Unit 4 My friends 单元知识清单 冀教版英语七年级下册

Unit 4 My Friends 单元知识点梳理
一、重点单词
1. tall /t l/ adj. 高的（对应词：short 矮的；短语：be tall and thin 又高又瘦）
2. short / t/ adj. 矮的；短的（短语：short hair 短发）
3. thin /θ n/ adj. 瘦的（对应词：heavy 胖的；短语：look thin 看起来瘦）
4. heavy / hevi/ adj. 胖的；重的（短语：a heavy box 一个重箱子）
5. curly / k li/ adj. 卷曲的（对应词：straight 直的；短语：curly hair 卷发）
6. straight /stre t/ adj. 直的；adv. 笔直地（短语：straight hair 直发）
7. friendly / frendli/ adj. 友好的（名词：friend 朋友；短语：be friendly to sb. 对某人友好）
8. outgoing / a tɡ / adj. 外向的（对应词：shy 害羞的；短语：an outgoing girl 一个外向的女孩）
9. shy / a / adj. 害羞的；腼腆的（短语：be shy of strangers 怕生）
10. smart /smɑ t/ adj. 聪明的；机灵的（同义词：clever；短语：a smart student 一个聪明的学生）
11. hard-working / hɑ d w k / adj. 勤奋的（短语：be hard-working at study 学习勤奋）
12. lazy / le zi/ adj. 懒惰的（反义词：hard-working；短语：a lazy cat 一只懒猫）
13. laugh /lɑ f/ v.&n. 笑；大笑（短语：laugh at 嘲笑；laugh with sb. 和某人一起笑）
14. share / e (r)/ v. 分享；共用（短语：share sth. with sb. 和某人分享某物）
15. trust /tr st/ v.&n. 信任；信赖（短语：trust each other 互相信任）
16. support /s p t/ v.&n. 支持；帮助（短语：support sb. in sth. 在某事上支持某人）
17. care /ke (r)/ v. 关心；在意 n. 照料（短语：care about 关心；take care of 照顾）
18. similar / s m l (r)/ adj. 相似的（短语：be similar to 和……相似）
19. different / d fr nt/ adj. 不同的（名词：difference 差异；短语：be different from 和……不同）
20. best /best/ adj.&adv. 最好的；最（原级：good/well；短语：best friend 最好的朋友）
二、重点短语
1. make friends 交朋友
2. be friendly to sb. 对某人友好
3. share sth. with sb. 和某人分享某物
4. care about 关心；在意
5. laugh at 嘲笑
6. be good at 擅长
7. trust each other 互相信任
8. in need 在困境中
9. get on well with sb. 和某人相处融洽
10. look like 看起来像
11. be like 像……（指性格、品质）
12. have long curly hair 留着长卷发
13. a little shy 有点害羞
14. hard-working student 勤奋的学生
15. the same as 和……一样
16. be different from 和……不同
17. support each other 互相支持
18. spend time together 一起度过时光
19. help sb. with sth. 在某事上帮助某人
20. true friend 真正的朋友
三、重点句型
1. —What does your best friend look like
—She has long straight hair and is of medium height.
（—你最好的朋友长什么样？—她留着长直发，中等身高。）
2. —What is she like
—She is outgoing and always ready to help others.
（—她性格怎么样？—她很外向，总是乐于助人。）
3. I like friends who are kind and can share my happiness and sadness.
（我喜欢善良、能和我分享喜怒哀乐的朋友。）
4. We get on well with each other because we have similar hobbies.
（我们相处得很好，因为我们有相似的爱好。）
5. Don’t laugh at your classmates when they make mistakes.
（当你的同学犯错时，不要嘲笑他们。）
6. A true friend will support you when you are in need.
（真正的朋友会在你困境时支持你。）
7. My friend Tom is hard-working, so he always gets good grades.
（我的朋友汤姆很勤奋，所以他总是取得好成绩。）
8. —Do you like friends who are the same as you or different
—I prefer friends who are different from me. They can teach me new things.
