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动词ing形式作定语和表语学案
(必修三U1 Festivals and celebrations)
教学重点 · -ing 表主动、进行、事物令人……,-ed 表被动、完成、人感到……,作定语均 “单个前置,短语后置”,作表语分修饰事物 / 人。· 口诀:物令 - ing,人感 - ed;部分分词可形容词化,被动完成类 - ed 需用 well/highly 修饰。· 三类高频形容词化 - ed 为高考重点:情感、状态特征、心智态度类。
教学难点 · 表情 / 眼神等抽象名词用 - ed 表流露的情感,易误选 - ing。· 被动完成类 - ed 不可用 very 修饰;结合时间状语判断分词形式。· 同一词根分词在定语 / 表语中的不同用法区分。
一、核心知识点讲解
(一)作定语:修饰名词/代词,表性质、状态或动作
1. 现在分词(-ing)作定语
- 逻辑关系:被修饰词是动作的发出者(主动关系);或表示被修饰词的性质、特征(令人……的)。
- 单个分词:放于被修饰词前(如 a sleeping baby)。
- 分词短语:放于被修饰词后,相当于定语从句(如 the girl standing there = the girl who is standing there)。
2. 过去分词(-ed)作定语
- 逻辑关系:被修饰词是动作的承受者(被动关系);或表示被修饰词的状态(已完成、受影响的)。
- 位置规则:与-ing形式一致(单个放前,短语放后),如 a broken glass;the book written by Mo Yan = the book which was written by Mo Yan。
3. 核心区别(一句话记忆)
-ing表“主动、进行、令人……”;-ed表“被动、完成、感到……”。
(二)作表语:位于系动词(be/feel/look/sound等)后,表主语的状态/性质
1. 现在分词(-ing)作表语
- 主语特征:多为事物(或抽象名词),表“事物具有的性质”,译为“令人……的”。
- 例句:The question is confusing.
2. 过去分词(-ed)作表语
- 主语特征:多为人,表“人对事物的感受”,译为“感到……的”。
- 例句:We felt quite confused.
二、注意事项与易错点
易错点:“情感类动词”的-ing与-ed辨析(高考高频)
核心动词:interest/excite/amaze/bore/tire/frighten/disappoint/worry
- 口诀:物令-ing,人感-ed。
- 易错提醒:若主语是“表情、眼神、声音”等抽象名词,常用-ed表“流露的情感”,如 Her disappointed look /expression made us sad.
注意事项:部分分词的“形容词化”
有些-ing/-ed形式已完全形容词化,可被very/quite等副词修饰,如 very exciting、quite tired;但表“被动完成”的-ed(如 written/broken)不可被very修饰,需用well/highly等,如 a well-written book, a highly developed city。
高考高频形容词化-ed形式分类
1. 情感类(最常见)
· interesting / interested: 有趣的 / 感兴趣的
· disappointing / disappointed: 令人失望的 / 感到失望的
· exciting / excited: 令人激动的 / 感到激动的
· surprising / surprised: 令人惊讶的 / 感到惊讶的
· worrying / worried: 令人担忧的 / 感到担忧的
· frightening / frightened: 令人害怕的 / 感到害怕的
2. 状态特征类
· broken (破的)、closed (关着的)、opened (开着的)、 lost (丢失的/迷路的)、married (已婚的)、dressed (穿着...的)、faded (褪色的)、crowded (拥挤的)
3. 心智态度类
· determined (坚定的)、pleased (高兴的)、upset (沮丧的)、 contented (满足的)、troubled (烦恼的)
一、基础填空题
用所给动词的适当形式(-ing/-ed)填空。
1. The ________ (cry) baby was finally calmed down by his mother.
2. The bridge ________ (build) last year connects the two villages.
3. We visited a factory ________ (produce) mobile phones.
4. She has a lot of ________ (collect) stamps from different countries.
5. The ________ (surprise) news made everyone jump with joy.
6. The students ________ (invite) to the party are from Class 5.
7. Do you know the boy ________ (sit) by the window
8. This is a ________ (use) dictionary,not a new one.
9. The ________ (frighten) bird flew away quickly when it saw the cat.
10. I like the music ________ (play) on the radio just now.
二、提升填空题
用所给动词的适当形式(-ing/-ed)填空。
1. After the exam, the ________ (relax) students went to the park to have fun.
2. The problem ________ (discuss) at the meeting yesterday is very important.
3. The lecture was so ________ (inspire) that many students decided to work harder.
4. We met a group of tourists ________ (travel) around the world.
5. Her ________ (satisfy) smile showed that she was happy with the result.
6. The house ________ (face) the sea is my grandfather’s.
7. He is a man ________ (respect) by everyone in the community.
8. The film is so ________ (move) that I cried twice while watching it.
9. The car ________ (park) outside the shop belongs to my uncle.
10. The ________ (confuse) students asked the teacher to explain the grammar again.
三、翻译题
将下列句子翻译成英语,必须使用-ing或-ed形式作定语或表语。
1. 那个正在读英语的女孩是我们班的班长。
____________________________________________________________________________________
这是一部令人兴奋的电影,我们都感到很兴奋。
____________________________________________________________________________________
被损坏的电脑需要马上修理。
____________________________________________________________________________________
他对这个无聊的讲座感到很厌烦。
____________________________________________________________________________________
墙上挂着的那幅画是我父亲画的。
____________________________________________________________________________________
四、高考真题精选
1. (2025 新高考Ⅰ卷) The park ________ (lie) at the foot of the mountain is a popular place for tourists.
