（单元培优卷）Unit 9 Power of Nature 单元素养达标培优卷-2025-2026学年八年级英语下册仁爱科普版（2024）（含答案解析）
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| 名称 | （单元培优卷）Unit 9 Power of Nature 单元素养达标培优卷-2025-2026学年八年级英语下册仁爱科普版（2024）（含答案解析） |
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| 更新时间 | 2026-03-15 00:00:00 | ||
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/ 让学习更有效 单元培优卷 | 英语学科
/ 让学习更有效 单元培优卷 | 英语学科
2025-2026学年八年级英语下册单元素养达标培优卷仁爱科普版
（2024）Unit 9 Power of Nature
满分120分，考试用时120分钟。
注意事项：
1．答卷前、考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试卷上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在指定位置。
2．选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把对应题目的答案标号涂黑。写在试卷、草稿纸上的非答题区域均无效。
3．非选择题的作答：用黑色签字笔直接答在对应的答题区域内，写在试卷、草稿纸上的非答题区域均无效。
4．考试结束后，请将试卷交回。
一、单项选择（共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分）
从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
1．The wind blew ________ yesterday than today. It was really scary.
A．badly B．worse C．worst D．more badly
2．You’d better bring a ________ if you walk on a dark road at night.
A．sandstorm B．flashlight C．supermarket D．aftershock
3．A snowstorm is a storm with strong winds and a lot of ________.
A．rain B．snow C．thunder D．lightning
4．You should limit your outdoor activities ________ the hottest time of the day.
A．on B．in C．at D．for
5．You should ________ in a cool place during the hot summer.
A．stay B．to stay C．staying D．stayed
6．—What can we do to protect ourselves in a rainstorm
—________ walk or drive through fast-moving water.
A．Do B．Don’t C．Please D．Always
7．—What’s the weather like today
—It’s very hot. We are having a strong ________.
A．heatwave B．temperature C．activity D．break
8．During an earthquake, if you are indoors, you should ________ a desk and hang on to its legs.
A．hide under B．run away from C．stand under D．climb onto
9．Natural disasters are becoming worse and worse _______ climate change.
A．because B．because of C．as D．since
10．The hurricane nearly _______ his house _______.
A．broke; into pieces B．break; into piece C．broke; to pieces D．breaking; into pieces
二、完形填空（共15小题; 每小题1分, 满分15分）
I looked at my watch. It was ten to six. There were just ten minutes left 11 we could leave for home. Suddenly the earth began to shake. In no time the shake became very 12 . “Earthquake!” someone shouted. I 13 the others to the door but we couldn’t get out. I stayed under a desk, covering my head and neck with my 14 . “Will someone 15 me if the building falls down Is this the end for me ” I kept thinking about that.
Several minutes later the shake 16 . Two of my workmates tried to open the door again, and they made it! We ran 17 to the street. It was such a(n) 18 that we couldn’t believe our eyes—the street was full of debris and broken wood. More and more people came out and many were 19 . Lots of them did nothing but look up into the sky 20 .
We walked a long way home not 21 much. Some were praying and some were munication in such a situation was 22 . Our phones didn’t work because of the earthquake. So it was 23 to find out if our friends were okay. I had no way of letting my family in China 24 that I was still alive. I just hoped that they wouldn’t 25 the earthquake until tomorrow.
11．A．while B．until C．since D．before
12．A．close B．strange C．strong D．dangerous
13．A．helped B．followed C．allowed D．waited
14．A．feet B．legs C．eyes D．arms
15．A．save B．push C．call D．notice
16．A．changed B．fell C．broke D．stopped
17．A．carefully B．quickly C．easily D．loudly
18．A．mess B．accident C．problem D．mistake
19．A．unlucky B．angry C．sad D．hurt
20．A．in shock B．in person C．in place D．in danger
21．A．eating B．saying C．playing D．working
22．A．proper B．crazy C．difficult D．personal
23．A．normal B．impossible C．necessary D．important
24．A．feel B．remember C．imagine D．know
25．A．worry about B．think about C．hear about D．argue about
三、阅读理解（共两节, 20小题; 每小题2分, 满分40分）
第一节: 阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项。
A
In many parts of the world, natural disasters happen every year. Some of them are very powerful and cause great damage. Knowing how to stay safe during a disaster is important.
For example, during an earthquake, you should drop, cover, and hold on. Find a strong table or desk and stay under it until the shaking stops. If you are in bed, stay there and cover your head with a pillow. Stay away from windows, bookshelves, and heavy furniture that might fall.
During a thunderstorm, it’s best to stay indoors. Avoid using electrical devices or taking a shower because lightning can travel through wires and pipes. If you are outside, never stand under a tall tree. Crouch down low and keep away from metal objects.
In a sandstorm, protect your eyes and mouth. Wear goggles and a mask if you have them. If you are driving, pull over and stay in the car until the storm passes. Sandstorms can reduce visibility greatly, so driving is dangerous.
People who live in areas with hurricanes should prepare early. Board up windows, bring in outdoor furniture, and store enough food and water. When the hurricane comes, stay in a small, windowless room on the lowest floor.
26．What should you do during an earthquake according to the text
A．Run outside quickly. B．Stand near a window.
C．Stay under a strong table. D．Use the elevator.
27．Why shouldn’t you take a shower during a thunderstorm
A．Because water is dirty. B．Because lightning may come through pipes.
C．Because the shower might break. D．Because it’s cold.
28．What does “visibility” probably mean in the fourth paragraph
A．The ability to see clearly. B．The speed of wind.
C．The amount of sand. D．The temperature.
29．Which of the following is TRUE about hurricanes
A．You should stay near windows. B．You should board up the windows before it comes.
C．You should go outside to watch. D．You should stay on the top floor.
30．What is the main idea of the passage
A．Different types of natural disasters. B．How to prepare for a hurricane.
C．Safety tips during natural disasters. D．The causes of natural disasters.
B
Fifteen people died and 28 were missing after flash floods hit Yuzhong County and nearby areas in Lanzhou, Gansu Province. CCTV reported this news, at 6 p.m. on Saturday, according to the local flood control office.
Heavy rains from Thursday to Friday caused the disaster. The rain was very heavy. In some places, 220 millimetres (毫米) of rain fell in just 15 hours. That’s more than half of what the area gets in a whole year! The floods damaged many things: roads were washed out, power lines fell down, and some houses were destroyed. Over 30,000 people had to leave their homes. They couldn’t get clean water or electricity easily.
Two important roads were badly hit: the S104 highway and Xinghuang Road. Nearly 40 kilometres of these roads were damaged. These roads are very useful. People use them to carry food and other goods, and to go from one place to another. Now that the roads are closed, it's hard for workers to deliver (运送) aid to those in need. It's also difficult for people to go out daily.
But many people are working hard to help. By 6 p.m. on Friday, the provincial transport department (省交通部门) had sent more than 40 big machines, like diggers, and over 200 workers. They worked to fix the roads. So far, they have opened three parts of the S104 highway and four parts of Xinghuang Road again.
Other workers are trying to fix the power and water. Many companies are giving help too, like sending tents and food. The rescue and repair work is still going on. Everyone hopes things will get better soon.
31．How much rain fell compared to the area’s usual yearly rain
A．Double the yearly rain. B．Over half of yearly rain.
C．About 1/3 of yearly rain. D．Exactly half of yearly rain.
32．What does the underlined word “diggers” in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A．Tools cleaning water. B．Doctors saving people.
C．Machines fixing roads. D．Helicopters (直升机) finding people.
33．Why did broken roads cause big trouble
A．They made all houses fall.
B．They made the rain heavier.
C．They broke power lines forever.
D．They stopped help from coming and people from travelling.
34．What is the report mainly about
A．How many people were hurt. B．Why the heavy rain happened.
C．Money lost from road damage. D．The flood’s harm and help given.
35．Why does the writer give numbers of machines and workers
A．To say help came too late.
B．To compare different helpers.
C．To explain why power went out.
D．To show how hard people are working.
C
How to Stay Safe in a Flood
Floods are one of the most common natural disasters. They can happen quickly, especially after heavy rain. Knowing what to do during a flood can save your life.
If a flood is coming, you should move to higher ground right away. Do not wait for instructions. Stay away from rivers, streams, and low areas. If you are in a car, do not try to drive through flooded roads. The water may be deeper than it looks, and your car could be swept away.
If you have to stay indoors, go to the highest floor of your home. Turn off electricity and gas to avoid accidents. Do not use electrical appliances if they are wet.