（—你喜欢和你一样还是不同的朋友？—我更喜欢和我不同的朋友，他们能教我新东西。）
9. She has a round face and big eyes, so she looks very cute.
（她有一张圆脸和大眼睛，所以看起来很可爱。）
10. We often spend weekends together, playing basketball and watching movies.
（我们经常一起过周末，打篮球、看电影。）
四、重点词汇辨析
1. look like & be like
词汇 含义与用法 例句
look like 侧重询问或描述外貌特征，后可接名词/代词 —What does your brother look like —He looks like his father, tall and strong.（—你弟弟长什么样？—他像他爸爸，又高又壮。）
be like 侧重询问或描述性格、品质，后可接形容词或名词 —What is your teacher like —She is like a mother to us, kind and caring.（—你的老师怎么样？—她对我们像妈妈一样，善良又贴心。）
2. friendly & kind
词汇 含义与用法 例句
friendly 强调待人的态度友好，常指主动与人亲近、乐于交往 The new classmate is very friendly, so everyone wants to make friends with her.（新来的同学很友好，所以大家都想和她交朋友。）
kind 强调本性善良，侧重内在的道德品质，愿意帮助他人 It’s kind of you to help the old man carry the heavy bag.（你帮老人提重袋子，真是善良。）
3. laugh at & laugh with
词汇 含义与用法 例句
laugh at 表示嘲笑、讥笑，带有负面情感 We should never laugh at people who are in trouble.（我们绝不应该嘲笑处于困境中的人。）
laugh with 表示和某人一起笑，是友好、愉悦的互动 We laughed with each other when we heard the funny joke.（听到这个有趣的笑话，我们一起笑了起来。）
4. share & divide
词汇 含义与用法 例句
share 强调共同享有、自愿分享，侧重“一起拥有” Good friends always share their joys and sorrows.（好朋友总是分享他们的喜怒哀乐。）
divide 强调把整体分成部分，侧重“分割、分配” The teacher divided the students into four groups for the game.（老师把学生分成四组做游戏。）
五、重点语法
1. 形容词描述外貌与性格
核心分类：
① 外貌类形容词：tall, short, thin, heavy, curly, straight, round, long, short等，用于描述人的身高、体型、发型、五官。
② 性格类形容词：friendly, outgoing, shy, smart, hard-working, lazy, kind等，用于描述人的内在品质与性格。
用法强化：
① 形容词修饰名词时，通常放在名词前：a friendly girl（一个友好的女孩）；long curly hair（长卷发）。
② 描述外貌时，常用“主语 + have/has + 外貌特征”：She has big eyes and a small mouth.（她有大眼睛和小嘴巴。）
③ 描述性格时，常用“主语 + be + 性格形容词”：He is hard-working and smart.（他勤奋又聪明。）
2. who引导的定语从句（修饰人）
核心用法：当先行词是表示人的名词（如friend, classmate, person）时，用关系代词who引导定语从句，在从句中作主语或宾语。
句式强化：
① 主语用法：I like friends who are kind and helpful.（我喜欢善良又乐于助人的朋友。）（who在从句中作主语）
② 宾语用法：The girl who we met yesterday is my new friend.（我们昨天遇到的那个女孩是我的新朋友。）（who在从句中作met的宾语，可省略）
3. 特殊疑问句询问外貌与性格
询问外貌：What + do/does + 主语 + look like
例：What does your father look like He is of medium build and has short hair.
询问性格：What + be + 主语 + like
例：What is your best friend like She is outgoing and loves to laugh.
六、写作指导（介绍一位朋友）
1. 写作结构
部分 内容要点 常用表达
开头 点明介绍的对象（最好的朋友），交代基本信息（姓名、相识时间） My best friend is Lily. We have been friends since we were in primary school.
主体 分层次描述：①外貌特征；②性格品质；③共同经历/相处日常，加入具体细节 She has long curly hair and big bright eyes. She is outgoing and always helps others when they are in need. Last month, when I failed my math test, she spent every afternoon helping me with my homework.
结尾 表达对友谊的看法，总结朋友的重要性 Lily is not just my friend, but also my best partner. I learn to be kind and brave from her, and I will cherish our friendship forever.
2. 范文示例
My Best Friend
My best friend is Emma. We became friends when we started Grade 7, and we have been inseparable ever since.
Emma is of medium height with short straight hair and a warm smile. She has a round face and small dimples that appear when she laughs. What I like most about her is her personality—she is outgoing, kind, and always full of energy. She is never afraid to speak up in class, but she is also very patient with people who are shy.
We share a lot of hobbies, like reading and playing badminton. Every weekend, we go to the school library to read storybooks, and we often play badminton on the playground after class. Last term, I was very nervous about my English speech contest. Emma stayed with me every evening, helping me practice my speech and giving me confidence. Thanks to her, I won the second prize.
Emma teaches me the meaning of true friendship: to care, to support, and to grow together. I am so lucky to have her as my friend, and I hope our friendship will last forever.