动词ing形式作宾补和状语学案（必修三U2 Morals and virtues含答案）
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| 名称 | 动词ing形式作宾补和状语学案（必修三U2 Morals and virtues含答案） |
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| 更新时间 | 2026-03-16 00:00:00 | ||
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/ 让教学更有效 高效备考 | 英语学科
动词ing形式作宾补和状语学案
（必修三U2 Morals and virtues）
教学重点 · 作宾补：接感官 / 使役动词后，表宾语主动、正在进行的动作；感官动词后可接 do（全过程）/doing（进行）/done（被动），have 后接 sb. doing（让持续做）/sth. done（让被做）。· 作状语：表时间 / 原因 / 伴随等，逻辑主语与主句一致、表主动；doing 表与谓语同时发生，having done 表先于谓语发生；否定用 not + 分词。· 特殊结构：独立主格（分词主语与主句不同时加自身主语）；judging from 等固定结构不受主语限制；with 复合结构按主 / 被动选 doing/done。
教学难点 · 感官动词后 do/doing/done 的用法辨析；· 分词作状语的逻辑主语一致性判断；· doing 与 having done 的时态区分；· with 复合结构和固定独立分词结构的正确使用。
一、核心语法知识
（一）动词-ing形式作宾语补足语
1. 基本概念：补充说明宾语的动作、状态，与宾语构成逻辑上的主动关系，表示动作正在进行、经常性或主动。
2. 常用动词：
- 感官动词：see, hear, watch, notice, find, feel
- 使役动词：have, keep, get, leave, catch
3. 结构：主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + doing
例：I saw him playing basketball on the playground.（我看见他正在操场打篮球。）
4. 与过去分词作宾补的区别：
- 过去分词：与宾语为被动/完成关系
例：I found the window broken.（我发现窗户被打破了。）
（二）动词-ing形式作状语
1. 功能：表时间、原因、条件、结果、伴随、方式、让步，逻辑主语与句子主语一致，主动关系。
2. 常见类型：
- 时间状语：Walking in the park, I met an old friend.
- 原因状语：Being ill, he didn’t go to school.
- 伴随状语：He sat there, reading a book.
- 结果状语：The fire lasted a week, leaving nothing valuable.
3. 独立主格：分词逻辑主语与句子主语不一致时，需加自己的主语。
例：Weather permitting, we will go hiking.
4. 与过去分词作状语的区别：
- 过去分词：表被动/完成
例：Seen from the top, the park looks beautiful.
二、重要注意事项
1. 分词作状语，逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致。
2. 感官动词后三种宾补区别：
do sth.（看到/听到动作全过程）I heard him play the piano every day.
doing sth.（看到/听到动作正在进行）When I got home, I heard him playing the piano.
done（被动/完成）I saw the man taken away by the police. 我看见那个男人被警察带走了。
使役动词have后：have sb. doing（让某人一直做）:
The boss had the workers working all the day.
have sth. done（让某事被做）:
The boss had the workers fired(被解雇).
固定结构：generally speaking（一般来说）, judging from（从……判断）, considering（考虑到）， 不受主语限制。
例：
Judging from his accent, he must be from the south.
听他的口音，他一定是南方人。
5. -ing / having done / done/having been done 作状语的区别:
一般式 doing/done（与谓语同时发生）
完成式 having done/having been done（先于谓语动作发生,常译作：做完……之后；由于已经……,常有时间状语twice, many times, for a long time, all day, before）
例：
Walking in the street, I met my teacher.
Having seen the film before, I didn’t go with them.（因为之前看过这部电影，我没跟他们去。）
Given more time, we could do it better.
Having been told many times, he still made the same mistake.（已经被多次告知，他仍然犯相同的错误。）
6. 否定形式：not + 分词（not doing/not done）。
Not knowing what to do next, he called his mom.
一、基础填空题
用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. I heard someone ________ (knock) at the door.
2. The teacher kept the students ________ (wait) outside.
3. ________ (see) from the hill, the city is beautiful.
4. They found the story ________ (interest).
5. Don’t leave the water ________ (run) while brushing teeth.
6. ________ (practise) playing the piano all day, he went out to play.
