2026届高考英语-重难点练习卷17、冠词、介词、代词、连词的功能判断导学案（含答案）

2026高考英语·重难点练习卷17
语法填空——纯空格: 冠词、介词、代词、连词的功能判断
【核心知识·深度解读】
语法填空中，纯空格题（无提示词）通常考查四类词：冠词、介词、代词、连词。解题时需根据空格在句中的位置、前后词的搭配以及逻辑关系来判断。近三年高考真题中，纯空格题约占语法填空总题数的40%，主要考查基本功能而非特殊用法。
一、冠词 (a/an/the)
冠词 基本用法 常见考点
不定冠词 a/an 泛指“一个”，初次提及，表示类别 a + 辅音音素开头的词；an + 元音音素开头的词；固定搭配（a lot of, as a result）
定冠词 the 特指，双方都知道，上文提及，独一无二，序数词/最高级前 the same, the only, play the piano, by the way
零冠词 复数名词表泛指，抽象名词/物质名词表泛指，季节/月份/星期/节假日，球类/三餐/学科 at noon, in spring, go to school, have breakfast
解题关键： 看名词是否可数、单复数、是否特指、是否有修饰语、是否固定搭配。
二、介词 (in/on/at/for/of/about/with/without/by/from...)
介词 主要用法 常见考点
时间介词 in (年/月/季节), on (具体某天/星期), at (时刻), for (持续), since (自从), by (截止), during (在…期间) in 2024, on Monday, at 5 o'clock, for two hours
地点介词 in (大地点), at (小地点/点), on (表面), above/below, over/under, between/among in China, at the bus stop, on the table
方式介词 by (通过某种方式), with (用具体工具), in (用某种语言) by bus, with a pen, in English
其他介词 of (所属), for (目的/对象), about (关于), from (来自), with (伴随), without (没有) a friend of mine, good for health, differ from
解题关键： 注意固定搭配（动词+介词、形容词+介词、名词+介词）和上下文的语义逻辑。
三、代词 (人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词、it的用法)
代词类型 功能 常见考点
人称代词 主格作主语，宾格作宾语 I, you, he, she, it, we, they (主格); me, you, him, her, it, us, them (宾格)
物主代词 形容词性物主代词+名词；名词性物主代词单独使用 my/mine, your/yours, his/his, her/hers, its/its, our/ours, their/theirs
反身代词 强调或表示动作回到主语 myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves
指示代词 this/that (单数), these/those (复数) This is my book. Those are her pens.
不定代词 some, any, no, none, all, both, either, neither, each, every, other, another, much, many, few, little, etc. some用于肯定，any用于否定/疑问；两者用both/either/neither，三者以上用all/any/none
it 指代物、时间、距离、天气，作形式主语/宾语，用于强调句型 It's raining. It takes time. I find it easy.
解题关键： 指代一致（性别、单复数），在句中的成分（主/宾/所有格），固定句型（it is...that...）。
四、连词 (并列连词和从属连词)
连词类型 功能 常见词
并列连词 连接并列的词、短语或句子 and (顺承), but/yet (转折), or (选择/否则), so (因果), for (原因), while (对比)
从属连词 引导名词性从句/状语从句 that, whether/if, because, since, as, although, though, when, while, as soon as, until, unless, so that, in order that, so...that, such...that
解题关键： 分析前后句的逻辑关系（因果、转折、并列、条件、让步、时间、目的等）；从句类型（名词性从句看成分，状语从句看意义）。
五、解题三步法
① 分析句子结构：确定缺什么成分（主语、宾语、定语、状语，还是连接两个句子）。
② 判断词类：根据缺失的功能确定可能需要的词类（冠/介/代/连）。
③ 结合语境和搭配：选择符合语义和固定搭配的具体词。
题型：阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词（每空一词）。
专项突破·语法填空
Passage 1 (主题：屠呦呦的故事)
Tu Youyou is 1.________ well-known Chinese scientist. She was born 2.________ Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, in 1930. 3.________ 1951, she was admitted to Peking University, 4.________ she studied pharmacy. After graduation, she devoted herself 5.________ traditional Chinese medicine research. In 1969, she became head of 6.________ project to find a cure for malaria. Her team examined over 2,000 ancient Chinese medical texts. Finally, 7.________ took them 191 experiments to successfully extract artemisinin. 8.________ discovery earned her the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2015. She is the first Chinese woman 9.________ win a Nobel Prize. Her story shows that perseverance and dedication lead 10.________ great achievements.
