(共42张PPT)
01
专题一 名词
考点一: 名词的分类(每年必考)
1. 定义: 名词(Noun)是表示人、 事物、 地点及抽
象概念的名称。
2. 分类
(1)普通名词: 表示一类人或事物的通用名称。可分
为集体、 个体、 物质和抽象名词。
①集体名词
表示一群人或事物的集合, 如 family(家庭)、 team
(团队)、 people(人们)。
②个体名词
表示单个的人或事物, 如teacher(教师), pen
(笔), book(书)等。
③物质名词
表示物质或材料, 通常是不可数的, 如 air(空气)、
gold(黄金)、 rice(米饭)。
④抽象名词
表示抽象概念, 如 love(爱)、 happiness(幸福)、
freedom(自由)。
(2)专有名词: 表示特定的人、 地点、 机构等, 首
字母必须大写, 如 China(中国)、 Tom(汤姆)、
Sunday(星期日)。
单项选择。
( B )1. —I want to buy a for my sister as
her birthday gift.
—OK. I know she likes taking photos best.
A. scarf B. camera C. flower
B
( A )2. —Don’t make a in your bedroom, Amy.
—Sorry, Dad. I will put away my things after finishing
my homework.
A. mess B. noise C. joke
A
( B )3. —Where’s Grandma?
—She’s in the preparing dinner for us.
A. library B. kitchen C. bookstore
( B )4. —Mom, I don’t know what to wear to
the party. Could you give me a ?
—OK. Let me see.
A. study B. suggestion C. sign
B
B
( C )5. Everybody is born with to learn,
but good habits are more important.
A. agreement B. secret C. ability
C
( A )6. —In China, we use red paper for
hongbao because red means good luck.
—That’s interesting. I’d like to know more about
Chinese .
A. customs B. buildings C. dishes
A
( B )7. Pandas are the symbol of peace and
friendship. They are China’s national .
A. heroes B. treasures C. guests
( A )8. —Do you have this T-shirt in a small
?
—I’m afraid not. It only comes in medium.
A. size B. color C. material
B
A
( C )9. —Nowadays more and more foreigners
are becoming interested in Beijing Opera.
—That’s true. It’s an important part of Chinese .
A. custom B. invention C. culture
C
( A )10. —How is the today?
—It’s hot. You don’t need to wear the coat.
A. weather B. traffic C. price
A
考点二: 名词的数(短文填空每年一道)
可数名词
1. 定义: 能按照个数计算的普通名词叫可数名词。可
数名词有单数(1)和复数(≥2)两种形式。
2. 名词复数有规则变化和不规则变化。
(1)规则变化如下:
①一般情况, 加-s。如: books, dogs, days,
trees等。
②单词以s, x, ch, sh结尾, 加-es。如: classes,
watches, boxes, brushes等。
③单词以 “辅音字母+y” 结尾, 将y变i, 加-es。
如: stories, cities, families, babies等。
④单词以 “元音字母+y” 结尾, 加-s。如: boys,
keys, holidays等。
⑤以o结尾, 加-s或-es。如: heroes, potatoes,
tomatoes, mangoes, radios, videos等。
口诀: 英雄爱吃芒果、 土豆、 西红柿。
⑥一些单词以f或fe结尾, 把f、 fe变成v加-es或直接加
-s。如: thief—thieves, wife—wives, half—halves,
leaf—leaves, knife—knives, shelf—shelves, wolf—
wolves, life—lives, roof—roofs.
口诀: 贼的妻子拿着半叶刀向架子上的狼刺去, 了结
了狼的命。
(2)不规则变化如下:
①元音字母变化, 或加后缀。 如: man—men,
woman—women, child—children, foot—feet,
mouse—mice, tooth—teeth等。
口诀: 男人女人孩子的脚踩住了老鼠的牙。
②“某国人” 单复数变化规则。
“中日不变”: Chinese—Chinese, Japanese—Japanese
“英法变”: Englishman—Englishmen, Frenchman—Frenchmen
“其他加-s”: American—Americans, German—
Germans
口诀: 中日不变, 英法变, 其他加-s.
③特殊的复数形式
单复数同形。如: deer, sheep, fish, Chinese,
Japanese等。
口诀: 中国人和日本人都爱护羊和鹿, 都爱吃鱼。
注意: fish表示鱼的种类时复数形式fishes, 不强调种
类时, 单复数同形。
如: There are many kinds of fishes.
