2026届高考英语-重难点练习卷18-词性转换：-tion,-al,-ive,-ly等后缀及否定前缀高频导学案（含答案）

2026高考英语·重难点练习卷18
词性转换：-tion, -al, -ive, -ly等后缀及否定前缀高频
【核心知识·深度解读】
词性转换是语法填空和短文改错中的必考点，主要考查通过添加后缀改变词性（如名词、形容词、副词）以及通过前缀改变词义（特别是否定前缀）。近三年真题显示，高频后缀包括：-tion/-sion（名词）、-al（形容词）、-ive（形容词）、-ly（副词）；否定前缀包括：un-, in-/im-/il-/ir-, dis-, non-等。掌握常见转换规则和拼写变化是解题关键。
一、常见后缀及功能
后缀 功能 例词
-tion / -sion 动词→名词 invent → invention; decide → decision
-ment 动词→名词 develop → development; achieve → achievement
-ness 形容词→名词 happy → happiness; kind → kindness
-ity / -ty 形容词→名词 able → ability; safe → safety
-al 名词→形容词 culture → cultural; nature → natural
-ive 动词→形容词 attract → attractive; create → creative
-ous 名词→形容词 danger → dangerous; fame → famous
-ful / -less 名词→形容词 help → helpful / helpless; care → careful / careless
-able / -ible 动词→形容词 enjoy → enjoyable; access → accessible
-y 名词→形容词 sun → sunny; health → healthy
-ly 形容词→副词 quick → quickly; happy → happily
二、常见否定前缀
前缀 用法 例词
un- 加在形容词、分词前 happy → unhappy; expected → unexpected
in- 加在以字母开头的形容词前（im- before b/m/p; il- before l; ir- before r） correct → incorrect; possible → impossible; legal → illegal; regular → irregular
dis- 加在动词、形容词前 agree → disagree; honest → dishonest
non- 加在名词、形容词前 smoker → non-smoker; profit → non-profit
mis- 加在动词、名词前，表示错误 understand → misunderstand; fortune → misfortune
三、解题三步法
① 确定句子所需词性：分析空格在句中的成分（主语/宾语/表语→名词；定语/表语→形容词；状语→副词；谓语→动词）。
② 根据所给词进行转换：添加适当后缀变为所需词性，注意拼写变化（如-y结尾变i加ness等）。
③ 检查语义是否通顺：根据上下文判断是否需要加否定前缀使句意合理。
专项突破·词性转换
Passage 1 (主题：人工智能的利弊)
Artificial intelligence has become a topic of great 1.________ (important) in recent years. Many companies are making 2.________ (invest) in AI research. The 3.________ (develop) of self-driving cars is one 4.________ (impress) example. However, there are also 5.________ (worry) about job losses. Some people believe that AI will bring 6.________ (convenient) to our daily lives, while others argue that it may be 7.________ (harm) to privacy. It is 8.________ (doubt) that AI will change the world in ways we cannot fully predict. To ensure a 9.________ (sustain) future, we need 10.________ (care) planning and international cooperation.
1.________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________ 5.________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________ 9.________ 10.________
Passage 2 (主题：环保行动)
Environmental 11.________ (protect) is a shared responsibility. Many countries have taken 12.________ (effect) measures to reduce pollution. For instance, the use of plastic bags has been 13.________ (legal) in some regions. 14.________ (recycle) programs are becoming more common. However, some people remain 15.________ (aware) of the urgency. It is 16.________ (necessary) to educate the public about the 17.________ (important) of conservation. Small actions, like turning off lights when not in use, can make a big 18.________ (different). Governments should also invest in 19.________ (renew) energy sources. Only through 20.________ (continue) efforts can we protect our planet.
11.________ 12.________ 13.________ 14.________ 15.________ 16.________ 17.________ 18.________ 19.________ 20.________
Passage 3 (主题：健康生活)
Maintaining a healthy lifestyle requires 21.________ (commit) and discipline. Regular exercise is 22.________ (benefit) for both physical and mental health. It helps reduce stress and improve 23.________ (sleep) quality. A 24.________ (balance) diet is equally important. Eating plenty of fruits and vegetables provides 25.________ (essence) nutrients. 26.________ (fortunate), many people ignore these basics due to busy schedules. Long hours of sitting can be 27.________ (harm) to health, so it's advisable to take 28.________ (frequent) breaks. Remember, even small changes can lead to 29.________ (significance) improvements over time. Your health is your most 30.________ (value) asset.
21.________ 22.________ 23.________ 24.________ 25.________ 26.________ 27.________ 28.________ 29.________ 30.________
Passage 4 (主题：教育公平)
Access to quality education is a 31.________ (fundament) right. However, in many parts of the world, children face 32.________ (equal) opportunities. Poverty and 33.________ (geograph) location are major barriers. 34.________ (fortune), some organizations are working to bridge this gap. They provide 35.________ (afford) learning materials and 36.________ (scholar) to disadvantaged students. Technology also plays a 37.________ (help) role by offering online courses. But there is still a long way to go. 38.________ (educate) reform is needed to ensure that every child has a 39.________ (hope) future. It is our 40.________ (collect) responsibility to make education accessible to all.