After the flood, be careful. The water may be polluted. Do not drink it. Wait for officials to say it is safe to return home.
36．What should you do first when a flood is coming
A．Wait for instructions. B．Move to higher ground.
C．Stay in your car. D．Turn off electricity.
37．Why shouldn’t you drive through flooded roads
A．Because the car may break down. B．Because the water may be deep and dangerous.
C．Because there are too many cars. D．Because it is against the law.
38．If you stay indoors during a flood, you should ________.
A．stay on the ground floor B．use electrical appliances
C．go to the highest floor D．open all windows
39．After the flood, why should you not drink the water
A．Because it tastes bad. B．Because it may be polluted.
C．Because it is too cold. D．Because there is not enough.
40．What is the main idea of the passage
A．How floods happen. B．How to stay safe during a flood.
C．Why floods are dangerous. D．What to do after a flood.
第二节: 阅读下面短文, 从短文后所给的选项中选出能填入短文空白处的最佳选项, 使短文通顺连贯, 其中有两项是多余选项。
A tornado is a kind of strong storm with air which moves in a circle quickly. They can move over 200 miles per hour and cause a lot of damage (损坏). As they move across the land, they can easily pick up cars, trucks, and even houses, and then throw them very far. 41
A safe place could be a basement (地下室) or the lowest floor. If you are in a home without a basement, try to find a first-floor bathroom or a small room without windows in the middle of your house. 42
But there are some people who actually want to get close to tornadoes. They are scientists who want to learn more about tornadoes. 43 They use special tools to measure what is happening in and around a tornado. One special tool is called a tornado probe (探测仪). Inside the tornado probe, there are sensors (传感器) to measure wind speed, temperature, pressure, and direction. And some probes even have cameras inside. 44
To be able to get these measurements, the scientists have to get a tornado probe near or into a tornado. Scientists will try to guess where a tornado will go next. Then they drive to that location and put down the probe. If they do not guess correctly, they pick up their probe and try another place. 45 Then they take all of the measurements from the probe and use them to predict where future tornadoes may form and travel. And they can give people some warnings to keep away from a dangerous tornado.
A．It is important to find a safe place if a tornado comes.
B．Scientists have no ways to predict the time of tornado.
C．There are also some other difficulties that we cannot think of.
D．If they are right, the tornado will go near or even right over the probe.
E．So the scientists can see and understand what it’s like in a tornado.
F．One of the best ways to do this is to get as close as possible to the tornado.
G．You should curl up (蜷缩) into a ball and cover your head and neck with your hands.
四、词汇运用（共10小题; 每小题1分, 满分10分）
用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空、必要时可添加助动词。
Natural disasters can come without warning, and they often bring great damage to people’s lives. 46 (keep) safe, we must learn some safety rules at school every year.
Recently, our teacher 47 (train) us in earthquake safety for a month. The lessons make me realize it is important to get ready ahead of time. Last Friday evening, while I 48 (watch) a news report about an earthquake, my dad suddenly 49 (knock) at the door. He asked me 50 (prepare) our emergency kit with him at once. This is how we practice earthquake safety 51 (skill) at home.
Knowing what to do during a disaster is just as important as being prepared beforehand. We must avoid 52 (stay) near tall buildings during an earthquake. It’s also important to listen to the advice of 53 (help) rescuers (救援者). My cousin 54 (learn) first-aid knowledge since last term, and she often tells us the key to getting through the 55 (hard) times is to help each other.
五、选词填空（共10小题; 每小题1分, 满分10分）
用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整正确。 (每个单词限用一次，每空限填一个单词。)
spread earthquake he someone quick online hear scared mountain basic
Natural disasters can happen suddenly and bring great damage (破坏) to people’s lives. Last year, an 56 happened in a small village near the mountains. At first, people 57 a strange noise and felt the ground shake. Some were so 58 that they just stayed in their houses without moving. However, others ran 59 to the open ground to keep safe. Thick smoke rose from the falling houses, and some stones fell from the 60 . A bus driver stopped 61 bus to help the villagers.
Nowadays, we can learn about disasters 62 and know how to protect ourselves. It’s our responsibility to care for each other, instead of 63 wrong news or causing a mess. Everyone, as a citizen, has the duty to know 64 safety rules. If you see 65 in danger, don’t just guess or stand by—call for help at once.
六、阅读表达（共 5 小题; 每小题 2分, 满分10分）
Natural disasters can hit anywhere, anytime, and being prepared is the key to staying safe. Earthquakes, typhoons, and floods are common natural disasters that can cause terrible damage and bring serious threats (威胁) to safety. Earthquakes suddenly shake the ground, often without warning. To stay safe during an earthquake, people had better “Drop, Cover, and Hold On(坚持)” until the shaking stops. You can find a strong table to hide under and hold on.
Typhoons, known as hurricanes or cyclones in other parts of the world, can lead to strong winds and too much rain. Before a typhoon arrives, storing necessary things like food, water, and batteries(电池)is important.
Floods can happen when rivers run over because of too much rain. To prepare well, avoid building homes in the areas where floods often happen. And don’t put important electrical appliances (电器) on the ground in your home. Having an emergency plan is also a must.
By understanding these disasters and taking action, communities and people can reduce the risk of harm and recover (恢复) more quickly after disasters happen.
66．How many kinds of natural disasters are mentioned in the text
67．Why are people advised to “Drop, Cover, and Hold On” until the shaking stops
68．What can typhoons cause according to the text
69．What should people avoid doing to prevent flood damage
70．Which other disasters do you know and what will you do in them (列出2点即可)
七、书面表达（共1小题; 满分25分）
71．学校英语俱乐部正在举办题为“My Experience in a Natural Disaster”的征文活动。请你根据以下提示，写一篇短文投稿，描述你经历过或了解的一次自然灾害，并谈谈你从中学会了什么。
提示：
1. 描述自然灾害的类型、发生时间和地点；
2. 叙述你或他人在灾害中的行动；
3. 总结你从中学到的安全知识或感悟。