7. We saw the thief ________ (catch) by the police.
8. ________ (walk) along the river, he sang a song.
9. The news made me ________ (excite).
10. He had his car ________ (repair) yesterday.
二、提升填空题
用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. ________ (not know) his address, I can’t visit him.
2. ________(teach) English as a foreign language for over a decade, she knew exactly how to explain the present perfect tense.
3. ________ (follow) the guide, we started to climb the mountain.
4. With so many people ________ (look) at her, she felt nervous.
5. ________ (invite) to the party, he felt very happy.
6. I found my watch ________ (miss) this morning.
7. ________(shop)all morning in the downtown department stores, the ladies decided to rest at a nearby cafe.
8. ________ (judge) from his accent, he is from the south.
9. He lay on the grass, ________ (stare) at the sky.
10. We won’t have you ________ (speak) to your mother like that.
三、翻译题
1. 我发现那个女孩正在房间里唱歌。
____________________________________________________________________________________
因为不知道如何解决这个问题，他去向老师求助。
____________________________________________________________________________________
他坐在椅子上读报纸。
____________________________________________________________________________________
从山上看，这座城市非常壮观。
____________________________________________________________________________________
别让我一直等你。
____________________________________________________________________________________
四、高考真题精选
1. (2023·新高考I卷) As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can also watch the koi(锦鲤) fish ________ (swim) gracefully in the ponds.
2. (2017·全国卷Ⅰ) I smell something ________ (burn) in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute
3. (2024·八省联考) With temperatures ________ (drop) sharply, the city experienced its coldest night of the year.
4. (2019·全国卷III) On our way to the airport, we saw a man ________ (lie) on the side of the road, clearly injured.
5. (2022·天津卷) The storm hit the coastal city last night, ________ (cause) severe flooding in several districts.
6. (2018·天津卷) I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph ________ (take).
7. (2019·江苏卷) China’s image is improving steadily, with more countries ________ (recognize) its role in international affairs.
8. (2022·全国甲卷) ________ (plan) the trip months in advance, they got the best deals on flights and hotels.
9. (2016·上海卷) ________ (wonder) how my mum could consume them so quickly, I began observing her daily routine for two weeks.
10. (2021·新高考II卷) The children rushed out of the classroom, ________ (laugh) and ________ (shout) happily.
参考答案
基础填空题
1. knocking 2. waiting 3. Seen 4. interesting 5. running
6. Having practised 7. caught 8. Walking 9. excited 10. repaired
提升填空题
1. Not knowing 2. Having taught 3. Following 4. looking 5. Invited
2. missing 7. Having shopped 8. Judging 9. staring 10. speaking
翻译题
1. I found the girl singing in the room.
2. Not knowing how to solve the problem, he went to the teacher for help.
3. He sat in the chair, reading a newspaper.
4. Seen from the hill, the city is very splendid.
5. Don’t keep me waiting for you.
高考真题
1. swimming (宾补) —— watch是感官动词，接swimming作宾补，表示“观看鱼正在游动”。
2. burning (宾补) —— smell something burning表示“闻到有东西正在烧焦”，强调动作正在进行。
3. dropping (宾补) —— with + 宾语 + 宾补结构中，temperatures与drop是主动关系，且强调正在发生，故用dropping。
4. lying (宾补) —— saw是感官动词，lying作宾补，强调“看见那个人正躺在路边”的状态。