1.________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________ 5.________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________ 9.________ 10.________
Passage 2 (主题：线上学习的利弊)
Online learning has become increasingly popular. 11.________ offers flexibility that traditional classrooms cannot provide. Students can learn at 12.________ own pace and schedule. 13.________, it also has challenges. For example, some students struggle with self-discipline 14.________ they have no teacher watching them. 15.________ is important for learners to set a routine. Many platforms provide interactive tools 16.________ make learning engaging. 17.________ addition, students can access resources from all over 18.________ world. However, not everyone has reliable internet access, 19.________ creates inequality. Despite these issues, online education will likely continue to grow 20.________ the future.
11.________ 12.________ 13.________ 14.________ 15.________ 16.________ 17.________ 18.________ 19.________ 20.________
Passage 3 (主题：一次难忘的旅行)
Last summer, I went on 21.________ unforgettable trip to Zhangjiajie. The scenery there is absolutely breathtaking. 22.________ first day, we visited the famous Avatar Mountain. 23.________ took us about two hours to hike to the top. 24.________ the way, we saw many monkeys playing 25.________ the trees. The view from the top was worth 26.________ effort. We stayed there for three days, and 27.________ day we discovered something new. On 28.________ last day, we took a boat ride on Baofeng Lake. 29.________ water was so clear that we could see the fish swimming. I will never forget 30.________ beautiful experience.
21.________ 22.________ 23.________ 24.________ 25.________ 26.________ 27.________ 28.________ 29.________ 30.________
Passage 4 (主题：健康的生活方式)
Staying healthy requires more than just exercise. 31.________ is essential to eat a balanced diet. Make sure to include plenty of fruits and vegetables 32.________ your meals. 33.________, drinking enough water is crucial. Many people don't realize 34.________ important sleep is for overall health. Adults need seven to nine hours 35.________ sleep per night. 36.________ you don't get enough rest, your immune system weakens. Stress is 37.________ another factor that affects health. Find healthy ways to relax, such as reading 38.________ listening to music. Remember, small changes can lead 39.________ big improvements. 40.________ all, consistency is key.
31.________ 32.________ 33.________ 34.________ 35.________ 36.________ 37.________ 38.________ 39.________ 40.________
Passage 5 (主题：人工智能的发展)
Artificial intelligence is rapidly changing our world. 41.________, not everyone understands what AI really is. In simple terms, AI refers 42.________ machines that can perform tasks that typically require human intelligence. These tasks include learning, reasoning, and problem-solving. 43.________ example, AI powers virtual assistants like Siri and Alexa. 44.________ are also used in healthcare to diagnose diseases. However, some people worry 45.________ AI might replace human jobs. While 46.________ is true that some jobs will disappear, new ones will also be created. 47.________ key is to adapt and learn new skills. Governments and companies must work together 48.________ ensure that AI benefits everyone. 49.________ we approach this technology wisely, it can greatly improve our lives. The future 50.________ AI is full of possibilities.
41.________ 42.________ 43.________ 44.________ 45.________ 46.________ 47.________ 48.________ 49.________ 50.________
Passage 6 (主题：环境保护)
Environmental protection is one of the biggest challenges 51.________ our time. Climate change, pollution, and loss of biodiversity threaten 52.________ planet. Many countries have taken steps to address these issues. 53.________ instance, the Paris Agreement aims to limit global warming. Individuals can also make 54.________ difference. Simple actions like recycling, reducing energy consumption, and using public transportation all help. 55.________, we need collective action to create lasting change. It's important 56.________ educate young people about environmental issues. 57.________ they are the ones who will inherit the earth. Governments should invest 58.________ renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power. 59.________ everyone does their part, we can build a more sustainable future. The time to act is now, not 60.________ later.