要求：
1. 短文须包含所有提示要点，可适当发挥；
2. 文中不得出现真实人名、校名；
3. 词数100左右。
My Experience in a Natural Disaster
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参考答案及试题解析
1．B
【解析】句意：昨天的风刮得比今天更猛烈。真是太可怕了。
badly原级；worse比较级；worst最高级；more badly形式错误。than用于比较级,应填worse。
2．B
【解析】句意：如果你在夜晚走在黑暗的路上，最好带上手电筒。
sandstorm沙尘暴；flashlight 手电筒；supermarket超市；aftershock余震。根据“if you walk on a dark road at night”可知，晚上走在黑暗的路上应带“手电筒”，应填flashlight。
3．B
【解析】句意：暴风雪是一种伴有强风和大量降雪的风暴。
rain雨；snow雪；thunder雷；lightning闪电。根据“A snowstorm is a storm with strong winds and a lot of… .”可知，暴风雪是一种伴有强风和大量降雪的风暴，a lot of后接名词复数/不可数名词，此处应用snow“雪”，不可数名词。
4．C
【解析】句意：你应该在一天中最热的时段限制户外活动。
表示“在一天中的某个时刻”用介词at。on用于具体某一天（如 on Monday），in用于较长时间段（如in the morning），for用于表示持续时长，均不适合此处。
5．A
【解析】句意：在炎热的夏天，你应该待在凉爽的地方。
句中“should”为情态动词，后接动词原形，应填stay。
6．B
【解析】句意：——在暴雨中我们能做什么来保护自己？——不要在快速流动的水中行走或驾车。
Do做；Don’t不要；Please请；Always总是。根据“What can we do to protect ourselves in a rainstorm ”以及常识可知，在暴雨中，为了保护自己，“不要”在快速流动的水中行走或驾车，此处应用祈使句的否定形式，即“Don’t+动词原形”。应填Don’t。
7．A
【解析】句意：——今天天气怎么样？——非常热。我们正经历一场强烈的热浪。
heatwave热浪；temperature温度；activity活动；break休息。根据“very hot”可知，此处表示“热浪”。
8．A
【解析】句意：地震发生时，如果你在室内，你应该躲在桌子下面并抓住桌腿。
hide under躲在……下面；run away from从……逃离；stand under站在……下面；climb onto爬上……。根据常识可知，地震发生时，在室内要躲在桌子等坚固家具下面并抓住桌腿，以保证安全，应填hide under。
9．B
【解析】句意：自然灾害因为气候变化而变得越来越严重。
because因为，后接从句；because of因为，后接名词、代词或动名词等；as因为，后接从句；since因为，后接从句。“climate change”是名词短语，不是完整的句子，所以不能用because、as或since来引导原因，此处应用because of表示“因为”。
10．A
【解析】句意：这场飓风几乎把他的房子吹成了碎片。
根据语境可知，飓风袭击房屋是过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时，动词需用过去式broke，且固定搭配为break…into pieces。
11．D 12．C 13．B 14．D 15．A 16．D 17．B 18．A 19．D 20．A 21．B 22．C 23．B 24．D 25．C
【导语】本文主要介绍了作者在下班前遭遇地震时的惊恐经历、逃生过程以及灾后通讯中断、与家人失联的无助感。
11．句意：我们本可以再有十分钟就动身回家了。
while当……时候；until直到；since自从；before在……之前。根据“There were just ten minutes left ... we could leave for home.”可知，此处要表达的是在“我们”能回家之前只剩下10分钟时间了。故选D。
12．句意：没过多久，震动就变得非常剧烈。
close关闭的；strange奇怪的；strong强壮的；dangerous危险的。根据“In no time the shake became very ...”和常识可知，地震应是由弱变强。此处指很快这种晃动变得非常强烈。故选C。
13．句意：跟随其他人来到门口，但我们出不去。
helped帮助；followed遵循；allowed允许；waited等候。根据“I ... the others to the door but we couldn’t get out.”可知，此处要表达的是“我”跟在其他人后面来到房门处，但是“我们”已经无法出去了。故选B。
14．句意：我躲到桌子底下，用我的胳膊护住头和脖子。
feet脚；legs腿；eyes眼睛；arms胳膊。根据“I stayed under a desk, covering my head and neck with my ...”和常识可知，能用来遮住头部和颈部的应该是手臂。故选D。
15．句意：如果大楼倒塌了，会有人来救我吗？
save拯救；push推；call打电话；notice注意到。根据“Will someone ... me if the building falls down ”可知，如果房子倒塌，那就是死路一条，自己已经逃不出去，只能期待有人能救自己了。故选A。
16．句意：几分钟后，震动停止了。我的两个同事再次尝试打开门，这次成功了！
changed改变；fell摔倒；broke打破；stopped停止。根据“Several minutes later the shake ... Two of my workmates tried to open the door again, and they made it!”可判断这时地震应该是停止了。故选D。
17．句意：我们快速地跑到了街上。
carefully小心地；quickly快速地；easily简单地；loudly大声地。根据“We ran ...to the street.”可知，此处指快速地跑到街上。故选B。
18．句意：眼前的情景太令人难以置信了——街道上满是瓦砾和破碎的木头。
mess脏乱；accident事故；problem问题；mistake错误。根据后文“It was such a(n) ... that we couldn’t believe our eyes—the street was full of debris and broken wood.”可知，大街上是一片狼藉。故选A。
19．句意：越来越多的人走了出来，很多人受伤了。
unlucky不幸的；angry生气地；sad伤心的；hurt受伤的。根据“More and more people came out and many were ...”和常识再结合语境可知地震发生使得有人受伤了。故选D。
20．句意：他们中的许多人只是什么也不做，只是仰望着天空。
in shock震惊地；in person亲自；in place正确地；in danger处于危险中。根据“Lots of them did nothing but look up into the sky ...”可知，突然发生了强烈的地震，很多人被困在室内。当他们好不容易逃出来了，却看到了一片狼藉，他们一定是惊恐万分的。故选A。
21．句意：我们走了很长一段路才到家，一路上没怎么说话。
eating吃；saying说话；playing玩耍；working工作。根据“We walked a long way home not ... much.”可知，此处是描述人们地震后悲伤的状态。故选B。
22．句意：在这种情况下，沟通变得很困难。
proper恰当的；crazy疯狂的；difficult困难的；personal个人的。根据“Communication in such a situation was ...”和常识可知，在发生地震时，通信是困难的。故选C。
23．句意：所以不可能知道朋友们是否安好。
normal正常的；impossible不可能的；necessary必需的；important重要的。根据“Our phones didn’t work because of the earthquake.”可知，查明“我们”的朋友是否平安无事是不可能的。故选B。
24．句意： 我没有办法让在中国的家人知道我还活着。
feel感觉； remember记住； imagine想象； know知道。根据“I had no way of letting my family in China ... that I was still alive.”可知，由于手机没有信号，“我”没有办法让在中国的家人知道“我”还活着。故选D。
25．句意：我只是希望他们能等到明天再发现地震的事。
worry about担心；think about思考；hear about听说；argue about争论。根据“I just hoped that they wouldn’t ... the earthquake until tomorrow.”可知，此处要表达的是“我”只希望家人在明天之前不要获悉地震的消息。故选C。
26．C 27．B 28．A 29．B 30．C
【导语】本文主要介绍了世界上许多地区每年都会发生自然灾害，这些灾害威力巨大且会造成严重破坏，因此了解灾害期间的安全防护方法十分重要，并分别针对地震、雷暴、沙尘暴和飓风，详细说明了对应的安全防护措施。
26．根据第二段“Find a strong table or desk and stay under it”可知，地震时应躲在结实的桌子下。
27．根据第三段“because lightning can travel through wires and pipes”可知，雷暴期间不能洗澡因为闪电可能通过电线和管道传导。
28．根据上下文，沙尘暴降低visibility导致开车危险，可推断visibility意为“能见度”。
29．根据最后一段“Board up windows”可知，飓风来临前应用木板封住窗户。
30．全文分别讲述了地震、雷暴、沙尘暴、飓风中的安全做法，主旨是自然灾害中的安全提示。
31．B 32．C 33．D 34．D 35．D
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述了甘肃兰州榆中县及周边地区突发山洪后的灾害情况、造成的破坏，以及各方展开的救援与抢修工作，体现了灾难面前的积极应对与互助精神。
31．第二段指出：“In some places, 220 millimetres (毫米) of rain fell in just 15 hours. That’s more than half of what the area gets in a whole year!” ，表明15小时内的降雨量超过了该地区全年降雨量的一半。
32．第四段指出：“the provincial transport department (省交通部门) had sent more than 40 big machines, like diggers, and over 200 workers. They worked to fix the roads.”可知，diggers是用于修复道路的大型机械，即挖掘机。
33．第三段指出：“Now that the roads are closed, it's hard for workers to deliver aid to those in need. It's also difficult for people to go out daily.”，表明道路中断导致救援物资无法送达，也影响了人们日常出行。
34．文章前半部分讲述了山洪造成的人员伤亡、财产损失和生活影响，后半部分讲述了交通、电力等部门的救援抢修工作，核心是洪水的危害与各方援助。
35．第四段指出：“But many people are working hard to help. By 6 p.m. on Friday, the provincial transport department had sent more than 40 big machines... over 200 workers.” ，表明列举具体数字是为了直观体现救援力量的规模，说明人们在努力开展救援工作。
36．B 37．B 38．C 39．B 40．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了洪水发生时的应对措施以及洪水过后的注意事项，旨在告知读者如何在洪水中保障自身安全。
36．根据文章第二段“If a flood is coming, you should move to higher ground right away. Do not wait for instructions.”可知，当洪水来临时，应立即转移到地势较高的地方，不要等待指示。
37．根据文章第二段“If you are in a car, do not try to drive through flooded roads. The water may be deeper than it looks, and your car could be swept away.”可知，不要试图开车穿过被洪水淹没的道路，因为水可能比看起来更深，车可能会被冲走，即水可能很深且危险。
38．根据文章第三段“If you have to stay indoors, go to the highest floor of your home.”可知，如果不得不待在室内，应去家里的最高楼层。
39．根据文章最后一段“After the flood, be careful. The water may be polluted. Do not drink it.”可知，洪水过后，水可能被污染了，所以不要喝。
40．根据文章第一段“Knowing what to do during a flood can save your life.”以及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了在洪水期间如何保证安全。
41．A 42．G 43．F 44．E 45．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了龙卷风的危害、避险方法，以及科学家为研究龙卷风所采取的探测手段。
41．根据下文“A safe place could be a basement or the lowest floor”可知，此处提到了安全的地方，A选项“如果龙卷风来袭，找到一个安全的地方很重要。”起到了承上启下的作用，衔接自然。故选A。