31.________ 32.________ 33.________ 34.________ 35.________ 36.________ 37.________ 38.________ 39.________ 40.________
Passage 5 (主题：科技创新)
The 41.________ (invent) of the smartphone has revolutionized communication. These devices are 42.________ (incredible) powerful and versatile. They allow us to access 43.________ (inform) instantly and stay connected with others. However, 44.________ (excess) use can lead to addiction. Many people feel 45.________ (anxiety) when separated from their phones. 46.________ (research) are studying the effects of screen time on mental health. Some suggest taking regular 47.________ (digital) detoxes to maintain a healthy balance. The key is to use technology in a 48.________ (meaning) way, rather than letting it control our lives. 49.________ (wise) use of technology can enhance our productivity and 50.________ (create).
41.________ 42.________ 43.________ 44.________ 45.________ 46.________ 47.________ 48.________ 49.________ 50.________
Passage 6 (主题：文化多样性)
Cultural diversity is one of humanity's greatest 51.________ (rich). It makes our world more 52.________ (color) and interesting. Each culture has its own unique traditions, languages, and 53.________ (believe). Learning about other cultures fosters 54.________ (understand) and respect. In today's globalized world, 55.________ (culture) exchange is more common than ever. However, some cultures are at risk of 56.________ (appear) due to globalization. It is 57.________ (essence) to preserve cultural heritage for future generations. Governments and organizations should take 58.________ (act) to protect 59.________ (endanger) cultures. By valuing diversity, we can build a more 60.________ (peace) and inclusive world.
51.________ 52.________ 53.________ 54.________ 55.________ 56.________ 57.________ 58.________ 59.________ 60.________
参考答案与解析（含词性分析）
Passage 1
1. importance —— 介词of后需用名词，important的名词形式。
2. investments —— make investments 进行投资，invest的名词复数。
3. development —— 作主语，用名词形式。
4. impressive —— 修饰example，用形容词。
5. worries —— 作there be的主语，用名词复数（担心的事情）。
6. convenience —— 作bring的宾语，用名词。
7. harmful —— 作表语，be harmful to 对…有害。
8. undoubted —— 修饰that从句，It is undoubted that... 毫无疑问。
9. sustainable —— 修饰future，用形容词。
10. careful —— 修饰planning，用形容词。
Passage 2
11. protection —— 名词作主语，environmental protection 环境保护。
12. effective —— 修饰measures，用形容词。
13. illegal —— 根据语境，应该是“非法的”，legal加否定前缀il-。
14. Recycling —— 名词作定语，recycling programs 回收项目。
15. unaware —— 系动词remain后接形容词，根据句意“没有意识到”，加否定前缀un-。
16. necessary —— It is necessary to do 做…是必要的。
17. importance —— the importance of ...的重要性。
18. difference —— make a difference 有影响。
19. renewable —— renewable energy 可再生能源。
20. continuous —— 修饰efforts，用形容词。
Passage 3
21. commitment —— 介词后需用名词，commitment to sth.
22. beneficial —— be beneficial to 对…有益。
23. sleep —— 名词作定语，sleep quality 睡眠质量。sleep本身可作名词。
24. balanced —— balanced diet 均衡饮食。
25. essential —— 修饰nutrients，用形容词。
26. Unfortunately —— 副词修饰整个句子，表示“不幸的是”。
27. harmful —— be harmful to 对…有害。
28. frequent —— 修饰breaks，用形容词。
29. significant —— 修饰improvements，用形容词。
30. valuable —— 修饰asset，用形容词。
Passage 4
31. fundamental —— 修饰right，用形容词。
32. unequal —— 修饰opportunities，用形容词，否定前缀un-表示“不平等的”。
33. geographical —— 修饰location，用形容词。
34. Fortunately —— 副词修饰整个句子，表示“幸运的是”。
35. affordable —— 修饰learning materials，用形容词。
36. scholarships —— 名词，奖学金，与materials并列。
37. helpful —— 修饰role，用形容词。
38. Educational —— 修饰reform，用形容词。
39. hopeful —— 修饰future，用形容词。
40. collective —— 修饰responsibility，用形容词。
Passage 5
41. invention —— 名词作主语，the invention of ...。
42. incredibly —— 修饰powerful，用副词。
43. information —— 名词作宾语。
44. excessive —— 修饰use，用形容词。
45. anxious —— 系动词feel后接形容词。
46. Researchers —— 名词作主语，研究者。
47. digital —— 修饰detoxes，用形容词。
48. meaningful —— 修饰way，用形容词。
49. Wise —— 修饰use，用形容词。
50. creativity —— 与productivity并列，用名词。
Passage 6
51. riches —— 名词复数，表示“财富”。
52. colorful —— 形容词作宾补，make our world more colorful。
53. beliefs —— 名词复数，与traditions, languages并列。
54. understanding —— 名词作宾语。
55. cultural —— 修饰exchange，用形容词。
56. disappearing —— 介词of后需用名词或动名词，at risk of disappearing 面临消失的危险。
57. essential —— It is essential to do 做…是必要的。
58. action —— take action 采取行动。
59. endangered —— endangered cultures 濒危文化。
60. peaceful —— 修饰world，用形容词。
教学使用建议： 建议学生先判断空格所需词性，再根据所给词进行适当转换，注意拼写规则和否定前缀的运用。教师可引导学生总结常见后缀的规律，并积累高频派生词。通过本练习，强化词性转换的敏感度和准确性。