5. causing (状语) —— causing表示自然而然的结果，即“风暴袭击城市，导致了洪水”，作结果状语。
6. taken (宾补) —— 本题考查have sth. done结构，意为“让别人做某事”。my photograph与take之间是被动关系，故用过去分词。注意：此处不是-ing形式，但作为对比考点列出。
7. recognizing (宾补) —— with复合结构中，动词recognize与其逻辑主语countries之间是主谓关系，故用现在分词形式。
8. Planning (状语) —— plan的逻辑主语是主句主语they，两者是主动关系，且“提前计划”是“拿到好价格”的原因，故用Planning作原因状语。
9. Wondering (状语) —— 动词wonder与本句主语I构成主动关系，用现在分词作原因状语，表示“因为好奇……”。
10. laughing; shouting (状语) —— laugh和shout与主语children是主动关系，两个-ing形式并列作伴随状语，修饰rushed out。
目标导航
知识精炼
基础过关
能力提升
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页）
动词ing形式作宾补和状语学案
（必修三U2 Morals and virtues）
教学重点 · 作宾补：接感官 / 使役动词后，表宾语主动、正在进行的动作；感官动词后可接 do（全过程）/doing（进行）/done（被动），have 后接 sb. doing（让持续做）/sth. done（让被做）。· 作状语：表时间 / 原因 / 伴随等，逻辑主语与主句一致、表主动；doing 表与谓语同时发生，having done 表先于谓语发生；否定用 not + 分词。· 特殊结构：独立主格（分词主语与主句不同时加自身主语）；judging from 等固定结构不受主语限制；with 复合结构按主 / 被动选 doing/done。
教学难点 · 感官动词后 do/doing/done 的用法辨析；· 分词作状语的逻辑主语一致性判断；· doing 与 having done 的时态区分；· with 复合结构和固定独立分词结构的正确使用。
一、核心语法知识
（一）动词-ing形式作宾语补足语
1. 基本概念：补充说明宾语的动作、状态，与宾语构成逻辑上的主动关系，表示动作正在进行、经常性或主动。
2. 常用动词：
- 感官动词：see, hear, watch, notice, find, feel
- 使役动词：have, keep, get, leave, catch
3. 结构：主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + doing
例：I saw him playing basketball on the playground.（我看见他正在操场打篮球。）
4. 与过去分词作宾补的区别：
- 过去分词：与宾语为被动/完成关系
例：I found the window broken.（我发现窗户被打破了。）
（二）动词-ing形式作状语
1. 功能：表时间、原因、条件、结果、伴随、方式、让步，逻辑主语与句子主语一致，主动关系。
2. 常见类型：
- 时间状语：Walking in the park, I met an old friend.
- 原因状语：Being ill, he didn’t go to school.
- 伴随状语：He sat there, reading a book.
- 结果状语：The fire lasted a week, leaving nothing valuable.
3. 独立主格：分词逻辑主语与句子主语不一致时，需加自己的主语。
例：Weather permitting, we will go hiking.
4. 与过去分词作状语的区别：
- 过去分词：表被动/完成
例：Seen from the top, the park looks beautiful.
二、重要注意事项
1. 分词作状语，逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致。
2. 感官动词后三种宾补区别：
do sth.（看到/听到动作全过程）I heard him play the piano every day.
doing sth.（看到/听到动作正在进行）When I got home, I heard him playing the piano.
done（被动/完成）I saw the man taken away by the police. 我看见那个男人被警察带走了。
使役动词have后：have sb. doing（让某人一直做）:
The boss had the workers working all the day.
have sth. done（让某事被做）:
The boss had the workers fired(被解雇).
固定结构：generally speaking（一般来说）, judging from（从……判断）, considering（考虑到）， 不受主语限制。
例：
Judging from his accent, he must be from the south.
听他的口音，他一定是南方人。
5. -ing / having done / done/having been done 作状语的区别:
一般式 doing/done（与谓语同时发生）
完成式 having done/having been done（先于谓语动作发生,常译作：做完……之后；由于已经……,常有时间状语twice, many times, for a long time, all day, before）
例：
Walking in the street, I met my teacher.
Having seen the film before, I didn’t go with them.（因为之前看过这部电影，我没跟他们去。）
Given more time, we could do it better.
Having been told many times, he still made the same mistake.（已经被多次告知，他仍然犯相同的错误。）
6. 否定形式：not + 分词（not doing/not done）。
Not knowing what to do next, he called his mom.
一、基础填空题
用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. I heard someone ________ (knock) at the door.
2. The teacher kept the students ________ (wait) outside.
3. ________ (see) from the hill, the city is beautiful.
4. They found the story ________ (interest).
5. Don’t leave the water ________ (run) while brushing teeth.
6. ________ (practise) playing the piano all day, he went out to play.
7. We saw the thief ________ (catch) by the police.
8. ________ (walk) along the river, he sang a song.