42．根据上文“If you are in a home without a basement, try to find a first-floor bathroom or a small room without windows in the middle of your house”可知，此处提到了龙卷风来的时候要怎么做，G选项“你应该蜷缩成一团，用双手护住头部和颈部。”是对避险动作的补充说明，符合语境。故选G。
43．根据上文“But there are some people who actually want to get close to tornadoes. They are scientists who want to learn more about tornadoes”可知，此处提到了科学家为了了解龙卷风需要靠近龙卷风，F选项“做到这一点的最佳方法之一是尽可能靠近龙卷风。”承接了这一内容，引出了下文的探测工具。故选F。
44．根据上文“And some probes even have cameras inside”可知，此处提到了摄像头，E选项“这样科学家就能看到并理解龙卷风内部的情况。”是对探测仪作用的总结，符合逻辑。故选E。
45．根据上文“If they do not guess correctly, they pick up their probe and try another place”可知，此处提到了如果猜不对的情况，D选项“如果他们猜对了，龙卷风就会靠近甚至直接经过探测仪。”承接了这一内容，与后文“如果猜错了就换地方”形成对应，符合语境。故选D。
46．To keep 47．has trained 48．was watching 49．knocked 50．to prepare 51．skills 52．staying 53．helpful 54．has learned/has learnt 55．hardest
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了自然灾害的突发性与危害，以及学校和家庭中学习、演练地震安全知识的经历，同时介绍了灾害中的自救与互助知识。
46．句意：为了保持安全，我们每年必须在学校学习一些安全规则。此处用不定式To keep作目的状语，表达“为了保持安全”的含义。
47．句意：最近，我们的老师已经培训了我们一个月的地震安全知识。时间状语Recently及for a month提示时态为现在完成时，主语our teacher是第三人称单数，故填has trained。
48．句意：上周五晚上，当我正在观看一则关于地震的新闻报道时，我爸爸突然敲门了。while引导的时间状语从句强调“过去正在进行的动作”，用过去进行时was watching。
49．句意：上周五晚上，当我正在观看一则关于地震的新闻报道时，我爸爸突然敲门了。suddenly提示这是过去发生的短暂动作，用一般过去时knocked。
50．句意：他让我立刻和他一起准备我们的应急包。固定搭配ask sb. to do sth. 表示“要求某人做某事”，故填to prepare。
51．句意：这就是我们在家练习地震安全技能的方式。skill是可数名词，此处表示多种安全技能，用复数形式skills。
52．句意：地震期间我们必须避免待在高楼附近。固定搭配avoid doing sth. 表示“避免做某事”，故填staying。
53．句意：听从乐于助人的救援者的建议也很重要。此处用形容词helpful作定语，修饰名词rescuers，表示“乐于助人的”。
54．句意：我的表妹从上学期开始就学习急救知识，她经常告诉我们渡过难关的关键是互相帮助。时间状语since last term提示时态为现在完成时，主语my cousin是第三人称单数，故填has learned/has learnt。
55．句意：我的表妹从上学期开始就学习急救知识，她经常告诉我们渡过难关的关键是互相帮助。根据语境可知，这里表示“度过最艰难的时期”，要用形容词hard的最高级hardest。
56．earthquake 57．heard 58．scared 59．quickly 60．mountains 61．his 62．online 63．spreading 64．basic 65．someone/anyone
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了自然灾害（地震）的突然发生及其对人们生活造成的破坏，同时强调了在现代社会人们可以通过网络了解灾害知识、保护自己，以及在面对灾害时应承担的责任和行动。
56．句意：去年，在山区附近的一个小村庄发生了地震。根据“Natural disasters can happen suddenly and bring great damage (破坏) to people’s lives”可知，此处指自然灾害，结合所给词，earthquake“地震”符合语境，an后跟单数名词。
57．句意：起初，人们听到一种奇怪的声音，感觉地面在震动。根据“a strange noise”可知，是听到声音，hear“听到”，根据“felt”可知，句子用一般过去时，动词用过去式heard。
58．句意：有些人非常害怕，只是待在房子里一动不动。根据“that they just stayed in their houses without moving”可知，人们很害怕，scared“害怕的”，形容词作表语。
59．句意：然而，其他人迅速跑到空地上以保证安全。根据“However, others ran...to the open ground to keep safe”可知，为了安全，人们快速跑到空地上，quick“快速的”，形容词，此处用副词quickly修饰动词。
60．句意：倒塌的房屋中冒出浓烟，一些石头从山上掉了下来。根据“some stones fell from the...”可知，石头从山上掉落，mountain“山”，此处表示复数含义，使用名词复数mountains。
61．句意：一位公共汽车司机停下车来帮助村民。根据“A bus driver stopped...bus”可知，司机停下他的车，修饰名词用形容词性物主代词his“他的”。
62．句意：如今，我们可以在网上了解灾害，知道如何保护自己。根据“we can learn about disasters...”可知，此处指在网上了解灾害，online“在网上”。
63．句意：关心彼此是我们的责任，而不是传播错误消息或制造混乱。根据“wrong news”可知，此处指传播错误消息，spread“传播”，instead of后跟动名词spreading。
64．句意：每个人，作为公民，都有责任了解基本的安全规则。根据“safety rules”可知，此处指基本的安全规则，basic“基本的”，形容词作定语。
65．句意：如果你看到有人有危险，不要只是猜测或袖手旁观——立即呼救。根据“If you see...in danger”可知，此处指看到有人处于危险中，someone/anyone“有人”，符合语境。
66．Three./3. 67．To stay safe during an earthquake. 68．Strong winds and too much rain. 69．Avoid building homes in the areas where floods often happen. 70．Fire. Call 119 as soon as possible. Cover my mouth and nose with a wet cloth. (言之有理即可)
【导语】本文介绍了地震、台风、洪水三种常见自然灾害的特点及应对方法，强调做好准备是保障安全的关键，并说明了解灾害并采取行动可降低伤害风险、加快灾后恢复。
66．根据文中“Earthquakes, typhoons, and floods are common natural disasters...”可知，文中提到了地震、台风和洪水三种自然灾害。故填Three./3.
67．根据文中“Earthquakes suddenly shake the ground, often without warning. To stay safe during an earthquake, people had better ‘Drop, Cover, and Hold On’ until the shaking stops.”可知，地震常毫无预警地突然震动地面，为了在地震中保持安全，人们被建议这样做。故填To stay safe during an earthquake.
68．根据文中“Typhoons... can lead to strong winds and too much rain.”可知，台风会导致强风和大量降雨。故填Strong winds and too much rain.
69．根据文中“To prepare well, avoid building homes in the areas where floods often happen. And don’t put important electrical appliances on the ground in your home.”可知，为预防洪水灾害，人们应避免在洪水频发区建房。故填Avoid building homes in the areas where floods often happen.
70．开放性作答，结合实际，言之有理即可。参考答案为：Fire. Call 119 as soon as possible. Cover my mouth and nose with a wet cloth.
71．【范文】
My Experience in a Natural Disaster
Last summer, a heavy flood hit my hometown. It rained for three days without stopping, and soon the river overflowed. The water covered roads and even entered some houses.
My family and I moved to the second floor to stay safe. We also prepared clean water, food, and a flashlight. My father helped our neighbors move their things to higher places. After the flood, everyone worked together to clean up the mud and repair the damaged houses.
From this experience, I learned that we should always be prepared for natural disasters. It’s also important to help each other in difficult times. Now, I know how to make a safety plan with my family.
【解析】写作步骤
[第一步：审题立意]
确定文体：记叙文，一般过去时为主
明确要点：需包含灾害类型、时间地点、人物行动及学到的安全知识或感悟。
确定人称：第一人称（I），第三人称
注意事项：文中不得出现真实人名、校名；词数100左右
[第二步：构思布局]
三段式结构：
开头段：描述自然灾害的基本信息（类型、时间、地点及简要情况）
主体段：叙述灾害发生时，自己或他人的具体行动，体现应对过程
结尾段：总结从中学到的安全知识或人生感悟，呼应主题
[第三步：要点展开]
要点一：自然灾害的发生背景
时间：last summer
灾害类型：a heavy flood
成因与影响：rained for three days without stopping→river overflowed→water covered roads and entered some houses
拓展词汇：natural disaster自然灾害，flood洪水，overflow泛滥，cover覆盖
要点二：灾害中的应对与互动行动
自我保护：moved to the second floor, prepared clean water, food and a flashlight
互动行为：father helped neighbors move things to higher places
灾后行动：everyone worked together to clean up the mud and repair damaged houses
拓展词汇：stay safe保持安全，prepare准备，flashlight手电筒，repair修缮，clean up清理
要点三：从经历中国获得的感悟与收获
核心感悟1：should always be prepared for the natural disasters
核心感悟2：important to help each other in difficult times
实际收获：know how to make a safety plan with family
拓展词汇：be prepared for为……做好准备，difficult times困难时期，safety plan安全计划
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/ 让学习更有效 单元培优卷 | 英语学科
2025-2026学年八年级英语下册单元素养达标培优卷仁爱科普版
（2024）Unit 9 Power of Nature
满分120分，考试用时120分钟。
注意事项：
1．答卷前、考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试卷上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在指定位置。
2．选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把对应题目的答案标号涂黑。写在试卷、草稿纸上的非答题区域均无效。
3．非选择题的作答：用黑色签字笔直接答在对应的答题区域内，写在试卷、草稿纸上的非答题区域均无效。
4．考试结束后，请将试卷交回。
一、单项选择（共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分）
从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
1．The wind blew ________ yesterday than today. It was really scary.
