高一定语从句(1)——关系代词学案（必修一U4 Natural disasters）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
高一定语从句——关系代词学案（必修一U4 Natural disasters）
一、学习目标
1. 理解限制性定语从句的基本概念和功能
2. 掌握关系代词who, whom, which, that, whose的用法
3. 能够区分that与which、that与who的差异
4. 能够在句子中正确运用限制性定语从句
二、基本概念
1. 什么是限制性定语从句？
· 定义：对先行词起限定和修饰作用的从句，是主句意思不可缺少的部分,使先行词的意义更明确、具体
· The teacher is very kind.（哪个老师？不明确）
· The teacher who teaches us English is very kind.（明确了是“教我们英语的老师”）
2. 关系代词的作用
关系代词 指代 在从句中充当成分
who 人 主语、宾语（口语）
whom 人 宾语
which 物/动物 主语、宾语
that 人/物 主语、宾语
whose 人/物 定语（表示所属关系）
三、各关系代词的用法
1.The people who/that called yesterday want to buy the house.
2.The man (whom/who/that) I have to phone lives in Canada.
3.She was not in the train which /that arrived just now.
4.This is the book (which/that) you wanted.
5.The girl whose work got the prize is the youngest in her class.
6.It’s the house whose door is painted red.
1.关系代词who指_____, 在定语从句中作_______或_____。
2.关系代词whom指_____, 在定语从句中作_____, 在口语和非正式文体中可用___ 或_____替换。
3.关系代词which指____,在定语从句中作_______或_____。
4.关系代词that既可以指___也可以指___,在定语从句中作_______或_____。
5.关系代词whose既可指___也可以指___,在定语从句中作_____。
四、重点区别与使用规则
that 与 which 的区别
介词后不用that，有逗号不用that
下列情况通常用that:
１．当先行词是下列不定代词或被它们修饰时: much, little, none, all, few, every(thing), any(thing), no(thing) 等
2．先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时．
3．先行词被the only, the very, the right, the last等修饰时。
4．主句是以which开头的疑问句
5．先行词既有人又有物时 。
例句：
1. This is the most interesting book that I have ever read.（最高级）
2. He told me everything that he knew.（不定代词）
3. The pen with which he is writing is new.（介词后）
4. This is the same bike that I lost yesterday.（the same修饰）
that 与 who 的区别
先行词是those, one, ones且指人是用who,
主句是以who开头的疑问句, 用that
先行词为the way 的引导词
the way 做先行词时,先看后面定语从句中缺什么：
缺主语或宾语:引导词用that / which / 省略(缺宾语时)
不缺主语或宾语（即作方式状语）:引导词用that / in which / 省略
1. The way _________________ he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand.
2. The way _________________ he explained to us was quite simple.
五、使用注意事项
1. 关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略：
· The book (which/that) I borrowed is interesting.
· The man (who/whom/that) you saw is my father.
2. 定语从句中不再重复使用与先行词相关的代词：
· This is the book that I bought it yesterday.（错误：it与that重复）
· This is the book that I bought yesterday.（正确）
六、综合练习
练习一：用适当的关系代词填空（可省略时标出）
1. The boy ________ is playing football is my brother.
2. Is this the book ________ you are looking for
3. The old man ________ son is a doctor lives alone.
4. He is the most careful student ________ I have ever taught.
5. The house ________ windows are broken has been empty for years.
6. Everything ________ he said turned out to be true.
7. The woman with ________ I was talking is our new English teacher.
8. I have lost the pen ________ my father gave me.
9. They are talking about the people and places ________ they visited.
10. Who is the person ________ is standing at the gate
练习二：改正错误
The car which he bought it last week is very expensive.
2. This is the very book which I need.
3. I have a friend which father is a famous writer.
4. The man who you met him yesterday is my uncle.
5. All what you need is confidence.
6. The boy, that is wearing a blue jacket, is my cousin.
练习三：合并句子（使用定语从句）
The girl is from Canada. She sits next to me.
I like the songs. They have beautiful melodies.
The student won the competition. His parents are both teachers.
We visited the factory. My father works in the factory.
5. He told me a story. The story moved me deeply.
练习四：翻译句子
你昨天遇见的那个人是我的数学老师。
这是我读过的最有趣的书。
那个父亲是医生的男孩学习很努力。
他所说的一切都很重要。
我们去年住过的房子已经被卖掉了。
参考答案
练习一：
1. who/that（作主语）
2. that/which（作宾语，可省略）
3. whose（表示所属关系）
4. that（被最高级修饰）
5. whose（表示所属关系，指物）
6. that（不定代词作先行词）
7. whom（介词后，指人）
8. that/which（作宾语，可省略）
9. that（先行词既有人又有物）
10. who/that（作主语）
练习二：
1. 去掉it（which已经作宾语）
2. which → that（the very修饰）
3. which → whose（表示所属关系）
4. 去掉him（who已经作宾语）
5. what → that（all作先行词）
6. 去掉逗号，或that → who（限制性定语从句无逗号，非限制性不能用that）
练习三：
1. The girl who/that sits next to me is from Canada.
2. I like the songs that/which have beautiful melodies.
3. The student whose parents are both teachers won the competition.
4. We visited the factory where my father works. 或 We visited the factory that/which my father works in.
5. He told me a story that/which moved me deeply.
练习四：
1. The man (who/whom/that) you met yesterday is my math teacher.
2. This is the most interesting book (that) I have ever read.
3. The boy whose father is a doctor studies very hard.
4. Everything (that) he said is very important.
5. The house (that/which) we lived in last year has been sold.
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