9. The news made me ________ (excite).
10. He had his car ________ (repair) yesterday.
二、提升填空题
用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. ________ (not know) his address, I can’t visit him.
2. ________(teach) English as a foreign language for over a decade, she knew exactly how to explain the present perfect tense.
3. ________ (follow) the guide, we started to climb the mountain.
4. With so many people ________ (look) at her, she felt nervous.
5. ________ (invite) to the party, he felt very happy.
6. I found my watch ________ (miss) this morning.
7. ________(shop)all morning in the downtown department stores, the ladies decided to rest at a nearby cafe.
8. ________ (judge) from his accent, he is from the south.
9. He lay on the grass, ________ (stare) at the sky.
10. We won’t have you ________ (speak) to your mother like that.
三、翻译题
1. 我发现那个女孩正在房间里唱歌。
____________________________________________________________________________________
因为不知道如何解决这个问题，他去向老师求助。
____________________________________________________________________________________
他坐在椅子上读报纸。
____________________________________________________________________________________
从山上看，这座城市非常壮观。
____________________________________________________________________________________
别让我一直等你。
____________________________________________________________________________________
四、高考真题精选
1. (2023·新高考I卷) As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can also watch the koi(锦鲤) fish ________ (swim) gracefully in the ponds.
2. (2017·全国卷Ⅰ) I smell something ________ (burn) in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute
3. (2024·八省联考) With temperatures ________ (drop) sharply, the city experienced its coldest night of the year.
4. (2019·全国卷III) On our way to the airport, we saw a man ________ (lie) on the side of the road, clearly injured.
5. (2022·天津卷) The storm hit the coastal city last night, ________ (cause) severe flooding in several districts.
6. (2018·天津卷) I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph ________ (take).
7. (2019·江苏卷) China’s image is improving steadily, with more countries ________ (recognize) its role in international affairs.
8. (2022·全国甲卷) ________ (plan) the trip months in advance, they got the best deals on flights and hotels.
9. (2016·上海卷) ________ (wonder) how my mum could consume them so quickly, I began observing her daily routine for two weeks.
10. (2021·新高考II卷) The children rushed out of the classroom, ________ (laugh) and ________ (shout) happily.
参考答案
基础填空题
1. knocking 2. waiting 3. Seen 4. interesting 5. running
6. Having practised 7. caught 8. Walking 9. excited 10. repaired
提升填空题
1. Not knowing 2. Having taught 3. Following 4. looking 5. Invited
2. missing 7. Having shopped 8. Judging 9. staring 10. speaking
翻译题
1. I found the girl singing in the room.
2. Not knowing how to solve the problem, he went to the teacher for help.
3. He sat in the chair, reading a newspaper.
4. Seen from the hill, the city is very splendid.
5. Don’t keep me waiting for you.
高考真题
1. swimming (宾补) —— watch是感官动词，接swimming作宾补，表示“观看鱼正在游动”。
2. burning (宾补) —— smell something burning表示“闻到有东西正在烧焦”，强调动作正在进行。
3. dropping (宾补) —— with + 宾语 + 宾补结构中，temperatures与drop是主动关系，且强调正在发生，故用dropping。
4. lying (宾补) —— saw是感官动词，lying作宾补，强调“看见那个人正躺在路边”的状态。
5. causing (状语) —— causing表示自然而然的结果，即“风暴袭击城市，导致了洪水”，作结果状语。
6. taken (宾补) —— 本题考查have sth. done结构，意为“让别人做某事”。my photograph与take之间是被动关系，故用过去分词。注意：此处不是-ing形式，但作为对比考点列出。
7. recognizing (宾补) —— with复合结构中，动词recognize与其逻辑主语countries之间是主谓关系，故用现在分词形式。
8. Planning (状语) —— plan的逻辑主语是主句主语they，两者是主动关系，且“提前计划”是“拿到好价格”的原因，故用Planning作原因状语。
9. Wondering (状语) —— 动词wonder与本句主语I构成主动关系，用现在分词作原因状语，表示“因为好奇……”。
10. laughing; shouting (状语) —— laugh和shout与主语children是主动关系，两个-ing形式并列作伴随状语，修饰rushed out。
目标导航
知识精炼
基础过关
能力提升
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页）