A．badly B．worse C．worst D．more badly
2．You’d better bring a ________ if you walk on a dark road at night.
A．sandstorm B．flashlight C．supermarket D．aftershock
3．A snowstorm is a storm with strong winds and a lot of ________.
A．rain B．snow C．thunder D．lightning
4．You should limit your outdoor activities ________ the hottest time of the day.
A．on B．in C．at D．for
5．You should ________ in a cool place during the hot summer.
A．stay B．to stay C．staying D．stayed
6．—What can we do to protect ourselves in a rainstorm
—________ walk or drive through fast-moving water.
A．Do B．Don’t C．Please D．Always
7．—What’s the weather like today
—It’s very hot. We are having a strong ________.
A．heatwave B．temperature C．activity D．break
8．During an earthquake, if you are indoors, you should ________ a desk and hang on to its legs.
A．hide under B．run away from C．stand under D．climb onto
9．Natural disasters are becoming worse and worse _______ climate change.
A．because B．because of C．as D．since
10．The hurricane nearly _______ his house _______.
A．broke; into pieces B．break; into piece C．broke; to pieces D．breaking; into pieces
二、完形填空（共15小题; 每小题1分, 满分15分）
I looked at my watch. It was ten to six. There were just ten minutes left 11 we could leave for home. Suddenly the earth began to shake. In no time the shake became very 12 . “Earthquake!” someone shouted. I 13 the others to the door but we couldn’t get out. I stayed under a desk, covering my head and neck with my 14 . “Will someone 15 me if the building falls down Is this the end for me ” I kept thinking about that.
Several minutes later the shake 16 . Two of my workmates tried to open the door again, and they made it! We ran 17 to the street. It was such a(n) 18 that we couldn’t believe our eyes—the street was full of debris and broken wood. More and more people came out and many were 19 . Lots of them did nothing but look up into the sky 20 .
We walked a long way home not 21 much. Some were praying and some were munication in such a situation was 22 . Our phones didn’t work because of the earthquake. So it was 23 to find out if our friends were okay. I had no way of letting my family in China 24 that I was still alive. I just hoped that they wouldn’t 25 the earthquake until tomorrow.
11．A．while B．until C．since D．before
12．A．close B．strange C．strong D．dangerous
13．A．helped B．followed C．allowed D．waited
14．A．feet B．legs C．eyes D．arms
15．A．save B．push C．call D．notice
16．A．changed B．fell C．broke D．stopped
17．A．carefully B．quickly C．easily D．loudly
18．A．mess B．accident C．problem D．mistake
19．A．unlucky B．angry C．sad D．hurt
20．A．in shock B．in person C．in place D．in danger
21．A．eating B．saying C．playing D．working
22．A．proper B．crazy C．difficult D．personal
23．A．normal B．impossible C．necessary D．important
24．A．feel B．remember C．imagine D．know
25．A．worry about B．think about C．hear about D．argue about
三、阅读理解（共两节, 20小题; 每小题2分, 满分40分）
第一节: 阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项。
A
In many parts of the world, natural disasters happen every year. Some of them are very powerful and cause great damage. Knowing how to stay safe during a disaster is important.
For example, during an earthquake, you should drop, cover, and hold on. Find a strong table or desk and stay under it until the shaking stops. If you are in bed, stay there and cover your head with a pillow. Stay away from windows, bookshelves, and heavy furniture that might fall.
During a thunderstorm, it’s best to stay indoors. Avoid using electrical devices or taking a shower because lightning can travel through wires and pipes. If you are outside, never stand under a tall tree. Crouch down low and keep away from metal objects.
In a sandstorm, protect your eyes and mouth. Wear goggles and a mask if you have them. If you are driving, pull over and stay in the car until the storm passes. Sandstorms can reduce visibility greatly, so driving is dangerous.
People who live in areas with hurricanes should prepare early. Board up windows, bring in outdoor furniture, and store enough food and water. When the hurricane comes, stay in a small, windowless room on the lowest floor.
26．What should you do during an earthquake according to the text
A．Run outside quickly. B．Stand near a window.
C．Stay under a strong table. D．Use the elevator.
27．Why shouldn’t you take a shower during a thunderstorm
A．Because water is dirty. B．Because lightning may come through pipes.
C．Because the shower might break. D．Because it’s cold.
28．What does “visibility” probably mean in the fourth paragraph
A．The ability to see clearly. B．The speed of wind.
C．The amount of sand. D．The temperature.
29．Which of the following is TRUE about hurricanes
A．You should stay near windows. B．You should board up the windows before it comes.
C．You should go outside to watch. D．You should stay on the top floor.
30．What is the main idea of the passage
A．Different types of natural disasters. B．How to prepare for a hurricane.
C．Safety tips during natural disasters. D．The causes of natural disasters.
B
Fifteen people died and 28 were missing after flash floods hit Yuzhong County and nearby areas in Lanzhou, Gansu Province. CCTV reported this news, at 6 p.m. on Saturday, according to the local flood control office.
Heavy rains from Thursday to Friday caused the disaster. The rain was very heavy. In some places, 220 millimetres (毫米) of rain fell in just 15 hours. That’s more than half of what the area gets in a whole year! The floods damaged many things: roads were washed out, power lines fell down, and some houses were destroyed. Over 30,000 people had to leave their homes. They couldn’t get clean water or electricity easily.
Two important roads were badly hit: the S104 highway and Xinghuang Road. Nearly 40 kilometres of these roads were damaged. These roads are very useful. People use them to carry food and other goods, and to go from one place to another. Now that the roads are closed, it's hard for workers to deliver (运送) aid to those in need. It's also difficult for people to go out daily.
But many people are working hard to help. By 6 p.m. on Friday, the provincial transport department (省交通部门) had sent more than 40 big machines, like diggers, and over 200 workers. They worked to fix the roads. So far, they have opened three parts of the S104 highway and four parts of Xinghuang Road again.
Other workers are trying to fix the power and water. Many companies are giving help too, like sending tents and food. The rescue and repair work is still going on. Everyone hopes things will get better soon.
31．How much rain fell compared to the area’s usual yearly rain
A．Double the yearly rain. B．Over half of yearly rain.
C．About 1/3 of yearly rain. D．Exactly half of yearly rain.
32．What does the underlined word “diggers” in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A．Tools cleaning water. B．Doctors saving people.
C．Machines fixing roads. D．Helicopters (直升机) finding people.
33．Why did broken roads cause big trouble
A．They made all houses fall.
B．They made the rain heavier.
C．They broke power lines forever.
D．They stopped help from coming and people from travelling.
34．What is the report mainly about
A．How many people were hurt. B．Why the heavy rain happened.
C．Money lost from road damage. D．The flood’s harm and help given.
35．Why does the writer give numbers of machines and workers
A．To say help came too late.
B．To compare different helpers.
C．To explain why power went out.
D．To show how hard people are working.
C
How to Stay Safe in a Flood
Floods are one of the most common natural disasters. They can happen quickly, especially after heavy rain. Knowing what to do during a flood can save your life.
If a flood is coming, you should move to higher ground right away. Do not wait for instructions. Stay away from rivers, streams, and low areas. If you are in a car, do not try to drive through flooded roads. The water may be deeper than it looks, and your car could be swept away.
If you have to stay indoors, go to the highest floor of your home. Turn off electricity and gas to avoid accidents. Do not use electrical appliances if they are wet.
After the flood, be careful. The water may be polluted. Do not drink it. Wait for officials to say it is safe to return home.
36．What should you do first when a flood is coming
A．Wait for instructions. B．Move to higher ground.
C．Stay in your car. D．Turn off electricity.