2. (2024 全国甲卷) He felt ________ (encourage) by his teacher’s words and decided to try again.
3. (2023 新高考Ⅱ卷) The book ________ (write) in simple English is suitable for beginners.
4. (2023新高考I卷) Shanghai may be the ________ (recognize) home of the soup dumplings...
5. (2021 新高考Ⅰ卷) The students ________ (attend) the summer camp are from all over the country.
6. (2020 全国Ⅰ卷) The paintings ________ (show) in the museum are from the Tang Dynasty.
7. (2025 全国乙卷) The game was so ________ (challenge) that only a few players won.
8. (2024 新高考Ⅱ卷) She was ________ (shock) by the sudden news of her friend’s illness.
9. (2023 全国甲卷) The path ________ (lead) to the village is covered with snow in winter.
10. (2022 新高考Ⅰ卷) His ________ (disappoint) expression suggested that he failed the exam.
参考答案
(一)基础练习题答案+详解
1. crying(现在分词作定语,baby是cry的发出者,表主动、进行)
2. built(过去分词作定语,bridge是build的承受者,表被动、完成,由last year可知动作已完成)
3. producing(现在分词短语作定语,factory是produce的发出者,表主动)
4. collected(过去分词作定语,stamps是collect的承受者,表被动,“被收集的邮票”)
5. surprising(现在分词作定语,news是“令人惊讶的”,表事物的性质)
6. invited(过去分词短语作定语,students是invite的承受者,表被动)
7. sitting(现在分词短语作定语,boy是sit的发出者,表主动、进行)
8. used(过去分词形容词化,作定语,表“用过的”,修饰dictionary)
9. frightened(过去分词作定语,bird是“感到害怕的”,表主语的状态)
10. played(过去分词作定语,music是play的承受者,表被动、完成,由just now可知动作已完成)
(二)提升练习题答案+详解
1. relaxed(过去分词作定语,students是“感到放松的”,表人的感受)
2. discussed(过去分词短语作定语,problem是discuss的承受者,表被动、完成,由yesterday可知)
3. inspiring(现在分词作表语,lecture是“令人鼓舞的”,表事物的性质)
4. travelling(现在分词短语作定语,tourists是travel的发出者,表主动、进行)
5. satisfied(过去分词作定语,smile是“流露满足情绪的”,表状态)
6. facing(现在分词作定语,house是face的发出者,face为不及物动词,无被动形式)
7. respected(过去分词作定语,man是respect的承受者,表被动,“被大家尊敬的人”)
8. moving(现在分词作表语,film是“令人感动的”,表事物的性质)
9. parked(过去分词作定语,car是park的承受者,表被动、完成,“停在商店外的车”)
10. confused(过去分词作定语,students是“感到困惑的”,表人的感受)
(三)翻译题答案+详解
1. The girl reading English is the monitor of our class.(reading English:现在分词短语作定语,修饰girl,表主动、进行)
2. This is an exciting movie, and we are all excited about it.(exciting:现在分词作定语,修饰movie,表“令人兴奋的”;excited:过去分词作表语,表“我们感到兴奋的”)
3. The broken computer needs to be repaired at once.
(broken:过去分词作定语,修饰computer,表“被损坏的、处于损坏状态的”)
4. He felt bored with the boring lecture.
(bored:过去分词作表语,表“他感到厌烦的”;boring:现在分词作定语,修饰lecture,表“令人厌烦的”)
5. The picture hanging on the wall was painted by my father.
(hanging on the wall:现在分词短语作定语,修饰picture,表主动、进行;painted:过去分词作谓语的一部分,此处兼顾考点,定语部分用了-ing形式)
(四)高考真题专练答案+详解
1. lying(2025 新高考Ⅰ卷,现在分词作定语,park是lie的发出者,lie为不及物动词,无被动形式)
2. encouraged(2024 全国甲卷,过去分词作表语,he是“感到受鼓舞的”,表人的感受)
3. written(2023 新高考Ⅱ卷,过去分词作定语,book是write的承受者,表被动、完成)
4. recognized 作定语。修饰名词home(故乡),表示“被公认的”小笼包之乡,作前置定语。
5. attending(2021 新高考Ⅰ卷,现在分词作定语,students是attend的发出者,表主动、进行)
6. shown(2020 全国Ⅰ卷,过去分词作定语,paintings是show的承受者,表被动、完成)
7. challenging(2025 全国乙卷,现在分词作表语,game是“具有挑战性的”,表事物的性质)
8. shocked(2024 新高考Ⅱ卷,过去分词作表语,she是“感到震惊的”,表人的感受)
9. leading(2023 全国甲卷,现在分词作定语,path是lead的发出者,表主动)
10. disappointed(2022 新高考Ⅰ卷,过去分词作定语,expression是“流露失望情绪的”,表状态)
目标导航
知识精炼
基础过关
能力提升
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