高一定语从句(2)——关系副词学案（必修一U5 Languages around the world）

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高一定语从句(2)——关系副词学案
（必修一U5 Languages around the world）
一、学习目标
1. 掌握关系副词 when, where, why 的基本用法
2. 理解关系副词在从句中充当的成分
3. 学会关系代词与关系副词之间的转换
4. 掌握如何选择关系代词和关系副词
二、关系副词的基本用法
1. 关系副词的定义与基本用法
关系副词 when, where, why 引导定语从句时，在从句中分别作时间状语、地点状语和原因状语，其先行词分别是表示时间（time, day, year等）、地点（place, school, park等）和原因（reason）的名词。
I still remember the day when I first came to this school.
This is the factory where my father works.
Do you know the reason why he was late
2. 关系副词与“介词+关系代词（which/whom）”的转换
关系副词引导的定语从句，可转换为“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，转换核心是根据先行词和从句动词(形容词)的搭配确定介词。
when = 介词 + which
例句：The year when he was born is 2000.
转换：The year in which he was born is 2000.
where = 介词 + which
例句：This is the room where we lived last year.
转换：This is the room in which we lived last year.
why = for which
例句：The reason why she cried was unknown.
转换：The reason for which she cried was unknown.
3. 关系代词与关系副词的选择方法
判断原则：分析定语从句中的谓语动词是否及物，以及从句是否缺少主语、宾语、表语、定语或状语。
1. 若从句缺少主语、宾语、表语或定语，用关系代词（that, which, who, whom, whose）。
例句：① This is the book that my teacher recommended.（that作recommended的宾语）
② The girl who is standing there is my sister.（who作is standing的主语）
2. 若从句不缺主语、宾语、表语或定语，缺少时间、地点或原因状语，用关系副词（when, where, why）。
例句：①I’ ll never forget the day when we met.（从句we met不缺主宾，缺时间状语）
② This is the city where I grew up.（从句I grew up不缺主宾，缺地点状语）
注意：以下是抽象名词（如 situation, stage, point, case, activity, condition 等）在从句中做状语时，用 where 引导，where 相当于 in which，表示“在某种情形/阶段/情况下”。
We may face a situation where we have to make a difficult choice.（我们可能会面临必须做出艰难抉择的情况。）
The project has reached a stage where we need more investment.（项目已经到了需要更多投资的阶段。）
There comes a point where you have to decide for yourself.（总有一个时刻你必须自己做出决定。）
三、综合练习
练习一：用适当的关系词填空（when, where, why, which, who, that）
1. The house ________ I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.
2. July is the month ________ the weather is usually the hottest.
3. This is the reason ________ I don't want to go.
4. The factory ________ my father works is far from here.
5. Do you remember the day ________ we first went to the Great Wall
6. The person ________ I spoke to just now is the manager.
7. I don't like the way ________ he speaks to his parents.
8. The school ________ was built last year is very modern.
9. Is this the reason ________ he refused our offer
10. The years ________ we spent together are unforgettable.
11. I’ll never forget the days __________ we worked together.
12. I’ll never forget the days __________ we spent together.
13. I went to the company ___________ I worked ten years ago.
14.I went to the company __________ I visited ten years ago.
15. This is the reason ___________ he was late.
16. This is the reason __________ he gave for being late.
练习二：关系代词与关系副词的转换
1. The hotel where we stayed was very clean.
→ The hotel ________________ was very clean.
2. I remember the morning when he left for America.
→ I remember the morning ________________ he left for America.
3. Do you know the reason why she is so upset
→ Do you know the reason ________________ she is so upset
4. The factory in which my mother works is closing down.
→ The factory ________________ my mother works is closing down.
5. The day on which they got married was sunny.
→ The day ________________ they got married was sunny.
练习三：判断正误并改正
1. This is the factory where we visited last week.
2. This is the factory which we worked last year.
3. I'll never forget the day when we spent together.
4. I'll never forget the day when we first met.
5. The reason why he gave is not convincing.
6. The reason why he was absent is unknown.
练习四：用适当的关系词（that, which, who, whom, whose, when, where, why）填空
1. Is this the museum ________ you visited last month
2. Is this museum ________ you visited last month
3. The reason ________ he was late was that he missed the bus.
4. The reason ________ he gave was that he missed the bus.
5. I don’t like the way ________ he talks to his teachers.
6. We are looking for a conference room ________ we can hold our meeting.
7. I will never forget the day ________ we first met.
8. The person ________ you should talk to is Mr. Zhang.
9. The village ________ I grew up has changed a lot.
10. Can you tell me the reason ________ you decided to quit
练习五：合并句子（用定语从句）
The day was rainy. We arrived on that day.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
This is the village. My father was born in this village.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
He didn't tell me the reason. He was late for the reason.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
The factory has over 1,000 workers. My mother works in the factory.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
The years were difficult. We lived through those years.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
练习六：请将下列句子翻译成英语，注意使用恰当的关系代词（who, whom, which, that, whose）或关系副词（when, where, why）。
这就是帮助过我的那位医生。
_______________________________________________________________________________________
你正在读的那本杂志是我的。
_______________________________________________________________________________________
父亲是教师的那位学生英语说得很好。
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
这是我祖父母曾经居住过的村庄。
_______________________________________________________________________________________
5. 你能告诉我你昨天缺席的原因吗？
_______________________________________________________________________________________
6. 我永远忘不了我们赢得比赛的那一天。
_______________________________________________________________________________________
7. 我们正在讨论一个需要立即关注的情况。
_______________________________________________________________________________________
8. 站在门口的那个人想和你谈谈。
_______________________________________________________________________________________
9. 这是我看过的最令人感动的电影。
_______________________________________________________________________________________
10. 我不喜欢他和我说话的方式。
_______________________________________________________________________________________
练习一答案：
1. where（地点状语）
2. when（时间状语）
3. why（原因状语）
4. where（地点状语）
5. when（时间状语）
6. who/whom/that（作宾语）
7. (that/in which)（way 后接 that/in which 或不填）
8. which/that（作主语）
9. why（原因状语）
10. that/which（作宾语，spent 是及物动词缺宾语）
11.when
12.which/that
13.where
14.which/that
15.why
16.which/that
练习二答案：
1. in which 2. on which 3. for which 4. where 5. when
练习三答案：
1. 错误 where → which/that 2. 错误 which → where 3. 错误 when → that/which
4. 正确 5. 错误 why → that/which 6. 正确
练习四答案：
1. that / which / 省略
2. the one / the one that / the one which
3. why / for which
4. that / which / 省略
5. that / in which / 省略
6. where / in which
7. when / on which / 省略
8. who / whom / that / 省略
9. where / in which
10. why / for which / 省略
练习五答案：
1. The day when we arrived was rainy.
= The day on which we arrived was rainy.
2. This is the village where my father was born.
= This is the village in which my father was born.
3. He didn't tell me the reason why he was late.
= He didn't tell me the reason for which he was late.
4. The factory where my mother works has over 1,000 workers.
= The factory in which my mother works has over 1,000 workers.
5. The years that/which we lived through were difficult.
练习六答案：
1. This is the doctor who/that helped me.
2. The magazine (that/which) you are reading is mine.
3. The student whose father is a teacher speaks English very well.
4. This is the village where my grandparents once lived.
5. Can you tell me the reason why you were absent yesterday
6. I will never forget the day (when) we won the game.
7. We are discussing a situation where immediate attention is needed.
8. The man who/that is standing at the door wants to talk to you.
9. This is the most touching movie (that) I have ever seen.
10. I don’t like the way (that/in which) he talks to me.
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