37．Why shouldn’t you drive through flooded roads
A．Because the car may break down. B．Because the water may be deep and dangerous.
C．Because there are too many cars. D．Because it is against the law.
38．If you stay indoors during a flood, you should ________.
A．stay on the ground floor B．use electrical appliances
C．go to the highest floor D．open all windows
39．After the flood, why should you not drink the water
A．Because it tastes bad. B．Because it may be polluted.
C．Because it is too cold. D．Because there is not enough.
40．What is the main idea of the passage
A．How floods happen. B．How to stay safe during a flood.
C．Why floods are dangerous. D．What to do after a flood.
第二节: 阅读下面短文, 从短文后所给的选项中选出能填入短文空白处的最佳选项, 使短文通顺连贯, 其中有两项是多余选项。
A tornado is a kind of strong storm with air which moves in a circle quickly. They can move over 200 miles per hour and cause a lot of damage (损坏). As they move across the land, they can easily pick up cars, trucks, and even houses, and then throw them very far. 41
A safe place could be a basement (地下室) or the lowest floor. If you are in a home without a basement, try to find a first-floor bathroom or a small room without windows in the middle of your house. 42
But there are some people who actually want to get close to tornadoes. They are scientists who want to learn more about tornadoes. 43 They use special tools to measure what is happening in and around a tornado. One special tool is called a tornado probe (探测仪). Inside the tornado probe, there are sensors (传感器) to measure wind speed, temperature, pressure, and direction. And some probes even have cameras inside. 44
To be able to get these measurements, the scientists have to get a tornado probe near or into a tornado. Scientists will try to guess where a tornado will go next. Then they drive to that location and put down the probe. If they do not guess correctly, they pick up their probe and try another place. 45 Then they take all of the measurements from the probe and use them to predict where future tornadoes may form and travel. And they can give people some warnings to keep away from a dangerous tornado.
A．It is important to find a safe place if a tornado comes.
B．Scientists have no ways to predict the time of tornado.
C．There are also some other difficulties that we cannot think of.
D．If they are right, the tornado will go near or even right over the probe.
E．So the scientists can see and understand what it’s like in a tornado.
F．One of the best ways to do this is to get as close as possible to the tornado.
G．You should curl up (蜷缩) into a ball and cover your head and neck with your hands.
四、词汇运用（共10小题; 每小题1分, 满分10分）
用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空、必要时可添加助动词。
Natural disasters can come without warning, and they often bring great damage to people’s lives. 46 (keep) safe, we must learn some safety rules at school every year.
Recently, our teacher 47 (train) us in earthquake safety for a month. The lessons make me realize it is important to get ready ahead of time. Last Friday evening, while I 48 (watch) a news report about an earthquake, my dad suddenly 49 (knock) at the door. He asked me 50 (prepare) our emergency kit with him at once. This is how we practice earthquake safety 51 (skill) at home.
Knowing what to do during a disaster is just as important as being prepared beforehand. We must avoid 52 (stay) near tall buildings during an earthquake. It’s also important to listen to the advice of 53 (help) rescuers (救援者). My cousin 54 (learn) first-aid knowledge since last term, and she often tells us the key to getting through the 55 (hard) times is to help each other.
五、选词填空（共10小题; 每小题1分, 满分10分）
用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整正确。 (每个单词限用一次，每空限填一个单词。)
spread earthquake he someone quick online hear scared mountain basic
Natural disasters can happen suddenly and bring great damage (破坏) to people’s lives. Last year, an 56 happened in a small village near the mountains. At first, people 57 a strange noise and felt the ground shake. Some were so 58 that they just stayed in their houses without moving. However, others ran 59 to the open ground to keep safe. Thick smoke rose from the falling houses, and some stones fell from the 60 . A bus driver stopped 61 bus to help the villagers.
Nowadays, we can learn about disasters 62 and know how to protect ourselves. It’s our responsibility to care for each other, instead of 63 wrong news or causing a mess. Everyone, as a citizen, has the duty to know 64 safety rules. If you see 65 in danger, don’t just guess or stand by—call for help at once.
六、阅读表达（共 5 小题; 每小题 2分, 满分10分）
Natural disasters can hit anywhere, anytime, and being prepared is the key to staying safe. Earthquakes, typhoons, and floods are common natural disasters that can cause terrible damage and bring serious threats (威胁) to safety. Earthquakes suddenly shake the ground, often without warning. To stay safe during an earthquake, people had better “Drop, Cover, and Hold On(坚持)” until the shaking stops. You can find a strong table to hide under and hold on.
Typhoons, known as hurricanes or cyclones in other parts of the world, can lead to strong winds and too much rain. Before a typhoon arrives, storing necessary things like food, water, and batteries(电池)is important.
Floods can happen when rivers run over because of too much rain. To prepare well, avoid building homes in the areas where floods often happen. And don’t put important electrical appliances (电器) on the ground in your home. Having an emergency plan is also a must.
By understanding these disasters and taking action, communities and people can reduce the risk of harm and recover (恢复) more quickly after disasters happen.
66．How many kinds of natural disasters are mentioned in the text
67．Why are people advised to “Drop, Cover, and Hold On” until the shaking stops
68．What can typhoons cause according to the text
69．What should people avoid doing to prevent flood damage
70．Which other disasters do you know and what will you do in them (列出2点即可)
七、书面表达（共1小题; 满分25分）
71．学校英语俱乐部正在举办题为“My Experience in a Natural Disaster”的征文活动。请你根据以下提示，写一篇短文投稿，描述你经历过或了解的一次自然灾害，并谈谈你从中学会了什么。
提示：
1. 描述自然灾害的类型、发生时间和地点；
2. 叙述你或他人在灾害中的行动；
3. 总结你从中学到的安全知识或感悟。
要求：
