使用 When he saw the dog, he ran away quickly.(他看到狗就赶紧跑开了。)
5. should & must
词汇 含义与用法 语气区别 例句
should 情态动词,表建议、应该,语气较委婉 委婉建议 You should keep calm when you are in a natural disaster.(遇到自然灾害时你应该保持冷静。) You should listen to the teacher's instructions.(你应该听从老师的指示。)
must 情态动词,表必须、务必,语气强烈,强调义务或必要性 强烈要求 You must stay away from the river during the flood.(洪水期间你必须远离河流。) We must follow the safety rules at all times.(我们任何时候都必须遵守安全规则。)
五、重点语法
1. 过去进行时(描述灾害发生时的动作)
含义:表示过去某个时刻或时间段内正在进行的动作,常用来描述自然灾害发生时人们的状态。
句式结构:
肯定句:主语 + was/were + 动词-ing + 其他
否定句:主语 + was/were + not + 动词-ing + 其他
一般疑问句:Was/Were + 主语 + 动词-ing + 其他?
常用时间状语:when, while, at 8 o'clock last night, at that moment等
例句:
① When the earthquake started, my mother was cooking in the kitchen.(地震发生时,我妈妈正在厨房做饭。)
② While we were watching TV, the power cut happened.(我们正在看电视的时候,停电了。)
2. 一般过去时(描述灾害发生的过程)
含义:表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,用来描述自然灾害的具体事件和结果。
句式结构:
肯定句:主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他
否定句:主语 + didn't + 动词原形 + 其他
一般疑问句:Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?
常用时间状语:yesterday, last week, in 2023, just now等
例句:
① A big flood hit the town last summer.(去年夏天一场大洪水袭击了这个小镇。)
② The fire destroyed three houses in the village.(大火烧毁了村里的三栋房子。)
3. 情态动词should表建议(自救指导)
含义:情态动词`should`用来提出自然灾害中的自救建议,语气委婉,表达“应该”“应当”。
句式结构:主语 + should + 动词原形 + 其他
否定形式:主语 + shouldn't + 动词原形 + 其他
例句:
① You should stay under a strong desk during an earthquake.(地震时你应该待在坚固的桌子下。)
② You shouldn't run in all directions when a disaster happens.(灾害发生时你不应该往四面八方跑。)
4. 感叹句(描述灾害的严重性)
含义:用来表达对自然灾害严重性的惊讶、感叹情绪。
常用结构:
① What + (a/an) + 形容词 + 名词 + 主语 + 谓语!
② How + 形容词/副词 + 主语 + 谓语!
例句:
① What a terrible typhoon it is!(多么可怕的台风啊!)
② How strongly the house is shaking!(房子摇晃得多么剧烈啊!)
六、写作指导(描述自然灾害经历/介绍自救知识)
1. 写作结构(描述一次自然灾害经历)
部分 内容要点 常用表达
开头 点明灾害类型、发生时间和地点,总述事件整体情况 Last Thursday evening, a small earthquake hit our city. I will never forget that scary moment.
主体 描述灾害发生时的场景、自身感受、人们的反应,以及采取的自救措施,加入细节(声音、动作、心情) When I was doing homework, the desk shook strongly. I felt scared at first, but then I remembered the safety rules and hid under my desk. My parents called me to stay calm until the shaking stopped.
结尾 总结事件结果、自身感受,或给出自然灾害自救建议 Luckily, no one was hurt. This experience taught me that learning safety rules is very important. We must be prepared for natural disasters.
2. 范文示例
A Scary Earthquake Experience
Last Thursday evening, I was doing my math homework in my bedroom when suddenly the desk started shaking. At first, I thought it was my little brother playing a trick. But soon, the floor shook more strongly, and I heard a loud crash from the living room.
I realized it was an earthquake! My heart beat fast and I felt terrified. I remembered my teacher's words: stay calm and find a safe place. I quickly ran to the corner and hid under my desk. My parents shouted from the next room, "Don't run! Stay under something strong!"
The shaking lasted about one minute, but it felt like an hour. When it stopped, we slowly came out and turned on the TV. The news said it was a 3.5-magnitude earthquake, and no one was hurt in our city.
This experience made me understand the importance of safety rules. We should always remember what to do during natural disasters. Even small disasters can be scary, but if we stay calm and follow the rules, we can keep ourselves safe.
同课章节目录