有些名词是复数名词, 没有单数形式。如: people,
clothes, trousers, police, glasses。
口诀: 人们都需要衣服和裤子, 有些警察需要眼镜。
④复合名词的复数形式
“名词+名词” 构成复合名词, 只需将第二个名词变
复数。
apple tree—apple trees
a boy student—boy students
man, woman 修饰复数名词, 将man和woman 以及
中心词都变为复数。
a woman doctor—women doctors
a man teacher—men teachers
sport和其他名词构成词组时, 习惯上用复数形式
sports。
sports shoes a sports hat
不可数名词
1. 不可数名词没有复数形式, 它包括抽象名词和物质
名词。
抽象名词: advice, English, news, traffic等。
物质名词: beef, rice, water, paper等。
2. 计量方式
不可数名词也可以量化, 但需借助量词表示数量:
单数: a piece of news(一条新闻)、 a cup of tea(一
杯茶)。
复数: two pieces of news(两条新闻)、 three cups of
tea(三杯茶)。
Ⅰ. 单项选择。
( A )1. —We haven’t got any meat for dinner.
Let’s buy some .
—Good idea.
A. chicken B. eggs C. bananas
A
( C )2. —Are you thirsty?
—Yes, please give us .
A. three bottle water
B. three bottles of waters
C. three bottles of water
( B )3. There are four in the class.
A. Japaneses B. Japanese C. Japan
C
B
( A )4. —Betty, you’d better follow the doctor’s
and do more exercise.
—I will. Thank you.
A. advice
B. agreement
C. information
A
Ⅱ. 用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. My two brothers are both (policeman).
2. According to Ma, they revised(修正) the letter
several (time) and spent one week
completing the final edition.
policemen
times
3. The hospital has also donated over 100 cartoon
(book) about TCM to help draw children’s attention to herbal medicine.
4. Historically, Xi’ an has always been a city of art,
industry and business that have placed it far in front of
many other (city).
books
cities
5. Three (day) later, I made it to the top.
It was a beautiful day and I had a perfect view of
everything around me.
6. Qi Jiguang is one of the greatest national
(hero) in China. We will remember him forever.
days
heroes
考点三: 名词所有格
1. ’s 所有格(主要用于有生命的名词)
单数名词: 加 ’s, 如 Tom’s book(汤姆的书)。
复数名词以s结尾: 加 ’, 如 the students’ classroom
(学生们的教室)。
复数名词不以s结尾: 加 ’s, 如 children’s toys(孩子
们的玩具)。
共同拥有vs. 各自拥有:
共同拥有: 仅最后一个名词加 ’s: Tina and Nina’s
room(蒂娜和尼娜共有的房间)。
各自拥有: 每个名词后加 ’s: Tina’s and Nina’s rooms
(蒂娜和尼娜各自的房间)。
2. of 所有格(主要用于无生命的名词), 放在被修饰
名词的后面。
the door of the room(房间的门), the name of the
film (电影的名字)
3. 双重所有格(强调 “部分关系”)
结构: a/an/this/that+名词+of+名词所有格/名词性物
主代词:
a friend of his(他的一位朋友), this photo of Tom’s
(汤姆的这张照片)。
4. of所有格与双重所有格的对比
结构 含义 示例
of 所有格 强调 “所属关系”(无生命物体) the leg of the desk
(桌腿)
双重所
有格 强调 “部分关系”(某人的一部分) a friend of my
mother’s(我妈妈的
一位朋友)
5. 拓展
a photo of my father(照片上是我父亲本人) a photo
of my father’s(我父亲拥有的一张照片)
记忆口诀: 名词所有格,’s表所属; 共有最后加’s, 各
自都要加’s; 无生命用of, 双重所有格表部分。
Ⅰ. 单项选择。
( C )1. —How far is it from Xiamen to Shenzhen?
—It’s only about three ride by the fastest high-
speed train.
A. hour B. hour’s C. hours’
C
( A )2. —Excuse me! Is this new house?
—Yes, it’s . Their parents bought it last September.
A. Lucy and Lily’s; theirs
B. Lucy’s and Lily’s; them
C. Lucy’s and Lily’s; theirs
A
( C )3. The librarian told her that she should
return the book to the library in time.
A. three day’s
B. three-days
C. three days’
C
Ⅱ. 用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. These are the (student) homework
notebooks. They take notes carefully every day.
2. The (girl) dresses are hanging in the
closet. She loves them a lot.
3. The shoes are the (doctor). I saw
him buy them in the shop.
students’
girl’s
doctor’s