1. 短文须包含所有提示要点，可适当发挥；
2. 文中不得出现真实人名、校名；
3. 词数100左右。
My Experience in a Natural Disaster
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/ 让学习更有效 单元培优卷 | 英语学科
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参考答案及试题解析
1．B
【解析】句意：昨天的风刮得比今天更猛烈。真是太可怕了。
badly原级；worse比较级；worst最高级；more badly形式错误。than用于比较级,应填worse。
2．B
【解析】句意：如果你在夜晚走在黑暗的路上，最好带上手电筒。
sandstorm沙尘暴；flashlight 手电筒；supermarket超市；aftershock余震。根据“if you walk on a dark road at night”可知，晚上走在黑暗的路上应带“手电筒”，应填flashlight。
3．B
【解析】句意：暴风雪是一种伴有强风和大量降雪的风暴。
rain雨；snow雪；thunder雷；lightning闪电。根据“A snowstorm is a storm with strong winds and a lot of… .”可知，暴风雪是一种伴有强风和大量降雪的风暴，a lot of后接名词复数/不可数名词，此处应用snow“雪”，不可数名词。
4．C
【解析】句意：你应该在一天中最热的时段限制户外活动。
表示“在一天中的某个时刻”用介词at。on用于具体某一天（如 on Monday），in用于较长时间段（如in the morning），for用于表示持续时长，均不适合此处。
5．A
【解析】句意：在炎热的夏天，你应该待在凉爽的地方。
句中“should”为情态动词，后接动词原形，应填stay。
6．B
【解析】句意：——在暴雨中我们能做什么来保护自己？——不要在快速流动的水中行走或驾车。
Do做；Don’t不要；Please请；Always总是。根据“What can we do to protect ourselves in a rainstorm ”以及常识可知，在暴雨中，为了保护自己，“不要”在快速流动的水中行走或驾车，此处应用祈使句的否定形式，即“Don’t+动词原形”。应填Don’t。
7．A
【解析】句意：——今天天气怎么样？——非常热。我们正经历一场强烈的热浪。
heatwave热浪；temperature温度；activity活动；break休息。根据“very hot”可知，此处表示“热浪”。
8．A
【解析】句意：地震发生时，如果你在室内，你应该躲在桌子下面并抓住桌腿。
hide under躲在……下面；run away from从……逃离；stand under站在……下面；climb onto爬上……。根据常识可知，地震发生时，在室内要躲在桌子等坚固家具下面并抓住桌腿，以保证安全，应填hide under。
9．B
【解析】句意：自然灾害因为气候变化而变得越来越严重。
because因为，后接从句；because of因为，后接名词、代词或动名词等；as因为，后接从句；since因为，后接从句。“climate change”是名词短语，不是完整的句子，所以不能用because、as或since来引导原因，此处应用because of表示“因为”。
10．A
【解析】句意：这场飓风几乎把他的房子吹成了碎片。
根据语境可知，飓风袭击房屋是过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时，动词需用过去式broke，且固定搭配为break…into pieces。
11．D 12．C 13．B 14．D 15．A 16．D 17．B 18．A 19．D 20．A 21．B 22．C 23．B 24．D 25．C
【导语】本文主要介绍了作者在下班前遭遇地震时的惊恐经历、逃生过程以及灾后通讯中断、与家人失联的无助感。
11．句意：我们本可以再有十分钟就动身回家了。
while当……时候；until直到；since自从；before在……之前。根据“There were just ten minutes left ... we could leave for home.”可知，此处要表达的是在“我们”能回家之前只剩下10分钟时间了。故选D。
12．句意：没过多久，震动就变得非常剧烈。
close关闭的；strange奇怪的；strong强壮的；dangerous危险的。根据“In no time the shake became very ...”和常识可知，地震应是由弱变强。此处指很快这种晃动变得非常强烈。故选C。
13．句意：跟随其他人来到门口，但我们出不去。
helped帮助；followed遵循；allowed允许；waited等候。根据“I ... the others to the door but we couldn’t get out.”可知，此处要表达的是“我”跟在其他人后面来到房门处，但是“我们”已经无法出去了。故选B。
14．句意：我躲到桌子底下，用我的胳膊护住头和脖子。
feet脚；legs腿；eyes眼睛；arms胳膊。根据“I stayed under a desk, covering my head and neck with my ...”和常识可知，能用来遮住头部和颈部的应该是手臂。故选D。
15．句意：如果大楼倒塌了，会有人来救我吗？
save拯救；push推；call打电话；notice注意到。根据“Will someone ... me if the building falls down ”可知，如果房子倒塌，那就是死路一条，自己已经逃不出去，只能期待有人能救自己了。故选A。
16．句意：几分钟后，震动停止了。我的两个同事再次尝试打开门，这次成功了！
changed改变；fell摔倒；broke打破；stopped停止。根据“Several minutes later the shake ... Two of my workmates tried to open the door again, and they made it!”可判断这时地震应该是停止了。故选D。
17．句意：我们快速地跑到了街上。
carefully小心地；quickly快速地；easily简单地；loudly大声地。根据“We ran ...to the street.”可知，此处指快速地跑到街上。故选B。
18．句意：眼前的情景太令人难以置信了——街道上满是瓦砾和破碎的木头。
mess脏乱；accident事故；problem问题；mistake错误。根据后文“It was such a(n) ... that we couldn’t believe our eyes—the street was full of debris and broken wood.”可知，大街上是一片狼藉。故选A。
19．句意：越来越多的人走了出来，很多人受伤了。
unlucky不幸的；angry生气地；sad伤心的；hurt受伤的。根据“More and more people came out and many were ...”和常识再结合语境可知地震发生使得有人受伤了。故选D。
20．句意：他们中的许多人只是什么也不做，只是仰望着天空。
in shock震惊地；in person亲自；in place正确地；in danger处于危险中。根据“Lots of them did nothing but look up into the sky ...”可知，突然发生了强烈的地震，很多人被困在室内。当他们好不容易逃出来了，却看到了一片狼藉，他们一定是惊恐万分的。故选A。
21．句意：我们走了很长一段路才到家，一路上没怎么说话。
eating吃；saying说话；playing玩耍；working工作。根据“We walked a long way home not ... much.”可知，此处是描述人们地震后悲伤的状态。故选B。
22．句意：在这种情况下，沟通变得很困难。
proper恰当的；crazy疯狂的；difficult困难的；personal个人的。根据“Communication in such a situation was ...”和常识可知，在发生地震时，通信是困难的。故选C。
23．句意：所以不可能知道朋友们是否安好。
normal正常的；impossible不可能的；necessary必需的；important重要的。根据“Our phones didn’t work because of the earthquake.”可知，查明“我们”的朋友是否平安无事是不可能的。故选B。
24．句意： 我没有办法让在中国的家人知道我还活着。
feel感觉； remember记住； imagine想象； know知道。根据“I had no way of letting my family in China ... that I was still alive.”可知，由于手机没有信号，“我”没有办法让在中国的家人知道“我”还活着。故选D。
25．句意：我只是希望他们能等到明天再发现地震的事。
worry about担心；think about思考；hear about听说；argue about争论。根据“I just hoped that they wouldn’t ... the earthquake until tomorrow.”可知，此处要表达的是“我”只希望家人在明天之前不要获悉地震的消息。故选C。
26．C 27．B 28．A 29．B 30．C
【导语】本文主要介绍了世界上许多地区每年都会发生自然灾害，这些灾害威力巨大且会造成严重破坏，因此了解灾害期间的安全防护方法十分重要，并分别针对地震、雷暴、沙尘暴和飓风，详细说明了对应的安全防护措施。
26．根据第二段“Find a strong table or desk and stay under it”可知，地震时应躲在结实的桌子下。
27．根据第三段“because lightning can travel through wires and pipes”可知，雷暴期间不能洗澡因为闪电可能通过电线和管道传导。
28．根据上下文，沙尘暴降低visibility导致开车危险，可推断visibility意为“能见度”。
29．根据最后一段“Board up windows”可知，飓风来临前应用木板封住窗户。
30．全文分别讲述了地震、雷暴、沙尘暴、飓风中的安全做法，主旨是自然灾害中的安全提示。
31．B 32．C 33．D 34．D 35．D
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述了甘肃兰州榆中县及周边地区突发山洪后的灾害情况、造成的破坏，以及各方展开的救援与抢修工作，体现了灾难面前的积极应对与互助精神。
31．第二段指出：“In some places, 220 millimetres (毫米) of rain fell in just 15 hours. That’s more than half of what the area gets in a whole year!” ，表明15小时内的降雨量超过了该地区全年降雨量的一半。
32．第四段指出：“the provincial transport department (省交通部门) had sent more than 40 big machines, like diggers, and over 200 workers. They worked to fix the roads.”可知，diggers是用于修复道路的大型机械，即挖掘机。
33．第三段指出：“Now that the roads are closed, it's hard for workers to deliver aid to those in need. It's also difficult for people to go out daily.”，表明道路中断导致救援物资无法送达，也影响了人们日常出行。
34．文章前半部分讲述了山洪造成的人员伤亡、财产损失和生活影响，后半部分讲述了交通、电力等部门的救援抢修工作，核心是洪水的危害与各方援助。
35．第四段指出：“But many people are working hard to help. By 6 p.m. on Friday, the provincial transport department had sent more than 40 big machines... over 200 workers.” ，表明列举具体数字是为了直观体现救援力量的规模，说明人们在努力开展救援工作。
36．B 37．B 38．C 39．B 40．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了洪水发生时的应对措施以及洪水过后的注意事项，旨在告知读者如何在洪水中保障自身安全。
36．根据文章第二段“If a flood is coming, you should move to higher ground right away. Do not wait for instructions.”可知，当洪水来临时，应立即转移到地势较高的地方，不要等待指示。
37．根据文章第二段“If you are in a car, do not try to drive through flooded roads. The water may be deeper than it looks, and your car could be swept away.”可知，不要试图开车穿过被洪水淹没的道路，因为水可能比看起来更深，车可能会被冲走，即水可能很深且危险。
38．根据文章第三段“If you have to stay indoors, go to the highest floor of your home.”可知，如果不得不待在室内，应去家里的最高楼层。
39．根据文章最后一段“After the flood, be careful. The water may be polluted. Do not drink it.”可知，洪水过后，水可能被污染了，所以不要喝。