51.________ 52.________ 53.________ 54.________ 55.________ 56.________ 57.________ 58.________ 59.________ 60.________
参考答案与解析（含词类分析）
Passage 1
1. a —— 泛指“一位著名的科学家”，well-known以辅音音素开头，用a。
2. in —— 地点介词，宁波是大地点，用in。
3. In —— 年份前用in。
4. where —— 定语从句，先行词Peking University，从句缺地点状语，用where。
5. to —— 固定搭配 devote oneself to (致力于)，to为介词。
6. a —— 泛指“一个项目”，project以辅音开头，用a。
7. it —— 固定句型 it takes sb time to do sth。
8. The —— 特指前面提到的青蒿素的发现，用the。
9. to —— 不定式作定语，修饰the first Chinese woman (序数词后常用不定式)。
10. to —— 固定搭配 lead to (导致)。
Passage 2
11. It —— 指代Online learning，用it。
12. their —— 指代students，形容词性物主代词。
13. However —— 前后转折，用however（注意首字母大写）。
14. because —— 因果关系，解释原因。
15. It —— 形式主语，真正主语是to set a routine。
16. that/which —— 定语从句，先行词tools，关系词作主语。
17. In —— 固定搭配 in addition (此外)。
18. the —— 固定搭配 all over the world (全世界)。
19. which —— 非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个句子，用which。
20. in —— 固定搭配 in the future (在未来)。
Passage 3
21. an —— 泛指，unforgettable以元音音素开头，用an。
22. On —— 具体某一天用on，On the first day。
23. It —— 固定句型 It took us time to do。
24. On —— 固定搭配 on the way (在路上)。
25. in —— 在树上（外来物用in the tree）。
26. the —— 特指前面的努力，the effort。
27. each/every —— 每天，each day 或 every day。
28. the —— 特指最后一天，the last day。
29. The —— 特指湖里的水。
30. this/that —— 指代这次经历，用this/that均可。
Passage 4
31. It —— 形式主语，真正主语是to eat a balanced diet。
32. in —— 在餐中，in your meals。
33. Also/Moreover —— 递进关系。
34. how —— 宾语从句，how important (多么重要)。
35. of —— 所属关系，hours of sleep。
36. If/When —— 条件或时间状语从句。
37. yet/even —— 强调“另一个”，yet another 或 even another。
38. or —— 选择关系。
39. to —— lead to 导致。
40. Above —— above all (最重要的是)。
Passage 5
41. However —— 转折，前文说AI改变世界，后文说不是所有人都理解。
42. to —— refer to 指的是。
43. For —— for example 例如。
44. They —— 指代AI systems。
45. that —— 宾语从句，worry that。
46. it —— 形式主语，true that...。
47. The —— 特指关键因素，the key。
48. to —— 不定式表目的，work together to ensure。
49. If —— 条件状语从句。
50. of —— 所属关系，the future of AI。
Passage 6
51. of —— 所属，challenges of our time。
52. the —— 特指地球，the planet。
53. For —— for instance 例如。
54. a —— make a difference 有影响。
55. However —— 转折，个人行动重要，但集体行动更关键。
56. to —— 不定式作主语，It's important to educate。
57. Because/As/Since —— 原因状语从句。
58. in —— invest in 投资于。
59. If —— 条件状语从句。
60. much —— not much later (不久以后)，也可填too但不太合适，填much表示“不是很久以后”。
教学使用建议： 建议学生先通读全文把握大意，再逐句分析结构，确定空格的功能（缺主语/宾语/定语/状语/连接词等）。重点关注固定搭配和上下文逻辑关系，积累常见介词短语和连词用法。教师可引导学生总结每篇中的考点分布，强化纯空格题的解题思维。