40．根据文章第一段“Knowing what to do during a flood can save your life.”以及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了在洪水期间如何保证安全。
41．A 42．G 43．F 44．E 45．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了龙卷风的危害、避险方法，以及科学家为研究龙卷风所采取的探测手段。
41．根据下文“A safe place could be a basement or the lowest floor”可知，此处提到了安全的地方，A选项“如果龙卷风来袭，找到一个安全的地方很重要。”起到了承上启下的作用，衔接自然。故选A。
42．根据上文“If you are in a home without a basement, try to find a first-floor bathroom or a small room without windows in the middle of your house”可知，此处提到了龙卷风来的时候要怎么做，G选项“你应该蜷缩成一团，用双手护住头部和颈部。”是对避险动作的补充说明，符合语境。故选G。
43．根据上文“But there are some people who actually want to get close to tornadoes. They are scientists who want to learn more about tornadoes”可知，此处提到了科学家为了了解龙卷风需要靠近龙卷风，F选项“做到这一点的最佳方法之一是尽可能靠近龙卷风。”承接了这一内容，引出了下文的探测工具。故选F。
44．根据上文“And some probes even have cameras inside”可知，此处提到了摄像头，E选项“这样科学家就能看到并理解龙卷风内部的情况。”是对探测仪作用的总结，符合逻辑。故选E。
45．根据上文“If they do not guess correctly, they pick up their probe and try another place”可知，此处提到了如果猜不对的情况，D选项“如果他们猜对了，龙卷风就会靠近甚至直接经过探测仪。”承接了这一内容，与后文“如果猜错了就换地方”形成对应，符合语境。故选D。
46．To keep 47．has trained 48．was watching 49．knocked 50．to prepare 51．skills 52．staying 53．helpful 54．has learned/has learnt 55．hardest
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了自然灾害的突发性与危害，以及学校和家庭中学习、演练地震安全知识的经历，同时介绍了灾害中的自救与互助知识。
46．句意：为了保持安全，我们每年必须在学校学习一些安全规则。此处用不定式To keep作目的状语，表达“为了保持安全”的含义。
47．句意：最近，我们的老师已经培训了我们一个月的地震安全知识。时间状语Recently及for a month提示时态为现在完成时，主语our teacher是第三人称单数，故填has trained。
48．句意：上周五晚上，当我正在观看一则关于地震的新闻报道时，我爸爸突然敲门了。while引导的时间状语从句强调“过去正在进行的动作”，用过去进行时was watching。
49．句意：上周五晚上，当我正在观看一则关于地震的新闻报道时，我爸爸突然敲门了。suddenly提示这是过去发生的短暂动作，用一般过去时knocked。
50．句意：他让我立刻和他一起准备我们的应急包。固定搭配ask sb. to do sth. 表示“要求某人做某事”，故填to prepare。
51．句意：这就是我们在家练习地震安全技能的方式。skill是可数名词，此处表示多种安全技能，用复数形式skills。
52．句意：地震期间我们必须避免待在高楼附近。固定搭配avoid doing sth. 表示“避免做某事”，故填staying。
53．句意：听从乐于助人的救援者的建议也很重要。此处用形容词helpful作定语，修饰名词rescuers，表示“乐于助人的”。
54．句意：我的表妹从上学期开始就学习急救知识，她经常告诉我们渡过难关的关键是互相帮助。时间状语since last term提示时态为现在完成时，主语my cousin是第三人称单数，故填has learned/has learnt。
55．句意：我的表妹从上学期开始就学习急救知识，她经常告诉我们渡过难关的关键是互相帮助。根据语境可知，这里表示“度过最艰难的时期”，要用形容词hard的最高级hardest。
56．earthquake 57．heard 58．scared 59．quickly 60．mountains 61．his 62．online 63．spreading 64．basic 65．someone/anyone
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了自然灾害（地震）的突然发生及其对人们生活造成的破坏，同时强调了在现代社会人们可以通过网络了解灾害知识、保护自己，以及在面对灾害时应承担的责任和行动。
56．句意：去年，在山区附近的一个小村庄发生了地震。根据“Natural disasters can happen suddenly and bring great damage (破坏) to people’s lives”可知，此处指自然灾害，结合所给词，earthquake“地震”符合语境，an后跟单数名词。
57．句意：起初，人们听到一种奇怪的声音，感觉地面在震动。根据“a strange noise”可知，是听到声音，hear“听到”，根据“felt”可知，句子用一般过去时，动词用过去式heard。
58．句意：有些人非常害怕，只是待在房子里一动不动。根据“that they just stayed in their houses without moving”可知，人们很害怕，scared“害怕的”，形容词作表语。
59．句意：然而，其他人迅速跑到空地上以保证安全。根据“However, others ran...to the open ground to keep safe”可知，为了安全，人们快速跑到空地上，quick“快速的”，形容词，此处用副词quickly修饰动词。
60．句意：倒塌的房屋中冒出浓烟，一些石头从山上掉了下来。根据“some stones fell from the...”可知，石头从山上掉落，mountain“山”，此处表示复数含义，使用名词复数mountains。
61．句意：一位公共汽车司机停下车来帮助村民。根据“A bus driver stopped...bus”可知，司机停下他的车，修饰名词用形容词性物主代词his“他的”。
62．句意：如今，我们可以在网上了解灾害，知道如何保护自己。根据“we can learn about disasters...”可知，此处指在网上了解灾害，online“在网上”。
63．句意：关心彼此是我们的责任，而不是传播错误消息或制造混乱。根据“wrong news”可知，此处指传播错误消息，spread“传播”，instead of后跟动名词spreading。
64．句意：每个人，作为公民，都有责任了解基本的安全规则。根据“safety rules”可知，此处指基本的安全规则，basic“基本的”，形容词作定语。
65．句意：如果你看到有人有危险，不要只是猜测或袖手旁观——立即呼救。根据“If you see...in danger”可知，此处指看到有人处于危险中，someone/anyone“有人”，符合语境。
66．Three./3. 67．To stay safe during an earthquake. 68．Strong winds and too much rain. 69．Avoid building homes in the areas where floods often happen. 70．Fire. Call 119 as soon as possible. Cover my mouth and nose with a wet cloth. (言之有理即可)
【导语】本文介绍了地震、台风、洪水三种常见自然灾害的特点及应对方法，强调做好准备是保障安全的关键，并说明了解灾害并采取行动可降低伤害风险、加快灾后恢复。
66．根据文中“Earthquakes, typhoons, and floods are common natural disasters...”可知，文中提到了地震、台风和洪水三种自然灾害。故填Three./3.
67．根据文中“Earthquakes suddenly shake the ground, often without warning. To stay safe during an earthquake, people had better ‘Drop, Cover, and Hold On’ until the shaking stops.”可知，地震常毫无预警地突然震动地面，为了在地震中保持安全，人们被建议这样做。故填To stay safe during an earthquake.
68．根据文中“Typhoons... can lead to strong winds and too much rain.”可知，台风会导致强风和大量降雨。故填Strong winds and too much rain.
69．根据文中“To prepare well, avoid building homes in the areas where floods often happen. And don’t put important electrical appliances on the ground in your home.”可知，为预防洪水灾害，人们应避免在洪水频发区建房。故填Avoid building homes in the areas where floods often happen.
70．开放性作答，结合实际，言之有理即可。参考答案为：Fire. Call 119 as soon as possible. Cover my mouth and nose with a wet cloth.
71．【范文】
My Experience in a Natural Disaster
Last summer, a heavy flood hit my hometown. It rained for three days without stopping, and soon the river overflowed. The water covered roads and even entered some houses.
My family and I moved to the second floor to stay safe. We also prepared clean water, food, and a flashlight. My father helped our neighbors move their things to higher places. After the flood, everyone worked together to clean up the mud and repair the damaged houses.
From this experience, I learned that we should always be prepared for natural disasters. It’s also important to help each other in difficult times. Now, I know how to make a safety plan with my family.
【解析】写作步骤
[第一步：审题立意]
确定文体：记叙文，一般过去时为主
明确要点：需包含灾害类型、时间地点、人物行动及学到的安全知识或感悟。
确定人称：第一人称（I），第三人称
注意事项：文中不得出现真实人名、校名；词数100左右
[第二步：构思布局]
三段式结构：
开头段：描述自然灾害的基本信息（类型、时间、地点及简要情况）
主体段：叙述灾害发生时，自己或他人的具体行动，体现应对过程
结尾段：总结从中学到的安全知识或人生感悟，呼应主题
[第三步：要点展开]
要点一：自然灾害的发生背景
时间：last summer
灾害类型：a heavy flood
成因与影响：rained for three days without stopping→river overflowed→water covered roads and entered some houses
拓展词汇：natural disaster自然灾害，flood洪水，overflow泛滥，cover覆盖
要点二：灾害中的应对与互动行动
自我保护：moved to the second floor, prepared clean water, food and a flashlight
互动行为：father helped neighbors move things to higher places
灾后行动：everyone worked together to clean up the mud and repair damaged houses
拓展词汇：stay safe保持安全，prepare准备，flashlight手电筒，repair修缮，clean up清理
要点三：从经历中国获得的感悟与收获
核心感悟1：should always be prepared for the natural disasters
核心感悟2：important to help each other in difficult times
实际收获：know how to make a safety plan with family
拓展词汇：be prepared for为……做好准备，difficult times困难时期，safety plan安全计划
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